/[pcsclite]/trunk/Drivers/ccid/README
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revision 340 by rousseau, Tue Aug 26 19:51:29 2003 UTC revision 2101 by rousseau, Sun Jul 9 15:03:18 2006 UTC
# Line 6  USB CCID IFD Handler Line 6  USB CCID IFD Handler
6  specifications from the USB working group.  specifications from the USB working group.
7    
8    
9  Author:  Authors:
10  =======  ========
11    
12  - Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>  - Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
13    - Carlos Prados for the PPS and ATR parsing code (taken from his
14      towitoto driver) in towitoko/ directory.
15    - Olaf Kirch for the T=1 TPDU code (from the OpenCT package) in openct/
16      directory. I (Ludovic Rousseau) greatly improved this code.
17    
18    
19  Supported CCID readers:  Supported CCID readers:
20  =======================  =======================
21    
22  (in alphabetical order)  (in alphabetical order)
23    - ActivCard USB reader 3.0
24    - Advanced Card Systems ACR 38U-CCID [16]
25      old versions of this reader have a bug: the reader do timeout when a
26      special USB frame is sent from the reader. If the frame size if a
27      multiple of wMaxPacketSize the communication is stopped.
28    - Alcor Micro AU9520 [46]
29    - Athena ASE IIIe USB V2 [29]
30    - Athena ASE IIIe KB USB [42]
31    - C3PO LTC31 (new model, USB product id 0x0006) [8]
32    - Cherry XX33 keyboard [?]
33    - Cherry XX44 keyboard (SmartBoard G83-6744) [18]
34    - Cherry SmartTerminal ST2000U [35]
35    - Cherry ST-1044U [27]
36    - Dell keyboard SK-3106 [?]
37    - Dell smart card reader keyboard [?]
38    - Eutron SIM Pocket Combo [25]
39    - Eutron CryptoIdentity [26]
40  - Gemplus GemPC 433 SL [2]  - Gemplus GemPC 433 SL [2]
41    - Gemplus GemPC Card [41]
42  - Gemplus GemPC Key [3]  - Gemplus GemPC Key [3]
43    - Gemplus GemPC PinPad
44  - Gemplus GemPC Twin [4]  - Gemplus GemPC Twin [4]
45    - Gemplus GemCore POS Pro
46    - Gemplus GemCore SIM Pro
47    - Kobil KAAN Base [19]
48    - Kobil KAAN Advanced [20]
49    - Kobil KAAN SIM III [21]
50    - Kobil mIDentity [22]
51  - OmniKey CardMan 3121 [5]  - OmniKey CardMan 3121 [5]
52  - SCM Micro SCR 331 [6]  - SCM Micro SCR 331 [6]
53      You shall upgrade the firmware [17] using version 5.18 or later.
54    - SCM Micro SCR 331-DI [11]
55      You shall upgrade the firmware [17] using version 6.22 or later.
56  - SCM Micro SCR 335 [7]  - SCM Micro SCR 335 [7]
57      The firmware of this reader can't be upgraded so be sure to buy a
58      recent model with firmware 5.14 or later
59  Unsupported CCID readers:  - SCM Micro SCR 355
60  =========================  - SCM Micro SCR 3310 [30]
61    - SCM Micro SCR 3311 [31]
62  - none known  - SCM Micro SPR 532 [9]
63      You shall contact Torsten Maykranz <tmaykranz@scmmicro.de> to get a
64      firmware upgrade.
65    - SmartEpad (v 2.0) [32]
66      The firmware gives a very strange description of the reader (like a
67      dwDefaultClock: 1024.000 MHz). So do not expect a perfect behavior.
68    - Verisign Secure Storage Token [24]
69    - Verisign Secure Token [?]
70    
71    
72    Should work but untested by me:
73    ===============================
74    
75    I would like to get these readers to perform test and validation and
76    move them in the supported list above. If you are one of the
77    manufacturers, please, contact me.
78    
79    - Axalto Reflex USB v3 [38]
80    - C3PO LTC32 [13]
81    - Gemplus GemPC Express
82    - HP USB Smart Card Keyboard [44]
83    - id3 Semiconductors CL1356D [45] (tested by me but I don't have the
84      reader anymore)
85    - OmniKey CardMan 3021
86    - OmniKey CardMan 3621 [43]
87    - OmniKey CardMan 3821 [37]
88    - OmniKey CardMan 5125 [33]
89    - OmniKey CardMan 6121 [36]
90    - SCM Micro SCR 331-DI NTTCom [23]
91    - SCM Micro SCR 3310-NTTCOM [28]
92    - SCM Micro SCR 3320 [32]
93    - SCM Micro SCR 333 [15]
94    - SCM Micro SDI 010 [39]
95    - SCM SCR 3340 ExpressCard54 [34]
96    - Silitek SK-3105 keyboard [12] or C3PO TLTC2USB [14]
97    - Winbond Electronics (for OEM only) [40]
98    
99    
100    Unsupported or partly supported CCID readers:
101    =============================================
102    
103    - ActivCard USB reader 2.0 [10]
104        The reader do timeout when a special USB frame is sent from the
105        reader. If the frame size if a multiple of wMaxPacketSize the
106        communication is stopped.
107    - C3PO LTC31 (old model, USB product id 0x0003) [8]
108        The reader works fine with Linux kernel 2.4 but does not with Linux
109        kernel 2.6. The ioctl() syscall returns EINVAL (Invalid argument)
110    - RSA SecureID SID800 [24]
111        The USB layer is completely broken. The reader is sometimes not even
112        seen on the USB bus (same problem under Windows). Maybe newer
113        devices will work?
114    
115    
116  Supported operating systems:  Supported operating systems:
# Line 38  Supported operating systems: Line 121  Supported operating systems:
121    to libusb)    to libusb)
122    
123    
124    Debug informations:
125    ===================
126    
127    The driver uses the debug function provided by pcscd. So if pcscd sends
128    its debug to stderr (pcscd --foreground) then the CCID will also send
129    its debug to stderr. If pcscd sends its debug to syslog (by default)
130    then the CCID will also send its debug to syslog.
131    
132    You can change the debug level using the Info.plist configuration file.
133    The Info.plist is installed, by default, in
134    /usr/local/pcsc/drivers/ifd-ccid.bundle/Contents/Info.plist
135    
136    The debug level is set in the ifdLogLevel field. It is a binary OR
137    combinaison of 4 different levels.
138    - 1: critical: important error messages
139    - 2: info:     informative messages like what reader was detected
140    - 4: comm:     a dump of all the bytes exchanged between the host and the
141                   reader
142    - 8: periodic: periodic info when pcscd test if a card is present (every
143                   1/10 of a second)
144    
145    By default the debug level is set to 3 (1 + 2) and correspond to the
146    critical and info levels.
147    
148    You have to restart the driver so it read the configuration file again
149    and use the new debug level value.  To restart the driver you just need
150    to unplug all your CCID readers so the the driver is unloaded and then
151    replug your readers. You can also restart pcscd.
152    
153    
154  Known problems:  Known problems:
155  ===============  ===============
156    
157  All platforms  MacOSX libusb
158      readers enumeration  """""""""""""
159      """""""""""""""""""      There is a bug in libusb that crash the libusb library when you
160        You may have wrong reader identification if you connect two or      unplug a reader and replug it in another USB socket.  So if you
161        more reader at the exact same time.      unplug a reader replug it in the same USB socket.
162    
163        The daemon pcscd and the CCID driver do not list connected readers      see http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=886778&group_id=1674&atid=101674
       in the same order. The driver has no way to know which reader has  
       been detected as a new reader by pcscd.  
   
       So if you plug two readers at the same time (for example if you  
       start pcscd with two readers connected or if you plug a USB hub  
       with two readers on the hub) you may have this (with two readers  
       foo and bar):  
       - pcscd scans the USB bus and finds a new CCID reader foo and  
         calls the driver  
       - the CCID driver scan the USB bus and finds a new different  
         reader bar  
       - pcscd continues scanning the USB bus and finds the second reader  
         bar and calls the driver  
       - the CCID driver scan the USB bus and finds an unused reader foo.  
   
         Now the reader foo will be called bar by pcscd and bar will be  
         called foo. This may not be a problem if the two readers have  
         the same name. But it is strange to insert a card in the  
         physical reader foo and see pcscd detect the card insertion in  
         the reader he calls bar.  
   
         The solution is to use IFDHCreateChannelByName() instead of  
         IFDHCreateChannel() and specify the USB device to use. But pcscd  
         does not implement IFDHCreateChannelByName() yet. Maybe in the  
         future.  
   
         Another solution is to plug readers one after the other and not  
         at the same time.  
   
 MacOS X/Darwin  
     hotplug  
     """""""  
       Due to libusb work in progress the driver may crash on a reader  
       insertion after a few insert/remove actions.  
       So if your reader is always connected you should not have  
       problems.  
       A new version of libusb should fix this bug.  
   
 *BSD  
     libusb  
     """"""  
       The libusb does not yet support USB interrupt endpoints. You will  
       notice that the driver will stop working as soon as you insert a  
       card in the reader.  
       A new version of libusb should fix this bug.  
164    
165    
166  Licence:  Licence:
167  ========  ========
168    
169    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
170  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
171  Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
172  option) any later version.  your option) any later version.
173    
174    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
175  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
176  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser
177  General Public License for more details.  General Public License for more details.
178    
179    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
180  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,  along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
181  Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA  Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307  USA
182    
183    
184  History:  History:
185  ========  ========
186    
187    1.0.1 - 22 April 2006, Ludovic Rousseau
188        - add support for Axalto Reflex USB v3, SCM Micro SDI 010, Winbond
189          Electronics W81E381 chipset, Gemplus GemPC Card, Athena ASE IIIe
190          KB USB, OmniKey CardMan 3621
191        - support Solaris (Solaris uses a different libusb)
192        - better documentation for ./configure arguments
193        - improve support of Cherry XX44 keyboard for PIN verify and change
194          (circumvent firmware bugs)
195        - do not use LTPBundleFindValueWithKey() from pcscd since this
196          function has been removed from pcscd API
197        - use -fvisibility=hidden is available to limit the number of
198          exported symbols
199    
200    
201    1.0.0 - 3 March 2006, Ludovic Rousseau
202        - add support for ActivCard USB Reader 3.0, Athena ASE IIIe USB V2,
203          SCM Micro SCR 355, SCR 3311, SCR 3320, SCR 3340 ExpressCard54,
204          Gemplus GemCore SIM Pro, GemCore POS Pro (serial and USB), GemPC
205          Express (ExpressCard/54 interface), SmartEpad (v 2.0), OmniKey
206          CardMan 5125
207        - greatly improve support of PIN PAD readers. We now support TPDU
208          readers with T=1 cards
209        - use l10n strings for the Gemplus GemPC PIN PAD (it has a screen).
210          Supported languages are: de, en, es, fr, it
211        - rename ACS ACR 38 in ACR 38U-CCID since the ACR 38 is a different
212          reader and is not CCID compatible
213        - allow to select the Power On voltage using Info.plist instead of
214          recompiling the source code
215        - correct bugs in the support of multi-slots readers
216        - if the card is faster than the reader (TA1=97 for example) we try
217          to use a not-so-bad speed (corresponding to TA1=96, 95 or 94)
218          instead of the default speed of TA1=11
219        - the src/parse tool do not use the driver anymore. No need to
220          update the Info.plist file first.
221        - some minor bugs removed
222    
223    
224    0.9.4 - 27 November 2005, Ludovic Rousseau
225        - add support for Eutron SIM Pocket Combo, Eutron CryptoIdentity,
226          Verisign Secure Token and VeriSign Secure Storage Token, GemPC
227          Card (PCMCIA), SCM SCR331-DI NTTCom, SCM Micro SCR 3310-NTTCom,
228          Cherry ST-1044U, Cherry SmartTerminal ST-2XXX
229        - add support of PC/SC v2 part 10 CM_IOCTL_GET_FEATURE_REQUEST add
230          support of FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT and FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT
231          remove support of IOCTL_SMARTCARD_VENDOR_VERIFY_PIN (now
232          obsoleted). A sample code is available in examples/scardcontrol.c
233        - we need pcsc-lite 1.2.9-beta9 since some structures used for PIN
234          pad readers are defined by pcsc-lite
235        - some (bogus) cards require an extra EGT but the ATR does not say
236          so. We try to detect the bogus cards and set TC1=2
237        - IFDHSetProtocolParameters(): only use a data rate supported by the
238          reader in the PPS negociation, otherwise we stay at the default
239          speed.
240        - calculate and store the read timeout according to the card ATR
241          instead of using a fixed value of 60 seconds
242        - increase the read timeout if the card sends and WTX request
243        - improve support of GemPC Twin and GemPC Card (serial protocol)
244        - reset the device on close only if DRIVER_OPTION_RESET_ON_CLOSE is
245          set. The problem was that a device reset also disconnects the
246          keyboard on a keyboard + reader device.
247        - use color logs
248        - some minor bugs removed
249    
250    
251    0.9.3 - 14 March 2005, Ludovic Rousseau
252        - change the licence from GNU GPL to GNU Lesser GPL (LGPL)
253        - add support for ACS ACR 38, Kobil KAAN Base, Kobil KAAN Advanced,
254          Kobil KAAN SIM III, Kobil KAAN mIDentity, SCM Micro SCR 331,
255          SCM Micro SCR 331-DI, SCM Micro SCR 335, SCM Micro SCR 3310,
256          SCM Micro SCR 532, Cherry XX44 readers
257        - improve communication speed with readers featuring "Automatic PPS
258          made by the CCID"
259        - switch the Cherry xx33 reader in ISO mode if power up in EMV mode
260          fails.
261        - add support of character level readers. Thanks to O2Micro for the
262          patch
263        - add support for the O2Micro OZ776S reader but the reader firmware
264          is still bogus
265        - check firmware version to avoid firmwares with bugs. You can still
266          use a bogus firmware by setting DRIVER_OPTION_USE_BOGUS_FIRMWARE
267          in Info.plist
268        - some minor bugs removed
269    
270    0.9.2 - 15 August 2004, Ludovic Rousseau
271        - T=1 TPDU code:
272          . the work on T=1 TPDU code was possible thanks to Gemplus
273            validation team who helped me test, debug and bring the code to
274            an EMV validation level. Thanks to Jérôme, Jean-Yves, Xavier and
275            the Gemplus readers department
276          . error code was not checked correctly
277          . avoid a (nearly) infinite loop when resynch are needed.
278          . correctly initialise an internal value to allow more than one
279            reader to work
280        - multi-slots readers
281          . add support for multi-slots readers. The only one I have is a
282            SCM Micro SCR 331-DI with a contact and a contactless interface.
283            The contactless interface may or may not work for you since the
284            reader uses proprietary (undocumented) commands.
285        - GemPC Twin serial reader
286          . perform a command (get the reader firmware) to be sure a GemPC
287            Twin (serial or pcmcia) reader is connected
288          . use a dynamic timeout when reading the serial port.
289            The first timeout used when detecting the reader is 2 seconds to
290            not wait too long if no reader is connected. Later timeouts are
291            set to 1 minute to allow long time APDU.
292        - use `pkg-config libpcsclite --cflags` to locate the pcsc-lite
293          header files
294        - use `pkg-config --print-errors --atleast-version=1.2.9-beta5 libpcsclite`
295          to test the pcsc-lite version
296        - code improvements thanks to the splint tool (http://www.splint.org/)
297    
298    0.9.1 - 1 July 2004, Ludovic Rousseau
299        - I forgot to define IFD_PARITY_ERROR in a .h file
300    
301    0.9.0 - 1 July 2004, Ludovic Rousseau
302        - The T=1 TPDU automata from Carlos Prados' Towitoko driver is very
303          limited and do not support error management mechanisms.
304          I then used the T=1 TPDU automata from OpenCT (OpenSC project).
305          This automata is much more powerful but still lacks a lot of error
306          management code.
307          I then added all the needed code to reach the quality level
308          requested by the EMV standard.
309        - add support for new readers:
310          . Advanced Card Systems ACR 38
311          . Cherry XX33
312          . Dell keyboard SK-3106
313          . Dell smart card reader keyboard
314          . SCR 333
315        - add support of multi procotol cards (T=0 and T=1)
316        - the debug level is now dynamic and set in the Info.plist file (no
317          need to recompile the driver any more)
318        - add support for the libusb naming scheme: usb:%04x/%04x:libusb:%s
319        - INSTALL: add a "configuring the driver for the serial reader
320          (GemPC Twin)" part
321        - use `pkg-config libpcsclite --variable=usbdropdir` so you do not
322          have to use --enable-usbdropdir=DIR or --enable-ccidtwindir=DIR
323          even if pcscd does not use the default /usr/local/pcsc/drivers
324        - add support of IOCTL_SMARTCARD_VENDOR_IFD_EXCHANGE and
325          IOCTL_SMARTCARD_VENDOR_VERIFY_PIN in IFDHControl()
326        - read ifdDriverOptions from Info.plist to limit the use of
327          IOCTL_SMARTCARD_VENDOR_IFD_EXCHANGE (idea from Peter Williams)
328        - provide an example of use of SCardControl()
329          IOCTL_SMARTCARD_VENDOR_IFD_EXCHANGE and
330          IOCTL_SMARTCARD_VENDOR_VERIFY_PIN in example/
331        - add a --enable-pcsclite option (default to yes) so that the driver
332          can be compiled for a different framework (one needing
333          tokenparser.l like Solaris)
334        - Reset action is power off and power on, not just power on
335        - use the include files from pcsc-lite
336        - add a mechanism to allow power on at 1.8V, 3V and then 5V as
337          specified by ISO 7816. We still use 5V for now to avoid problems
338          with non ISO compliant cards
339    
340    0.4.1 - 14 February 2004, Ludovic Rousseau
341        - distribute missing files readers/supported_readers.txt and
342          src/create_Info_plist.pl
343          'make install' failed because of this.
344    
345    0.4.0 - 13 February 2004, Ludovic Rousseau
346        - support of T=1 with TPDU readers. A lot of the T=1 code comes from
347          Carlos Prados towitoko driver.
348          My code is GNU GPL, his code is GNU LGPL so the global driver is
349          GNU GPL
350        - PPS negotiation if the reader does not do it automatically
351        - add support for the Silitek SK-3105 keyboard. It's a USB device
352          with multiple interfaces
353        - use the create_Info_plist.pl script to generate the installed
354          Info.plist from an Info.plist template and a list of supported
355          readers. The Info.plist was too "complex" to maintain by hand
356          since it now contains 11 entries
357        - add support of IFDHCreateChannelByName to avoid wrong reader
358          enumeration. This is not complete if you have multiple _identical_
359          readers. You need to use a > 1.2.0 pcsc-lite version (not yet
360          released at that time)
361        - build but do not install the serial ccidtwin driver by default
362          since it is useless on computers without a serial port or without
363          this reader for example.
364        - read and write timeouts are not symmetric. write timout can be
365          shorter since the reader and card is not supposed to do anything
366          before receiving (write) a command
367        - do not try to find usb.h and other libusb files if
368          --disable-libusb is used. Needed if you only want to build the
369          serial driver.  Thanks to Niki Waibel for the patch
370        - add a --enable-ccidtwindir argument to ./configure to specify the
371          serial GemPC Twin installation directory
372        - debug and code improvements and simplifications
373    
374    0.3.2 - 4 November 2003, Ludovic Rousseau
375        - src/commands.c: correct a stupid bug that occurs with an APDU with
376          2 bytes response.
377        - Info.plist: add SPR 532 in list of supported readers
378        - parse.c: do not exit if the InterfaceClass is 0xFF (proprietary).
379          It is the case with old readers manufactured before the final
380          release of the CCID specs.
381        - move LTC31 reader from unsupported to supported reader list. It
382          was my f ault since in used odd INS byte in my test applet and odd
383          INS bytes are forbidden by ISO 7816-4 ch. 5.4.2 Instruction byte.
384          Thanks to Josep Moné s Teixidor for pointing the problem.
385        - src/commands.c: comment out the automatic GET RESPONSE part. I
386          don't think it should be in the driver. Maybe in pcscd instead?
387    
388    0.3.1 - 23 September 2003, Ludovic Rouseau
389        - add --enable-multi-thread (enabled by default) for thread safe
390          support an APDU multiplexing. You will need pcsc-lite-1.2.0-rc3 or
391          above to use this feature.
392        - add --enable-libusb=PATH option is your libusb is not installed in
393          /usr or /usr/local
394        - honor DESTDIR in install rules (closes [ #300110 ]). Thanks to
395          Ville Skyttä for the patch.
396        - src/ccid.c: do not switch the GemPC Key and GemPC Twin in APDU
397          mode since it also swicth in EMV mode and may not work with non
398          EMV cards
399        - src/ccid_serial.c: complete reimplementation of the Twin serial
400          protocol using a finite state automata (code much simpler)
401    
402    0.3.0 - 10 September 2003, Ludovic Rousseau
403        - support of GemPC Twin connected to a serial port. Thanks to Niki
404          W. Waibel for a working prototype.
405        - support of auto voltage at power up if the reader support it
406          instead of forcing a 5V in all cases.
407        - support of APDU mode instead of just TPDU if the reader support
408          it. Thanks to Jean-Luc Giraud for the idea and inspiration I got
409          from his "concurrent" driver.
410        - support of "time request" from the card.
411        - parse: new indentation for more readability of supported features.
412        - switch the GemPC Key and GemPC Twin in APDU mode since they
413          support it but do not announce it in the dwFeatures.
414        - new build process using autoconf/automake.
415    
416    0.2.0 - 26 August 2003, Ludovic Rousseau
417        - Works under MacOS X
418        - Info.plist: use an <array></array> for the alias enumeration
419        - Makefile rework for *BSD and MacOS X
420    
421  0.1.0 - 13 August 2003, Ludovic Rousseau  0.1.0 - 13 August 2003, Ludovic Rousseau
422      - First public release      - First public release
423    
424    
425  Bibliographie:  References:
426  ==============  ===========
427    
428  [1] http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/ccid_classspec_1_00a.pdf  [1] http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/ccid_classspec_1_00a.pdf
429  [2] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempc433/  [2] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempc433/
430  [3] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempckey/  [3] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempckey/
431  [4] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempctwin/  [4] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempctwin/
432  [5] http://www.omnikey.com/en/produkt_details.php3?produkt=1&variante=47  [5] http://www.omnikey.com/index.php?id=40
433  [6] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR331.html  [6] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR331.html
434  [7] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR335.html  [7] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR335.html
435    [8] http://www.c3po.es/ltc31.html
436    [9] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SPR532.html
437    [10] http://www.activcard.com/products/usb_reader.html
438    [11] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR331-DI.html
439    [12] http://www.silitek.com/prod/getProduct.do?xml_id=4_2&menu_id=4_2_8&cid=1_8_5
440    [13] http://www.c3po.es/ltc32.html
441    [14] http://www.c3po.es/tltc2usb.html
442    [15] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR333.html
443    [16] http://www.acs.com.hk/Product_Readers.asp?productID=107&PCate=Products_PC_Linked_SmartCard_Readers
444    [17] http://www.scmmicro.com/support/pcs_product_drivers.html
445    [18] http://www.cherrycorp.com/english/advanced-line/advanced-line_smartboard_g83-6744.htm
446    [19] http://www.kobil.com/e/products/smartcard/kaan-base.php
447    [20] http://www.kobil.com/e/products/smartcard/kaan-advanced.php
448    [21] http://www.kobil.com/d/products/smartcard/kaansim3.php
449    [22] http://www.kobil.com/e/products/index.php?s=midentity
450    [23] http://www.ntt.com/jpki/SCR331DI.html
451    [24] http://www.verisign.co.uk/products-services/security-services/unified-authentication/usb-tokens/
452    [25] http://www.eutron.com/simpocket.asp
453    [26] http://www.cryptoidentity.eutron.com/eng/home.asp
454    [27] http://www.cherry.de/english/advanced-line/advanced_smartterminal_st-1044u.htm
455    [28] http://www.ntt.com/jpki/scr3310.html
456    [29] http://www.asedrive.com/product.asp?pid=1
457    [30] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR3310.html
458    [31] http://scmmicro.com/security/SCR3311.html
459    [31] http://scmmicro.com/security/SCR3320.html
460    [32] http://www.smartepad.com.br/
461    [33] http://www.omnikey.com/index.php?id=121
462    [34] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SCR3340.html
463    [35] http://www.cherry.de/deutsch/advanced-line/advanced_smart_terminal_st-2000u.htm
464    [36] http://www.omnikey.com/index.php?id=21
465    [37] http://www.omnikey.com/index.php?id=114
466    [38] http://www.reflexreaders.com/Products/reflex_usbnew.html
467    [39] http://www.scmmicro.com/security/SDI_010.html
468    [40] http://www.winbond.com.tw/E-WINBONDHTM/partner/b_2_e_4.htm
469    [41] http://www.gemplus.com/products/gempc_card/
470    [42] http://www.asedrive.com/product.asp?pid=2
471    [43] http://www.omnikey.com/index.php?id=50
472    [44] http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/12346_na/12346_na.HTML
473    [45] http://www.id3semiconductors.com/produits/cl1356D.htm
474    [46] http://www.alcormicro.com/products_detail.php?main_id=8&p_id=21
475    
476  $Id$  $Id$
477    

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