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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % shareddata SYSTEM "../release-notes.ent" > %shareddata;
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]>
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<chapter id="ch-installing" lang="ca">
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<title>El sistema d'instal·lació</title>
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<para>
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El procediment d'instal·lació oficial per Debian és el Debian Installer. Ens proporciona
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diversos mètodes d'instal·lació. Els mètodes dels que disposeu per istal·lar el
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vostre sistema dependrà de la vostra arquitectura.
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</para>
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<para>
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Les imatges de l'instal·lador de &releasename; es podent trobar junt a
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la Guia d'instal·lacio a la <ulink url="&url-installer;">web deDebian
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</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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La guia d'instal·lació també està incloasa al primer CD/DVD dels conjunts
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de CD/DVD de Debian, a:
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</para>
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<screen>
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/doc/install/manual/<replaceable>ca</replaceable>/index.html
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</screen>
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<para>
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Pot ser també voldreu comprevar
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les <ulink url="&url-installer;index#errata">errates</ulink> del
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debian-installer per coneixer la llista de problemes coneguts.
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</para>
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<section id="inst-new">
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<title>Que hi ha de nou al sistema d'instal·lació?</title>
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<para>
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S'ha fet molt de desenvolupament al Instal·lador de Debian des de la seu primer
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llançament oficial a &oldreleasename; amb el resultat de que s'han aconseguit
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millores tant al suport de maquinari com a noves i exictants característiques.
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</para>
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<para>
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En estes notes de llançament tan sols fem una llista dels canvis principals
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en l'instal·lador. Si esteu insteressats en un visió general des canvis
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produits des de &oldreleasename;, comprove els anuncis de llançament de
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la beta de &releasename; i els llançaments RC que trobareu a
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a <ulink url="&url-installer-news;">l'historial de noticiesy</ulink> de
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l'instal·lador de Debian.
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</para>
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<section id="inst-changes">
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<title>Canvis principals</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Un particionament més flexible</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Ara és possible configurar el sistema amb un volum <acronym>LVM</acronym> utilitzant
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particionat guiat.
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</para>
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<para>
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The installer is also able to set up encrypted file systems. Using manual
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partitioning you have the choice between <literal>dm-crypt</literal> and
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<literal>loop-aes</literal>, using a passphrase or a random key, and you can
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tune various other options. Using guided partitioning, the installer will
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create an encrypted <acronym>LVM</acronym> partition that contains any other file systems (except
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<filename>/boot</filename>) as logical volumes.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Graphical user interface</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If you prefer a graphical user interface, try booting the installer with
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<literal>installgui</literal>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The functionality of the graphical installer is almost identical to the regular
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installer, only the presentation differs. There is one exception: the
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graphical frontend does not support setting up encrypted partitions using
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random keys.
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</para>
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<para>
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The major advantage of the graphical user interface is that it supports more
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languages than the regular user interface (newt). Information about the
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graphical installer and the most important differences between the graphical
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and regular installer are documented in an appendix in the installation guide.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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The graphical user interface is not available for all architectures.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Rescue mode</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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You can use the installer to solve problems with your system, for example when
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it refuses to boot. The first steps will be just like a regular installation,
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but the installer will not start the partitioner. Instead it will offer you a
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menu of rescue options.
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</para>
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<para>
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Activate the rescue mode by booting the installer with
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<literal>rescue</literal>, or by adding a boot parameter
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<literal>rescue/enable=true</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Using sudo instead of root account</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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During expert installations you can choose to not set up the root account (it
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will be locked), but instead set up <command>sudo</command> so that the first
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user can use that for system administration.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Simplified mail configuration</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If the standard system is installed, the installer sets up a basic
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configuration for the system's mail server which will only provide for local
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e-mail delivery. The mail server will be unavailable to other systems
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connected to the same network. If you want to configure your system to handle
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e-mail not local to the system (either to send e-mail or to receive it), you
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will have to reconfigure the mail system after installation.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Desktop selection</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The installation system will install a GNOME desktop as the default desktop if
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the user asks for one.
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</para>
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<para>
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However, users wishing to install alternate desktop environments can easily do
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so by adding boot parameters: <literal>tasks=standard, kde-desktop</literal>
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for KDE and <literal>tasks=standard, xfce-desktop</literal> for Xfce. Note
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that this will not work when installing from a full CD image without using a
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network mirror as an additional package source; it will work when using a DVD
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image or any other installation method.
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</para>
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<para>
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There are also separate CD images available that install the KDE or Xfce
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desktop environment by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>New languages</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Thanks to the huge efforts of translators, Debian can now be installed in 47
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languages using the text-based installation user interface. This is six
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languages more than in &oldreleasename;. Languages added in this release include
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Belarusian, Esperanto, Estonian, Kurdish, Macedonian, Tagalog, Vietnamese and
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Wolof. Due to lack of translation updates, two languages have been dropped in
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this release: Persian and Welsh.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the graphical user interface is used, an additional eleven languages are
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supported. These languages can only be selected using this installer as their
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character sets cannot be presented in a non-graphical environment. The new
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languages are: Bengali, Dzongkha, Gujarati, Hindi, Georgian, Khmer, Malayalam,
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Nepali, Punjabi, Tamil and Thai.
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</para>
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<para>
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Users that do not wish to use any locale can now select <emphasis>C</emphasis>
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as their preferred locale in the installer's language selection. More
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information on language coverage is available at the <ulink
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url="&url-d-i-i18n;">d-i languages
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list</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Simplified localization and timezone selection</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Configuration of language, countries and timezones has been simplified to
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reduce the amount of information needed from the user. The installer will now
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guess what the system's country and timezone is based on the language selected,
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or will provide a limited selection if it cannot. Users can still introduce
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obscure combinations if need be.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Improved system-wide localization</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Most of the internationalization and localization tasks that were previously
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handled by the <systemitem role="package">localization-config</systemitem> tool
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are now included in the stock Debian installer or in packages themselves. This
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means that selection of a language will automatically install packages
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necessary for that language (dictionaries, documentation, fonts...) in both
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standard and desktop environments. Configuration that is no longer handled
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automatically includes the papersize configuration and some advanced X Windows
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keyboard settings for some languages.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that language-specific packages will only be installed automatically if
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they are available during the installation.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</section>
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<section id="inst-auto">
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<title>Automated installation</title>
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<para>
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A lot of the changes mentioned in the previous section also imply changes in
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the support in the installer for automated installation using preconfiguration
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files. This means that if you have existing preconfiguration files that worked
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with the &oldreleasename; installer, you cannot expect these to work with the new
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installer without modification.
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</para>
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<para>
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The good news is that the <ulink
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url="&url-install-manual;">Installation
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Guide</ulink> now has a separate appendix with extensive documentation on using
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preconfiguration.
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</para>
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<para>
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The &releasename; installer introduces some exciting new features that allow further and
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easier automation of installs. It also adds support for advanced partitioning
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using <acronym>RAID</acronym>, <acronym>LVM</acronym> and encrypted <acronym>LVM</acronym>. See the documentation for details.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Install &debian; with a braille display</title>
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<para>
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You can install &debian; &release; (&releasename;) with a braille
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display. The braille display must be connected to a
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<acronym>USB</acronym> or a serial port. If your braille display
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is connected to a <acronym>USB</acronym> port and the American
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braille table is supposed to be used, you can press
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<keycap>Enter</keycap> in the boot menu. The screen reader BrlTTY
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is standardized to search for braille displays at the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> port and uses the American Braille
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table. If the braille display is connected to a serial port or if
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you want to use a different braille table, you have to press the
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<keycap>Tab</keycap> key in the boot menu first. Then, you can
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configure the screen reader BrlTTY with the kernel parameter
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brltty.
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</para>
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<para>
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For the parameter, the following syntax is valid:
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</para>
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<programlisting>brltty=driver,device,table</programlisting>
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<para>
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All operands are optional.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Driver</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The driver for the employed braille display. Here, you must
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enter either a code consisting of two letters or the word
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auto. If this argument is not entered, the automated
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recognition is activated by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Device</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The device can be entered as relative to /dev/ as well as an
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absolute specification.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Table</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Defines the braille table for the desired language. By
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default, the US table is employed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<section>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<programlisting>brltty=ht,ttyS0,de</programlisting>
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<para>
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The Handy Tech Driver is used. The braille display is connected
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to Com1. The German braille table is used.
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</para>
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<programlisting>brltty=,,de</programlisting>
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<para>
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Here, only the German braille table is specified. Therefore,
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BrlTTY will try to find a braille display at a
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<acronym>USB</acronym> port.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="popcon">
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<title>Popularity contest</title>
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<para>
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The installation system will again offer to install the <systemitem
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role="package">popularity-contest</systemitem> package. This package was not
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installed by default in &oldreleasename; but it was installed in older releases.
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</para>
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<para>
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<systemitem role="package">popularity-contest</systemitem> provides the Debian
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project with valuable information on which packages in the distribution are
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actually used. This information is used mainly to decide the order in which
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packages are included on installation CD-ROMs, but is also often consulted by
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Debian developers in deciding whether or not to adopt a package that no longer
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has a maintainer.
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</para>
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<para>
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Information from <systemitem role="package">popularity-contest</systemitem> is
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processed anonymously. We would appreciate it if you would participate in this
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official survey, helping to improve Debian.
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</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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|
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Revision Log