# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-27 23:21+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"

# type: Content of the abi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the abriefhistoryofdebian entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the acpi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the advancedlinuxsouarchitecturealsa entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:18
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the afireresistantsafe entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:19
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the agp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:20
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the aixbyibm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:21
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the alioth entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:22
msgid "http://alioth.debian.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the almquistshell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:23
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the amanda entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Maryland_Automatic_Network_Disk_Archiver"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ascii entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:25 debian-reference.en.xmlt:35
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the amigaos entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:26
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ansiescapecode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:27
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theapachesoftwarefoundation entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:28 debian-reference.en.xmlt:649
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the apm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:29
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the applebonjourapplerendezvous entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonjour_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the arial entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:31
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the arp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:32
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the arts entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:33
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARts"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the asciidoc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:34
msgid "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=asciidoc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the asimpleguidetolatexlyx entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:36
msgid "http://www.stat.rice.edu/~helpdesk/howto/lyxguide.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the associatesipaddrseswithhostnames entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:37
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/316099"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the asynchronoustransfermode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:38
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the atp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:39
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleTalk"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the planj entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:40 debian-reference.en.xmlt:516
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the atutorialintroductiontogit entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:41
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the atutorialintrodutiontogitparttwo entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:42
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial-2.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the aufs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:43
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the autoconf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:44
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the awk entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:45
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the backportsorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:46
msgid "http://backports.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the backuppc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:47
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuppc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bacula entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:48
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacula"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the badsideeffectswithjava entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:49
msgid "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=83376"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the basege entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:50
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the basesystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:51
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.7"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bash entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:52
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bazaar entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:53
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the berkeleycsh entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:54
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the berkeleydb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:55
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bigf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:56
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bind entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:57
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the binhex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:58
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BinHex"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bios entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:59
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bitstreamvera entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:60
msgid "http://www.gnome.org/fonts/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bochs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:61
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bootloader entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:62
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_loader"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bootstrapprocesses entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:63
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the broadband entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:64
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bsdlike entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:65 debian-reference.en.xmlt:66
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lineprinterdaemon entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:67 debian-reference.en.xmlt:378
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the btrfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:68
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the btsofnetworkmanager entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:69
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=network-manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the btsofwicd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:70
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=wicd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bugebbbcd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:71
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/411123"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bugfaffgf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:72
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/505565"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the bugfbejda entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:73
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/514930"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the burrowswheelerblrtingcompression entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:74
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows-Wheeler_transform"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cachingdata entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:75
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cardbus entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:76
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_Card#CardBus"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the categoriesindebianpolicy entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:77
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-sections"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cdrkit entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:78
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cdromdvd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:79
msgid "http://www.debian.org/CD/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the commongatewayinterface entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:80 debian-reference.en.xmlt:94
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the chainloading entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:81
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the chap entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:82
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-handshake_authentication_protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the characterencoding entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:83
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the chroot entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:84
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cprogramminglanguage entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:85 debian-reference.en.xmlt:111
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cjk entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:86 debian-reference.en.xmlt:87
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cloop entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:88
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the codeexamplesofcrgjjbottlesofbeer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:89
msgid "http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the codename entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:90
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#codenames"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the codepage entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:91
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the codesetalwayssettoutfi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:92
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeset"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the commandlineprintingandoptions entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:93
msgid "http://localhost:631/help/options.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the commonunixprintingsystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:95 debian-reference.en.xmlt:96
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the comparisonofplatmvirtualmachines entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:97
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the computerdatastoragemedia entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:98
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the computerfonts entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:99
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_font"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the couriernew entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:100 debian-reference.en.xmlt:101
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpbcfb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:102
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1251"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpbcfc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:103
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpedh entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:104
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_437"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpifa entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:105
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_850"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpjdc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:106
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_932"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpjdg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:107
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_936"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpjej entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:108
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_949"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpjfa entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:109
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_950"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cpm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:110
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the crmbbe entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:112
msgid "http://crm114.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cssc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:113
msgid "http://cssc.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cstandardlibrary entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:114
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_standard_library"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the cvs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:115
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the daemon entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:116
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the darcs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:117
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dbus entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:118
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianaliothservice entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:119
msgid "http://alioth.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianbugtrackingsystembts entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:120
msgid "http://www.debian.org/Bugs/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiandevelopersreference entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:121
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiandevelopersthedebianarchive entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:122
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiandocumentationprojectddp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:123
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:124
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-oldcodenames"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianfaq entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:125
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianfontmanagerdefoma entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:126
msgid "http://packages.debian.org/sid/defoma"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiangnulinuxguallationandusage entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:127
msgid "http://archive.debian.net/woody/debian-guide"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwdebianorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:128 debian-reference.en.xmlt:138 debian-reference.en.xmlt:303
msgid "http://www.debian.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianinstallercds entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:129
msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebianinstaller entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:130 debian-reference.en.xmlt:656 debian-reference.en.xmlt:657
msgid "http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianinstallersmallcds entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:131
msgid "http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianleadershiphistory entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:132
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-leaders"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianmenusystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:133
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/menu.html/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianmirrorcheckersite entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:134
msgid "http://www.de.debian.org/dmc/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiannewmaintainersguide entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:135
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianpolicymanual entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:136
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:137
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianreference entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:139
msgid "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=debian-reference&amp;searchon=sourcenames&amp;exact=1&amp;suite=all&amp;section=all"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianreferenceversionc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:140
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiansecurityfaq entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:141
msgid "http://www.debian.org/security/faq"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:142 debian-reference.en.xmlt:143
msgid "http://www.debian.org/social_contract"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:144
msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2008/12/msg00019.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debiantutorial entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:145
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-tutorial/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the volatileupdates entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:146 debian-reference.en.xmlt:659 debian-reference.en.xmlt:729
msgid "http://www.debian.org/volatile/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianwikicontentsonbacktrace entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:147
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/HowToGetABacktrace"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debianwikiqemu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:148
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/QEMU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debtags entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:149
msgid "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the debugger entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:150
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dejavu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:151
msgid "http://dejavu-fonts.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dependencybasedbootsequence entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:152
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the designruleforcamerafilesystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:153
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rule_for_Camera_File_system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the desktopenvironment entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:154
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the devicefiles entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:155
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the devicemapper entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:156
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_mapper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:157 debian-reference.en.xmlt:173
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the digitalsignaturealgorithm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:158
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the directories entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:159
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_(file_systems)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the diskpartitioning entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:160 debian-reference.en.xmlt:161
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the divx entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:162
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dmcrypto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:163 debian-reference.en.xmlt:164
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dm-crypt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dmg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:165
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the internetdomainnamesystemdns entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:166 debian-reference.en.xmlt:325
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the docbook entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:167
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the documentstylesemionlanguagedsssl entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:168
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dosbox entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:169
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSBox"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dosemu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:170
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSEMU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dsabfhbb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:171
msgid "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:172 debian-reference.en.xmlt:654
msgid "http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:174
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ecryptfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:175
msgid "http://ecryptfs.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the elinks entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:176
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELinks"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the elsewhereontheweb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:177
msgid "http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbtoc.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the emacs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:178
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the emulation entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:179
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the enlightenedsounddaemonesd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:180
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened_Sound_Daemon"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the enlightenment entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:181
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the environmentvariables entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:182
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the epiphany entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:183
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(browser)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the epwing entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:184
msgid "http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPWING"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the essentialpackages entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:185
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.8"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the eucjp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:186 debian-reference.en.xmlt:187
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the euckr entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:188
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-KR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the everydaygitwithcacommandsorso entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:189
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/everyday.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the exchangeableimagefileformat entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:190
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the exim entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:191
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the expresscard entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:192
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExpressCard"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the extc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:193 debian-reference.en.xmlt:195
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the extd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:194 debian-reference.en.xmlt:196 debian-reference.en.xmlt:197
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the exte entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:198
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the extendedbinarycolinterchangecode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:199
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the extensiblefirmwareinterfaceefi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:200
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:201
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Transformations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the extensiblestylesttingobjectxslfo entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:202
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the fairuse entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:203
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vfatfilesystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:204 debian-reference.en.xmlt:205 debian-reference.en.xmlt:206 debian-reference.en.xmlt:207 debian-reference.en.xmlt:447 debian-reference.en.xmlt:719
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the faviconico entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:208
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the fedra entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:209
msgid "http://fedoraproject.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the filelocking entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:210
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the files entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:211
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the filesystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:212
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the filesystempermissions entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:213
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the filesystemshowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:214
msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the flash entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:215
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the flex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:216
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex_lexical_analyser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the fluxbox entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:217
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxbox"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the fontconfig entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:218 debian-reference.en.xmlt:219
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontconfig"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the freebsd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:220
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the freedesktoporg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:221
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the freedos entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:222
msgid "http://www.freedos.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the freelibreopensourcefloss entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:223
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the freetype entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:224
msgid "http://freetype.sourceforge.net/index.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ftp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:225
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:226
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the fuse entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:227
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the galeon entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:228
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeon"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gbbiada entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:229
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB18030"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gbcdbc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:230
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB2312"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gbk entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:231
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the getmaildocumentation entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:232
msgid "http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/documentation.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thegplghostscripptpdfinterpreter entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:233 debian-reference.en.xmlt:665
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gitforcvsusers entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:234
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitcvs-migration.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gitforgnomedevelopers entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:235
msgid "http://live.gnome.org/GitForGnomeDevelopers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the git entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:236
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gitmagic entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:237
msgid "http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gitsvncrashcourse entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:238
msgid "http://git-scm.com/course/svn.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gitusersmanual entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:239
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the glyphs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:240
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnome entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:241
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnomestotemmediaplayer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:242
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_(media_player)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnuarch entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:243
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_arch"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnufreefont entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:244
msgid "http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/freefont/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnugettextbcommandtoolchain entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:245
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettext"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:246
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnulalrparsergenerator entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:247
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_bison"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnuprivacyguard entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:248 debian-reference.en.xmlt:249
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnutexmacs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:250
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gnuunifont entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:251
msgid "http://Unifoundry.com"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the strongpassword entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:252 debian-reference.en.xmlt:626
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the google entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:253
msgid "http://www.google.com"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the guidpartitiontablegpt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:254 debian-reference.en.xmlt:261
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gui entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:255 debian-reference.en.xmlt:262
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the graphicsinterchangeformatgif entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:256
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the grubbootloadersutefilesystemwell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:257
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/511121"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the grublegacy entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:258 debian-reference.en.xmlt:259
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the gstreamer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:260
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GStreamer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hal entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:263
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hanunification entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:264
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hanzibitmapfonthbffile entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:265
msgid "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/info/HBF-1.1/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hardlink entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:266
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_link"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hardwareassistedvirtualization entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:267
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:268
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the helvetica entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:269
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetica"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hexadecimal entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:270
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:271
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hfsplus entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:272
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS_Plus"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hig entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:273
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interface_guidelines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hostname entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:274
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hpuxbyhewlettpackard entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:275
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the html entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:276
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpbackportsorgdebian entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:277
msgid "http://backports.org/debian/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebianbugtrackingsystembts entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:278 debian-reference.en.xmlt:652
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpcookies entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:279
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpdickeyhiscomtermxtermfaqhtml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:280
msgid "http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.faq.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpenwikipediaorgwikisoftmodem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:281
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmodem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpenwikipediaowireless_drivers entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:282
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open_source_wireless_drivers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebianarchive entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:283 debian-reference.en.xmlt:651
msgid "http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hypertexttransferprotocol entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:284 debian-reference.en.xmlt:309
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httplinuxwirelessorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:285
msgid "http://linuxwireless.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httplocalhostgdb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:286
msgid "http://localhost:631/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpmadwifiprojectorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:287
msgid "http://madwifi-project.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpndiswrappersourceforgenet entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:288
msgid "http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httppackagesdebianorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:289
msgid "http://packages.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpsecuritydebianorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:290
msgid "http://security.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the https entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:291
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Https"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpsnapshotdebiannet entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:292
msgid "http://snapshot.debian.net/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httptldporg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:293
msgid "http://tldp.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httptugctanorgteisttextexbooktex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:294
msgid "http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpunifontorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:295
msgid "http://unifont.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:296
msgid "http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwikidebianoremvirtualization entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:297
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/SystemVirtualization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwikidebianorgalioth entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:298
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwikidebianorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:299
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwikipediaorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:300
msgid "http://wikipedia.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwchiarkgreguksgtathamputty entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:301
msgid "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwcygwincom entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:302
msgid "http://www.cygwin.com/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwgooglecomutfiqcgitutorial entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:304
msgid "http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=CGI+tutorial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwgreenendokcaabaeshellhtml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:305
msgid "http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2001/04/shell.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwmacsshcom entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:306
msgid "http://www.macssh.com/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:307
msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the httpwwwunixorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:308
msgid "http://www.unix.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the hzip entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:310
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Zip"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ieeeiacbb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:311 debian-reference.en.xmlt:314
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ibmmainframe entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:312
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ieeebdjefirewire entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:313
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394_interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the internetmessageaccessprotocol entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:315 debian-reference.en.xmlt:326
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:316
msgid "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/todo.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the incoming entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:317
msgid "http://incoming.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the infozip entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:318
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info-ZIP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the initrdinitramfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:319 debian-reference.en.xmlt:320
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the inode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:321
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the inputmethods entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:322 debian-reference.en.xmlt:323
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the installdebian entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:324
msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the internetprintingprotocol entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:327
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Printing_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the introductiontoibin entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:328
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ipaddress entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:329
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ip entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:330
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxiproutec entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:331 debian-reference.en.xmlt:385
msgid "http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Iproute2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the iproutecutilitysuitehowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:332
msgid "http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ipvenetwork entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:333
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the irix entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:334
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:335
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isdumpreallydeprecated entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:336
msgid "http://dump.sourceforge.net/isdumpdeprecated.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isoieccaccalsoknownasjisxacac entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:337 debian-reference.en.xmlt:340
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:338
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:339
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isoigab entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:341
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isoiifjbf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:342
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isoiifjb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:343
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isoiifjc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:344
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isoiifj entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:345
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isojgga entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:346
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the syslinux entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:347 debian-reference.en.xmlt:348 debian-reference.en.xmlt:634
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the isp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:349
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the jackaudioconnectionkitjack entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:350
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the java entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:351
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the javascript entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:352
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the javasoftwareplatform entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:353
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(software_platform)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the jfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:354
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_(file_system)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the jisxacbd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:355
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the jisxeaib entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:356
msgid "http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_4081"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the journalingfilesystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:357
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the jpeg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:358
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the karmic entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:359
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the kde entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:360
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the kibibyte entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:361
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the koiir entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:362
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOI8-R"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the konqueror entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:363
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konqueror"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the kornshell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:364
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the kvm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:365
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lalrparser entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:366
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LALR_parser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the localareanetworkslans entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:367 debian-reference.en.xmlt:396
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the latex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:368
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lba entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:369
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_block_addressing"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lightweightdireccessprotocolldap entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:370 debian-reference.en.xmlt:376
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:371
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_programming_tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lexicalanalyzer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:372
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the liberationfontsproject entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:373
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the library entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:374
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the libvirt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:375
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lilo entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:377
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILO_(boot_loader)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the links entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:379
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_(web_browser)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lint entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:380
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_programming_tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxcenathowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:381
msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxcepacketfilteringhowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:382
msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/packet-filtering-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxcontainers entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:383
msgid "http://lxc.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linux entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:384
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxkernelfromtepristinesources entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:386
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxkernel entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:387
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxnetworkadministratorsguide entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:388
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/nag2/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxnetworkingconceptshowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:389
msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/networking-concepts-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxnfshowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:390
msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/index.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxterminalserverproject entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:391
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the linuxusersguide entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:392
msgid "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide/user-beta-1.pdf.gz"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the livecds entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:393 debian-reference.en.xmlt:394
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the loadlin entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:395
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadlin"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the locale entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:397
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the local entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:398
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the localuserguidetotetexlatex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:399
msgid "http://supportweb.cs.bham.ac.uk/documentation/LaTeX/lguide/local-guide/local-guide.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the logicalvolumemanagerlvm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:400
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the loopdevice entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:401
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_device"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lrparser entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:402
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LR_parser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the luks entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:403
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lxde entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:404
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXDE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lynx entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:405
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lyx entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:406
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyx"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lzhh entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:407
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lzma entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:408
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Markov_chain_algorithm"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the lzo entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:409
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the macaddress entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:410
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the maciacbbapioflinux entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:411
msgid "http://linuxwireless.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the macro entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:412
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mailaddressconfieryanduseragents entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:413
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs#s-mail-transport-agents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the maildropfilterdocumentation entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:414
msgid "http://www.courier-mta.org/maildrop/maildropfilter.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mailheaderanalysis entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:415
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/DefaultMTA"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the make entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:416
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the managingaccuratedateandtimehowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:417
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TimePrecision-HOWTO/index.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mandatoryaccesscontrolmac entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:418
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the manpagegitb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:419
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the manyremotemirrorsites entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:420
msgid "http://www.debian.org/mirror/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mbr entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:421 debian-reference.en.xmlt:426
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the maximumsegmentsize entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:422
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_segment_size"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the maximumtransmissionunitmtu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:423
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mbox entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:424
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mbrbyneilturton entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:425
msgid "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mdf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:427
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mdns entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:428
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mercurial entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:429
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurial_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the microsoftalsoseelocalareanetwork entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:430
msgid "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/296250"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the microsoftwindows entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:431
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the midnightcommandermc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:432
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the multipurposeinteilextensionsmime entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:433 debian-reference.en.xmlt:453
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the minixfilesystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:434
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix_file_system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the modem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:435
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the modifytheinitscripts entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:436
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys#s9.3.2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mondorescue entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:437
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_Rescue"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the monotone entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:438
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mozillafirefox entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:439
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mozilla entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:440
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mozillathunderbird entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:441
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mpdmpd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:442
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mpegc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:443
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mpege entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:444
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mpeg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:445
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mplayer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:446
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPlayer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the msdos entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:448
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mswindowsiconsanndfrompngformats entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:449 debian-reference.en.xmlt:450
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(icon_image_file_format)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mswindowsnt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:451
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the multilingualizatelanguagesupport entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:452
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the multitasking entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:454
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the multiuser entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:455
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mutt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:456
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(e-mail_client)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the mysql entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:457
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nagios entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:458
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagios"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the namedpipe entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:459
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named_pipe"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the netfilteriptables entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:460 debian-reference.en.xmlt:461
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfilter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nettools entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:462
msgid "http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Net-tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the networkaddresstranslationnat entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:463
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the networkaudiosystemnas entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:464
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Audio_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the networkblockdevice entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:465
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_block_device"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the networkfirewall entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:466
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the networkmanagernm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:467 debian-reference.en.xmlt:468
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the newbie entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:469
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbie"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:470
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nirvana entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:471
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nis entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:472
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIS+"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nisoriginallycalledyp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:473
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Information_Service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nmap entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:474
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmap"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the normaldebianarchives entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:475
msgid "http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nssnameserviceswitch entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:476
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ntfsdg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:477
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ntfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:478
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ntp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:479
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ntppublicservicesproject entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:480
msgid "http://www.ntp.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the nullterminated entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:481
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ocaml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:482
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_Caml"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ocr entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:483
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the octal entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:484
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the oggvorbis entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:485
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openbsd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:486
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openldapsoftware entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:487
msgid "http://www.openldap.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the sunrpc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:488 debian-reference.en.xmlt:628
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openofficeorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:489
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openpgppublickeyserver entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:490
msgid "http://sourceforge.net/projects/pks/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openslp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:491
msgid "http://www.openslp.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the opensoundsystemoss entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:492
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openssh entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:493
msgid "http://www.openssh.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the opentype entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:494
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenType"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openvms entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:495
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the openvz entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:496
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:497
msgid "http://www.mynetwatchman.com/kb/ADSL/pppoemtu.htm"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the othergitresourcevailableontheweb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:498
msgid "http://git-scm.com/documentation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the outlookpstfiles entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:499
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Folders_(.pst)_file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the overviewoffathpfdntfsfilesystems entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:500
msgid "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100108/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pampluggableauthnticationmodules entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:501 debian-reference.en.xmlt:502
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pap entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:503
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_authentication_protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the parallels entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:504
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the passwordcracking entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:505
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pathmtupmtudiscovery entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:506
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_MTU_discovery"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pccard entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:507
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_card"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pciexpress entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:508
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pci entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:509
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the portabledocumentformatpdf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:510 debian-reference.en.xmlt:520
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:511
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Compatible_Regular_Expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the perlgolf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:512
msgid "http://perlgolf.sourceforge.net"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the perl entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:513
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the phonon entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:514
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the php entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:515
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:517
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_tunneling_protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the popcon entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:518
msgid "http://popcon.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the popd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:519
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the posix entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:521
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the postfixdocumentation entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:522
msgid "http://www.postfix.org/documentation.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the postfix entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:523
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the postgresql entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:524
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the postpoweronselftest entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:525
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ps entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:526 debian-reference.en.xmlt:527 debian-reference.en.xmlt:535
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pots entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:528
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ppp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:529
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pppoe entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:530
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol_over_Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the priorities entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:531
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-priorities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the procfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:532
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the proxyserver entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:533
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pseudotopleveldomain entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:534
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the pulseaudio entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:536
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the python entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:537
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the qcowcqcow entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:538
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qcow"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the qemu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:539
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the qmailstylemaildir entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:540
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the qt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:541
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the quicktimemov entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:542
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickTime"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the quotedprintable entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:543
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the racecondition entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:544
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the radix entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:545
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the raid entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:546
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rcshell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:547
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rcs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:548
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_Control_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the readonlymemoryrom entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:549
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the redhatlinux entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:550
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the regularexpressions entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:551
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the reisere entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:552
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the reiserfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:553
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiserfs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the releasenotes entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:554
msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcbbjb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:555
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1191"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcbdcb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:556
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcbjbi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:557
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcbjdj entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:558
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfccaef entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:559
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfccdjg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:560
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcceej entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:561
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2449"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfccgag entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:562
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2606"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfccgbg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:563
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfccicb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:564
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2821"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcciccupdatedrfcicc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:565 debian-reference.en.xmlt:566
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcdfab entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:567
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfceeaj entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:568
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4409"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcejfe entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:569
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcibj entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:570
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc819"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcicb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:571
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcicc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:572
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rfcs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:573
msgid "http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the roff entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:574
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roff"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rootkit entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:575
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the rtbb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:576
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ruby entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:577
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the runlevels entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:578 debian-reference.en.xmlt:579
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ruteuserstutorialandexposition entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:580
msgid "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=rutebook"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the secureattentionkeysak entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:581 debian-reference.en.xmlt:588
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_attention_key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the samba entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:582
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the svgscalablevectorgraphics entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:583 debian-reference.en.xmlt:631
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the scribus entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:584
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribus"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the scsi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:585
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the sections entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:586
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-subsections"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the secureapt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:587
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ssh entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:589 debian-reference.en.xmlt:590 debian-reference.en.xmlt:617
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the securingdebianmanual entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:591
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the securitydebianarchives entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:592
msgid "http://security.debian.org/dists/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the securityenhancedlinuxselinux entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:593
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the securityupdates entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:594
msgid "http://www.debian.org/security/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the smb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:595 debian-reference.en.xmlt:607 debian-reference.en.xmlt:608
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the servicesetidentifier entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:596
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_identifier"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the sgml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:597
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the shell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:598
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the shellscript entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:599
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the shiftjis entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:600 debian-reference.en.xmlt:601
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the shorewall entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:602 debian-reference.en.xmlt:603
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorewall"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the slp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:604
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_Location_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the smartcommoninputmethodscim entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:605
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Common_Input_Method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the smart entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:606
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the smtpauth entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:609
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP-AUTH"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the smtp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:610
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the snort entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:611
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snort_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the softmac entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:612
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftMAC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the solarisbysunmicrosystems entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:613
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the somemailwasnotdownloaded entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:614
msgid "http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13291&amp;topic=1555"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the sparsefile entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:615
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the spoofingtheuseragentstring entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:616
msgid "http://www.mozilla.org/unix/customizing.html#prefs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the transportlayerseesocketslayerssl entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:618 debian-reference.en.xmlt:619 debian-reference.en.xmlt:620 debian-reference.en.xmlt:685 debian-reference.en.xmlt:687 debian-reference.en.xmlt:688
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the standaloneshell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:621
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the standardgeneralirkuplanguagesgml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:622
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the statefulfirewall entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:623
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the staticcodeanalysis entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:624
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the steganographic entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:625
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the subversion entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:627
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the superserver entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:629
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the superuser entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:630
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the symboliclinkorsymlink entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:632
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the sysfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:633
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysfs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the systemv entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:635
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the systemvprintercommands entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:636
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V_printing_system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcl entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:637
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcpdump entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:638
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:639
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcpip entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:640
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcpipnetwork entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:641
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcptuningguide entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:642
msgid "http://dsd.lbl.gov/TCP-tuning/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcptuning entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:643
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_tuning"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tcpwrapper entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:644
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Wrapper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the telnet entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:645
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TELNET"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tenexcshell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:646
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcsh"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:647
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the texlive entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:648
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thecablemodem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:650
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebiandevelmailinglist entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:653
msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:655
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-ftparchives"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedebianusermailinglist entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:658
msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thedslmodem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:660
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_modem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theextensiblemarkuplanguagexml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:661
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theextensiblestysheetlanguagexsl entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:662
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thefutureofthebootsystemindebian entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:663
msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/09/msg00003.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thegoodsecuritywththeperformance entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:664
msgid "http://www.infodrom.org/~joey/Writing/Linux-Journal/secure-apt/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theinternetsocket entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:666
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_socket"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theinterprocesscommunicationipc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:667
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:668
msgid "http://ftp-master.debian.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theldpxwindowuserhowto entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:669
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thelempelzivwelcsdatacompression entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:670
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Welch"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:671
msgid "http://www.debian.org/mirror/list"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theofficialsambandreferenceguide entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:672
msgid "http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theopticalnetworkterminalont entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:673
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTTP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thepackageshortdiptionconvention entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:674
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/best-pkging-practices#bpp-desc-basics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thepenguinandunicode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:675
msgid "http://unifont.org/iuc27/html/ICUPresentation.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:676
msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:677
msgid "http://www.unix.org/version2/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:678
msgid "http://www.unix.org/version3/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the thetetexhowtothextetexlocalguide entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:679
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TeTeX-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theubuntuarchive entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:680
msgid "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theudevsystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:681
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the theunixdomainsocket entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:682
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the timesnewroman entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:683 debian-reference.en.xmlt:684
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Roman"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the topleveldomaintld entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:686
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the treregexlibrary entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:689
msgid "http://www.laurikari.net/tre/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the troff entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:690
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troff"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the truetype entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:691
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the tuntap entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:692
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUN/TAP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the ubuntu entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:693
msgid "http://www.ubuntu.com/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the writingudevrules entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:694 debian-reference.en.xmlt:755
msgid "http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the udf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:695
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the udp entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:696
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the uim entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:697
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uim"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the unbranded entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:698
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation_software_rebranded_by_the_Debian_project"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the unicode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:699
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the universalcharactunicodeisobagegb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:700
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Character_Set"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the unix entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:701
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the unixvariants entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:702 debian-reference.en.xmlt:704
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the unixsccs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:703
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Code_Control_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the uri entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:705
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the url entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:706
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the urw entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:707
msgid "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/urw.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the usb entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:708
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the usbstorage entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:709
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the usermodelinux entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:710
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-mode_Linux"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the utfbgucsc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:711
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16/UCS-2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the utfdcucse entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:712
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32/UCS-4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the utfi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:713
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the utgmt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:714
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the uuencode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:715
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencoding"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the uuid entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:716
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_Unique_Identifier"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vdi entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:717
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox#Virtual_Desktop_Image"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the versioncontrolsystemsvcs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:718
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vim entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:720
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the virtualbox entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:721
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the virtualboxusermanual entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:722
msgid "http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the virtualboxusermanualpdf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:723
msgid "http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/UserManual.pdf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the virtualization entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:724
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the virtualmachinemanager entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:725
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vlcmediaplayer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:726
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vmdk entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:727
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the volatiledebianarchives entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:728
msgid "http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vpc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:730
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_(file_format)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vpn entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:731
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the vtbaalike entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:732
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wan entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:733
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the watchdogtimer entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:734
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchdog_timer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wavelan entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:735
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveLAN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wdm entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:736
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the webbrowser entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:737
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Browsers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the webwmlproject entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:738
msgid "http://alioth.debian.org/projects/webwml/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the whatisxlink entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:739
msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/09/xlink/index.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the whatisxml entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:740
msgid "http://www.xml.com/pub/a/98/10/guide0.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the whatisxslfo entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:741
msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2002/03/20/xsl-fo.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the whatisxslt entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:742
msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/08/holman/index.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wicd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:743
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicd_(Linux_Network_Manager)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wifiprotectedaccessc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:744
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11i"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wifiprotectedaccess entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:745
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the windowmanagersforx entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:746
msgid "http://www.xwinman.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the windowsmediavideowmv entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:747
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wine entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:748
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_(software)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wiredequivalentprivacy entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:749
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wirelessaccesspointsaps entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:750
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wirelesslanwlanforshort entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:751
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wireshark entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:752
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wordprocessingusinglatex entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:753
msgid "http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/latex_basic/latex_basic.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the workaroundtransiroblemsofxserver entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:754
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/XStrikeForce/InputHotplugGuide"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the wysiwyg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:756
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xbbpcfbitmapfontfiles entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:757
msgid "http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/pcf-format.html"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xdmcpconnection entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:758 debian-reference.en.xmlt:759
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xemacs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:760
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEmacs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xfce entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:761
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xfs entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:762
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xft entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:763
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xft"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xwindowsystem entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:764 debian-reference.en.xmlt:773
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xine entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:765
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xine"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xlogicalfontdescriptionxlfd entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:766
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_logical_font_description"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xmlcom entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:767
msgid "http://xml.com/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xorg entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:768
msgid "http://www.x.org/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xrenderingextension entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:769
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRender"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xsession entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:770
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xttcidfontconf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:771
msgid "http://packages.debian.org/sid/x-ttcidfont-conf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xwindowmanager entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:772
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the xxencode entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:774
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xxencode"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the yacc entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:775
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the yahoo entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:776
msgid "http://www.yahoo.com/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the zeroconf entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:777
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of the zshell entity
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:778
msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:780
msgid "en"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:782
msgid "Debian Reference"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:783
msgid ""
"<author> <firstname>Osamu</firstname> <surname>Aoki</surname> </author> "
"<authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:789
msgid ""
"This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms "
"of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian "
"Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><copyright><holder>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:793
msgid "Osamu Aoki"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:796
msgid ""
"This Debian Reference (v2) (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad "
"overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It covers "
"many aspects of system administration through shell-command examples for "
"non-developers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:800
msgid "Preface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:801
msgid ""
"This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian Reference (version "
"2)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian "
"system administration as a post-installation user guide."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:802
msgid ""
"The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who "
"is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the <ulink "
"url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> system works."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:804
msgid "Disclaimer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:805
msgid ""
"All warranties are disclaimed.  All trademarks are property of their "
"respective trademark owners."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:806
msgid ""
"The Debian system itself is a moving target.  This makes its documentation "
"difficult to be current and correct.  Although the current unstable version "
"of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may "
"be already outdated by the time you read this."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:807
msgid ""
"Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does "
"not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not "
"take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in "
"this document."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:810
msgid "What is Debian"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:811
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian Project</ulink> is an association "
"of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating "
"system.  It's distribution is characterized by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:815
msgid ""
"Commitment to the software freedom: <ulink "
"url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian Social Contract and Debian "
"Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:820
msgid ""
"Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: <ulink "
"url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:825
msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:830
msgid "Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:835
msgid ""
"Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with <literal>unstable</literal> "
"and <literal>testing</literal> archives"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:840
msgid "Large number of supported hardware architectures"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:844
msgid ""
"Free Software pieces in Debian come from <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan "
"9</ulink> and many more independent free software projects.  Debian "
"integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:847
msgid "About this document"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:849
msgid "Guiding rules"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:850
msgid "Following guiding rules are followed while compiling this document."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:854
msgid ""
"Provide overview and skip corner cases. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big "
"Picture</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:859
msgid "Keep It Short and Simple. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:864
msgid ""
"Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to <emphasis role=\"strong\">the "
"existing references</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:869
msgid ""
"Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell "
"examples</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:874
msgid "Be objective. (Use <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:879
msgid "I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:883
msgid "Prerequisites"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:885
msgid ""
"You are expected to make good efforts to seek answers by yourself beyond "
"this documentation.  This document only gives efficient starting points."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:887
msgid "You must seek solution by yourself from primary sources."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:891
msgid ""
"The Debian site at <ulink "
"url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> for the general "
"information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:896
msgid ""
"The documentation under the "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\" directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:901
msgid ""
"The Unix style <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg "
"-L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:906
msgid ""
"The GNU style <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: "
"\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:911
msgid ""
"The bug report: <ulink "
"url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:916
msgid ""
"The Debian Wiki at <ulink "
"url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink> for the moving "
"and specific topics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:921
msgid ""
"The HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at <ulink "
"url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:926
msgid ""
"The Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group's The UNIX System Home "
"Page at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:931
msgid ""
"The free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at <ulink "
"url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:936
msgid ""
"For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding "
"documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" as its suffix."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:940
msgid "Conventions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:941
msgid ""
"This document provides information through the following simplified "
"presentation style with <literal>bash</literal>(1) shell command examples."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:942
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# &lt;command in root account&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;command in user account&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:944
msgid ""
"These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set "
"environment variables as: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\".  These values are chosen for the sake of "
"readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:946
msgid ""
"See the meaning of the \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>$PS2</literal>\" environment variables in "
"<literal>bash</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:948
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Action</emphasis> required by the system "
"administrator is written in the imperative sentence, e.g. \"Type Enter-key "
"after typing each command string to the shell.\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:949
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">description</emphasis> column and similar ones "
"in the table may contain a <emphasis role=\"strong\">noun phrase</emphasis> "
"following <ulink url=\"&thepackageshortdiptionconvention;\">the package "
"short description convention</ulink> which drops leading articles such as "
"\"a\" and \"the\".  They may alternatively contain an infinitive phrase as a "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">noun phrase</emphasis> without leading \"to\" "
"following the short command description convention in manpages.  These may "
"look funny to some people but are my intentional choices of style to keep "
"this documentation as simple as possible.  These <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">Noun phrases</emphasis> do not capitalize their starting nor "
"end with periods following these short description convention."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:951
msgid ""
"Proper nouns including command names keeps their case irrespective of their "
"location."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:953
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command snippet</emphasis> quoted in a text "
"paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, "
"such as \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:954
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">text data</emphasis> from a configuration file "
"quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double "
"quotation marks, such as \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:955
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> is referred by its name in "
"the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in "
"parenthesis, such as <literal>bash</literal>(1).  You are encouraged to "
"obtain information by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:956
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 1 bash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:957
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> is referred by its name in "
"the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, "
"such as <literal>sources.list</literal>(5).  You are encouraged to obtain "
"information by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:958
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 5 sources.list"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:959
msgid ""
"An <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis> is referred by its command "
"snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "
"\"<literal>info make</literal>\".  You are encouraged to obtain information "
"by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:960
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ info make"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:961
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">filename</emphasis> is referred by the "
"typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "
"\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\".  For configuration files, you are "
"encouraged to obtain information by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:962
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:963
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the "
"typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "
"\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\".  You are encouraged to explore its "
"contents by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:964
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:965
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">package name</emphasis> is referred by its name "
"in the typewriter font, such as <literal>vim</literal>.  You are encouraged "
"to obtain information by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:966
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:969
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its "
"location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation "
"marks, such as "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"; or "
"by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as <ulink "
"url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>.  You are "
"encouraged to read the documentation by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:970
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:973
msgid ""
"An <emphasis role=\"strong\">environment variable</emphasis> is referred by "
"its name with leading \"<literal>$</literal>\" in the typewriter font "
"between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\".  You "
"are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:974
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo \"$TERM\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:977
msgid "Debian BTS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:978
msgid ""
"Astarisk \"*\" placed right after each package name is linked to <ulink "
"url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian bug tracking system "
"(BTS)</ulink> of each package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:981
msgid "The popcon"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:982
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> data is presented as the "
"objective measure for the popularity of each package.  It was downloaded on "
"&pop-date; and contains the total submission of &pop-submissions; reports "
"over &pop-packages; binary packages and &pop-architectures; architectures."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:984
msgid ""
"Please note that the <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive contains only &all-packages; packages currently.  The popcon data "
"contains reports from many old system installations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:986
msgid ""
"The popcon number preceded with \"V:\" for \"votes\" is calculated by \"100 "
"* (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the "
"total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:987
msgid ""
"The popcon number preceded with \"I:\" for \"installs\" is calculated by "
"\"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the "
"total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:989
msgid ""
"The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the "
"importance of packages.  There are many factors which can skew statistics.  "
"For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories "
"such as \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" "
"option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled \"vote\" "
"from such system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:993
msgid "The package size"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:994
msgid ""
"The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each "
"package.  It is based on the \"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\" reported "
"by \"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\" or \"<literal>aptitude "
"show</literal>\" command (currently on <literal>&arch;</literal> "
"architecture for the <literal>unstable</literal> release).  The reported "
"size is in KiB (<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = unit for 1024 "
"bytes)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:996
msgid ""
"A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package "
"in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is a dummy package which installs "
"other packages with significant contents by the dependency.  The dummy "
"package enables a smooth transition or split of the package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:999
msgid ""
"A package size followed by \"(*)\" indicates that the package in the "
"<literal>unstable</literal> release is missing and the package size for the "
"<literal>experimental</literal> release is used instead."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1003
msgid "Bug reports on this document"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1004
msgid ""
"Please file bug reports on the <literal>debian-reference</literal> package "
"using <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) if you find any issues on this "
"document. Please include correction suggestion by \"<literal>diff "
"-u</literal>\" to the plain text version or to the source."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1008
msgid "Some quotes for new users"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1009
msgid ""
"Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help "
"enlighten new users."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1013
msgid ""
"\"This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" --- Miquel van "
"Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1018
msgid ""
"\"Unix IS user friendly… It's just selective about who its friends are.\" "
"--- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1025
msgid "GNU/Linux tutorials"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1026
msgid ""
"I think learning a computer system is like learning a new foreign language.  "
"Although tutorial books and documentation are helpful, you have to practice "
"it yourself.  In order to help you get started smoothly, I elaborate a few "
"basic points."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1027
msgid ""
"The powerful design of <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> comes from "
"the <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> operating system, i.e., a <ulink "
"url=\"&multiuser;\">multiuser</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&multitasking;\">multitasking</ulink> operating system.  You must "
"learn to take advantage of the power of these features and similarities "
"between Unix and GNU/Linux."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1028
msgid ""
"Don't shy away from Unix oriented texts and don't rely solely on GNU/Linux "
"texts, as this robs you of much useful information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1029
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Rute User's Tutorial and "
"Exposition</ulink>\", in the Debian non-free archive as the "
"<literal>rutebook</literal> package (popcon: &pop-rutebook;), provides a "
"good online resource to the generic system administration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1031
msgid ""
"If you have been using any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> "
"system for a while with command line tools, you probably know everything I "
"explain here.  Please use this as a reality check and refresher."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1034
msgid "Console basics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1036
msgid "The shell prompt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1037
msgid ""
"Upon starting the system, you are presented with the character based login "
"screen if you did not install <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window "
"System</ulink> with the display manager such as "
"<literal>gdm</literal>. Suppose your hostname is <literal>foo</literal>, the "
"login prompt looks as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1038
#, no-wrap
msgid "foo login:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1039
msgid ""
"If you did install a <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> environment such as "
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, "
"then you can get to a login prompt by Ctrl-Alt-F1, and you can return to the "
"GUI environment via Alt-F7 (see <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> below "
"for more)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1040
msgid ""
"At the login prompt, you type your username, "
"e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, and press the Enter-key, then type your "
"password and press the Enter-key again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1042
msgid ""
"Following the Unix tradition, the username and password of the Debian system "
"are case sensitive.  The username is usually chosen only from the "
"lowercase.  The first user account is usually created during the "
"installation.  Additional user accounts can be created with "
"<literal>adduser</literal>(8) by root."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1044
msgid ""
"The system starts with the greeting message stored in "
"\"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" (Message Of The Day) and presents a command "
"prompt."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1045
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
"Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1058
msgid ""
"Here, the main part of the greeting message can be customized by editing the "
"\"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\" file. The first line is generated from "
"the system information using \"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1059
msgid ""
"Now you are in the <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink>. The shell "
"interprets your commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1062
msgid "The shell prompt under X"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1063
msgid ""
"If you installed <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with "
"a display manager such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s "
"<literal>gdm</literal> by selecting \"Desktop environment\" task during the "
"installation, you are presented with the graphical login screen upon "
"starting your system.  You type your username and your password to login to "
"the non-privileged user account.  Use tab to navigate between username and "
"password, or use the mouse and primary click."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1064
msgid ""
"You can gain the shell prompt under X by starting a "
"<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> program such as "
"<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) or "
"<literal>xterm</literal>(1).  Under the GNOME Desktop environment, clicking "
"\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\" does the trick."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1065
msgid "You can also see the section below <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1066
msgid ""
"Under some other Desktop systems (like <literal>fluxbox</literal>), there "
"may be no obvious starting point for the menu.  If this happens, just try "
"(right) clicking the center of the screen and hope for a menu to pop-up."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1069
msgid "The root account"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1070
msgid ""
"The root account is also called <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superuser</ulink> "
"or privileged user.  From this account, you can perform the following system "
"administration tasks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1074
msgid ""
"Read, write, and remove any files on the system irrespective of their file "
"permissions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1079
msgid "Set file ownership and permissions of any files on the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1084
msgid "Set the password of any non-privileged users on the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1089
msgid "Login to any accounts without their passwords"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1093
msgid ""
"This unlimited power of root account requires you to be considerate and "
"responsible when using it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1095
msgid "Never share the root password with others."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1098
msgid ""
"File permissions of a file (including hardware devices such as CD-ROM "
"etc. which are just another file for the Debian system) may render it "
"unusable or inaccessible by non-root users.  Although the use of root "
"account is a quick way to test this kind of situation, its resolution should "
"be done through proper setting of file permissions and user's group "
"membership (see <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1102
msgid "The root shell prompt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1103
msgid ""
"Here are a few basic methods to gain the root shell prompt by using the root "
"password."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1107
msgid "Type <literal>root</literal> at the character based login prompt."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1112
msgid ""
"Click \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\", under the "
"GNOME Desktop environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1117
msgid "Type \"<literal>su -l</literal>\" from any user shell prompt."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1122
msgid "This does not preserve the environment of the current user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1129
msgid "Type \"<literal>su</literal>\" from any user shell prompt."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1134
msgid "This preserves some of the environment of the current user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1142
msgid "GUI system administration tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1143
msgid ""
"When your desktop menu does not start GUI system administration tools "
"automatically with the appropriate privilege, you can start them from the "
"root shell prompt of the X terminal emulator, such as "
"<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1), or "
"<literal>xterm</literal>(1). See <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> "
"and <xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1145
msgid ""
"Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing "
"in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as "
"<literal>gdm</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1148
msgid ""
"Never run untrusted remote GUI program under X Window when critical "
"information is displayed since it may eavesdrop your X screen."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1152
msgid "Virtual consoles"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1153
msgid ""
"In the default Debian system, there are six switchable <ulink "
"url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100-like</ulink> character consoles available to start "
"the command shell directly on the Linux host.  Unless you are in a GUI "
"environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the "
"<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> and one of the <literal>F1</literal> — "
"<literal>F6</literal> keys simultaneously.  Each character console allows "
"independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment.  This "
"multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1154
msgid ""
"If you are under the X Window System, you gain access to the character "
"console 1 by pressing <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal> key, i.e., the "
"<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-key</literal>, and "
"the <literal>F1-key</literal> are pressed together.  You can get back to the "
"X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing "
"<literal>Alt-F7</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1155
msgid ""
"You can alternatively change to another virtual console, e.g. to the console "
"1, from the commandline."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1156
#, no-wrap
msgid "# chvt 1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1159
msgid "How to leave the command prompt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1160
msgid ""
"You type <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, i.e., the "
"<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal> and the <literal>d-key</literal> pressed "
"together, at the command prompt to close the shell activity.  If you are at "
"the character console, you return to the login prompt with this.  Even "
"though these control characters are referred as \"control D\" with the upper "
"case, you do not need to press the Shift-key. The short hand expression, "
"<literal>^D</literal>, is also used for <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>.  "
"Alternately, you can type \"exit\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1161
msgid ""
"If you are at <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1), you can close "
"<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> window with this."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1164
msgid "How to shutdown the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1165
msgid ""
"Just like any other modern OS where the file operation involves <ulink "
"url=\"&cachingdata;\">caching data</ulink> in memory for improved "
"performance, the Debian system needs the proper shutdown procedure before "
"power can safely be turned off. This is to maintain the integrity of files, "
"by forcing all changes in memory to be written to disk. If the software "
"power control is available, the shutdown procedure automatically turns off "
"power of the system. (Otherwise, you may have to press power button for few "
"seconds after the shutdown procedure.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1166
msgid ""
"You can shutdown the system under the normal multiuser mode from the "
"commandline."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1167
#, no-wrap
msgid "# shutdown -h now"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1168
msgid "You can shutdown the system under the single-user mode from the commandline."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid "# poweroff -i -f"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1170
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you may type <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal> (The "
"<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>, and "
"the <literal>Delete</literal> are pressed together) to shutdown if "
"\"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" contains "
"\"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\" in "
"it.  See <literal>inittab</literal>(5) for details."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1171
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_remote_system_on_ssh\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1174
msgid "Recovering a sane console"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1175
msgid ""
"When the screen goes berserk after doing some funny things such as "
"\"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\", type "
"\"<literal>reset</literal>\" at the command prompt. You may not be able to "
"see the command echoed as you type.  You may also issue "
"\"<literal>clear</literal>\" to clean up the screen."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1178
msgid "Additional package suggestions for the newbie"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1179
msgid ""
"Although even the minimal installation of the Debian system without any "
"desktop environment tasks provides the basic Unix functionality, it is a "
"good idea to install few additional commandline and curses based character "
"terminal packages such as <literal>mc</literal> and <literal>vim</literal> "
"with <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) for beginners to get started by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1180
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# aptitude update\n"
" ...\n"
"# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1184
msgid "If you already had these packages installed, no new packages are installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1186
msgid "List of interesting text-mode program packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1195 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1287 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2666 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5050 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8704 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9063 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10123 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10193 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10744 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13672 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13826 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14018 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14112 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14603 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14693 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14802 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14956 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15083 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15185 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15668 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15860 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16408 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16820 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17366 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17654 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17950 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18318 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18574 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18912 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18972 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19035 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19183 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19506 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19684 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20425 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20520 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20743 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21073 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21250 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21489 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21954 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22185 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22541 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22909 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23461 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23567 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23615 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23678 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23945 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24453 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24786 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25773 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25979 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26463 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26630 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26969 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27067 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27171 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27324 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27386 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27521 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27764 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27902 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27982 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28089 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28604 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28663 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29607 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29681 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30138 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30231 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30354 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30520
msgid "package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1198 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1290 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2669 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5053 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8707 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9066 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10126 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10196 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10747 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11074 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13323 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13586 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13675 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13829 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14021 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14115 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14606 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14696 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14805 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14959 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15086 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15188 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15671 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15863 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16159 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16411 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16823 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16961 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17090 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17369 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17657 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17953 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18321 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18577 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18915 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18975 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19038 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19186 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19509 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19687 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20428 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20523 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20746 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21076 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21253 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21492 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21957 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22188 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22544 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22912 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23464 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23570 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23618 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23681 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23948 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24456 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24789 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25776 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25982 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26466 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26633 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26972 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27070 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27174 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27327 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27389 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27524 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27767 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27905 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27985 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28092 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28607 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28666 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29610 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29684 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30141 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30234 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30357 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30523
msgid "popcon"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1201 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1293 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2672 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5056 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8710 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9069 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10129 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10199 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10750 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11077 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13326 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13589 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13678 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13832 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14024 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14118 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14609 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14699 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14808 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14962 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15089 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15191 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15674 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15866 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16162 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16414 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16826 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16964 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17093 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17956 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18324 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18580 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18918 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18978 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19041 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19189 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19512 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19690 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20431 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20526 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20749 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20993 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21079 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21256 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21495 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21960 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22191 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22547 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22915 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23467 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23573 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23621 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23684 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23951 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24459 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24792 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25779 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25985 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26469 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26636 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26975 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27073 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27177 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27330 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27392 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27527 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27770 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27908 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27988 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28095 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28610 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28669 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29613 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29687 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30144 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30237 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30360 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30526
msgid "size"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1204 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1296 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2678 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3075 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4128 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4273 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5059 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6037 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6204 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8713 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9075 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9778 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10202 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10753 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11083 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12678 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13150 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13329 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13592 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13838 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14027 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14478 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14702 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14811 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14968 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15095 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15197 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15272 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15475 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15680 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15872 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16071 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16165 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16330 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16829 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17378 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17666 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18327 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18583 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18981 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19047 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19192 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19515 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19693 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20434 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20529 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20752 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21082 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21259 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21498 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22550 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22918 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23470 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23576 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23624 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23687 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23954 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24067 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24271 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24462 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25782 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25991 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26642 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26981 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27079 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27183 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27336 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27395 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27533 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27776 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27914 debian-reference.en.xmlt:27994 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28101 debian-reference.en.xmlt:28616 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29616 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29690 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29877 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30147 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30240 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30363 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30532
msgid "description"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1210 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1211 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1212 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1218 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1219 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1220 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1226 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1227 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1228 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1234 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1235 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1236 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1242 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1243 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1244 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1250 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1251 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1252 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1258 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1259 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1260 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1266 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1267 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1268 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1302 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1303 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1304 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1310 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1311 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1312 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1318 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1319 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1320 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1326 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1327 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1328 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1334 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1335 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1336 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1342 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1343 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1344 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1350 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1351 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1352 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1358 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1359 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1360 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1366 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1367 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1368 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1374 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1375 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1376 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2684 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2685 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2686 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2694 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2695 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2696 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2703 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2704 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2705 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2714 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2715 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2716 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2724 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2725 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2726 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2735 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2736 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2737 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2745 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2746 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2747 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2755 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2756 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2757 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2766 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2767 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2768 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2777 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2778 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2779 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5065 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5066 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5067 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5073 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5074 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5075 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5081 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5082 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5083 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5089 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5090 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5091 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5097 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5098 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5099 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5105 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5106 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5107 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5113 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5114 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5115 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5121 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5122 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5123 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5129 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5130 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5131 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5137 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5138 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5139 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5145 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5146 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5147 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5153 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5154 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5155 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5161 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5162 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5163 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8719 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8720 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8721 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8727 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8728 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8729 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8735 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8736 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8737 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8743 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8744 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8745 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8751 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8752 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8753 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9084 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9085 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9086 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9098 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9099 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9100 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9112 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9113 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9114 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9126 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9127 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9128 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9140 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9141 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9142 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9154 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9155 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9156 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9168 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9169 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9170 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9182 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9183 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9184 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10141 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10142 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10143 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10152 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10153 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10154 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10208 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10209 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10210 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10216 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10217 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10218 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10224 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10225 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10226 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10232 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10233 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10234 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10240 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10241 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10242 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10248 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10249 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10250 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10256 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10257 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10258 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10264 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10265 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10266 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10272 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10273 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10274 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10280 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10281 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10282 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10759 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10760 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10761 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10767 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10768 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10769 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10775 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10776 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10777 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10783 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10784 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10785 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11089 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11090 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11091 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11100 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11101 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11102 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11111 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11112 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11113 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11122 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11123 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11124 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11133 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11134 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11135 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11144 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11145 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11146 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11155 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11156 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11157 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11166 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11167 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11168 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11176 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11177 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11178 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11186 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11187 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11188 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11196 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11197 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11198 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11207 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11208 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11209 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11218 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11219 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11220 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11228 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11229 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11230 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11239 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11240 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11241 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11250 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11251 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11252 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11261 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11262 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11263 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11272 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11273 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11274 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11283 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11284 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11285 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11294 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11295 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11296 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11305 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11306 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11307 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11316 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11317 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11318 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11327 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11328 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11329 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11338 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11339 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11340 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11349 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11350 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11351 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11360 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11361 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11362 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11371 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11372 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11373 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11382 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11383 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debian-reference.en.xmlt:30262 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30263 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30264 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30270 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30271 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30272 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30278 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30279 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30280 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30286 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30287 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30288 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30294 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30295 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30296 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30302 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30303 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30304 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30310 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30311 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30312 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30369 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30370 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30371 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30377 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30378 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30379 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30385 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30386 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30387 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30538 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30539 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30540 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30549 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30550 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30551 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30560 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30561 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30562 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30571 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30572 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30573
msgid "DUMMY"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1214
msgid "A text-mode full-screen file manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1222
msgid "A program to allow limited root privileges to users"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1230
msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (standard version)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1238
msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (compact version)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1246
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 22)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1254
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 23)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1262
msgid "Text-mode WWW browsers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1270
msgid "The Unix style cut-and-paste on the text console (daemon)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1276
msgid "It may be a good idea to read some informative documentations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1278
msgid "List of informative documentation packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1306
msgid "Debian Project documentation, (Debian FAQ) and other documents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1314
msgid "Debian Policy Manual and related documents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1322
msgid "Guidelines and information for Debian developers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1330
msgid "Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1338
msgid "History of the Debian Project"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1346
msgid "Debian FAQ"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1354
msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (text)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1362
msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (html)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1370
msgid "The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1378
msgid "Linux: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition (non-free)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1384
msgid "You can install some of these packages by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1385
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude install package_name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1388
msgid "An extra user account"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1389
msgid ""
"If you do not want to use your main user account for the following training "
"activities, you can create a training user account, "
"e.g. <literal>fish</literal> by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1390
#, no-wrap
msgid "# adduser fish"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1391
msgid "Answer all questions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1392
msgid ""
"This creates a new account named as <literal>fish</literal>.  After your "
"practice, you can remove this user account and its home directory by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1393
#, no-wrap
msgid "# deluser --remove-home fish"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1396
msgid "sudo configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1397
msgid ""
"For the typical single user workstation such as the desktop Debian system on "
"the laptop PC, it is common to deploy simple configuration of "
"<literal>sudo</literal>(8) as follows to let the non-privileged user, "
"e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege just with "
"his user password but without the root password."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1398
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1399
msgid ""
"This trick should only be used for the single user workstation which you "
"administer and where you are the only user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1401
msgid ""
"Do not set up accounts of regular users on multiuser workstation like this "
"because it would be very bad for system security."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1404
msgid ""
"The password and the account of the <literal>penguin</literal> in the above "
"example requires as much protection as the root password and the root "
"account."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1407
msgid ""
"Administrative privilege in this context belongs to someone authorized to "
"perform the system administration task on the workstation.  Never give some "
"manager in the Admin department of your company or your boss such privilege "
"unless they are authorized and capable."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1410
msgid ""
"For providing access privilege to limited devices and limited files, you "
"should consider to use <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> to provide "
"limited access instead of using the <literal>root</literal> privilege via "
"<literal>sudo</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1413
msgid ""
"With more thoughtful and careful configuration, <literal>sudo</literal>(8) "
"can grant limited administrative privileges to other users on a shared "
"system without sharing the root password.  This can help with accountability "
"with hosts with multiple administrators so you can tell who did what.  On "
"the other hand, you might not want anyone else to have such privileges."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1417
msgid "Play time"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1418
msgid ""
"Now you are ready to play with the Debian system without risks as long as "
"you use the non-privileged user account."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1419
msgid ""
"This is because the Debian system is, even after the default installation, "
"configured with proper file permissions which prevent non-privileged users "
"from damaging the system.  Of course, there may still be some holes which "
"can be exploited but those who worry about these issues should not be "
"reading this section but should be reading <ulink "
"url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1420
msgid ""
"We learn the Debian system as a <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> "
"system with the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1423
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (basic concept)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1427
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (survival method)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1431
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (basic method)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1435
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell mechanism)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1439
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (text processing method)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1446
msgid "Unix-like filesystem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1447
msgid ""
"In GNU/Linux and other <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> operating "
"systems, <ulink url=\"&files;\">files</ulink> are organized into <ulink "
"url=\"&directories;\">directories</ulink>.  All files and directories are "
"arranged in one big tree rooted at \"<literal>/</literal>\". It's called a "
"tree because if you draw the filesystem, it looks like a tree but it is "
"upside down."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1448
msgid ""
"These files and directories can be spread out over several "
"devices. <literal>mount</literal>(8) serves to attach the filesystem found "
"on some device to the big file tree.  Conversely, "
"<literal>umount</literal>(8) detaches it again.  On recent Linux kernels, "
"<literal>mount</literal>(8) with some options can bind part of a file tree "
"somewhere else or can mount filesystem as shared, private, slave, or "
"unbindable.  Supported mount options for each filesystem are available in "
"\"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1449
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Directories</emphasis> on Unix systems are called "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">folders</emphasis> on some other systems.  Please "
"also note that there is no concept for <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">drive</emphasis> such as \"<literal>A:</literal>\" on any "
"Unix system.  There is one filesystem, and everything is included. This is a "
"huge advantage compared to Windows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1451
msgid "Unix file basics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1452
msgid "Here are some Unix file basics."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1456
msgid ""
"Filenames are <emphasis role=\"strong\">case sensitive</emphasis>.  That is, "
"\"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" and \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" are "
"different files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1461
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">root directory</emphasis> means root of the "
"filesystem referred as simply \"<literal>/</literal>\".  Don't confuse this "
"with the home directory for the root user: \"<literal>/root</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1466
msgid ""
"Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">except \"<literal>/</literal>\"</emphasis>.  The "
"root directory is an exception; its name is \"<literal>/</literal>\" "
"(pronounced \"slash\" or \"the root directory\") and it cannot be renamed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1471
msgid ""
"Each file or directory is designated by a <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis>, <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">absolute filename</emphasis>, or <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>, giving the sequence of directories which "
"must be passed through to reach it.  The three terms are synonymous."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1476
msgid ""
"All <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filenames</emphasis> begin "
"with the \"<literal>/</literal>\" directory, and there's a "
"\"<literal>/</literal>\" between each directory or file in the filename.  "
"The first \"<literal>/</literal>\" is the top level directory, and the other "
"\"<literal>/</literal>\"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we "
"reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file.  The words used "
"here can be confusing.  Take the following <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as an example: "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>\".  However, people also "
"refers to its basename \"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\" alone as a filename."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1481
msgid ""
"The root directory has a number of branches, such as "
"\"<literal>/etc/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/</literal>\".  These "
"subdirectories in turn branch into still more subdirectories, such as "
"\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\".  "
"The whole thing viewed collectively is called the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">directory tree</emphasis>.  You can think of an absolute "
"filename as a route from the base of the tree (\"<literal>/</literal>\") to "
"the end of some branch (a file).  You also hear people talk about the "
"directory tree as if it were a <emphasis role=\"strong\">family</emphasis> "
"tree: thus subdirectories have <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis>, "
"and a path shows the complete ancestry of a file.  There are also relative "
"paths that begin somewhere other than the root directory.  You should "
"remember that the directory \"<literal>../</literal>\" refers to the parent "
"directory.  This terminology also applies to other directory like "
"structures, such as hierarchical data structures."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1486
msgid ""
"There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a "
"physical device, such as your hard disk.  This differs from <ulink "
"url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, and <ulink "
"url=\"&microsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, where the path "
"contains a device name such as \"<literal>C:\\</literal>\".  (However, "
"directory entries do exist that refer to physical devices as a part of the "
"normal filesystem.  See <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1491
msgid ""
"While you <emphasis role=\"strong\">can</emphasis> use almost any letters or "
"symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so.  It is better "
"to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command "
"line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: "
"<literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / &gt; &lt; | ; ! # &amp; ^ * % @ $</literal> "
".  If you want to separate words in a name, good choices are the period, "
"hyphen, and underscore.  You could also capitalize each word, "
"\"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". Experienced Linux users tend to avoid "
"spaces in filenames."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1494
msgid ""
"The word \"root\" can mean either \"root user\" or \"root directory\".  The "
"context of their usage should make it clear."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1497
msgid ""
"The word <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis> is used not only for "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as above but "
"also for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">command search path</emphasis>.  The "
"intended meaning is usually clear from the context."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1499
msgid ""
"The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the "
"Filesystem Hierarchy Standard "
"(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" and "
"<literal>hier</literal>(7)).  You should remember the following facts as the "
"starter."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1501
msgid "List of usage of key directories"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1508 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1685 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9321
msgid "directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1511
msgid "usage of the directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1518 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3902 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6393
msgid "<literal>/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1521
msgid "the root directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1526
msgid "<literal>/etc/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1529
msgid "system wide configuration files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1534
msgid "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1537
msgid "system log files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1542
msgid "<literal>/home/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1545
msgid "all the home directories for all non-privileged users"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1553
msgid "Filesystem internals"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1554
msgid ""
"Following the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix tradition</emphasis>, the "
"Debian GNU/Linux system provides the <ulink "
"url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</ulink> under which physical data on hard "
"disks and other storage devices reside, and the interaction with the "
"hardware devices such as console screens and remote serial consoles are "
"represented in an unified manner under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1555
msgid ""
"Each file, directory, named pipe (a way two programs can share data), or "
"physical device on a Debian GNU/Linux system has a data structure called an "
"<ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> which describes its associated "
"attributes such as the user who owns it (owner), the group that it belongs "
"to, the time last accessed, etc.  If you are really interested, see "
"\"<literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal>\" for the exact definition of "
"\"<literal>struct inode</literal>\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system. The idea "
"of representing just about everything in the filesystem was a Unix "
"innovation, and modern Linux kernels have developed this idea ever "
"further. Now, even information about processes running in the computer can "
"be found in the filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1556
msgid ""
"This abstract and unified representation of physical entities and internal "
"processes is very powerful since this allows us to use the same command for "
"the same kind of operation on many totally different devices. It is even "
"possible to change the way the kernel works by writing data to special files "
"that are linked to running processes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1558
msgid ""
"If you need to identify the correspondence between the file tree and the "
"physical entity, execute <literal>mount</literal>(8) with no arguments."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1562
msgid "Filesystem permissions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1563
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">Filesystem permissions</ulink> of "
"<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system are defined for three "
"categories of affected users."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1567
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1572
msgid ""
"Other users in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file "
"belongs to (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1577
msgid ""
"All <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis> users (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>) also referred to as \"world\" and \"everyone\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1581
msgid "For the file, each corresponding permission allows following actions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1585
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>) permission allows owner to examine contents of "
"the file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1590
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>) permission allows owner to modify the file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1595
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) permission allows owner to run the file as a "
"command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1599
msgid "For the directory, each corresponding permission allows following actions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1603
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>) permission allows owner to list contents of "
"the directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1608
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>) permission allows owner to add or remove files "
"in the directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1613
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) permission allows owner to access files in the "
"directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1617
msgid ""
"Here, the <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> permission on a "
"directory means not only to allow reading of files in that directory but "
"also to allow viewing their attributes, such as the size and the "
"modification time."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1618
msgid ""
"<literal>ls</literal>(1) is used to display permission information (and "
"more) for files and directories.  When it is invoked with the "
"\"<literal>-l</literal>\" option, it displays the following information in "
"the order given."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1621
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Type of file</emphasis> (first character)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1626
msgid ""
"Access <emphasis role=\"strong\">permission</emphasis> of the file (nine "
"characters, consisting of three characters each for user, group, and other "
"in this order)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1630
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Number of hard links</emphasis> to the file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1635
msgid "Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1640
msgid ""
"Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file "
"belongs to"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1644
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Size</emphasis> of the file in characters (bytes)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1648
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Date and time</emphasis> of the file (mtime)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1652
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Name</emphasis> of the file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1657
msgid "List of the first character of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1664
msgid "character"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1667 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1785 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2053 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3666 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9221 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9600 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9892 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11743 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12162 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12326 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18427 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25421 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25659
msgid "meaning"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1674 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6313 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24190
msgid "<literal>-</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1677
msgid "normal file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1682
msgid "<literal>d</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1690 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6385
msgid "<literal>l</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1693
msgid "symlink"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1698 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4521 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4524
msgid "<literal>c</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1701
msgid "character device node"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1706 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20360
msgid "<literal>b</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1709
msgid "block device node"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1714
msgid "<literal>p</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1717
msgid "named pipe"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1722 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20345
msgid "<literal>s</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1725
msgid "socket"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1731
msgid ""
"<literal>chown</literal>(1) is used from the root account to change the "
"owner of the file.  <literal>chgrp</literal>(1) is used from the file's "
"owner or root account to change the group of the file.  "
"<literal>chmod</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to "
"change file and directory access permissions.  Basic syntax to manipulate a "
"<literal>foo</literal> file is the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1732
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
"# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
"# chmod  [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1735
msgid ""
"For example, you can make a directory tree to be owned by a user "
"<literal>foo</literal> and shared by a group <literal>bar</literal> by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1736
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /some/location/\n"
"# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1739
msgid "There are three more special permission bits."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1743
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> bit (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> "
"instead of user's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1748
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> bit (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> "
"instead of group's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1753
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky</emphasis> bit (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">t</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> "
"instead of other's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1757
msgid ""
"Here the output of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" for these bits is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">capitalized</emphasis> if execution bits hidden by these "
"outputs are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unset</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1758
msgid ""
"Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> on an executable "
"file allows a user to execute the executable file with the owner ID of the "
"file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Similarly, "
"setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on an executable "
"file allows a user to execute the executable file with the group ID of the "
"file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Because these "
"settings can cause security risks, enabling them requires extra caution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1759
msgid ""
"Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on a directory "
"enables the <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD-like</ulink> file creation scheme "
"where all files created in the directory belong to the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> of the directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1760
msgid ""
"Setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on a directory "
"prevents a file in the directory from being removed by a user who is not the "
"owner of the file.  In order to secure contents of a file in world-writable "
"directories such as \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" or in group-writable "
"directories, one must not only reset the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> permission for the file but also set the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on the directory.  "
"Otherwise, the file can be removed and a new file can be created with the "
"same name by any user who has write access to the directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1761
msgid "Here are a few interesting examples of file permissions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1762
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"crw------- 1 root root   108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n"
"-rw-r----- 1 root shadow    943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n"
"-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root   700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwxrwt 10 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n"
"drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  4 root src   4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  2 root mail  4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n"
"drwxrwxrwt  2 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1773
msgid ""
"There is an alternative numeric mode to describe file permissions with "
"<literal>chmod</literal>(1).  This numeric mode uses 3 to 4 digit wide octal "
"(radix=8) numbers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1775
msgid ""
"The numeric mode for file permissions in <literal>chmod</literal>(1) "
"commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1782
msgid "digit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1792
msgid "1st optional digit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1795
msgid ""
"sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1800
msgid "2nd digit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1803
msgid ""
"sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (=1) permissions for <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">user</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1808
msgid "3rd digit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1811
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1816
msgid "4th digit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1819
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1825
msgid ""
"This sounds complicated but it is actually quite simple.  If you look at the "
"first few (2-10) columns from \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" command output "
"and read it as a binary (radix=2) representation of file permissions (\"-\" "
"being \"0\" and \"rwx\" being \"1\"), the last 3 digit of the numeric mode "
"value should make sense as an octal (radix=8) representation of file "
"permissions to you."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1826 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2192 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3029 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3052 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3592 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4034 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4246 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4321 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4329 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4678 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4726 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4791 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4806 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13420 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16057 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18870 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23884
msgid "For example, try the following"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1827
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ touch foo bar\n"
"$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
"$ chmod 644 bar\n"
"$ ls -l foo bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1834
msgid ""
"If you need to access information displayed by \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" "
"in shell script, you should use pertinent commands such as "
"<literal>test</literal>(1), <literal>stat</literal>(1) and "
"<literal>readlink</literal>(1).  The shell builtin such as "
"\"<literal>[</literal>\" or \"<literal>test</literal>\" may be used too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1838
msgid "Control of permissions for newly created files: umask"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1839
msgid ""
"What permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is "
"restricted by the <literal>umask</literal> shell builtin command.  See "
"<literal>dash</literal>(1), <literal>bash</literal>(1), and "
"<literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1840
#, no-wrap
msgid " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) &amp; ~(umask value)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1842
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis> value examples"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1851
msgid "umask"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1854
msgid "file permissions created"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1857
msgid "directory permissions created"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1860 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26106
msgid "usage"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1867
msgid "<literal>0022</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1870 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9788 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9822
msgid "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1873
msgid "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1876
msgid "writable only by the user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1881
msgid "<literal>0002</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1884
msgid "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1887
msgid "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1890
msgid "writable by the group"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1896
msgid ""
"The Debian system uses a user private group (UPG) scheme as its default. A "
"UPG is created whenever a new user is added to the system. A UPG has the "
"same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only "
"member of the UPG. UPG scheme makes it is safe to set umask to "
"<literal>0002</literal> since every user has their own private group.  (In "
"some Unix variants, it is quite common to setup all normal users belonging "
"to a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> "
"group and is good idea to set umask to <literal>0022</literal> for security "
"in such cases.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1899
msgid "Permissions for groups of users (group)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1900
msgid ""
"In order to make group permissions to be applied to a particular user, that "
"user needs to be made a member of the group using \"<literal>sudo "
"vigr</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1902
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you may dynamically add users to groups during the "
"authentication process by adding \"<literal>auth optional "
"pam_group.so</literal>\" line to "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and setting "
"\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  (See <xref "
"linkend=\"_authentication\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1904
msgid ""
"The hardware devices are just another kind of file on the Debian system.  If "
"you have problems accessing devices such as CD-ROM and USB memory stick from "
"a user account, you should make that user a member of the relevant group."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1905
msgid ""
"Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to access particular "
"files and devices without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1907
msgid "List of notable system-provided groups for file access"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1914 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2001 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9775
msgid "group"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1917
msgid "description for accessible files and devices"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1924
msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1927
msgid ""
"full and direct access to serial ports "
"(\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1932
msgid "<literal>dip</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1935
msgid ""
"limited access to serial ports for <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup "
"IP</emphasis> connection to trusted peers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1940
msgid "<literal>cdrom</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1943
msgid "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW drives"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1948
msgid "<literal>audio</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1951
msgid "audio device"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1956
msgid "<literal>video</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1959
msgid "video device"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1964
msgid "<literal>scanner</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1967
msgid "scanner(s)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1972
msgid "<literal>adm</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1975
msgid "system monitoring logs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1980
msgid "<literal>staff</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1983
msgid ""
"some directories for junior administrative work: "
"\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\", \"<literal>/home</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1990
msgid ""
"You need to belong to the <literal>dialout</literal> group to reconfigure "
"modem, dial anywhere, etc.  But if <literal>root</literal> creates "
"pre-defined configuration files for trusted peers in "
"\"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal>\", you only need to belong to the "
"<literal>dip</literal> group to create <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup "
"IP</emphasis> connection to those trusted peers using "
"<literal>pppd</literal>(8), <literal>pon</literal>(1), and "
"<literal>poff</literal>(1) commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1992
msgid ""
"Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to execute "
"particular commands without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1994
msgid "List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2004
msgid "accessible commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2011
msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2014
msgid "execute <literal>sudo</literal> without their password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2019
msgid "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2022
msgid "execute commands to add, modify, and remove printers from printer databases"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2027
msgid "<literal>plugdev</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2030
msgid ""
"execute <literal>pmount</literal>(1) for removable devices such as USB "
"memories"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2036
msgid ""
"For the full listing of the system provided users and groups, see the recent "
"version of the \"Users and Groups\" document in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\" "
"provided by the <literal>base-passwd</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2037
msgid ""
"See <literal>passwd</literal>(5), <literal>group</literal>(5), "
"<literal>shadow</literal>(5), <literal>newgrp</literal>(1), "
"<literal>vipw</literal>(8), <literal>vigr</literal>(8), and "
"<literal>pam_group</literal>(8) for management commands of the user and "
"group system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2040
msgid "Timestamps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2041
msgid "There are three types of timestamps for a GNU/Linux file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2043
msgid "List of types of timestamps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2050 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11080 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13681 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14612 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14965 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16327 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17375 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17663
msgid "type"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2060
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2063
msgid "the file modification time (<literal>ls -l</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2068
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2071
msgid "the file status change time (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2076
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2079
msgid "the last file access time (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2086
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2091
msgid ""
"Overwriting a file changes all of the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>, <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, and <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2096
msgid ""
"Changing ownership or permission of a file changes the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> and <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2101
msgid ""
"Reading a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of the "
"file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2106
msgid ""
"Even simply reading a file on the Debian system normally causes a file write "
"operation to update <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> information "
"in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>.  Mounting a filesystem "
"with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" "
"option makes the system skip this operation and results in faster file "
"access for the read. This is often recommended for laptops, because it "
"reduces hard drive activity and saves power. See "
"<literal>mount</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2108
msgid ""
"Use <literal>touch</literal>(1) command to change timestamps of existing "
"files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2109
msgid ""
"For timestamps, the <literal>ls</literal> command outputs different strings "
"under the modern English locale (\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\") from "
"under the old one (\"<literal>C</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2110
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 foo\n"
"$ LANG=C  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 Mar  5 00:47 foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2115
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> to customize "
"\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2119
msgid "Links"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2120
msgid ""
"There are two methods of associating a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with "
"a different filename \"<literal>bar</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2124
msgid "<ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">Hard link</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2129
msgid "Duplicate name for an existing file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2134
msgid "\"<literal>ln foo bar</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2141
msgid "<ulink url=\"&symboliclinkorsymlink;\">Symbolic link or symlink</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2146
msgid "Special file that points to another file by name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2151
msgid "\"<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2157
msgid ""
"See the following example for changes in link counts and the subtle "
"differences in the result of the <literal>rm</literal> command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2158
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ ln foo bar     # hard link\n"
"$ ln -s foo baz  # symlink\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ rm foo\n"
"$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 foo\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Original Content\n"
"$ cat baz\n"
"New Content"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2177
msgid ""
"The hardlink can be made within the same filesystem and shares the same "
"inode number which the \"<literal>-i</literal>\" option with "
"<literal>ls</literal>(1)  reveals."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2178
msgid ""
"The symlink always has nominal file access permissions of "
"\"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\", as shown in the above example, with the "
"effective access permissions dictated by permissions of the file that it "
"points to."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2180
msgid ""
"It is generally good idea not to create complicated symbolic links or "
"hardlinks at all unless you have a very good reason.  It may cause "
"nightmares where the logical combination of the symbolic links results in "
"loops in the filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2183
msgid ""
"It is generally preferable to use symbolic links rather than hardlinks "
"unless you have a good reason for using a hardlink."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2185
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>.</literal>\" directory links to the directory that it "
"appears in, thus the link count of any new directory starts at 2.  The "
"\"<literal>..</literal>\" directory links to the parent directory, thus the "
"link count of the directory increases with the addition of new "
"subdirectories."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2186
msgid ""
"If you are just moving to Linux from Windows, it soon becomes clear how "
"well-designed the filename linking of Unix is, compared with the nearest "
"Windows equivalent of \"shortcuts\".  Because it is implemented in the "
"filesystem, applications can't see any difference between a linked file and "
"the original. In the case of hardlinks, there really is no difference."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2189
msgid "Named pipes (FIFOs)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2190
msgid ""
"A <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">named pipe</ulink> is a file that acts like a "
"pipe.  You put something into the file, and it comes out the other end.  "
"Thus it's called a FIFO, or First-In-First-Out: the first thing you put in "
"the pipe is the first thing to come out the other end."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2191
msgid ""
"If you write to a named pipe, the process which is writing to the pipe "
"doesn't terminate until the information being written is read from the "
"pipe.  If you read from a named pipe, the reading process waits until there "
"is nothing to read before terminating.  The size of the pipe is always zero "
"--- it does not store data, it just links two processes like the shell "
"\"<literal>|</literal>\".  However, since this pipe has a name, the two "
"processes don't have to be on the same command line or even be run by the "
"same user. Pipes were a very influential innovation of Unix."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2193
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
"$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # put into background\n"
"[1] 8022\n"
"$ ls -l mypipe\n"
"prw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 mypipe\n"
"$ cat mypipe\n"
"hello\n"
"[1]+  Done                    echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
"$ ls mypipe\n"
"mypipe\n"
"$ rm mypipe"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2206
msgid "Sockets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2207
msgid ""
"Sockets are used extensively by all the Internet communication, databases, "
"and the operating system itself. It is similar to the named pipe (FIFO) and "
"allows processes to exchange information even between different computers.  "
"For the socket, those processes do not need to be running at the same time "
"nor to be running as the children of the same ancestor process.  This is the "
"endpoint for <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">the inter "
"process communication (IPC)</ulink>.  The exchange of information may occur "
"over the network between different hosts.  The two most common ones are "
"<ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">the Internet socket</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">the Unix domain socket</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2209
msgid ""
"\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\" provides a very useful overview of "
"sockets that are open on a given system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2213
msgid "Device files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2214
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Device files</ulink> refer to physical or "
"virtual devices on your system, such as your hard disk, video card, screen, "
"or keyboard.  An example of a virtual device is the console, represented by "
"\"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2215
msgid "There are 2 types of device files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2219
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Character device</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2224
msgid "Accessed one character at a time"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2229
msgid "1 character = 1 byte"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2234
msgid "E.g. keyboard device, serial port, …"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2241
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Block device</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2246
msgid "accessed in larger units called blocks"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2251
msgid "1 block &gt; 1 byte"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2256
msgid "E.g. hard disk, …"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2262
msgid ""
"You can read and write device files, though the file may well contain binary "
"data which may be an incomprehensible-to-humans gibberish.  Writing data "
"directly to these files is sometimes useful for the troubleshooting of "
"hardware connections.  For example, you can dump a text file to the printer "
"device \"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\" or send modem commands to the "
"appropriate serial port \"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\".  But, unless this "
"is done carefully, it may cause a major disaster.  So be cautious."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2264
msgid "For the normal access to a printer, use <literal>lp</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2266
msgid ""
"The device node number are displayed by executing <literal>ls</literal>(1) "
"as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2267
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
"brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom   3,  0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n"
"crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n"
"crw-rw-rw- 1 root root    1,  5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2274
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" has the major device number 3 and the minor "
"device number 0.  This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to "
"<literal>cdrom</literal> group."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2279
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" has the major device number 4 and the "
"minor device number 64.  This is read/write accessible by the user who "
"belongs to <literal>dialout</literal> group."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2284
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" has the major device number 1 and the minor "
"device number 5.  This is read/write accessible by anyone."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2288
msgid ""
"In the Linux 2.6 system, the filesystem under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\" "
"is automatically populated by the <literal>udev</literal>(7) mechanism."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2291
msgid "Special device files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2292
msgid "There are some special device files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2294
msgid "List of special device files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2302
msgid "device file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2305 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2957 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7281 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12117 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12719
msgid "action"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2308 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19937
msgid "description of response"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2315 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2326
msgid "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2318 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2340 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2351 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2362
msgid "read"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2321
msgid "return \"end-of-file (EOF) character\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2329 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2373
msgid "write"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2332
msgid "return nothing (a bottomless data dump pit)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2337
msgid "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2343
msgid ""
"return \"the <literal>\\0</literal> (NUL) character\" (not the same as the "
"number zero ASCII)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2348
msgid "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2354
msgid ""
"return random characters from a true random number generator, delivering "
"real entropy (slow)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2359
msgid "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2365
msgid ""
"return random characters from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number "
"generator"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2370
msgid "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2376
msgid "return the disk-full (ENOSPC) error"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2382
msgid ""
"These are frequently used in conjunction with the shell redirection (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2385
msgid "procfs and sysfs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2386
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> mounted on \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/sys</literal>\" are the pseudo-filesystem and expose internal "
"data structures of the kernel to the userspace.  In other word, these "
"entries are virtual, meaning that they act as a convenient window into the "
"operation of the operating system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2387
msgid ""
"The directory \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" contains (among other things) one "
"subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after "
"the process ID (PID). System utilities that access process information, such "
"as <literal>ps</literal>(1), get their information from this directory "
"structure."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2388
msgid ""
"The directories under \"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\" contain interface to "
"change certain kernel parameters at run time.  (You may do the same through "
"specialized <literal>sysctl</literal>(8) command or its "
"preload/configuration file \"<literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2390
msgid ""
"The Linux kernel may complain \"Too many open files\".  You can fix this by "
"increasing \"<literal>file-max</literal>\" value to a larger value from the "
"root shell, e.g., \"<literal>echo \"65536\" &gt; "
"/proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal>\" (This was needed on older kernels)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2392
msgid ""
"People frequently panic when they notice one file in particular - "
"\"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" - which is generally huge.  This is (more "
"or less) a copy of the content of your computer's memory.  It's used to "
"debug the kernel.  It is a virtual file that points to computer memory, so "
"don't worry about its size."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2393
msgid ""
"The directory under \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" contains exported kernel "
"data structures, their attributes, and their linkages between them. It also "
"contains interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2394
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\" and other related documents in the "
"Linux kernel documentation "
"(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\") "
"provided by the <literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2398
msgid "Midnight Commander (MC)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2399
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> is a "
"GNU \"Swiss army knife\" for the Linux console and other terminal "
"environments.  This gives newbie a menu driven console experience which is "
"much easier to learn than standard Unix commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2400
msgid ""
"You may need to install the Midnight Commander package which is titled "
"\"<literal>mc</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2401
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo aptitude install mc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2402
msgid ""
"Use the <literal>mc</literal>(1) command to explore the Debian system.  This "
"is the best way to learn.  Please explore few interesting locations just "
"using the cursor keys and Enter key."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2406
msgid "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" and its subdirectories"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2411
msgid "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\" and its subdirectories"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2416
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" and its subdirectories"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2421
msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2426
msgid "Customization of MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2427
msgid ""
"In order to make MC to change working directory upon exit and "
"<literal>cd</literal> to the directory, I suggest to modify "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" to include a script provided by the "
"<literal>mc</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2428
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2429
msgid ""
"See <literal>mc</literal>(1) (under the \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option) "
"for the reason. (If you do not understand what exactly I am talking here, "
"you can do this later.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2432
msgid "Starting MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2433
msgid "MC can be started by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2434
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2435
msgid ""
"MC takes care of all file operations through its menu, requiring minimal "
"user effort.  Just press F1 to get the help screen.  You can play with MC "
"just by pressing cursor-keys and function-keys."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2437
msgid ""
"In some consoles such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), key strokes "
"of function-keys may be stolen by the console program.  You can disable "
"these features by \"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" for "
"<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2439
msgid ""
"If you encounter character encoding problem which displays garbage "
"characters, adding \"<literal>-a</literal>\" to MC's command line may help "
"prevent problems."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2440
msgid ""
"If this doesn't clear up your display problems with MC, see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2443
msgid "File manager in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2444
msgid ""
"The default is two directory panels containing file lists.  Another useful "
"mode is to set the right window to \"information\" to see file access "
"privilege information, etc.  Following are some essential keystrokes.  With "
"the <literal>gpm</literal>(8) daemon running, one can use a mouse on Linux "
"character consoles, too.  (Make sure to press the shift-key to obtain the "
"normal behavior of cut and paste in MC.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2446
msgid "The key bindings of MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2453 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2827 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6265
msgid "key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2456 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6268 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18424
msgid "key binding"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2463
msgid "<literal>F1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2466
msgid "help menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2471
msgid "<literal>F3</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2474
msgid "internal file viewer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2479
msgid "<literal>F4</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2482
msgid "internal editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2487
msgid "<literal>F9</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2490
msgid "activate pull down menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2495
msgid "<literal>F10</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2498
msgid "exit Midnight Commander"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2503 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2924
msgid "<literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2506
msgid "move between two windows"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2510
msgid "<literal>Insert</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2513
msgid "mark file for a multiple-file operation such as copy"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2518
msgid "<literal>Del</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2521
msgid "delete file (be careful---set MC to safe delete mode)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2526
msgid "Cursor keys"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2529
msgid "self-explanatory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2537
msgid "Command-line tricks in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2540
msgid ""
"<literal>cd</literal> command changes the directory shown on the selected "
"screen."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2544
msgid ""
"<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> copies a "
"filename to the command line. Use this with <literal>cp</literal>(1) and "
"<literal>mv</literal>(1) commands together with command-line editing."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2548
msgid "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> shows shell filename expansion choices."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2553
msgid ""
"One can specify the starting directory for both windows as arguments to MC; "
"for example, \"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2557
msgid ""
"<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>n-key</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> "
"(i.e., <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → "
"<literal>F1</literal>, etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → "
"<literal>F10</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2562
msgid ""
"Pressing <literal>Esc</literal> before the key has the same effect as "
"pressing the <literal>Alt</literal> and the key together.; i.e., type "
"<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> for <literal>Alt-C</literal>.  "
"<literal>Esc</literal> is called meta-key and sometimes noted as "
"\"<literal>M-</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2568
msgid "The internal editor in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2569
msgid ""
"The internal editor has an interesting cut-and-paste scheme.  Pressing "
"<literal>F3</literal> marks the start of a selection, a second "
"<literal>F3</literal> marks the end of selection and highlights the "
"selection.  Then you can move your cursor.  If you press F6, the selected "
"area is moved to the cursor location.  If you press F5, the selected area is "
"copied and inserted at the cursor location.  <literal>F2</literal> saves the "
"file.  <literal>F10</literal> gets you out.  Most cursor keys work "
"intuitively."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2570
msgid ""
"This editor can be directly started on a file using one of the following "
"commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2571
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc -e filename_to_edit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2572
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mcedit filename_to_edit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2573
msgid ""
"This is not a multi-window editor, but one can use multiple Linux consoles "
"to achieve the same effect.  To copy between windows, use Alt-F&lt;n&gt; "
"keys to switch virtual consoles and use \"File→Insert file\" or \"File→Copy "
"to file\" to move a portion of a file to another file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2574
msgid "This internal editor can be replaced with any external editor of choice."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2575
msgid ""
"Also, many programs use the environment variables "
"\"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide "
"which editor to use.  If you are uncomfortable with "
"<literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>nano</literal>(1) initially, you may "
"set these to \"<literal>mcedit</literal>\" by adding the following lines to "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2576
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
"export VISUAL=mcedit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2578
msgid "I do recommend setting these to \"<literal>vim</literal>\" if possible."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2579
msgid ""
"If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1), you can keep using "
"<literal>mcedit</literal>(1) for most system maintenance tasks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2582
msgid "The internal viewer in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2583
msgid ""
"MC is a very smart viewer.  This is a great tool for searching words in "
"documents.  I always use this for files in the "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" directory.  This is the fastest way to "
"browse through masses of Linux information.  This viewer can be directly "
"started using one of the following commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2584
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2585
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2588
msgid "Auto-start features of MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2589
msgid ""
"Press Enter on a file, and the appropriate program handles the content of "
"the file (see <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  This "
"is a very convenient MC feature."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2591
msgid "The reaction to the enter key in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2598
msgid "file type"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2601
msgid "reaction to enter key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2608
msgid "executable file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2611
msgid "execute command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2616
msgid "man file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2619
msgid "pipe content to viewer software"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2624
msgid "html file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2627
msgid "pipe content to web browser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2632
msgid "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2635
msgid "browse its contents as if subdirectory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2641
msgid ""
"In order to allow these viewer and virtual file features to function, "
"viewable files should not be set as executable.  Change their status using "
"<literal>chmod</literal>(1) or via the MC file menu."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2644
msgid "FTP virtual filesystem of MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2645
msgid ""
"MC can be used to access files over the Internet using FTP.  Go to the menu "
"by pressing <literal>F9</literal>, then type \"<literal>p</literal>\" to "
"activate the FTP virtual filesystem.  Enter a URL in the form "
"\"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\", which retrieves "
"a remote directory that appears like a local one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2646
msgid ""
"Try \"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\" as the URL and browse the Debian "
"archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2650
msgid "The basic Unix-like work environment"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2651
msgid ""
"Although MC enables you to do almost everything, it is very important for "
"you to learn how to use the command line tools invoked from the shell prompt "
"and become familiar with the Unix-like work environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2653
msgid "The login shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2654
msgid "You can select your login shell with <literal>chsh</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2656
msgid "List of shell programs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2675
msgid "POSIX shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2688 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2707 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2718 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2728 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2749 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2759 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2781
msgid "Yes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2690
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: the GNU Bourne Again SHell (de facto "
"standard)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2698 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2739 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2770
msgid "No"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2700
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: an enhanced version of "
"<ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2710
msgid ""
"Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>, good for shell "
"script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2720
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>: the standard shell with many "
"enhancements"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2731
msgid "public domain version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2741
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, a version of <ulink "
"url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2751
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> with builtin "
"commands (Not meant for standard \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2762
msgid ""
"the real, AT&amp;T version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn "
"shell</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2773
msgid ""
"implementation of the <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink> "
"<ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rc shell</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2784
msgid "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell (<literal>pdksh</literal> derivative)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2790
msgid ""
"In this tutorial chapter, the interactive shell always means "
"<literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2793
msgid "Customizing bash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2794
msgid ""
"You can customize <literal>bash</literal>(1) behavior by "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2795 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4105
msgid "For example, try the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2796
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# CD upon exiting MC\n"
". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n"
"\n"
"# set CDPATH to good one\n"
"CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~/Desktop/src:~/Desktop:~\n"
"export CDPATH\n"
"\n"
"PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n"
"# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
"if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
"  PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n"
"fi\n"
"export PATH\n"
"\n"
"EDITOR=vim\n"
"export EDITOR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2813
msgid ""
"You can find more <literal>bash</literal> customization tips, such as <xref "
"linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, in <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2817
msgid "Special key strokes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2818
msgid ""
"In the <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment, there are "
"few key strokes which have special meanings.  Please note that on a normal "
"Linux character console, only the left-hand <literal>Ctrl</literal> and "
"<literal>Alt</literal> keys work as expected.  Here are few notable key "
"strokes to remember."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2820
msgid "List of key bindings for bash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2830
msgid "description of key binding"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2837
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2840
msgid "erase line before cursor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2845
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2848
msgid "erase a character before cursor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2853
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2856
msgid "terminate input (exit shell if you are using shell)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2861
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2864
msgid "terminate a running program"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2869
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2872
msgid "temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2877
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2880
msgid "halt output to screen"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2885
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2888
msgid "reactivate output to screen"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2893
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2896
msgid "reboot/halt the system, see <literal>inittab</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2900
msgid "<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> (optionally, <literal>Windows-key</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2903
msgid "meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2908
msgid "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2911
msgid "start command history search under <literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2916
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2919
msgid "start incremental command history search under <literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2927
msgid ""
"complete input of the filename to the command line under "
"<literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2932
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2936
msgid ""
"input <literal>Tab</literal> without expansion to the command line under "
"<literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2943
msgid ""
"The terminal feature of <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> can be disabled using "
"<literal>stty</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2947
msgid "Unix style mouse operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2948
msgid "Unix style mouse operations are based on the 3 button mouse system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2950
msgid "List of Unix style mouse operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2960
msgid "response"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2967
msgid "Left-click-and-drag mouse"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2970
msgid "select and copy to the clipboard"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2975
msgid "Left-click"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2978
msgid "select the start of selection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2983
msgid "Right-click"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2986
msgid "select the end of selection and copy to the clipboard"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2991
msgid "Middle-click"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2994
msgid "paste clipboard at the cursor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3000
msgid ""
"The center wheel on the modern wheel mouse is considered middle mouse button "
"and can be used for middle-click.  Clicking left and right mouse buttons "
"together serves as the middle-click under the 2 button mouse system "
"situation.  In order to use a mouse in Linux character consoles, you need to "
"have <literal>gpm</literal>(8) running as daemon."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3003
msgid "The pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3004
msgid ""
"<literal>less</literal>(1) is the enhanced pager (file content browser).  "
"Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" for help.  It can do much more than "
"<literal>more</literal>(1) and can be supercharged by executing "
"\"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval "
"$(lessfile)</literal>\" in the shell startup script. See more in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\".  The "
"\"<literal>-R</literal>\" option allows raw character output and enables "
"ANSI color escape sequences.  See <literal>less</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3007
msgid "The text editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3008
msgid ""
"You should become proficient in one of variants of <ulink "
"url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> programs "
"which are popular in the Unix-like system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3009
msgid ""
"I think getting used to Vim commands is the right thing to do, since "
"Vi-editor is always there in the Linux/Unix world.  (Actually, original "
"<literal>vi</literal> or new <literal>nvi</literal> are programs you find "
"everywhere.  I chose Vim instead for newbie since it offers you help through "
"<literal>F1</literal> key while it is similar enough and more powerful.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3010
msgid ""
"If you chose either <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> or <ulink "
"url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> instead as your choice of the editor, that "
"is another good choice indeed, particularly for programming.  Emacs has a "
"plethora of other features as well, including functioning as a newsreader, "
"directory editor, mail program, etc.  When used for programming or editing "
"shell scripts, it intelligently recognizes the format of what you are "
"working on, and tries to provide assistance.  Some people maintain that the "
"only program they need on Linux is Emacs.  Ten minutes learning Emacs now "
"can save hours later.  Having the GNU Emacs manual for reference when "
"learning Emacs is highly recommended."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3011
msgid ""
"All these programs usually come with tutoring program for you to learn them "
"by practice.  Start Vim by typing \"<literal>vim</literal>\" and press "
"F1-key.  You should at least read the first 35 lines.  Then do the online "
"training course by moving cursor to \"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\" and "
"pressing <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3013
msgid ""
"Good editors, such as Vim and Emacs, can be used to handle UTF-8 and other "
"exotic encoding texts correctly with proper option in the "
"x-terminal-emulator on X under UTF-8 locale with proper font settings.  "
"Please refer to their documentation on multibyte text."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3017
msgid "Setting a default text editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3018
msgid ""
"Debian comes with a number of different editors. We recommend to install the "
"<literal>vim</literal> package, as mentioned above."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3019
msgid ""
"Debian provides unified access to the system default editor via command "
"\"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\" so other programs (e.g., "
"<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)) can invoke it.  You can change it by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3020
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3021
msgid ""
"The choice \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\" over "
"\"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>\" is my recommendation for newbies "
"since it supports syntax highlighting."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3023
msgid ""
"Many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  For the consistency on "
"Debian system, set these to "
"\"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\". (Historically, "
"\"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" was \"<literal>ed</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" was \"<literal>vi</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3027
msgid "Customizing vim"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3028
msgid ""
"You can customize <literal>vim</literal>(1) behavior by "
"\"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3030
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\" -------------------------------\n"
"\" Local configuration\n"
"\"\n"
"set nocompatible\n"
"set nopaste\n"
"set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
"syn on\n"
"if $USER == \"root\"\n"
" set nomodeline\n"
" set noswapfile\n"
"else\n"
" set modeline\n"
" set swapfile\n"
"endif\n"
"\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
"\" filler\n"
"\" filler"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3049
msgid "Recording the shell activities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3050
msgid ""
"The output of the shell command may roll off your screen and may be lost "
"forever.  It is good practice to log shell activities into the file for you "
"to review them later.  This kind of record is essential when you perform any "
"system administration tasks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3051
msgid ""
"The basic method of recording the shell activity is to run it under "
"<literal>script</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3053 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18710
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ script\n"
"Script started, file is typescript"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3055
msgid "Do whatever shell commands under <literal>script</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3056
msgid "Press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3057
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim typescript"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3058
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3061
msgid "Basic Unix commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3062
msgid ""
"Let's learn basic Unix commands.  Here I use \"Unix\" in its generic sense.  "
"Any Unix clone OSs usually offer equivalent commands.  The Debian system is "
"no exception.  Do not worry if some commands do not work as you wish now. If "
"<literal>alias</literal> is used in the shell, its corresponding command "
"outputs are different.  These examples are not meant to be executed in this "
"order."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3063
msgid "Try all following commands from the non-privileged user account."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3065
msgid "List of basic Unix commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3072 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5981 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7278 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10021 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10132 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12114 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12716 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13147 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14292 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15472 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17912 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18921 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20920 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21963 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23942 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24064 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24268 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24450 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25770 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30056
msgid "command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3082
msgid "<literal>pwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3085
msgid "display name of current/working directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3090
msgid "<literal>whoami</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3093
msgid "display current user name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3098
msgid "<literal>id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3101
msgid "display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3106
msgid "<literal>file &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3109
msgid "display a type of file for the file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3114
msgid "<literal>type -p &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3117
msgid ""
"display a file location of command "
"\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3122
msgid "<literal>which &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3125 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3149 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6573 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6581 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6589 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6597 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11104 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11115 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11126 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11137 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11148 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11159 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11180 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11190 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11232 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11243 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11265 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11276 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11309 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11320 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11342 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11353 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11364 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11386 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11397 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11419 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11430 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11441 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11452 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11463 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11474 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11485 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11496 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11507 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11518 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11529 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11540 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11551 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11562 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11573 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12180 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13706 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13715 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13725 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13734 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13754 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13765 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13776 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15116 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15138 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15148 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15290 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15301 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15312 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15323 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15345 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15356 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15367 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15701 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15756 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15759 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15778 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15781 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15789 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15800 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15803 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15915 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15948 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15970 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15973 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15981 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16002 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16005 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16023 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17977 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17985 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17993 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18041 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18065 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18073 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24289 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24329 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24353 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24377 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24401
msgid ", ,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3130
msgid "<literal>type &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3133
msgid "display information on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3138
msgid "<literal>apropos &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3141
msgid "find commands related to \"<literal>&lt;key-word&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3146
msgid "<literal>man -k &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3154
msgid "<literal>whatis &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3157
msgid ""
"display one line explanation on command "
"\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3162
msgid "<literal>man -a &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3165
msgid ""
"display explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\" "
"(Unix style)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3170
msgid "<literal>info &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3173
msgid ""
"display rather long explanation on command "
"\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\" (GNU style)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3178
msgid "<literal>ls</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3181
msgid "list contents of directory (non-dot files and directories)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3186
msgid "<literal>ls -a</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3189
msgid "list contents of directory (all files and directories)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3194
msgid "<literal>ls -A</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3197
msgid ""
"list contents of directory (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip "
"\"<literal>..</literal>\" and \"<literal>.</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3202
msgid "<literal>ls -la</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3205
msgid "list all contents of directory with detail information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3210
msgid "<literal>ls -lai</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3213
msgid "list all contents of directory with inode number and detail information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3218
msgid "<literal>ls -d</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3221
msgid "list all directories under the current directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3226
msgid "<literal>tree</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3229
msgid "display file tree contents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3234
msgid "<literal>lsof &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3237
msgid "list open status of file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3242
msgid "<literal>lsof -p &lt;pid&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3245
msgid "list files opened by the process ID: \"<literal>&lt;pid&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3250
msgid "<literal>mkdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3253
msgid ""
"make a new directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current "
"directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3258
msgid "<literal>rmdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3261
msgid ""
"remove a directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current "
"directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3266
msgid "<literal>cd &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3269
msgid ""
"change directory to the directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the "
"current directory or in the directory listed in the variable "
"\"<literal>$CDPATH</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3274
msgid "<literal>cd /</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3277
msgid "change directory to the root directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3282
msgid "<literal>cd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3285
msgid "change directory to the current user's home directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3290
msgid "<literal>cd /&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3293
msgid ""
"change directory to the absolute path directory "
"\"<literal>/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3298
msgid "<literal>cd ..</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3301
msgid "change directory to the parent directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3306
msgid "<literal>cd ~&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3309
msgid ""
"change directory to the home directory of the user "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3314
msgid "<literal>cd -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3317
msgid "change directory to the previous directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3322
msgid "<literal>&lt;/etc/motd pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3325
msgid "display contents of \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" using the default pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3330
msgid "<literal>touch &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3333
msgid "create a empty file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3338
msgid "<literal>cp &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3341
msgid ""
"copy a existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new file "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3346
msgid "<literal>rm &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3349
msgid "remove a file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3354 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3362
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3357
msgid ""
"rename an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new name "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" (\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must "
"not exist)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3365
msgid ""
"move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" (the directory "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3370
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3373
msgid ""
"move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location "
"with a new name \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\" (the "
"directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist but the directory "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\" must not exist)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3378
msgid "<literal>chmod 600 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3381
msgid ""
"make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be non-readable "
"and non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3386
msgid "<literal>chmod 644 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3389
msgid ""
"make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but "
"non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3394
msgid "<literal>chmod 755 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3397
msgid ""
"make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but "
"non-writable by the other people (executable for all)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3402
msgid "<literal>find .  -name &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3405
msgid ""
"find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\" "
"(slower)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3410
msgid "<literal>locate -d .  &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3413
msgid ""
"find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\" "
"(quicker using regularly generated database)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3418
msgid "<literal>grep -e \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" *.html</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3421
msgid ""
"find a \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" in all files ending with "
"\"<literal>.html</literal>\" in current directory and display them all"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3426
msgid "<literal>top</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3429
msgid ""
"display process information using full screen, type \"<literal>q</literal>\" "
"to quit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3434
msgid "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3437
msgid "display information on all the running processes using BSD style output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3442
msgid "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3445
msgid ""
"display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style "
"output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3450
msgid "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3453
msgid ""
"display all processes running \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>exim4</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3458
msgid "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3461
msgid "display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3466
msgid "<literal>kill &lt;1234&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3469
msgid "kill a process identified by the process ID: \"&lt;1234&gt;\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3474
msgid "<literal>gzip &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3477
msgid ""
"compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3482
msgid "<literal>gunzip &lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3485
msgid ""
"decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" to create "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3490
msgid "<literal>bzip2 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3493
msgid ""
"compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" using the Burrows-Wheeler block "
"sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding (better compression "
"than <literal>gzip</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3498
msgid "<literal>bunzip2 &lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3501
msgid ""
"decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" to create "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3506
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3509
msgid "extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3514
msgid "<literal>tar -xvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3517
msgid "extract files from gzipped \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3522
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf -j &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3525
msgid "extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3530
msgid "<literal>tar -cvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3533
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3538
msgid "<literal>tar -cvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3541
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in compressed "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3546
msgid "<literal>tar -cvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2 &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3549
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3554
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3557
msgid ""
"display contents of compressed \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" using the "
"default pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3562
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3565
msgid ""
"create a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with the decompressed content of "
"\"<literal>README.gz</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3570
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3573
msgid ""
"append the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" to the "
"end of the file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" (if it does not exist, create it "
"first)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3580
msgid ""
"Unix has a tradition to hide filenames which start with "
"\"<literal>.</literal>\".  They are traditionally files that contain "
"configuration information and user preferences."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3583
msgid "For <literal>cd</literal> command, see <literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3586
msgid ""
"The default pager of the bare bone Debian system is "
"<literal>more</literal>(1) which cannot scroll back.  By installing the "
"<literal>less</literal> package using command line \"<literal>aptitude "
"install less</literal>\", <literal>less</literal>(1) becomes default pager "
"and you can scroll back with cursor keys."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3589
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the regular "
"expression of the \"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" "
"command above enable <literal>grep</literal> to avoid matching itself.  The "
"\"<literal>4*</literal>\" in the regular expression means 0 or more repeats "
"of character \"<literal>4</literal>\" thus enables <literal>grep</literal> "
"to match both \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\".  "
"Although \"<literal>*</literal>\" is used in the shell filename glob and the "
"regular expression, their meanings are different.  Learn the regular "
"expression from <literal>grep</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3591
msgid ""
"Please traverse directories and peek into the system using the above "
"commands as training.  If you have questions on any of console commands, "
"please make sure to read the manual page."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3593
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ man man\n"
"$ man bash\n"
"$ man builtins\n"
"$ man grep\n"
"$ man ls"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3598
msgid ""
"The style of man pages may be a little hard to get used to, because they are "
"rather terse, particularly the older, very traditional ones. But once you "
"get used to it, you come to appreciate their succinctness."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3599
msgid ""
"Please note that many Unix-like commands including ones from GNU and BSD "
"display brief help information if you invoke them in one of the following "
"ways (or without any arguments in some cases)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3600
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; -h"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3605
msgid "The simple shell command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3606
msgid ""
"Now you have some feel on how to use the Debian system.  Let's look deep "
"into the mechanism of the command execution in the Debian system. Here, I "
"have simplified reality for the newbie.  See <literal>bash</literal>(1) for "
"the exact explanation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3607
msgid "A simple command is a sequence of components."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3611
msgid "Variable assignments (optional)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3616
msgid "Command name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3621
msgid "Arguments (optional)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3626
msgid ""
"Redirections (optional: <literal>&gt;</literal> , "
"<literal>&gt;&gt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;</literal> , "
"<literal>&lt;&lt;</literal> , etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3631
msgid ""
"Control operator (optional: <literal>&amp;&amp;</literal> , "
"<literal>||</literal> , &lt;newline&gt; , <literal>;</literal> , "
"<literal>&amp;</literal> , <literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal> )"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3636
msgid "Command execution and environment variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3637
msgid ""
"Values of some <ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">environment "
"variables</ulink> change the behavior of some Unix commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3638
msgid ""
"Default values of environment variables are initially set by the PAM system "
"and then some of them may be reset by some application programs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3642
msgid ""
"The display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal> resets environment "
"variables."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3647
msgid ""
"The shell in its start up codes resets environment variables in "
"\"<literal>~/bash_profile</literal>\" and \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3653
msgid "\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3654
msgid ""
"The full locale value given to \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable "
"consists of 3 parts: \"<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3656
msgid "3 parts of locale value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3663
msgid "locale value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3673
msgid "<literal>xx</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3676
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639 language codes "
"(lower case) such as \"en\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3681
msgid "<literal>YY</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3684
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166 country codes "
"(upper case) such as \"US\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3689
msgid "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3692
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">codeset, always set to "
"\"UTF-8\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3698
msgid ""
"For language codes and country codes, see pertinent description in the "
"\"<literal>info gettext</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3699
msgid ""
"For the codeset on the modern Debian system, you should always set it to "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis> unless you "
"specifically want to use the historic one with good reason and background "
"knowledge."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3700
msgid ""
"For fine details of the locale configuration, see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3702
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>\" is not \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" "
"nor \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\". It is "
"\"<literal>LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1</literal>\" (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3705
msgid "List of locale recommendations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3712
msgid "locale recommendation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3715
msgid "Language (area)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3722 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18808
msgid "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3725
msgid "English(USA)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3730
msgid "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3733
msgid "English(Great_Britain)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3738
msgid "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3741
msgid "French(France)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3746
msgid "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3749
msgid "German(Germany)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3754
msgid "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3757
msgid "Italian(Italy)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3762 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18819 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18851
msgid "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3765
msgid "Spanish(Spain)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3770
msgid "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3773
msgid "Catalan(Spain)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3778
msgid "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3781
msgid "Swedish(Sweden)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3786
msgid "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3789
msgid "Portuguese(Brazil)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3794
msgid "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3797
msgid "Russian(Russia)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3802
msgid "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3805
msgid "Chinese(P.R._of_China)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3810
msgid "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3813
msgid "Chinese(Taiwan_R.O.C.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3818
msgid "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3821
msgid "Japanese(Japan)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3826
msgid "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3829
msgid "Korean(Republic_of_Korea)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3834
msgid "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3837
msgid "Vietnamese(Vietnam)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3843
msgid "Typical command execution uses a shell line sequence as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3844
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Sun Jun  3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n"
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3848
msgid ""
"Here, the program <literal>date</literal>(1) is executed with different "
"values of the environment variable \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3852
msgid ""
"For the first command, \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is set to the system "
"default <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> value "
"\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3857
msgid ""
"For the second command, \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is set to the French "
"UTF-8 <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> value "
"\"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3861
msgid ""
"Most command executions usually do not have preceding environment variable "
"definition.  For the above example, you can alternatively execute as the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3862
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n"
"$ date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3865
msgid ""
"As you can see here, the output of command is affected by the environment "
"variable to produce French output.  If you want the environment variable to "
"be inherited to subprocesses (e.g., when calling shell script), you need to "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">export</emphasis> it instead by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3866
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ export LANG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3868
msgid ""
"When filing a bug report, running and checking the command under "
"\"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" is good idea if you use non-English "
"environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3870
msgid ""
"See <literal>locale</literal>(5) and <literal>locale</literal>(7) for "
"\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" and related environment variables."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3872
msgid ""
"I recommend you to configure the system environment just by the "
"\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable and to stay away from "
"\"<literal>$LC_*</literal>\" variables unless it is absolutely needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3876
msgid "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3877
msgid ""
"When you type a command into the shell, the shell searches the command in "
"the list of directories contained in the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" "
"environment variable.  The value of the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" "
"environment variable is also called the shell's search path."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3878
msgid ""
"In the default Debian installation, the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" "
"environment variable of user accounts may not include "
"\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/sbin</literal>\".  For "
"example, the <literal>ifconfig</literal> command needs to be issued with "
"full path as \"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\". (Similar "
"<literal>ip</literal> command is located in \"<literal>/bin</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3879
msgid ""
"You can change the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of Bash "
"shell by \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3882
msgid "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3883
msgid ""
"Many commands stores user specific configuration in the home directory and "
"changes their behavior by their contents.  The home directory is identified "
"by the environment variable \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3885
msgid "List of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" values"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3892
msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3895
msgid "program execution situation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3905
msgid "program run by the init process (daemon)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3910 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3942
msgid "<literal>/root</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3913
msgid "program run from the normal root shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3918 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3926 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3934
msgid "<literal>/home/&lt;normal_user&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3921
msgid "program run from the normal user shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3929
msgid "program run from the normal user GUI desktop menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3937
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo program</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3945
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3952
msgid ""
"Shell expands \"<literal>~/</literal>\" to current user’s home directory, "
"i.e., \"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\". Shell expands "
"\"<literal>~foo/</literal>\" to <literal>foo</literal>'s home directory, "
"i.e., \"<literal>/home/foo/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3956
msgid "Command line options"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3957
msgid ""
"Some commands take arguments.  Arguments starting with "
"\"<literal>-</literal>\" or \"<literal>--</literal>\" are called options and "
"control the behavior of the command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3958
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n"
"$ date -R\n"
"Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3962
msgid ""
"Here the command-line argument \"<literal>-R</literal>\" changes "
"<literal>date</literal>(1) behavior to output <ulink "
"url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink> compliant date string."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3965
msgid "Shell glob"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3966
msgid ""
"Often you want a command to work with a group of files without typing all of "
"them.  The filename expansion pattern using the shell <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">glob</emphasis>, (sometimes referred as <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">wildcards</emphasis>), facilitate this need."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3968
msgid "Shell glob patterns"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3975
msgid "shell glob pattern"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3978
msgid "description of match rule"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3985
msgid "<literal>*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3988
msgid "filename (segment) not started with \"<literal>.</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3993
msgid "<literal>.*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3996
msgid "filename (segment) started with \"<literal>.</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4001 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6282
msgid "<literal>?</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4004
msgid "exactly one character"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4009
msgid "<literal>[…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4012
msgid "exactly one character with any character enclosed in brackets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4017
msgid "<literal>[a-z]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4020
msgid ""
"exactly one character with any character between \"<literal>a</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>z</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4025
msgid "<literal>[^…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4028
msgid ""
"exactly one character other than any character enclosed in brackets "
"(excluding \"<literal>^</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4035
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mkdir junk; cd junk; touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo *.txt\n"
"1.txt 2.txt\n"
"$ echo *\n"
"1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo *.[hc]\n"
"3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo .*\n"
". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo .*[^.]*\n"
".5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo [^1-3]*\n"
"4.h\n"
"$ cd ..; rm -rf junk"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4049
msgid "See <literal>glob</literal>(7)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4051
msgid ""
"Unlike normal filename expansion by the shell, the shell pattern "
"\"<literal>*</literal>\" tested in <literal>find</literal>(1) with "
"\"<literal>-name</literal>\" test etc., matches the initial "
"\"<literal>.</literal>\" of the filename. (New <ulink "
"url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> feature)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4054
msgid ""
"BASH can be tweaked to change its glob behavior with its shopt builtin "
"options such as \"<literal>dotglob</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>noglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>nullglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>extglob</literal>\", etc.  See <literal>bash</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4058
msgid "Return value of the command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4059
msgid ""
"Each command returns its exit status (variable: \"<literal>$?</literal>\") "
"as the return value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4061
msgid "Command exit codes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4069
msgid "command exit status"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4072
msgid "numeric return value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4075
msgid "logical return value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4082
msgid "success"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4085
msgid "zero, 0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4088
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4093
msgid "error"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4096
msgid "non-zero, -1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4099
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FALSE</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4106
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n"
"0\n"
"$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n"
"1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4111
msgid ""
"Please note that, in the logical context for the shell, <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">success</emphasis> is treated as the logical <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis> which has 0 (zero) as its value.  This is "
"somewhat non-intuitive and needs to be reminded here."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4115
msgid "Typical command sequences and shell redirection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4116
msgid ""
"Let's try to remember following shell command idioms typed in one line as a "
"part of shell command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4118
msgid "Shell command idioms"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4125
msgid "command idiom"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4135
msgid "<literal>command &amp;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4137
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">background</emphasis> execution of "
"<literal>command</literal> in the subshell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4142
msgid "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4144
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">pipe</emphasis> the standard output of "
"<literal>command1</literal> to the standard input of "
"<literal>command2</literal> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrent</emphasis> "
"execution)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4149
msgid "<literal>command1 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4151
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">pipe</emphasis> both standard output and standard "
"error of <literal>command1</literal> to the standard input of "
"<literal>command2</literal> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrent</emphasis> "
"execution)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4156
msgid "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4159
msgid ""
"execute <literal>command1</literal> and <literal>command2</literal> "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4164
msgid "<literal>command1 &amp;&amp; command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4167
msgid ""
"execute <literal>command1</literal>; if successful, execute "
"<literal>command2</literal> <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis> (return success if both "
"<literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">and</emphasis> "
"<literal>command2</literal> are successful)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4172
msgid "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4175
msgid ""
"execute <literal>command1</literal>; if not successful, execute "
"<literal>command2</literal> <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis> (return success if "
"<literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">or</emphasis> "
"<literal>command2</literal> are successful)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4180
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4183
msgid ""
"redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (overwrite)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4188
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4191
msgid ""
"redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (overwrite)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4196
msgid "<literal>command &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4199
msgid ""
"redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (append)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4204
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4207
msgid ""
"redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (append)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4212
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo 2&gt;&amp;1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4215
msgid ""
"redirect both standard output and standard error of "
"<literal>command</literal> to a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4220
msgid "<literal>command &lt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4223
msgid ""
"redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4228
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt; delimiter</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4231
msgid ""
"redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines "
"until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met (here document)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4236
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt;- delimiter</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4239
msgid ""
"redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines "
"until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met (here document, the leading "
"tab characters are stripped from input lines)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4245
msgid ""
"The Debian system is a multi-tasking system. Background jobs allow users to "
"run multiple programs in a single shell.  The management of the background "
"process involves the shell builtins: <literal>jobs</literal>, "
"<literal>fg</literal>, <literal>bg</literal>, and <literal>kill</literal>.  "
"Please read sections of bash(1) under \"SIGNALS\", and \"JOB CONTROL\", and "
"<literal>builtins</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4247
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ &lt;/etc/motd pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4248
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager &lt;/etc/motd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4249
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager /etc/motd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4250
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cat /etc/motd | pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4251
msgid ""
"Although all 4 examples of shell redirections display the same thing, the "
"last example runs an extra <literal>cat</literal> command and wastes "
"resources with no reason."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4252
msgid ""
"The shell allows you to open files using the <literal>exec</literal> builtin "
"with an arbitrary file descriptor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4253
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo Hello &gt;foo\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;foo 4&gt;bar  # open files\n"
"$ cat &lt;&amp;3 &gt;&amp;4       # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;&amp;- 4&gt;&amp;-    # close files\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Hello"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4259
msgid ""
"Here, \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&lt;&amp;-</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&gt;&amp;-</literal>\" mean to close the "
"file descriptor \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis></literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4260
msgid "The file descriptor 0-2 are predefined."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4262
msgid "Predefined file descriptors"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4270
msgid "device"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4276
msgid "file descriptor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4283
msgid "<literal>stdin</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4286
msgid "standard input"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4289 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9607 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19851
msgid "0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4294
msgid "<literal>stdout</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4297
msgid "standard output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4300 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8471 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9618 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10991 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20219
msgid "1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4305
msgid "<literal>stderr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4308
msgid "standard error"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4311 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9629
msgid "2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4319
msgid "Command alias"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4320
msgid "You can set an alias for the frequently used command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4322
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ alias la='ls -la'"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4323
msgid ""
"Now, \"<literal>la</literal>\" works as a short hand for \"<literal>ls "
"-la</literal>\" which lists all files in the long listing format."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4324
msgid ""
"You can list any existing aliases by <literal>alias</literal> (see "
"<literal>bash</literal>(1) under \"SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4325
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ alias\n"
"...\n"
"alias la='ls -la'"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4328
msgid ""
"You can identity exact path or identity of the command by "
"<literal>type</literal> (see <literal>bash</literal>(1) under \"SHELL "
"BUILTIN COMMANDS\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4330
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ type ls\n"
"ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n"
"$ type la\n"
"la is aliased to ls -la\n"
"$ type echo\n"
"echo is a shell builtin\n"
"$ type file\n"
"file is /usr/bin/file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4338
msgid ""
"Here <literal>ls</literal> was recently searched while "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\" was not, thus \"<literal>ls</literal>\" is "
"\"hashed\", i.e., the shell has an internal record for the quick access to "
"the location of the \"<literal>ls</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4340 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4684
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4345
msgid "Unix-like text processing"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4346
msgid ""
"In Unix-like work environment, text processing is done by piping text "
"through chains of standard text processing tools. This was another crucial "
"Unix innovation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4348
msgid "Unix text tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4349
msgid ""
"There are few standard text processing tools which are used very often on "
"the Unix-like system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4353
msgid "No regular expression is used:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4357
msgid "<literal>cat</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs the whole content."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4361
msgid "<literal>tac</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs in reverse."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4365
msgid "<literal>cut</literal>(1) selects parts of lines and outputs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4369
msgid "<literal>head</literal>(1) outputs the first part of files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4373
msgid "<literal>tail</literal>(1) outputs the last part of files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4377
msgid "<literal>sort</literal>(1) sorts lines of text files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4381
msgid "<literal>uniq</literal>(1) removes duplicate lines from a sorted file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4385
msgid "<literal>tr</literal>(1) translates or deletes characters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4389
msgid "<literal>diff</literal>(1) compares files line by line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4396
msgid "Basic regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>) is used:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4400
msgid "<literal>grep</literal>(1) matches text with patterns."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4404
msgid "<literal>ed</literal>(1) is a primitive line editor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4408
msgid "<literal>sed</literal>(1) is a stream editor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4412
msgid "<literal>vim</literal>(1) is a screen editor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4416
msgid ""
"<literal>emacs</literal>(1) is a screen editor. (somewhat extended <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4423
msgid ""
"Extended regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>) is "
"used:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4427
msgid "<literal>egrep</literal>(1) matches text with patterns."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4431
msgid "<literal>awk</literal>(1) does simple text processing."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4435
msgid ""
"<literal>tcl</literal>(3tcl) can do every conceivable text processing: "
"<literal>re_syntax</literal>(3). Often used with <literal>tk</literal>(3tk)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4439
msgid ""
"<literal>perl</literal>(1) can do every conceivable text processing.  "
"<literal>perlre</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4443
msgid ""
"<literal>pcregrep</literal>(1) from the <literal>pcregrep</literal> package "
"matches text with <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl "
"Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink> pattern."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4447
msgid ""
"<literal>python</literal>(1) with the <literal>re</literal> module can do "
"every conceivable text processing. See "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4453
msgid ""
"If you are not sure what exactly these commands do, please use "
"\"<literal>man command</literal>\" to figure it out by yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4455
msgid ""
"Sort order and range expression are locale dependent.  If you wish to obtain "
"traditional behavior for a command, use <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">C</emphasis> locale instead of <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> ones by prepnding command with "
"\"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4458
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> regular expressions "
"(<literal>perlre</literal>(1)), <ulink "
"url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular "
"Expressions (PCRE)</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink> "
"regular expressions offered by the <literal>re</literal> module have many "
"common extensions to the normal <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4462
msgid "Regular expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4463
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&regularexpressions;\">Regular expressions</ulink> are used in "
"many text processing tools.  They are analogous to the shell globs, but they "
"are more complicated and powerful."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4464
msgid ""
"The regular expression describes the matching pattern and is made up of text "
"characters and <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4465
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> is just a character "
"with a special meaning.  There are 2 major styles, <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>, "
"depending on the text tools as described above."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4467
msgid "Metacharacters for BRE and ERE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4475
msgid "BRE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4478
msgid "ERE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4481
msgid "description of the regular expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4488
msgid "<literal> \\ .  [ ] ^ $ * </literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4491
msgid "<literal>\\ .  [ ] ^ $ *</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4494
msgid "common <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4499
msgid "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4502 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4510
msgid " "
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4505
msgid ""
"BRE only \"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4513
msgid "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4516
msgid ""
"ERE only non-\"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4527
msgid ""
"match <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-metacharacter</emphasis> "
"\"<literal>c</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4532 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4535
msgid "<literal>\\c</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4538
msgid ""
"match a literal character \"<literal>c</literal>\" even if "
"\"<literal>c</literal>\" is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> by itself"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4543 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4546
msgid "<literal>.</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4549
msgid "match any character including newline"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4554 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4557
msgid "<literal>^</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4560
msgid "position at the beginning of a string"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4565 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4568
msgid "<literal>$</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4571
msgid "position at the end of a string"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4576 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4579
msgid "<literal>\\&lt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4582
msgid "position at the beginning of a word"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4587 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4590
msgid "<literal>\\&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4593
msgid "position at the end of a word"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4598
msgid "<literal>\\[abc…\\]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4601
msgid "<literal>[abc…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4604
msgid "match any characters in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4609
msgid "<literal>\\[^abc…\\]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4612
msgid "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4615
msgid "match any characters except in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4620 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4623
msgid "<literal>r*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4626
msgid ""
"match zero or more regular expressions identified by "
"\"<literal>r</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4631
msgid "<literal>r\\+</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4634
msgid "<literal>r+</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4637
msgid "match one or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4642
msgid "<literal>r\\?</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4645
msgid "<literal>r?</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4648
msgid "match zero or one regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4653
msgid "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4656
msgid "<literal>r1|r2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4659
msgid ""
"match one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>r2</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4664
msgid "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4667
msgid "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4670
msgid ""
"match one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>r2</literal>\" and treat it as a <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4676
msgid ""
"The regular expression of <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis> is basically <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> but has been extended to treat "
"\"<literal>+</literal>\"and \"<literal>?</literal>\" as the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis> as in <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>.  Thus, there are no needs to escape them "
"with \"<literal>\\</literal>\" in the regular expression of "
"<literal>emacs</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4677
msgid ""
"<literal>grep</literal>(1) can be used to perform the text search using the "
"regular expression."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4679
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4688
msgid "Replacement expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4689
msgid "For the replacement expression, some characters have special meanings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4691
msgid "The replacement expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4698
msgid "replacement expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4701
msgid "description of the text to replace the replacement expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4708
msgid "<literal>&amp;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4711
msgid ""
"what the regular expression matched (use <literal>\\&amp;</literal> in "
"<literal>emacs</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4716
msgid "<literal>\\n</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4719
msgid ""
"what the n-th <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular "
"expression matched (\"n\" being number)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4725
msgid ""
"For Perl replacement string, \"<literal>$n</literal>\" is used instead of "
"\"<literal>\\n</literal>\" and \"<literal>&amp;</literal>\" has no special "
"meaning."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4727
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=&amp;="
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4739
msgid ""
"Here please pay extra attention to the style of the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression and how the matched "
"strings are used in the text replacement process on different tools."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4740
msgid ""
"These regular expressions can be used for cursor movements and text "
"replacement actions in some editors too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4741
msgid ""
"The back slash \"<literal>\\</literal>\" at the end of line in the shell "
"commandline escapes newline as a white space character and continues shell "
"command line input to the next line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4742
msgid "Please read all the related manual pages to learn these commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4745
msgid "Global substitution with regular expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4746
msgid ""
"The <literal>ed</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of "
"\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4747
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ed file &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n"
"w\n"
"q\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4752
msgid ""
"The <literal>sed</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of "
"\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4753
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sed file 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g' | sponge file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4755
msgid ""
"The <literal>sponge</literal>(8) command is a non-standard Unix tool offered "
"by the <literal>moreutils</literal> package.  This is quite useful when you "
"wish to overwrite original file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4757
msgid ""
"The <literal>vim</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of "
"\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\" by using <literal>ex</literal>(1) commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4758
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4760
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>c</literal>\" flag in the above ensures interactive "
"confirmation for each substitution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4762
msgid ""
"Multiple files (\"<literal>file1</literal>\", \"<literal>file2</literal>\", "
"and \"<literal>file3</literal>\") can be processed with regular expressions "
"similarly with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>perl</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4763
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/ge|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4765
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>e</literal>\" flag in the above prevents the \"No match\" "
"error from breaking a mapping."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4767
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4768
msgid ""
"In the perl(1) example, \"<literal>-i</literal>\" is for in-place editing, "
"\"<literal>-p</literal>\" is for implicit loop over files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4770
msgid ""
"Use of argument \"<literal>-i.bak</literal>\" instead of "
"\"<literal>-i</literal>\" keeps each original file by adding "
"\"<literal>.bak</literal>\" to its filename.  This makes recovery from "
"errors easier for complex substitutions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4773
msgid ""
"<literal>ed</literal>(1) and <literal>vim</literal>(1) are <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>; <literal>perl</literal>(1) is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4777
msgid "Extracting data from text file table"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4778
msgid ""
"Let's consider a text file called \"<literal>DPL</literal>\" in which some "
"pre-2004 Debian project leader's names and their initiation days are listed "
"in a space-separated format."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4780
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Bruce   Perens    April   1996\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"Wichert Akkerman  January 1999\n"
"Ben     Collins   April   2001\n"
"Bdale   Garbee    April   2002\n"
"Martin  Michlmayr March   2003"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4788
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">\"A Brief History of "
"Debian\"</ulink> for the latest <ulink "
"url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian leadership history</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4790
msgid "Awk is frequently used to extract data from these types of files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4792
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ awk '{ print $3 }' &lt;DPL                   # month started\n"
"August\n"
"April\n"
"January\n"
"January\n"
"April\n"
"April\n"
"March\n"
"$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' &lt;DPL          # DPL called Ian\n"
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' &lt;DPL # When Perens started\n"
"April 1996"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4805
msgid "Shells such as Bash can be also used to parse this kind of file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4807
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ while read first last month year; do\n"
"    echo $month\n"
"  done &lt;DPL\n"
"... same output as the first Awk example"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4811
msgid ""
"Here, the <literal>read</literal> builtin command uses characters in "
"\"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" (internal field separators) to split lines into "
"words."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4812
msgid ""
"If you change \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" to \"<literal>:</literal>\", you "
"can parse \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" with shell nicely."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4813
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\"   # save old value\n"
"$ IFS=':'\n"
"$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n"
"    if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n"
"      echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"  done &lt; /etc/passwd\n"
"bozo's ID is 1000\n"
"$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\"   # restore old value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4822
msgid ""
"(If Awk is used to do the equivalent, use \"<literal>FS=':'</literal>\" to "
"set the field separator.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4823
msgid ""
"IFS is also used by the shell to split results of parameter expansion, "
"command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.  These do not occur within "
"double or single quoted words.  The default value of IFS is &lt;space&gt;, "
"&lt;tab&gt;, and &lt;newline&gt; combined."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4824
msgid ""
"Be careful about using this shell IFS tricks.  Strange things may happen, "
"when shell interprets some parts of the script as its <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">input</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4825
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ IFS=\":,\"                        # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n"
"$ echo IFS=$IFS,   IFS=\"$IFS\"     # echo is a Bash builtin\n"
"IFS=  , IFS=:,\n"
"$ date -R                         # just a command output\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)                 # sub shell --&gt; input to main shell\n"
"Sat  23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n"
"$ unset IFS                       # reset IFS to the default\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4837
msgid "Script snippets for piping commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4838
msgid "The following scripts do nice things as a part of a pipe."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4840
msgid "List of script snippets for piping commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4847
msgid "script snippet (type in one line)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4850
msgid "effect of command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4857
msgid "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4860
msgid "find all files under \"<literal>/usr</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4865
msgid "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4868
msgid "print 1 to 100"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4873
msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 &lt;command&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4876
msgid "run command repeatedly with each item from pipe as its argument"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4881
msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 echo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4884
msgid "split white-space-separated items from pipe into lines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4889
msgid "<literal> | xargs echo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4892
msgid "merge all lines from pipe into a line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4897
msgid "<literal> | grep -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4900
msgid "extract lines from pipe containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4905
msgid "<literal> | grep -v -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4908
msgid "extract lines from pipe not containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4913
msgid "<literal> | cut -d: -f3 -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4916
msgid ""
"extract third field from pipe separated by \"<literal>:</literal>\" (passwd "
"file etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4921
msgid "<literal> | awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4924
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by whitespaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4929
msgid "<literal> | awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4932
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by tab"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4937
msgid "<literal> | col -bx</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4940
msgid "remove backspace and expand tabs to spaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4945
msgid "<literal> | expand -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4948
msgid "expand tabs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4953
msgid "<literal> | sort| uniq</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4956
msgid "sort and remove duplicates"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4961
msgid "<literal> | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4964
msgid "convert uppercase to lowercase"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4969
msgid "<literal> | tr -d '\\n'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4972
msgid "concatenate lines into one line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4977
msgid "<literal> | tr -d '\\r'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4980
msgid "remove CR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4985
msgid "<literal> | sed 's/^/# /'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4988
msgid "add \"<literal>#</literal>\" to the start of each line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4993
msgid "<literal> | sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4996
msgid "remove \"<literal>.ext</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5001
msgid "<literal> | sed -n -e 2p</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5004
msgid "print the second line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5009
msgid "<literal> | head -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5012
msgid "print the first 2 lines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5017
msgid "<literal> | tail -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5020
msgid "print the last 2 lines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5026
msgid ""
"One-line shell script can loop over many files using "
"<literal>find</literal>(1) and <literal>xargs</literal>(1) to perform quite "
"complicated tasks.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5027
msgid ""
"When using the shell interactive mode becomes too complicated, please "
"consider to write a shell script (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5032
msgid "Debian package management"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5034
msgid ""
"This chapter is written assuming the latest stable release is codename: "
"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5036
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> is a volunteer organization which "
"builds <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent</emphasis> distributions of "
"pre-compiled binary packages of free software and distributes them from its "
"archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5037
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">The Debian archive</ulink> is offered by "
"<ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">many remote mirror sites</ulink> for "
"access through HTTP and FTP methods. It is also available as <ulink "
"url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5038
msgid ""
"The Debian package management system, <emphasis role=\"strong\">when used "
"properly</emphasis>, offers the user to install <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">consistent sets of binary packages</emphasis> to the system "
"from the archive.  Currently, there are &all-packages; packages available "
"for the &arch; architecture."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5039
msgid ""
"The Debian package management system has a rich history and many choices for "
"the front end user program and back end archive access method to be used.  "
"Currently, we recommend <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) as the main front end "
"program for the Debian package management activity."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5041
msgid "List of Debian package management tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5069
msgid ""
"terminal-based package manager (current standard, front-end for "
"<literal>apt</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5077
msgid ""
"Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), front-end for <literal>dpkg</literal> "
"providing \"<literal>http</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp</literal>\", and "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\" archive access methods "
"(<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> commands included)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5085
msgid ""
"tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian system (front-end for "
"APT)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5093
msgid ""
"enhancement package for APT to enable automatic installation of security "
"upgrades"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5101
msgid ""
"terminal-based package manager (previous standard, front-end for APT and "
"other old access methods)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5109
msgid "package management system for Debian"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5117
msgid "graphical package manager (GNOME front-end for APT)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5125
msgid "graphical package manager (KDE front-end for APT)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5133
msgid ""
"APT utility programs: <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1), "
"<literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1), and <literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5141
msgid "package change history notification tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5149
msgid "lists critical bugs before each APT installation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5157
msgid "APT package searching utility — command-line interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5165
msgid "recursively lists package dependencies"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5172
msgid ""
"The annoying <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">bug #411123</ulink> for the mixed "
"use of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) "
"commands has been resolved.  If this kept you from using "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>, please reconsider."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5175
msgid "Debian package management prerequisites"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5177
msgid "Package configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5178
msgid "Here are some key points for package configuration on the Debian system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5182
msgid ""
"The manual configuration by the system administrator is respected. In other "
"words, the package configuration system makes no intrusive configuration for "
"the sake of convenience."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5187
msgid ""
"Each package comes with its own configuration script with standardized user "
"interface called <literal>debconf</literal>(7) to help initial installation "
"process of the package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5192
msgid ""
"Debian Developers try their best to make your upgrade experience flawless "
"with package configuration scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5197
msgid ""
"Full functionalities of packaged software are available to the system "
"administrator.  But ones with security risks are disabled in the default "
"installation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5202
msgid ""
"If you manually activate a service with some security risks, you are "
"responsible for the risk containment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5207
msgid ""
"Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system administrator.  "
"This may creates interference with popular generic helper programs for the "
"system configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5213
msgid "Basic precautions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5215
msgid ""
"Do not install packages from random mixture of suites.  It probably breaks "
"the package consistency which requires deep system management knowledge, "
"such as compiler <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&library;\">library</ulink> version, interpreter features, etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5217
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&newbie;\">newbie</ulink> Debian system administrator "
"should stay with the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release of Debian while "
"applying only security updates.  I mean that some of the following valid "
"actions are better avoided, as a precaution, until you understand the Debian "
"system very well.  Here are some reminders."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5221
msgid ""
"Do not include <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5226
msgid ""
"Do not mix standard Debian with other non-Debian archives such as Ubuntu in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5231
msgid "Do not create \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5236
msgid ""
"Do not change default behavior of package management tools through "
"configuration files without knowing their full impacts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5241
msgid ""
"Do not install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg -i "
"&lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5246
msgid ""
"Do not ever install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i "
"&lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5251
msgid "Do not erase or alter files in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5256
msgid ""
"Do not overwrite system files by installing software programs directly "
"compiled from source."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5261
msgid ""
"Install them into \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>/opt</literal>\", if needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5267
msgid ""
"The non-compatible effects caused by above actions to the Debian package "
"management system may leave your system unusable."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5268
msgid ""
"The serious Debian system administrator who runs mission critical servers, "
"should use extra precautions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5272
msgid ""
"Do not install any packages including security updates from Debian without "
"thoroughly testing them with your particular configuration under safe "
"conditions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5277
msgid "You as the system administrator are responsible for your system in the end."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5282
msgid "The long stability history of Debian system is no guarantee by itself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5290
msgid "Life with eternal upgrades"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5291
msgid ""
"Despite my warnings above, I know many readers of this document wish to run "
"the <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> suites of "
"Debian as their main system for <emphasis role=\"strong\">self-administered "
"Desktop environments</emphasis>. This is because they work very well, are "
"updated frequently, and offer the latest features."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5293
msgid ""
"For your <emphasis role=\"strong\">production server</emphasis>, the "
"<literal>stable</literal> suite with the security updates is recommended.  "
"The same can be said for desktop PCs on which you can spend limited "
"administration efforts, e.g. for your mother's PC."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5295
msgid ""
"It takes no more than simply setting the distribution string in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to the suite name: "
"\"<literal>testing</literal>\" or \"<literal>unstable</literal>\"; or the "
"codename: \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>\". This makes you live <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">the life of eternal upgrades</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5296
msgid ""
"The use of <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> is "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">a lot of fun</emphasis> but comes with some "
"risks.  Even though the <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system "
"looks very stable for most of the times, there have been some package "
"problems on the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> "
"suite of Debian system and a few of them were not so trivial to resolve. It "
"may be <emphasis role=\"strong\">quite painful</emphasis> for "
"you. Sometimes, you may have a broken package or missing functionality for a "
"few weeks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5297
msgid ""
"Here are some ideas to ensure quick and easy recovery from bugs in Debian "
"packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5301
msgid ""
"Make the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">dual bootable</emphasis> by "
"installing the <literal>stable</literal> suite of Debian system to another "
"partition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5306
msgid ""
"Make the installation CD handy for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">rescue "
"boot</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5311
msgid ""
"Consider installing <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> to check the <ulink "
"url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian Bug Tracking System "
"(BTS)</ulink> information before the upgrade"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5316
msgid "Learn the package system infrastructure enough to work around the problem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5321
msgid ""
"Create a chroot or similar environment and run the latest system in it in "
"advance (see <xref linkend=\"_virtualized_system\"/>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5325
msgid ""
"(If you can not do any one of these precautionary actions, you are probably "
"not ready for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> "
"suites.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5326
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">Enlightenment</ulink> with the following "
"saves a person from the eternal <ulink url=\"&karmic;\">karmic</ulink> "
"struggle of upgrade <ulink url=\"&hell;\">hell</ulink> and let him reach "
"Debian <ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">nirvana</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5329
msgid "Debian archive basics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5330
msgid ""
"Let's look into <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> "
"from a system user's perspective."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5332
msgid ""
"Official policy of the Debian archive is defined at <ulink "
"url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debian Policy Manual, Chapter 2 - "
"The Debian Archive</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5334
msgid ""
"For the typical HTTP access, the archive is specified in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following, e.g. for "
"the current <literal>stable</literal> = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> "
"system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5335
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib "
"non-free\n"
"deb-src http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib "
"non-free\n"
"\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5340
msgid ""
"Please note \"<literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal>\" must be replaced with "
"appropriate mirror site URL for your location, for USA "
"\"<literal>ftp.us.debian.org</literal>\", which can be found in <ulink "
"url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">the list of Debian worldwide "
"mirror sites</ulink>.  The status of these servers can be checked at <ulink "
"url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debian Mirror Checker site</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5341
msgid ""
"Here, I tend to use codename \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" "
"instead of suite name \"<literal>stable</literal>\" to avoid surprises when "
"the next <literal>stable</literal> is released."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5342
msgid ""
"The meaning of \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is described in "
"<literal>sources.list</literal>(5) and key points are followings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5346
msgid "The \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line defines for the binary packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5351
msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line defines for the source packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5356
msgid "The 1st argument is the root URL of the Debian archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5361
msgid ""
"The 2nd argument is the distribution name: either the suite name or the "
"codename."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5366
msgid ""
"The 3rd and following arguments are the list of valid archive component "
"names of the Debian archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5370
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" lines can safely be omitted (or commented "
"out by placing \"#\" at the start of the line) if it is just for "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> which does not access source related meta "
"data. It speeds up the updates of the archive meta data. The URL can be "
"\"<literal>http://</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp://</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>file://</literal>\", …."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5372
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>sid</literal>\" is used in the above example instead of "
"\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\", the \"<literal>deb: <ulink "
"url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink> "
"…</literal>\" line for security updates in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is not required.  Security "
"updates are only available for <literal>stable</literal> and "
"<literal>testing</literal> (i.e., <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> and "
"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5374
msgid ""
"Here is the list of URL of the Debian archive sites and suite name or "
"codename used in the configuration file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5376
msgid "List of Debian archive sites"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5384
msgid "archive URL"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5387
msgid "suite name (codename)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5390
msgid "purpose"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5397 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5407 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5417 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5427 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5438
msgid ""
"<ulink "
"url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5399
msgid "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5402
msgid "stable (&codename-stable;) release"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5409
msgid "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5412
msgid "testing (&codename-testing;) release"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5419
msgid "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5422
msgid "unstable (&codename-unstable;) release"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5430
msgid "<literal>experimental</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5433
msgid "experimental pre-release (optional, only for developer)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5441
msgid "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5444
msgid "Updates for the next stable point release (optional)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5449 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5460
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5452
msgid "<literal>stable/updates</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5455
msgid "security updates for stable release (important)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5463
msgid "<literal>testing/updates</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5466
msgid "security updates for testing release (important)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5471 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5482
msgid ""
"<ulink "
"url=\"&httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile;\">http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5474
msgid "<literal>volatile</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5477
msgid "compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5485
msgid "<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5488
msgid "non-compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5493
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpbackportsorgdebian;\">http://backports.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5496
msgid "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5499
msgid "newer backported packages for &codename-stable; (non-official, optional)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5506
msgid ""
"Only pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> "
"release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed "
"with some packages from <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier "
"than running pure <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release.  If you "
"really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use "
"packages from <ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">the debian-volatile "
"project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports_org\"/>) services.  These services "
"must be used with extra care."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5509
msgid ""
"You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, "
"<literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "
"\"<literal>deb</literal>\" line.  If you list any combination of "
"<literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and "
"<literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line, "
"APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple "
"listing makes sense for these when the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file is used with clear "
"objectives (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5512
msgid ""
"For the Debian system with the <literal>stable</literal> and "
"<literal>testing</literal> suites, it is a good idea to include lines with "
"\"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\" in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to enable security updates as "
"in the example above."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5514
msgid ""
"Each Debian archive consists of 3 components. Components are alternatively "
"called <ulink url=\"&categoriesindebianpolicy;\">categories in \"Debian "
"Policy\"</ulink> or areas in <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;\">\"Debian "
"Social Contract\"</ulink>.  The component is grouped by the compliance to "
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg;\">\"The Debian Free Software "
"Guidelines\" (DFSG)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5516
msgid "List of Debian archive components"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5524 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13835
msgid "component"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5527
msgid "number of packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5530
msgid "criteria of package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5537
msgid "<literal>main</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5540
msgid "&main-packages;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5543
msgid "DSFG compliant and no dependency to <literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5548
msgid "<literal>contrib</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5551
msgid "&contrib-packages;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5554
msgid "DSFG compliant but having dependency to <literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5559
msgid "<literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5562
msgid "&non-free-packages;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5565
msgid "not DSFG compliant"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5571
msgid ""
"Here the number of packages in the above is for the &arch; architecture.  "
"Strictly speaking, only the <literal>main</literal> component archive shall "
"be considered as the Debian system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5572
msgid ""
"The Debian archive organization can be studied best by pointing your browser "
"to the each archive URL appended with <literal>dists</literal> or "
"<literal>pool</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5573
msgid ""
"The distribution is referred by two ways, the suite or <ulink "
"url=\"&codename;\">codename</ulink>. The word distribution is alternatively "
"used as the synonym to the suite in many documentations. The relationship "
"between the suite and the codename can be summarized as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5575
msgid "The relationship between suite and codename"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5584
msgid "Timing"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5587
msgid "suite = <literal>stable</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5590
msgid "suite = <literal>testing</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5593
msgid "suite = <literal>unstable</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5600
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> release"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5603
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5606 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5617
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5609 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5623
msgid "codename = <literal>sid</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5614
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> release"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5620
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5629
msgid ""
"The history of codenames are described in <ulink "
"url=\"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.3.1 Which other "
"codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5630
msgid ""
"In the stricter Debian archive terminology, the word \"section\" is "
"specifically used for the categorization of packages by the application "
"area.  (Although, the word \"main section\" may sometimes be used to "
"describe the Debian archive section which provides the main component.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5631
msgid ""
"Every time a new upload is done by the Debian developer (DD) to the "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive (via <ulink "
"url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink> processing), DD is required to ensure "
"uploaded packages to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the "
"latest <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5632
msgid ""
"If DD breaks this compatibility intentionally for important library upgrade "
"etc, there is usually announcement to <ulink "
"url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">the debian-devel mailing list</ulink> "
"etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5633
msgid ""
"Before a set of packages are moved by the Debian archive maintenance script "
"from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive to the "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive, the archive maintenance script not only "
"checks the maturity (about 10 days old) and the status of the RC bug reports "
"for the packages but also tries to ensure them to be compatible with the "
"latest set of packages in the <literal>testing</literal> archive. This "
"process makes the <literal>testing</literal> archive very current and "
"usable."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5634
msgid ""
"Through the gradual archive freeze process led by the release team, the "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive is matured to make it completely "
"consistent and bug free with some manual interventions.  Then the new "
"<literal>stable</literal> release is created by assigning the codename for "
"the old <literal>testing</literal> archive to the new "
"<literal>stable</literal> archive and creating the new codename for the new "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive.  The initial contents of the new "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive is exactly the same as that of the newly "
"released <literal>stable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5635
msgid ""
"Both the <literal>unstable</literal> and the <literal>testing</literal> "
"archives may suffer temporary glitches due to several factors."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5639
msgid ""
"Broken package upload to the archive (mostly for "
"<literal>unstable</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5644
msgid ""
"Delay of accepting the new packages to the archive (mostly for "
"<literal>unstable</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5649
msgid ""
"Archive synchronization timing issue (both for <literal>testing</literal> "
"and <literal>unstable</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5654
msgid ""
"Manual intervention to the archive such as package removal (more for "
"<literal>testing</literal>) etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5658
msgid ""
"So if you ever decide to use these archives, you should be able to fix or "
"work around these kinds of glitches."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5660
msgid ""
"For about few months after a new <literal>stable</literal> release, most "
"desktop users should use the <literal>stable</literal> archive with its "
"security updates even if they usually use <literal>unstable</literal> or "
"<literal>testing</literal> archives.  For this transition period, both "
"<literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives are not "
"good for most people. Your system is difficult to keep in good working "
"condition with the <literal>unstable</literal> archive since it suffers "
"surges of major upgrades for core packages.  The <literal>testing</literal> "
"archive is not useful either since it contains mostly the same content as "
"the <literal>stable</literal> archive without its security support (<ulink "
"url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce "
"2008-12</ulink>). After a month or so, the <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive may be usable if you are careful."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5663
msgid ""
"When tracking the <literal>testing</literal> archive, problem caused by a "
"removed package is usually worked around by installing corresponding package "
"from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive which is uploaded for bug fix."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5665
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> for "
"archive definitions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5669
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&sections;\">Sections</ulink>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5674
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">Priorities</ulink>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5679
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">Base system</ulink>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5684
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">Essential packages</ulink>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5690
msgid "Package dependencies"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5691
msgid ""
"The Debian system offers a consistent set of binary packages through its "
"versioned binary dependency declaration mechanism in the control file "
"fields.  Here is a bit over simplified definition for them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5695
msgid "\"Depends\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5700
msgid ""
"This declares an absolute dependency and all of the packages listed in this "
"field must be installed at the same time or in advance."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5707
msgid "\"Pre-Depends\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5712
msgid ""
"This is like Depends, except that it requires completed installation of the "
"listed packages in advance."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5719
msgid "\"Recommends\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5724
msgid ""
"This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.  Most users would not "
"want the package unless all of the packages listed in this field are "
"installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5731
msgid "\"Suggests\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5736
msgid ""
"This declares a weak dependency.  Many users of this package may benefit "
"from installing packages listed in this field but can have reasonable "
"functions without them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5743
msgid "\"Enhances\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5748
msgid ""
"This declares a week dependency like Suggests but works in the opposite "
"direction."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5755
msgid "\"Conflicts\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5760
msgid ""
"This declares an absolute incompatibility.  All of the packages listed in "
"this field must be removed to install this package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5767
msgid "\"Replaces\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5772
msgid ""
"This is declared when files installed by this package replace files in the "
"listed packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5779
msgid "\"Provides\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5784
msgid ""
"This is declared when this package provide all of the files and "
"functionality in the listed packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5791
msgid ""
"Please note that defining, \"Provides\", \"Conflicts\" and \"Replaces\" "
"simultaneously to an virtual package is the sane configuration.  This "
"ensures that only one real package providing this virtual package can be "
"installed at any one time."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5793
msgid ""
"The official definition including source dependency can be found in <ulink "
"url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - "
"Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5796
msgid "The event flow of the package management"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5797
msgid ""
"Here is a summary of the simplified event flow of the package management by "
"APT."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5800
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Update</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude "
"update</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5805
msgid "Fetch archive metadata from remote archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5810
msgid "Reconstruct and update local metadata for use by APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5816
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Upgrade</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude "
"safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\", "
"or \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get "
"dist-upgrade</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5821
msgid ""
"Chose candidate version which is usually the latest available version for "
"all installed packages (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> "
"for exception)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5826 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5867 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5908 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5939
msgid "Make package dependency resolution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5831
msgid ""
"Fetch selected binary packages from remote archive if candidate version is "
"different from installed version"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5836 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5877
msgid "Unpack fetched binary packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5841 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5882
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis> script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5846 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5887
msgid "Install binary files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5851 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5892
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis> script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5857
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Install</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install "
"…</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get install …</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5862 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5903 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5934
msgid "Chose packages listed on the command line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5872
msgid "Fetch selected binary packages from remote archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5898
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Remove</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove "
"…</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get remove …</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5913 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5944
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis> script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5918
msgid ""
"Remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">except</emphasis> "
"configuration files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5923 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5954
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis> script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5929
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Purge</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge "
"…</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get purge …</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5949
msgid ""
"Remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">including</emphasis> "
"configuration files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5960
msgid "Here, I intentionally skipped technical details for the sake of big picture."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5963
msgid "First response to package management troubles"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5964
msgid ""
"You should read the fine official documentation.  The first document to read "
"is the Debian specific "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README.Debian</literal>\".  "
"Other documentation in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/</literal>\" should be "
"consulted too.  If you set shell as <xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>, "
"type the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5965
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd &lt;package_name&gt;\n"
"$ pager README.Debian\n"
"$ mc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5968
msgid ""
"You may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with "
"\"<literal>-doc</literal>\" suffix for detailed information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5969
msgid ""
"If you are experiencing problems with a specific package, make sure to check "
"out <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug tracking "
"system (BTS)</ulink> sites, first."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5971
msgid "List of key web site to resolving problems with a specific package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5978
msgid "web site"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5988
msgid ""
"Home page of <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug "
"tracking system (BTS)</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5991
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5996
msgid "The bug report of a known package name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5999
msgid ""
"<literal>sensible-browser "
"\"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6004
msgid "The bug report of known bug number"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6007
msgid ""
"<literal>sensible-browser "
"\"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6013
msgid ""
"Search <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> with search words including "
"\"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\", etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6014
msgid ""
"When you file a bug report, please use <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) "
"command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6018
msgid "Basic package management operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6019
msgid ""
"Aptitude is the current preferred package management tool for the Debian "
"system.  It can be used as the commandline alternative to "
"<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> and also as the "
"full screen interactive package management tool."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6020
msgid ""
"For the package management operation which involves package installation or "
"updates package metadata, you need to have root privilege."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6022
msgid "Basic package management operations with commandline"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6023
msgid ""
"Here are basic package management operations with commandline using "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) "
"/<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6025
msgid ""
"Basic package management operations with commandline using "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) "
"/<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6032
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> syntax"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6034
msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> syntax"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6044
msgid "<literal>aptitude update</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6047
msgid "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6050
msgid "update package archive metadata"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6055
msgid "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6058
msgid "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6061
msgid ""
"install candidate version of \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its "
"dependencies"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6066
msgid "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6069
msgid "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6072
msgid ""
"install candidate version of installed packages without removing any other "
"packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6077
msgid "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6080
msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade &lt;package&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6083
msgid ""
"install candidate version of installed packages while removing other "
"packages if needed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6088
msgid "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6091
msgid "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6094
msgid ""
"remove \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package while leaving its configuration "
"files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6099 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6168 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6179 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14573 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16986 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16989 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17196 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17199 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17202 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17212 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17215 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21348 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21351 debian-reference.en.xmlt:23970 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25789 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25800
msgid "N/A"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6102
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6105
msgid "remove auto-installed packages which is no longer required"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6110
msgid "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6113
msgid "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6116
msgid "purge \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its configuration files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6121
msgid "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6124
msgid "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6127
msgid "clear out the local repository of retrieved package files completely"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6132
msgid "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6135
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6138
msgid ""
"clear out the local repository of retrieved package files for outdated "
"packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6143
msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6146
msgid "<literal>apt-cache show &lt;package&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6149
msgid "display detailed information about \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6154
msgid "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6157
msgid "<literal>apt-cache search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6160
msgid "search packages which match &lt;regex&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6165
msgid "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6171
msgid "explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages should be installed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6176
msgid "<literal>aptitude why-not &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6182
msgid "explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages can not be installed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6188
msgid ""
"Although it is now safe to mix different package tools on the Debian system, "
"it is best to continue using <literal>aptitude</literal> as much as "
"possible."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6189
msgid ""
"The difference between "
"\"<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>upgrade</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>full-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>\" only "
"appears when new versions of packages stand in different dependency "
"relationships from old versions of those packages.  The \"<literal>aptitude "
"safe-upgrade</literal>\" command does not install new packages nor remove "
"installed packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6190
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\" can list more "
"information by \"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\".  "
"Similar information can be obtained by \"<literal>apt-cache rdepends "
"&lt;package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6191
msgid ""
"When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode "
"and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full "
"screen interactive mode by pressing \"<literal>e</literal>\"-key later at "
"the prompt."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6192
msgid "You may provide command options right after \"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6194
msgid "Notable command options for <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6201
msgid "command option"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6211
msgid "<literal>-s</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6214
msgid "simulate the result of the command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6219
msgid "<literal>-d</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6222
msgid "download only but no install/upgrade"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6227
msgid "<literal>-D</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6230
msgid "show brief explanations before the automatic installations and removals"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6236
msgid ""
"See <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and \"aptitude user's manual\" at "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\" for more."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6238
msgid ""
"The <literal>dselect</literal> package is still available and was the "
"preferred full screen interactive package management tool in previous "
"releases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6242
msgid "Interactive use of aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6243
msgid ""
"For the interactive package management, you start "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode from the console shell "
"prompt as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6244
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo aptitude -u\n"
"Password:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6246
msgid ""
"This updates the local copy of the archive information and display the "
"package list in the full screen with menu.  Aptitude places its "
"configuration at \"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6248
msgid ""
"If you want to use root's configuration instead of user's one, use "
"\"<literal>sudo -H aptitude …</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>sudo "
"aptitude …</literal>\" in the above expression."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6251
msgid ""
"<literal>Aptitude</literal> automatically sets <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">pending actions</emphasis> as it is started "
"interactively. If you do not like it, you can reset it from menu: \"Action\" "
"→ \"Cancel pending actions\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6255
msgid "Key bindings of aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6256
msgid ""
"Notable key strokes to browse status of packages and to set \"planned "
"action\" on them in this full screen mode are the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6258
msgid "List of key bindings for aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6274
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6277
msgid "menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6285
msgid ""
"display <emphasis role=\"strong\">help</emphasis> for keystroke (more "
"complete listing)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6289
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> → Help → User's Manual"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6292
msgid "display User's Manual"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6297 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20352 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24238
msgid "<literal>u</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6300
msgid "update package archive information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6305
msgid "<literal>+</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6308
msgid ""
"mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> or the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6316
msgid ""
"mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (keep "
"configuration files)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6321
msgid "<literal>_</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6324
msgid ""
"mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (remove "
"configuration files)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6329
msgid "<literal>=</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6332
msgid "place the package on <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6337
msgid "<literal>U</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6340
msgid ""
"mark all upgradable packages (function as <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6345
msgid "<literal>g</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6348
msgid ""
"start <emphasis role=\"strong\">downloading</emphasis> and <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">installing</emphasis> selected packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6353 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19991 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24206
msgid "<literal>q</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6356
msgid "quit current screen and save changes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6361
msgid "<literal>x</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6364
msgid "quit current screen and discard changes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6369
msgid "<literal>Enter</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6372
msgid "view information about a package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6377 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18797
msgid "<literal>C</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6380
msgid "view a package's changelog"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6388
msgid "change the limit for the displayed packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6396
msgid "search for the first match"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6401
msgid "<literal>\\</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6404
msgid "repeat the last search"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6410
msgid ""
"The file name specification of the command line and the menu prompt after "
"pressing \"<literal>l</literal>\" and \"<literal>//</literal>\" take the "
"aptitude regex as described below.  Aptitude regex can explicitly match a "
"package name using a string started by \"<literal>~n</literal> and followed "
"by the package name."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6412
msgid ""
"You need to press \"<literal>U</literal>\" to get all the installed packages "
"upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> in "
"the visual interface.  Otherwise only the selected packages and certain "
"packages with versioned dependency to them are upgraded to the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6416
msgid "Package views under aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6417
msgid ""
"In the interactive full screen mode of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), "
"packages in the package list are displayed as the next example."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6418
#, no-wrap
msgid "idA   libsmbclient                             -2220kB 3.0.25a-1  3.0.25a-2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6419
msgid "Here, this line means from the left as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6423
msgid "The \"current state\" flag (the first letter)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6428
msgid "The \"planned action\" flag (the second letter)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6433
msgid "The \"automatic\" flag (the third letter)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6438
msgid "The Package name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6443
msgid "The change in disk space usage attributed to \"planned action\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6448
msgid "The current version of the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6453
msgid "The candidate version of the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6458
msgid ""
"The full list of flags are given at the bottom of <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">Help</emphasis> screen shown by pressing "
"\"<literal>?</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6460
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> is chosen "
"according to the current local preferences (see "
"<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref "
"linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6461
msgid ""
"Several types of package views are available under the menu "
"\"<literal>Views</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6463
msgid "List of views for aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6471
msgid "view"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6474
msgid "status"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6477 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6555
msgid "description of view"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6484
msgid "<literal>Package View</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6487 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6498 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6509
msgid "Good"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6490
msgid "see <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/> (default)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6495
msgid "<literal>Audit Recommendations</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6501
msgid ""
"list packages which are recommended by some installed packages but not yet "
"installed are listed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6506
msgid "<literal>Flat Package List</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6512
msgid "list packages without categorization (for use with regex)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6517
msgid "<literal>Debtags Browser</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6520
msgid "Very usable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6523
msgid ""
"list packages categorized according to their <ulink "
"url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink> entries"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6528
msgid "<literal>Categorical Browser</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6531
msgid "Deprecated"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6534
msgid ""
"list packages categorized according to their category (use <literal>Debtags "
"Browser</literal>, instead)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6541
msgid ""
"Please help us <ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">improving "
"tagging packages with debtags!</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6543
msgid ""
"The standard \"<literal>Package View</literal>\" categorizes packages "
"somewhat like <literal>dselect</literal> with few extra features."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6545
msgid "The categorization of standard package views"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6552
msgid "category"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6562
msgid "<literal>Upgradable Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6565
msgid ""
"list packages organized as <literal>section</literal> → "
"<literal>component</literal> → <literal>package</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6570
msgid "<literal>New Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6578
msgid "<literal>Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6586
msgid "<literal>Not Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6594
msgid "<literal>Obsolete and Locally Created Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6602
msgid "<literal>Virtual Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6605
msgid "list packages with the same function"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6610
msgid "<literal>Tasks</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6613
msgid "list packages with different functions generally needed for a task"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6620
msgid ""
"<literal>Tasks</literal> view can be used to cherry pick packages for your "
"task."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6624
msgid "Search method options with aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6625
msgid ""
"Aptitude offers several options for you to search packages using its regex "
"formula."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6629
msgid "Shell commandline:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6634
msgid ""
"\"<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>\" to list "
"installation status, package name and short description of matching packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6639
msgid ""
"\"<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>\" to list detailed "
"description of the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6646
msgid "Interactive full screen mode:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6651
msgid "\"<literal>l</literal>\" to limit package view to matching packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6656
msgid "\"<literal>/</literal>\" for search to a matching package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6661
msgid "\"<literal>\\</literal>\" for backward search to a matching package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6666
msgid "\"<literal>n</literal>\" for find-next"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6671
msgid "\"<literal>N</literal>\" for find-next (backward)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6678
msgid ""
"The string for &lt;package_name&gt; is treated as the exact string match to "
"the package name unless it is started explicitly with "
"\"<literal>~</literal>\" to be the regex formula."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6682
msgid "The aptitude regex formula"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6683
msgid ""
"The aptitude regex formula is mutt-like extended <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>) and the meanings of the "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> specific special match rule extensions are as "
"follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6685
msgid "List of the aptitude regex formula"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6692
msgid "description of the extended match rule"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6695
msgid "regex formula"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6702
msgid "match on package name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6705
msgid "<literal>~n&lt;regex_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6710
msgid "match on description"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6713
msgid "<literal>~d&lt;regex_description&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6718
msgid "match on task name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6721
msgid "<literal>~t&lt;regex_task&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6726
msgid "match on debtag"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6729
msgid "<literal>~G&lt;regex_debtag&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6734
msgid "match on maintainer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6737
msgid "<literal>~m&lt;regex_maintainer&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6742
msgid "match on package section"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6745
msgid "<literal>~s&lt;regex_section&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6750
msgid "match on package version"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6753
msgid "<literal>~V&lt;regex_version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6758
msgid "match archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6760
msgid "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6765
msgid "match origin"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6767
msgid "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6772
msgid "match priority"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6774
msgid "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6779
msgid "match essential packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6782
msgid "<literal>~E</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6787
msgid "match virtual packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6790
msgid "<literal>~v</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6795
msgid "match new packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6798
msgid "<literal>~N</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6803
msgid "match with pending action"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6805
msgid "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6810
msgid "match installed packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6813
msgid "<literal>~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6818
msgid ""
"match installed packages with <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark "
"(auto installed package)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6821
msgid "<literal>~M</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6826
msgid ""
"match installed packages without <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark "
"(administrator selected package)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6829
msgid "<literal>~i!~M</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6834
msgid "match installed and upgradable packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6837
msgid "<literal>~U</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6842
msgid "match removed but not purged packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6845
msgid "<literal>~c</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6850
msgid "match removed, purged or can-be-removed packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6853
msgid "<literal>~g</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6858
msgid "match packages with broken relation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6861
msgid "<literal>~b</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6866
msgid "match packages with broken depends/predepends/conflict"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6869
msgid "<literal>~B&lt;type&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6874
msgid ""
"match packages from which relation &lt;type&gt; is defined to &lt;term&gt; "
"package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6877
msgid "<literal>~D[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6882
msgid ""
"match packages from which <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> "
"relation &lt;type&gt; is defined to &lt;term&gt; package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6885
msgid "<literal>~DB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6890
msgid ""
"match packages to which the &lt;term&gt; package defines relation "
"&lt;type&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6893
msgid "<literal>~R[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6898
msgid ""
"match packages to which the &lt;term&gt; package defines <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6901
msgid "<literal>~RB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6906
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend on"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6909
msgid "<literal>~R~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6914
msgid "match packages to which no other installed packages depend on"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6917
msgid "<literal>!~R~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6922
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend or recommend on"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6925
msgid "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6930
msgid "match &lt;term&gt; package with filtered version"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6933
msgid "<literal>~S filter &lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6938
msgid "match all packages (true)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6941
msgid "<literal>~T</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6946
msgid "match no packages (false)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6949
msgid "<literal>~F</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6958
msgid ""
"The regex part is the same <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> as the "
"one used in typical Unix-like text tools using \"<literal>^</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>.*</literal>\", \"<literal>$</literal>\" etc. as in "
"<literal>egrep</literal>(1), <literal>awk</literal>(1) and "
"<literal>perl</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6963
msgid ""
"The relation &lt;type&gt; is one of (depends, predepends, recommends, "
"suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6968
msgid "The default relation type is \"depends\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6973
msgid ""
"When &lt;regex_pattern&gt; is a null string, place \"<literal>~T</literal>\" "
"immediately after the command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6975
msgid "Here are some short cuts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6979
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == "
"\"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6984
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == "
"\"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6989
msgid "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6993
msgid ""
"Users familiar with <literal>mutt</literal> pick up quickly, as mutt was the "
"inspiration for the expression syntax. See \"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND "
"EXPRESSIONS\" in the \"User's Manual\" "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6995
msgid ""
"With the <literal>lenny</literal> version of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), "
"the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax such as "
"\"<literal>?broken</literal>\" may be used for regex matching in place for "
"its old <emphasis role=\"strong\">short form</emphasis> equivalent "
"\"<literal>~b</literal>\". Now space character \"<literal> </literal>\" is "
"considered as one of the regex terminating character in addition to tilde "
"character \"<literal>~</literal>\".  See \"User's Manual\" for the new "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6999
msgid "Dependency resolution of aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7000
msgid ""
"The selection of a package in <literal>aptitude</literal> not only pulls in "
"packages which are defined in its \"<literal>Depends:</literal>\" list but "
"also defined in the \"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\" list if the menu "
"\"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Dependency handling\" is set "
"accordingly.  These auto installed packages are removed automatically if "
"they are no longer needed under <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7002
msgid ""
"Before the <literal>lenny</literal> release, <literal>apt-get</literal> and "
"other standard APT tools did not offer the autoremove functionality."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7006
msgid "Package activity logs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7007
msgid "You can check package activity history in the log files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7009
msgid "The log files for package activities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7016 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7581 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7958 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9766 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11889 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11979 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12048 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14368
msgid "file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7019 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7587 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9889
msgid "content"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7026
msgid "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7029
msgid "Log of <literal>dpkg</literal> level activity for all package activities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7034
msgid "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7037
msgid "Log of generic APT activity"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7042
msgid "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7045
msgid "Log of <literal>aptitude</literal> command activity"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7051
msgid ""
"In reality, it is not so easy to get meaningful understanding quickly out "
"from these logs.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> for easier way."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7054
msgid "Aptitude advantages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7055
msgid ""
"Aptitude has advantages over other APT based packaging systems (apt-get, "
"apt-cache, synaptic, …)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7058
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> removes unused auto installed packages "
"automatically using its own extra layer of package state file "
"(<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>). (For new "
"\"<literal>lenny</literal>\", other APT does the same.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7062
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> makes it easy to resolve package conflicts and "
"to add recommended packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7066
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> makes it easy to keep track of obsolete software "
"by listing under \"Obsolete and Locally Created Packages\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7070
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> gives a log of its history in "
"\"<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7074
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> offers access to all versions of the package if "
"available."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7078
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> includes a fairly powerful regex based system "
"for searching particular packages and limiting the package display."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7082
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> in the full screen mode has "
"<literal>su</literal> functionality embedded and can be run from normal user "
"until you really need administrative privileges."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7086
msgid ""
"For the old <literal>etch</literal> release version, "
"<literal>synaptic</literal> also gives you the history log; "
"<literal>apt-get</literal> did not but you can rely on the log of "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7087
msgid "Anyway, <literal>aptitude</literal> is nice for interactive console use."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7091
msgid "Examples of aptitude operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7092
msgid "Here are few examples of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) operations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7094
msgid "Listing packages with regex matching on package names"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7095
msgid "The following command lists packages with regex matching on package names."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7096
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n"
"p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n"
"p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7099
msgid "This is quite handy for you to find the exact name of a package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7102
msgid "Browsing with the regex matching"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7103
msgid ""
"The regex \"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" "
"view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt, limits view to packages with the "
"matching description and let you browse their information interactively."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7106
msgid "Purging removed packages for good"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7107
msgid "You can purge all remaining configuration files of removed packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7108
msgid "Check results of the following command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7109
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude search '~c'"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7110
msgid ""
"If you think listed packages are OK to be purged, execute the following "
"command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7111
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude purge '~c'"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7112
msgid ""
"You may want to do the similar in the interactive mode for fine grained "
"control."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7113
msgid ""
"You provide the regex \"<literal>~c</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package "
"List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt.  This limits the package "
"view only to regex matched packages, i.e., \"removed but not purged\".  All "
"these regex matched packages can be shown by pressing "
"\"<literal>[</literal>\" at top level headings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7114
msgid ""
"Then you press \"<literal>_</literal>\" at top level headings such as "
"\"Installed Packages\".  Only regex matched packages under the heading are "
"marked to be purged by this.  You can exclude some packages to be purged by "
"pressing \"<literal>=</literal>\" interactively for each of them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7115
msgid "This technique is quite handy and works for many other command keys."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7118
msgid "Tidying auto/manual install status"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7119
msgid ""
"Here is how I tidy auto/manual install status for packages (after using "
"non-aptitude package installer etc.)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7123
msgid "Start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode as root."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7128
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>u</literal>\", \"<literal>U</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>f</literal>\" and \"<literal>g</literal>\" to update and upgrade "
"package list and packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7133
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\" and type "
"\"<literal>M</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as "
"auto installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7138
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\" and type "
"\"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as "
"manual installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7143
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\" and remove unused package by typing "
"\"<literal>-</literal>\" over each of them after exposing them by typing "
"\"<literal>[</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7148
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~i</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over "
"\"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" as manual installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7153
msgid "Exit <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7158
msgid ""
"Start \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to check "
"what are not used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7163
msgid ""
"Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed "
"packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7168
msgid ""
"Restart \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to recheck "
"REMOVED contain only expected packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7173
msgid ""
"Start \"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to autoremove "
"unused packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7177
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>m</literal>\" action over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" is an "
"optional one to prevent mass package removal situation in future."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7180
msgid "System wide upgrade with aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7182
msgid ""
"When moving to a new release etc, you should consider to perform a clean "
"installation of new system even though Debian is upgradable as described "
"below.  This provides you a chance to remove garbages collected and exposes "
"you to the best combination of latest packages.  Of course, you should make "
"a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) before doing this. I recommend to make a "
"dual boot configuration using different partition to have the smoothest "
"transition."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7184
msgid ""
"You can perform system wide upgrade to a newer release by changing contents "
"of the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file pointing to a new "
"release and running the \"<literal>aptitude update; aptitude "
"full-upgrade</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7185
msgid ""
"To upgrade from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> or "
"<literal>unstable</literal>, you replace "
"\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" example of <xref "
"linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> with "
"\"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>sid</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7186
msgid ""
"In reality, you may face some complications due to some package transition "
"issues, mostly due to package dependencies.  The larger the difference of "
"the upgrade, the more likely you face larger troubles.  For the transition "
"from the old <literal>stable</literal> to the new <literal>stable</literal> "
"after its release, you can read its new <ulink "
"url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> and follow the exact procedure "
"described in it to minimize troubles."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7187
msgid ""
"When you decide to move from <literal>stable</literal> to "
"<literal>testing</literal> before its formal release, there are no <ulink "
"url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> to help you. The difference "
"between <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> could have "
"grown quite large after the previous <literal>stable</literal> release and "
"makes upgrade situation complicated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7188
msgid ""
"You should make precautionary moves for the full upgrade while gathering "
"latest information from mailing list and using common senses."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7192
msgid "Read previous \"Release Notes\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7197
msgid "Backup entire system (especially data and configuration information)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7202
msgid "Have bootable media handy for broken bootloader."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7207
msgid "Inform users on the system well in advance."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7212
msgid "Record upgrade activity with <literal>script</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7217
msgid ""
"Apply \"unmarkauto\" to required packages, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude "
"unmarkauto vim</literal>\", to prevent removal."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7222
msgid ""
"Minimize installed packages to reduce chance of package conflicts, e.g., "
"remove desktop task packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7227
msgid ""
"Remove the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file (disable "
"apt-pinning)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7232
msgid ""
"Try to upgrade step wise: <literal>oldstable</literal> → "
"<literal>stable</literal> → <literal>testing</literal> → "
"<literal>unstable</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7237
msgid ""
"Update the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to point to new "
"archive only and run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7242
msgid ""
"Install, optionally, new <emphasis role=\"strong\">core packages</emphasis> "
"first, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7247
msgid ""
"Run the \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade -s</literal>\" command to assess "
"impact."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7252
msgid "Run the \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" command at last."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7257
msgid ""
"It is not wise to skip major Debian release when upgrading between "
"<literal>stable</literal> releases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7260
msgid ""
"In previous \"Release Notes\", GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, "
"APT tool chain, etc. have required some special attention for system wide "
"upgrade."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7262
msgid ""
"For daily upgrade in <literal>unstable</literal>, see <xref "
"linkend=\"_safeguarding_for_package_problems\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7266
msgid "Advanced package management operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7268
msgid "Advanced package management operations with commandline"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7269
msgid ""
"Here are list of other package management operations for which "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> is too high-level or lacks required "
"functionalities."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7271
msgid "List of advanced package management operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7288
msgid "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7291
msgid "list status of an installed package for the bug report"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7296
msgid "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7299
msgid "list contents of an installed package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7304
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; | egrep "
"'/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7307
msgid "list manpages for an installed package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7312
msgid "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7315
msgid "list installed packages which have matching file name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7320
msgid "<literal>apt-file search &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7323
msgid "list packages in archive which have matching file name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7328
msgid "<literal>apt-file list &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7331
msgid "list contents of matching packages in archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7336
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7339
msgid "reconfigure the exact package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7344
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7347
msgid "reconfigure the exact package with the most detailed question"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7352
msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7355
msgid "reconfigure packages from the full screen menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7360
msgid "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7363
msgid "audit system for partially installed packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7368
msgid "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7371
msgid "configure all partially installed packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7376
msgid "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7379
msgid ""
"show available version, priority, and archive information of a binary "
"package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7384
msgid "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7387
msgid "show available version, archive information of a package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7392
msgid "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7395
msgid "show source package information of a binary package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7400
msgid "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7403
msgid "install required packages to build package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7408
msgid "<literal>apt-get source &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7411
msgid "download a source (from standard archive)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7416
msgid "<literal>dget &lt;URL for dsc file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7419
msgid "download a source packages (from other archive)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7424
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg-source -x "
"&lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7427
msgid ""
"build a source tree from a set of source packages "
"(\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7432
msgid "<literal>debuild binary</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7435
msgid "build package(s) from a local source tree"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7440
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7443
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7448
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7451
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree with initramfs enabled"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7456
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg -i "
"&lt;package_name&gt;<emphasis>&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;</emphasis>&lt;arch&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7459
msgid "install a local package to the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7464
msgid ""
"<literal>debi "
"&lt;package_name&gt;<emphasis>&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;</emphasis>&lt;arch&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7467
msgid "install local package(s) to the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7472
msgid "<literal>dpkg --get-selection '*' &gt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7475
msgid "save <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7480
msgid "<literal>dpkg --set-selection &lt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7483
msgid "set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7490
msgid ""
"Lower level package tools such as \"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>debi …</literal>\" should be carefully used by the system "
"administrator.  It does not automatically take care required package "
"dependencies. Dpkg's commandline options \"<literal>--force-all</literal>\" "
"and similar (see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1)) are intended to be used by "
"experts only.  Using them without fully understanding their effects may "
"break your whole system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7492 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18120
msgid "Please note the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7496
msgid ""
"All system configuration and installation commands require to be run from "
"root."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7501
msgid ""
"Unlike <literal>aptitude</literal> which uses regex (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>), other package management commands use "
"pattern like shell glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7505
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-file</literal>(1) provided by the <literal>apt-file</literal> "
"package must run \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" in advance."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7509
msgid ""
"<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8) provided by the "
"<literal>configure-debian</literal> package runs "
"<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) as its backend."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7513
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) runs package scripts using "
"<literal>debconf</literal>(1) as its backend."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7518
msgid ""
"\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\", \"<literal>apt-get "
"source</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\" commands "
"require \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" entry in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7522
msgid ""
"<literal>dget</literal>(1), <literal>debuild</literal>(1), and "
"<literal>debi</literal>(1) require <literal>devscripts</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7527
msgid ""
"See (re)packaging procedure using \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" in "
"<xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7531
msgid ""
"<literal>make-kpkg</literal> command requires the "
"<literal>kernel-package</literal> package (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7536
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/> for general packaging."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7541
msgid ""
"The source package format described here as a set of source packages "
"(\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\") is "
"format 1.0 which is still popular.  See more on "
"<literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1) for other newer formats."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7545
msgid "Verification of installed package files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7546
msgid ""
"The installation of <literal>debsums</literal> enables verification of "
"installed package files against MD5sum values in the "
"\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\" file with "
"<literal>debsums</literal>(1).  See <xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/> for how "
"MD5sum works."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7548
msgid ""
"Because MD5sum database may be tampered by the intruder, "
"<literal>debsums</literal>(1) is of limited use as a security tool. It is "
"only good for checking local modifications by the administrator or damage "
"due to media errors."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7552
msgid "Safeguarding for package problems"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7553
msgid ""
"Many users prefer to follow the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis> release of the Debian system for its new "
"features and packages.  This makes the system more prone to be hit by the "
"critical package bugs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7554
msgid ""
"The installation of the <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> package safeguards "
"your system against critical bugs by checking Debian BTS automatically for "
"critical bugs when upgrading with APT system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7555
msgid ""
"The installation of the <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> package provides "
"important news in \"<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>\" when upgrading with APT "
"system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7558
msgid "Searching on the package meta data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7559
msgid ""
"Although visiting Debian site <ulink "
"url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink> "
"facilitates easy ways to search on the package meta data these days, let's "
"look into more traditional ways."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7560
msgid ""
"The <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1), <literal>grep-status</literal>(1), and "
"<literal>grep-available</literal>(1) commands can be used to search any file "
"which has the general format of a Debian package control file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7561
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>\" can be used "
"search package names which contain files with the matching name installed by "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>.  But this overlooks files created by the maintainer "
"scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7562
msgid ""
"If you need to make more elaborate search on the dpkg meta data, you need to "
"run \"<literal>grep -e regex_pattern *</literal>\" command in the "
"\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\" directory.  This makes you search "
"words mentioned in package scripts and installation query texts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7563
msgid ""
"If you wish to look up package dependency recursively, you should use "
"<literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7567
msgid "Debian package management internals"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7568
msgid ""
"Let's learn how the Debian package management system works internally.  This "
"should help you to create your own solution to some package problems."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7570
msgid "Archive meta data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7571
msgid ""
"Meta data files for each distribution are stored under "
"\"<literal>dist/&lt;codename&gt;</literal>\" on each Debian mirror sites, "
"e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal>\".  Its archive "
"structure can be browsed by the web browser. There are 6 types of key meta "
"data."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7573
msgid "The content of the Debian archive meta data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7584
msgid "location"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7594 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7627
msgid "<literal>Release</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7597 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7608 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7619
msgid "top of distribution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7600
msgid "archive description and integrity information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7605
msgid "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7611
msgid ""
"signature file for the \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file signed with the "
"archive key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7616
msgid "<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7622
msgid "list of all files for all the packages in the pertinent archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7630
msgid "top of each distribution/component/architecture combination"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7633
msgid ""
"archive description used for the rule of "
"<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7638
msgid "<literal>Packages</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7641
msgid "top of each distribution/component/binary-architecture combination"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7644
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for binary packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7649
msgid "<literal>Sources</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7652
msgid "top of each distribution/component/source combination"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7655
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for source packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7661
msgid ""
"In the recent archive, these meta data are stored as the compressed and "
"differential files to reduce network traffic."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7664
msgid "Top level \"Release\" file and authenticity"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7666
msgid ""
"The top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is used for signing the "
"archive under the <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7668
msgid ""
"Each suite of the Debian archive has a top level "
"\"<literal>Release</literal>\" file, e.g., "
"\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>\", "
"as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7669
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Suite: unstable\n"
"Codename: sid\n"
"Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:13:58 UTC\n"
"Architectures: alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel "
"powerpc s390 sparc\n"
"Components: main contrib non-free\n"
"Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n"
"MD5Sum:\n"
" e9f11bc50b12af7927d6583de0a3bd06 22788722 main/binary-alpha/Packages\n"
" 43524d07f7fa21b10f472c426db66168  6561398 main/binary-alpha/Packages.gz\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7682
msgid ""
"Here, you can find my rationale to use the \"suite\", \"codeneme\", and "
"\"components\" in <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>.  The "
"\"distribution\" is used when referring to both \"suite\" and \"codeneme\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7684
msgid ""
"The integrity of the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is "
"verified by cryptographic infrastructure called the <ulink "
"url=\"&secureapt;\">secure apt</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7688
msgid ""
"The cryptographic signature file \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" is "
"created from the authentic top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file and "
"the secret Debian archive key."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7693
msgid ""
"The public Debian archive key can be seeded into "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7698
msgid ""
"automatically by installing the keyring with the latest "
"<literal>base-files</literal> package, or"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7703
msgid ""
"manually by <literal>gpg</literal> or <literal>apt-key</literal> tool with "
"<ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">the latest public archive "
"key posted on the ftp-master.debian.org</ulink> ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7710
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system verifies the "
"integrity of the downloaded top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file "
"cryptographically by this \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" file and the "
"public Debian archive key in \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7714
msgid ""
"The integrity of all the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files are verified by using MD5sum values in "
"its top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file.  The integrity of all "
"package files are verified by using MD5sum values in the "
"\"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files.  "
"See <literal>debsums</literal>(1) and <xref "
"linkend=\"_verification_of_installed_package_files\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7715
msgid ""
"Since the cryptographic signature verification is very CPU intensive process "
"than the MD5sum value calculation, use of MD5sum value for each package "
"while using cryptographic signature for the top level "
"\"<literal>Release</literal>\" file provides <ulink "
"url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">the good security with the "
"performance</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7718
msgid "Archive level \"Release\" files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7720
msgid ""
"The archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files are used for the rule "
"of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7722
msgid ""
"There are archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files for all archive "
"locations specified by \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\", such as "
"\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" "
"or "
"\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" "
"as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7723
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7729
msgid ""
"For \"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" stanza, suite names "
"(\"<literal>stable</literal>\", \"<literal>testing</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>unstable</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink "
"url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> while codenames "
"(\"<literal>dapper</literal>\", \"<literal>feisty</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>gutsy</literal>\", \"<literal>hardy</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>intrepid</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink "
"url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">the Ubuntu archive</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7731
msgid ""
"For some archives, such as <literal>experimental</literal>, "
"<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>, and "
"<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>, which contain packages which "
"should not be installed automatically, there is an extra line, e.g., "
"\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" "
"as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7732
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: experimental\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"NotAutomatic: yes\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7738
msgid ""
"Please note that for normal archives without \"<literal>NotAutomatic: "
"yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 500, while for special "
"archives with \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default "
"Pin-Priority value is 1 (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref "
"linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7741
msgid "Fetching of the meta data for the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7742
msgid ""
"When APT tools, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>, "
"<literal>apt-get</literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, "
"<literal>apt-file</literal>, <literal>auto-apt</literal>…, are used, we need "
"to update the local copies of the meta data containing the Debian archive "
"information. These local copies have following file names corresponding to "
"the specified <literal>distribution</literal>, <literal>component</literal>, "
"and <literal>architecture</literal> names in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7746
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Release</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7751
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7756
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_&lt;component&gt;_binary-&lt;architecture&gt;_Packages</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7761
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_&lt;component&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7766
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" "
"(for <literal>apt-file</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7770
msgid ""
"First 4 types of files are shared by all the pertinent APT commands and "
"updated from command line by \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\".  The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" "
"meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\". The "
"\"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the "
"\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7771
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta "
"data contain \"<literal>Filename:</literal>\" stanza pointing to the file "
"location of the binary and source packages.  Currently, these packages are "
"located under the \"<literal>pool/</literal>\" directory tree for the "
"improved transition over the releases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7772
msgid ""
"Local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data can be "
"interactively searched with the help of <literal>aptitude</literal>.  The "
"specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search local "
"copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" "
"meta data."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7773
msgid ""
"Local copy of \"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>\" meta data "
"can be updated by \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" and its location is "
"different from other 4 ones. See <literal>apt-file</literal>(1). (The "
"<literal>auto-apt</literal> uses different location for local copy of "
"\"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" as default.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7776
msgid "The package state for APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7777
msgid ""
"In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the APT tool after "
"<literal>lenny</literal> stores its locally generated installation state "
"information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\" which "
"is used by all APT tools to track all auto installed packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7780
msgid "The package state for aptitude"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7781
msgid ""
"In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> command stores its locally generated "
"installation state information in the "
"\"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\" which is used only by it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7784
msgid "Local copies of the fetched packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7785
msgid ""
"All the remotely fetched packages via APT mechanism are stored in the "
"\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal>\" until they are cleaned."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7788
msgid "Debian package file names"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7789
msgid "Debian package files have particular name structures."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7791
msgid "The name structure of Debian packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7798
msgid "package type"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7801
msgid "name structure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7808
msgid "The binary package (a.k.a deb)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7811
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7816
msgid "The binary package for the debian-installer (a.k.a udeb)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7819
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.udeb</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7824
msgid "The source package (upstream source)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7827
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7832
msgid "The source package (Debian changes)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7835
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7840
msgid "The source package (description)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7843
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7850
msgid "The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7858
msgid "name component"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7861
msgid "usable characters (regex)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7864
msgid "existence"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7871
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7874
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-]</literal></literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7877 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7899
msgid "required"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7882
msgid "<literal>&lt;epoch&gt;:</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7885
msgid "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7888 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7910
msgid "optional"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7893
msgid "<literal>&lt;upstream-version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7896
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7904
msgid "<literal>&lt;debian.version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7907
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7917
msgid ""
"You can check package version order by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), e.g., "
"\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\" ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7920
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">The debian-installer (d-i)</ulink> "
"uses <literal>udeb</literal> as the file extension for its binary package "
"instead of normal <literal>deb</literal>.  An <literal>udeb</literal> "
"package is a stripped down <literal>deb</literal> package which removes few "
"non-essential contents such as documentation to save space while relaxing "
"the package policy requirements.  Both <literal>deb</literal> and "
"<literal>udeb</literal> packages share the same package structure.  The "
"\"<literal>u</literal>\" stands for micro."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7924
msgid "The dpkg command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7925
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) is the lowest level tool for the Debian package "
"management.  This is very powerful and needs to be used with care."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7926
msgid ""
"While installing package called \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> process it in the following order."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7930
msgid "Unpack the deb file (\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\" equivalent)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7935
msgid ""
"Execute \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\" using "
"<literal>debconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7940
msgid ""
"Install the package content to the system (\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\" "
"equivalent)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7945
msgid ""
"Execute \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\" using "
"<literal>debconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7949
msgid ""
"The <literal>debconf</literal> system provides standardized user interaction "
"with I18N and L10N (<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>) supports."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7951
msgid "The notable files created by <literal>dpkg</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7961
msgid "description of contents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7968
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.conffiles</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7971
msgid "list of configuration files. (user modifiable)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7976
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.list</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7979
msgid "list of files and directories installed by the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7984
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.md5sums</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7987
msgid "list of MD5 hash values for files installed by the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7992
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7995
msgid "package script run before the package installation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8000
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8003
msgid "package script run after the package installation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8008
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8011
msgid "package script run before the package removal"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8016
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8019
msgid "package script run after the package removal"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8024
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.config</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8027
msgid "package script for <literal>debconf</literal> system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8032
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8035
msgid ""
"the alternative information used by the "
"<literal>update-alternatives</literal> command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8040
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8043
msgid "the availability information for all the package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8048
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8051
msgid ""
"the diversions information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set "
"by`dpkg-divert`(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8056
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8059
msgid ""
"the stat override information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set "
"by`dpkg-statoverride`(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8064
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8067
msgid "the status information for all the packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8072
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8075
msgid ""
"the first-generation backup of the "
"\"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8080
msgid "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8083
msgid ""
"the second-generation backup and older ones of the "
"\"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8089
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>status</literal>\" file is also used by the tools such as "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>(1), \"<literal>dselect update</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8090
msgid ""
"The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search "
"the local copies of \"<literal>status</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>available</literal>\" meta data."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8092
msgid ""
"In <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the debian-installer</ulink> "
"environment, the <literal>udpkg</literal> command is used to open "
"<literal>udeb</literal> packages.  The <literal>udpkg</literal> command is a "
"stripped down version of the <literal>dpkg</literal> command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8096
msgid "The update-alternative command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8097
msgid ""
"The Debian system has mechanism to install somewhat overlapping programs "
"peacefully using <literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8).  For example, "
"you can make the <literal>vi</literal> command select to run "
"<literal>vim</literal> while installing both <literal>vim</literal> and "
"<literal>nvi</literal> packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8098
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n"
"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -&gt; "
"/etc/alternatives/vi\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n"
"  Selection    Command\n"
" ----------------------------------------------\n"
"      1        /usr/bin/vim\n"
"*+    2        /usr/bin/nvi\n"
"\n"
"Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8109
msgid ""
"The Debian alternatives system keeps its selection as symlinks in "
"\"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\".  The selection process uses "
"corresponding file in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8112
msgid "The dpkg-statoverride command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8113
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Stat overrides</emphasis> provided by the "
"<literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8) command are a way to tell "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) to use a different owner or mode for a <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> when a package is installed. If "
"\"<literal>--update</literal>\" is specified and file exists, it is "
"immediately set to the new owner and mode."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8115
msgid ""
"The direct alteration of owner or mode for a <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> owned by the package using "
"<literal>chmod</literal> or <literal>chown</literal> commands by the system "
"administrator is reset by the next upgrade of the package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8118
msgid ""
"I use the word <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> here, but in "
"reality this can be any filesystem object that <literal>dpkg</literal> "
"handles, including directories, devices, etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8122
msgid "The dpkg-divert command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8123
msgid ""
"File <emphasis role=\"strong\">diversions</emphasis> provided by the "
"<literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8) command are a way of forcing "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) not to install a file into its default location, "
"but to a <emphasis role=\"strong\">diverted</emphasis> location.  The use of "
"<literal>dpkg-divert</literal> is meant for the package maintenance "
"scripts.  Its casual use by the system administrator is deprecated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8127
msgid "Recovery from a broken system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8128
msgid ""
"When running <literal>unstable</literal> system, the administrator is "
"expected to recover from broken package management situation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8130
msgid "Some methods described here are high risk actions.  You have been warned!"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8133
msgid "Incompatibility with old user configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8134
msgid ""
"If a desktop GUI program experienced instability after significant upstream "
"version upgrade, you should suspect interferences with old local "
"configuration files created by it. If it is stable under newly created user "
"account, this hypothesis is confirmed.  (This is a bug of packaging and "
"usually avoided by the packager.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8135
msgid ""
"To recover stability, you should move corresponding local configuration "
"files and restart the GUI program.  You may need to read old configuration "
"file contents to recover configuration information later.  (Do not erase "
"them too quickly.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8138
msgid "Different packages with overlapped files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8139
msgid ""
"Archive level package management systems, such as "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1), do not even "
"try to install packages with overlapped files using package dependencies "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8140
msgid ""
"Errors by the package maintainer or deployment of inconsistently mixed "
"source of archives (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) by the system "
"administrator may create situation with incorrectly defined package "
"dependencies. When you install a package with overlapped files using "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1) under such "
"situation, <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) which unpacks package ensures to "
"return error to the calling program without overwriting existing files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8142
msgid ""
"The use of third party packages introduces significant system risks via "
"maintainer scripts which are run with root privilege and can do anything to "
"your system.  The <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) command only protects against "
"overwriting by the unpacking."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8144
msgid ""
"You can work around such broken installation by removing the old offending "
"package, <literal>&lt;old-package&gt;</literal>, first."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8145
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8148
msgid "Fixing broken package script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8149
msgid ""
"When a command in the package script returns error for some reason and the "
"script exits with error, the package management system aborts their action "
"and ends up with partially installed packages.  When a package contains bugs "
"in its removal scripts, the package may become impossible to remove and "
"quite nasty."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8150
msgid ""
"For the package script problem of "
"\"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", you should look into following "
"package scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8154
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8159
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8164
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8169
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8173
msgid "Edit the offending package script from the root using following techniques."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8177
msgid "disable the offending line by preceding \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8182
msgid ""
"force to return success by appending the offending line with \"<literal>|| "
"true</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8186
msgid "Configure all partially installed packages with the following command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8187
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --configure -a"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8190
msgid "Rescue with the dpkg command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8191
msgid ""
"Since <literal>dpkg</literal> is very low level package tool, it can "
"function under the very bad situation such as unbootable system without "
"network connection.  Let's assume <literal>foo</literal> package was broken "
"and needs to be replaced."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8192
msgid ""
"You may still find cached copies of older bug free version of "
"<literal>foo</literal> package in the package cache directory: "
"\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives/</literal>\".  (If not, you can download "
"it from archive of <ulink "
"url=\"&httpsnapshotdebiannet;\">http://snapshot.debian.net/</ulink> or copy "
"it from package cache of a functioning machine.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8193
msgid "If you can boot the system, you may install it by the following command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8194
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8196
msgid ""
"If system breakage is minor, you may alternatively downgrade the whole "
"system as <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/> using the higher level "
"APT system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8198
msgid ""
"If your system is unbootable from hard disk, you should seek other ways to "
"boot it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8202
msgid "Boot the system using the debian-installer CD in rescue mode."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8207
msgid ""
"Mount the unbootable system on the hard disk to "
"\"<literal>/target</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8212
msgid "Install older version of <literal>foo</literal> package by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8216
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --root /target -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8217
msgid ""
"This example works even if the <literal>dpkg</literal> command on the hard "
"disk is broken."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8219
msgid ""
"Any GNU/Linux system started by another system on hard disk, live GNU/Linux "
"CD, bootable USB-key drive, or netboot can be used similarly to rescue "
"broken system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8221
msgid ""
"If attempting to install a package this way fails due to some dependency "
"violations and you really need to do this as the last resort, you can "
"override dependency using <literal>dpkg</literal>'s "
"\"<literal>--ignore-depends</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>--force-depends</literal>\" and other options.  If you do this, "
"you need to make serious effort to restore proper dependency later. See "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>(8) for details."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8223
msgid ""
"When your system is seriously broken, you should make a full backup of "
"system to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) and "
"should perform a clean installation.  This is less time consuming and "
"produces better results in the end."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8227
msgid "Recovering package selection data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8228
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" becomes corrupt for any "
"reason, the Debian system loses package selection data and suffers "
"severely.  Look for the old \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file "
"at \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status.*</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8229
msgid ""
"Keeping \"<literal>/var/backups/</literal>\" in a separate partition may be "
"a good idea since this directory contains lots of important system data."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8230
msgid ""
"For serious breakage, I recommend to make fresh re-install after making "
"backup of the system. Even if everything in \"<literal>/var/</literal>\" is "
"gone, you can still recover some information from directories in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/</literal>\" to guide your new installation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8231
msgid "Reinstall minimal (desktop) system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8232
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mkdir -p /path/to/old/system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8233
msgid "Mount old system at \"<literal>/path/to/old/system/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8234
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /path/to/old/system/usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd /usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;&gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd\n"
"# sort ls1.txt | uniq | less"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8240
msgid ""
"Then you are presented with package names to install.  (There may be some "
"non-package names such as \"<literal>texmf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8244
msgid "Tips for the package management"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8246
msgid "How to pick Debian packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8247
msgid ""
"You can seek packages which satisfy your needs with "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> from the package description or from the list "
"under \"Tasks\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8248
msgid ""
"When you encounter more than 2 similar packages and wonder which one to "
"install without \"trial and error\" efforts, you should use some <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">common sense</emphasis>.  I consider following points are "
"good indications of preferred packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8252
msgid "Essential: yes &gt; no"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8257
msgid "Component: main &gt; contrib &gt; non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8262
msgid "Priority: required &gt; important &gt; standard &gt; optional &gt; extra"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8267
msgid "Tasks: packages listed in tasks such as \"Desktop environment\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8272
msgid ""
"Packages selected by the dependency package (e.g., "
"<literal>python2.4</literal> by <literal>python</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8277
msgid "Popcon: higher in the vote and install number"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8282
msgid "Changelog: regular updates by the maintainer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8287
msgid "BTS: No RC bugs (no critical, no grave, and no serious bugs)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8292
msgid "BTS: responsive maintainer to bug reports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8297
msgid "BTS: higher number of the recently fixed bugs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8302
msgid "BTS: lower number of remaining non-wishlist bugs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8306
msgid ""
"Debian being a volunteer project with distributed development model, its "
"archive contains many packages with different focus and quality.  You must "
"make your own decision what to do with them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8309
msgid "Packages from mixed source of archives"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8311
msgid ""
"Installing packages from mixed source of archives is not supported by the "
"official Debian distribution except for officially supported particular "
"combinations of archives such as <literal>stable</literal> with <ulink "
"url=\"&securityupdates;\">security updates</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&volatileupdates;\">volatile updates</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8313
msgid ""
"Here is an example of operations to include specific newer upstream version "
"packages found in <literal>unstable</literal> while tracking "
"<literal>testing</literal> for single occasion."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8317
msgid ""
"Change the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file temporarily to "
"single \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" entry."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8322 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8337
msgid "Run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8327
msgid "Run \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8332
msgid ""
"Recover the original \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file for "
"<literal>testing</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8341
msgid ""
"You do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file nor "
"need to worry about apt-pinning with this manual approach.  But this is very "
"cumbersome."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8343
msgid ""
"When using mixed source of archives, you must ensure compatibility of "
"packages by yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it. If package "
"incompatibility exists, you may break system. You must be able to judge "
"these technical requirements. The use of mixed source of random archives is "
"completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you "
"to use."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8345
msgid ""
"General rules for installing packages from different archives are "
"followings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8349
msgid ""
"Non-binary packages (\"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") are <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">safer</emphasis> to install."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8354
msgid "documentation packages: no special requirements"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8359
msgid "interpreter program packages: compatible interpreter must be available"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8366
msgid ""
"Binary packages (non \"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") usually face "
"many road blocks and <emphasis role=\"strong\">unsafe</emphasis> to install."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8371
msgid "library version compatibility (including \"<literal>libc</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8376
msgid "related utility program version compatibility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8381
msgid "Kernel <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8386
msgid "C++ <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8391 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9971
msgid "…"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8398
msgid ""
"In order to make a package to be <emphasis role=\"strong\">safer</emphasis> "
"to install, some commercial non-free binary program packages may be provided "
"with completely statically linked libraries.  You should still check <ulink "
"url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility issues etc. for them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8401
msgid ""
"Except to avoid broken package for a short term, installing binary packages "
"from officially unsupported archives is generally bad idea.  This is true "
"even if you use apt-pinning (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  You should consider chroot or "
"similar techniques (see <xref linkend=\"_virtualized_system\"/>) to run "
"programs from different archives."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8405
msgid "Tweaking candidate version"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8407
msgid ""
"In <literal>lenny</literal>, <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) has a bug for "
"handling \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file. (<ulink "
"url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug#514930</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8409
msgid ""
"Without the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, APT system "
"choses the latest available version as the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> using the version string.  This "
"is the normal state and most recommended usage of APT system.  All "
"officially supported combinations of archives do not require the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file since some archives which "
"should not be used as the automatic source of upgrades are marked as "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> and dealt properly."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8411
msgid ""
"The version string comparison rule can be verified with, e.g., "
"\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions ver1.1 gt ver1.1~1; echo $?</literal>\" "
"(see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1))."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8413
msgid ""
"When you install packages from mixed source of archives (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) regularly, you can "
"automate these complicated operations by creating the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file with proper entries and "
"tweaking the package selection rule for <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate "
"version</emphasis> as described in <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  "
"This is called <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8415
msgid ""
"Use of apt-pinning by a novice user is sure call for major troubles.  You "
"must avoid using apt-pinning except when you absolutely need it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8418
msgid ""
"When using apt-pinning, you must ensure compatibility of packages by "
"yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it.  The apt-pinning is "
"completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you "
"to use."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8421
msgid ""
"Archive level Release files (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) are used for the rule of "
"<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with "
"\"suite\" name for <ulink url=\"&normaldebianarchives;\">normal Debian "
"archives</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&securitydebianarchives;\">security Debian "
"archives</ulink>. (This is different from <ulink "
"url=\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink> archives).  For example, you can do "
"\"<literal>Pin: release a=unstable</literal>\" but can not do "
"\"<literal>Pin: release a=sid</literal>\" in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8424
msgid ""
"When you use non-Debian archive as a part of apt-pinning, you should check "
"what they are intended for and also check their credibility.  For example, "
"Ubuntu and Debian are not meant to be mixed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8427
msgid ""
"Even if you do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" "
"file, you can do fairly complex system operations (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) without apt-pinning."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8429
msgid ""
"Here is a simplified explanation of <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8430
msgid ""
"APT system choses highest Pin-Priority <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">upgrading</emphasis> package from available package sources "
"defined in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> package.  If the "
"Pin-Priority of the package is larger than 1000, this version restriction "
"for <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrading</emphasis> is dropped to enable "
"downgrading (see <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8431
msgid ""
"Pin-Priority value of each package is defined by \"Pin-Priority\" entries in "
"the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file or uses its default "
"value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8433
msgid "List of the default Pin-Priority value for each package source type"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8440
msgid "default Pin-Priority"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8443
msgid "package source type"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8450 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10662
msgid "990"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8452
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8457
msgid "500"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8459
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">normal</emphasis> archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8464
msgid "100"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8466
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">installed</emphasis> package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8473
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8479
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> archive can be set "
"by several methods."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8483
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" configuration file with "
"\"<literal>APT::Default-Release \"stable\";</literal>\" line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8488
msgid ""
"command line option, e.g., \"<literal>apt-get install -t testing "
"some-package</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8492
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive is set by "
"archive server having its archive level Release file (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) containing "
"\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8493
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning situation</emphasis> of "
"&lt;package&gt; from multiple archive sources is displayed by "
"\"<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8497
msgid ""
"A line started with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" lists the package "
"version of <emphasis role=\"strong\">pin</emphasis> if association just with "
"&lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>Package pin: 0.190</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8502
msgid ""
"No line with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" exists if no association "
"just with &lt;package&gt; is defined."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8507
msgid ""
"The Pin-Priority value associated just with &lt;package&gt; is listed right "
"side of all version strings, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 700</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8512
msgid ""
"\"<literal>0</literal>\" is listed right side of all version strings if no "
"association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 "
"0</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8517
msgid ""
"The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as \"<literal>Package: "
"*</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file) are "
"listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., \"<literal>200 "
"http://backports.org etch-backports/main Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8521
msgid ""
"Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> "
"technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in "
"<literal>unstable</literal> regularly upgraded while tracking "
"<literal>testing</literal>.  You list all required archives in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8522
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8525
msgid ""
"Set the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as as the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8526
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8533
msgid ""
"When you wish to install a package named "
"\"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" with its dependencies from "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive under this configuration, you issue the "
"following command which switches target release with "
"\"<literal>-t</literal>\" option (Pin-Priority of "
"<literal>unstable</literal> becomes 990.)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8534
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8535
msgid ""
"With this configuration, usual execution of \"<literal>apt-get "
"upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or "
"\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude "
"full-upgrade</literal>\" for <literal>squeeze</literal>) upgrades packages "
"which were installed from <literal>testing</literal> archive using current "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive and packages which were installed from "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive using current "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8537
msgid ""
"Be careful not to remove \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry from the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file.  Without "
"\"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry in it, APT system upgrades packages "
"using newer <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8540
msgid ""
"I usually edit the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to "
"comment out \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" archive entry right after above "
"operation.  This avoids slow update process of having too many entries in "
"the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file although this prevents "
"upgrading packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8543
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>Pin-Priority: 20</literal>\" is used instead of "
"\"<literal>Pin-Priority: 200</literal>\" for the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, already installed packages "
"having Pin-Priority value of 100 are not upgraded by "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive even if \"<literal>testing</literal>\" "
"entry in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file is removed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8545
msgid ""
"If you wish to track particular packages in <literal>unstable</literal> "
"automatically without initial \"<literal>-t unstable</literal>\" "
"installation, you must create the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and explicitly list all "
"those packages at the top of it as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8546
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8553
msgid ""
"These set Pin-Priority value for each specific package.  For example, in "
"order to track the latest <literal>unstable</literal> version of this "
"\"Debian Reference\" in English, you should have following entries in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8554
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: debian-reference-en\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: debian-reference-common\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8562
msgid ""
"This apt-pinning technique is valid even when you are tracking "
"<literal>stable</literal> archive.  Documentation packages have been always "
"safe to install from <literal>unstable</literal> archive in my experience, "
"so far."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8564
msgid ""
"Here is another example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> "
"technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in "
"<literal>experimental</literal> while tracking <literal>unstable</literal>.  "
"You list all required archives in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8565
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8568
msgid ""
"The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive "
"is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set "
"Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file just to use "
"<literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track particular "
"packages in it automatically for next upgrading."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8571
msgid "Volatile and Backports.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8572
msgid ""
"There are <ulink url=\"&debianvolatileproject;\">debian-volatile "
"project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> "
"archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8574
msgid ""
"Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as "
"<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> and "
"<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits "
"your needs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8577
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> is a non-Debian archive, "
"although its packages are signed by Debian developers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8580
msgid ""
"Archive level Release files (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) are used for the rule of "
"<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with "
"\"code\" name for <ulink url=\"&volatiledebianarchives;\">volatile Debian "
"archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For "
"example, you can do \"<literal>Pin: release a=&codename-stable;</literal>\" "
"but can not do \"<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>\" in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file for volatile Debian "
"archives."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8582
msgid ""
"Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> "
"technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in "
"<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> while tracking "
"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You "
"list all required archives in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8583
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib "
"non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile "
"main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ "
"&codename-stable;/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://backports.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports main contrib "
"non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8588
msgid ""
"The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink "
"url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> and "
"<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archives are always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since "
"they are <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set "
"Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file just to use for <ulink "
"url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> and "
"<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages "
"automatically for next upgrading."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8589
msgid ""
"So whenever you wish to install a package named "
"\"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" with its dependency from "
"<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> archive, you use following "
"command while switching target release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" "
"option."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8590
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t &codename-stable;-backports &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8591
msgid ""
"If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and explicitly lists all "
"packages in it as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8592
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8599
msgid ""
"Alternatively, with the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8600
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=stable , o=Debian\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-backports, o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-sloppy, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8615
msgid ""
"Execution of \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get "
"dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" for "
"<literal>squeeze</literal>) upgrades packages which were installed from "
"<literal>stable</literal> archive using current <literal>stable</literal> "
"archive and packages which were installed from other archives using current "
"corresponding archive for all archives in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8618
msgid "Automatic download and upgrade of packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8619
msgid ""
"The <literal>apt</literal> package comes with its own cron script "
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal>\" to support the automatic download "
"of packages.  This script can be enhanced to perform the automatic upgrade "
"of packages by installing the <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> "
"package. These can be customized by parameters in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02backup</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades</literal>\" as "
"described in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/unattended-upgrades/README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8620
msgid ""
"The <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> package is mainly intended for "
"the security upgrade for the <literal>stable</literal> system.  If the risk "
"of breaking an existing <literal>stable</literal> system by the automatic "
"upgrade is smaller than that of the system broken by the intruder using its "
"security hole which has been closed by the security update, you should "
"consider using this automatic upgrade with configuration parameters as the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8621
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8624
msgid ""
"If you are running an <literal>unstable</literal> system, you do not want to "
"use the automatic upgrade since it certainly breaks system some day.  Even "
"for such <literal>unstable</literal> case, you may still want to download "
"packages in advance to save time for the interactive upgrade with "
"configuration parameters as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8625
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"0\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8630
msgid "Limiting download bandwidth for APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8631
msgid ""
"If you want to limit the download bandwidth for APT to e.g. 800Kib/sec "
"(=100kiB/sec), you should configure APT with its configuration parameter as "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8632
#, no-wrap
msgid "APT::Acquire::http::Dl-Limit \"800\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8635
msgid "Emergency downgrading"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8637
msgid ""
"Downgrading is not officially supported by the Debian by design.  It should "
"be done only as a part of emergency recovery process.  Despite of this "
"situation, it is known to work well in many incidents.  For critical "
"systems, You should backup all important data on the system after the "
"recovery operation and re-install the new system from the scratch."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8639
msgid ""
"You may be lucky to downgrade from newer archive to older archive to recover "
"from broken system upgrade by manipulating <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  This is lazy alternative to "
"tedious actions of many \"<literal>dpkg -i "
"&lt;broken-package&gt;_&lt;old-version&gt;.deb</literal>\" commands (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8640
msgid ""
"Search lines in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file "
"tracking <literal>unstable</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8641
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-unstable; main contrib "
"non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8642
msgid "Replace it with the following to track <literal>testing</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8643
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-testing; main contrib "
"non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8644
msgid "Set the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8645
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1010"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8648
msgid ""
"Run \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" to force downgrading of "
"packages across the system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8649
msgid ""
"Remove this special \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file after "
"this emergency downgrading."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8651
msgid ""
"It is good idea to remove (not purge!) as much packages to minimize "
"dependency problems.  You may need to manually remove and install some "
"packages to get system downgraded.  Linux kernel, bootloader, udev, PAM, "
"APT, and networking related packages and their configuration files require "
"special attention."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8655
msgid "Who uploaded the package?"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8656
msgid ""
"Although the maintainer name listed in "
"\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/package_name/changelog</literal>\" provide some "
"information on \"who is behind the packaging activity\", the actual uploader "
"of the package is somewhat obscure.  <literal>who-uploads</literal>(1) in "
"the <literal>devscripts</literal> package identifies the actual uploader of "
"Debian source packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8659
msgid "The equivs package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8660
msgid ""
"If you are to compile a program from source to replace the Debian package, "
"it is best to make it into a real local debianized package "
"(<literal>*.deb</literal>) and use private archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8661
msgid ""
"If you chose to compile a program from source and to install them under "
"\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" instead, you may need to use "
"<literal>equivs</literal> as a last resort to satisfy the missing package "
"dependency."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8662
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: equivs\n"
"Priority: extra\n"
"Section: admin\n"
"Description: Circumventing Debian package dependencies\n"
" This is a dummy package which can be used to create Debian\n"
" packages, which only contain dependency information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8670
msgid "Porting a package to the stable system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8671
msgid ""
"For partial upgrades of the <literal>stable</literal> system, rebuilding a "
"package within its environment using the source package is desirable.  This "
"avoids massive package upgrades due to their dependencies."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8672
msgid ""
"Add the following entries to the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" of a <literal>stable</literal> "
"system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8673
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable  main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8674
msgid ""
"Install required packages for the compilation and download the source "
"package as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8675
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# apt-get update\n"
"# apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"# apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"$ apt-get build-dep foo\n"
"$ apt-get source foo\n"
"$ cd foo*"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8681
msgid "Adjust installed packages if needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8682
msgid "Execute the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8683 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30004
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ dch -i"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8684
msgid ""
"Bump package version, e.g. one appended with \"<literal>+bp1</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>debian/changelog</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8685
msgid "Build packages and install them to the system as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8686
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"# debi foo*.changes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8691
msgid "Proxy server for APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8692
msgid ""
"Since mirroring whole subsection of Debian archive wastes disk space and "
"network bandwidth, deployment of a local proxy server for APT is desirable "
"consideration when you administer many systems on <ulink "
"url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>.  APT can be configure to use generic web (http) "
"proxy servers such as <literal>squid</literal> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_other_network_application_servers\"/>) as described in "
"<literal>apt.conf</literal>(5) and in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/configure-index.gz</literal>\".  The "
"\"<literal>$http_proxy</literal>\" environment variable can be used to "
"override proxy server setting in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8693
msgid ""
"There are proxy tools specially for Debian archive.  You should check BTS "
"before using them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8695
msgid "List of the proxy tools specially for Debian archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8723
msgid ""
"caching proxy server for Debian archive files (compiled <ulink "
"url=\"&ocaml;\">OCaml</ulink> program)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8731
msgid "Debian archive proxy and partial mirror builder (Python program)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8739
msgid "Caching proxy for Debian package and source files (Perl program)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8747
msgid "Caching proxy for distribution of software packages (compiled C++ program)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8755
msgid "Bittorrent proxy for downloading Debian packages (Python program)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8762
msgid ""
"When Debian reorganizes its archive structure, these specialized proxy tools "
"tend to require code rewrites by the package maintainer and may not be "
"functional for a while.  On the other hand, generic web (http) proxy servers "
"are more robust and easier to cope with such changes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8766
msgid "Small public package archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8767
msgid ""
"Here is an example for creating a small public package archive compatible "
"with the modern <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>). Let's assume "
"few things."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8771
msgid "Account name: \"<literal>foo</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8776
msgid "Host name: \"<literal>www.example.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8781
msgid ""
"Required packages: <literal>apt-utils</literal>, <literal>gnupg</literal>, "
"and other packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8786
msgid ""
"URL: \"<literal>http://www.example.com/~foo/</literal>\" ( → "
"\"<literal>/home/foo/public_html/index.html</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8791
msgid "Architecture of packages: \"<literal>amd64</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8795
msgid "Create an APT archive key of Foo on your server system as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8796
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh foo@www.example.com\n"
"$ gpg --gen-key\n"
"...\n"
"$ gpg -K\n"
"...\n"
"sec   1024D/3A3CB5A6 2008-08-14\n"
"uid                  Foo (ARCHIVE KEY) &lt;foo@www.example.com&gt;\n"
"ssb   2048g/6856F4A7 2008-08-14\n"
"$ gpg --export -a 3A3CB5A6 &gt;foo.public.key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8805
msgid ""
"Publish the archive key file \"<literal>foo.public.key</literal>\" with the "
"key ID \"<literal>3A3CB5A6</literal>\" for Foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8806
msgid "Create an archive tree called \"Origin: Foo\" as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8807
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ umask 022\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/pool/main\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/source\n"
"$ cd ~/public_html/debian\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/source/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: source\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptftp.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"APT::FTPArchive::Release {\n"
"  Origin \"Foo\";\n"
"  Label \"Foo\";\n"
"  Suite \"unstable\";\n"
"  Codename \"sid\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64\";\n"
"  Components \"main\";\n"
"  Description \"Public archive for Foo\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptgenerate.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"Dir::ArchiveDir \".\";\n"
"Dir::CacheDir \".\";\n"
"TreeDefault::Directory \"pool/\";\n"
"TreeDefault::SrcDirectory \"pool/\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Extensions \".deb\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Compress \". gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Sources::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Contents::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"\n"
"BinDirectory \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\" {\n"
"  Packages \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Packages\";\n"
"  Contents \"dists/unstable/Contents-amd64\";\n"
"  SrcPackages \"dists/unstable/main/source/Sources\";\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"Tree \"dists/unstable\" {\n"
"  Sections \"main\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64 source\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8860
msgid ""
"You can automate repetitive updates of APT archive contents on your server "
"system by configuring <literal>dupload</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8861
msgid ""
"Place all package files into "
"\"<literal>~foo/public_html/debian/pool/main/</literal>\" by executing "
"\"<literal>dupload -t foo changes_file</literal>\" in client while having "
"\"<literal>~/.dupload.conf</literal>\" containing the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8862
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$cfg{'foo'} = {\n"
"  fqdn =&gt; \"www.example.com\",\n"
"  method =&gt; \"scpb\",\n"
"  incoming =&gt; \"/home/foo/public_html/debian/pool/main\",\n"
"  # The dinstall on ftp-master sends emails itself\n"
"  dinstall_runs =&gt; 1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"$cfg{'foo'}{postupload}{'changes'} = \"\n"
"  echo 'cd public_html/debian ;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive generate -c=aptftp.conf aptgenerate.conf;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive release -c=aptftp.conf dists/unstable "
"&gt;dists/unstable/Release ;\n"
"  rm -f dists/unstable/Release.gpg ;\n"
"  gpg -u 3A3CB5A6 -bao dists/unstable/Release.gpg dists/unstable/Release'|\n"
"  ssh foo@www.example.com  2&gt;/dev/null ;\n"
"  echo 'Package archive created!'\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8878
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">postupload</emphasis> hook script initiated by "
"<literal>dupload</literal>(1) creates updated archive files for each upload."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8879
msgid ""
"You can add this small public archive to the apt-line of your client system "
"by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8880
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo bash\n"
"# echo \"deb http://www.example.com/~foo/debian/ unstable main\" \\\n"
"   &gt;&gt; /etc/apt/sources.list\n"
"# apt-key add foo.public.key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8885
msgid ""
"If the archive is located on the local filesystem, you can use "
"\"<literal>deb file:///home/foo/debian/ …</literal>\" instead."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8889
msgid "Recording and copying system configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8890
msgid ""
"You can make a local copy of the package and debconf selection states by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8891
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt; selection.dpkg\n"
"# debconf-get-selections    &gt; selection.debconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8893
msgid ""
"Here, \"<literal>*</literal>\" makes \"<literal>selection.dpkg</literal>\" "
"to include package entries for \"purge\" too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8894
msgid ""
"You can transfer these 2 files to another computer, and install there with "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8895
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dselect update\n"
"# debconf-set-selections &lt; myselection.debconf\n"
"# dpkg --set-selections  &lt; myselection.dpkg\n"
"# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade    # or dselect install"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8899
msgid ""
"If you are thinking about managing many servers in a cluster with "
"practically the same configuration, you should consider to use specialized "
"package such as <literal>fai</literal> to manage the whole system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8902
msgid "Converting or installing an alien binary package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8903
msgid ""
"<literal>alien</literal>(1) enables the conversion of binary packages "
"provided in Red Hat <literal>rpm</literal>, Stampede <literal>slp</literal>, "
"Slackware <literal>tgz</literal>, and Solaris <literal>pkg</literal> file "
"formats into a Debian <literal>deb</literal> package.  If you want to use a "
"package from another Linux distribution than the one you have installed on "
"your system, you can use <literal>alien</literal> to convert it from your "
"preferred package format and install it.  <literal>alien</literal> also "
"supports LSB packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8905
msgid ""
"<literal>alien</literal>(1) should not be used to replace essential system "
"packages, such as <literal>sysvinit</literal>, <literal>libc6</literal>, "
"<literal>libpam-modules</literal>, etc.  Practically, "
"<literal>alien</literal>(1) should only used for <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">non-free</emphasis> binary-only packages which are LSB "
"compliant or statically linked.  For free softwares, you should use their "
"source packages to make real Debian packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8909
msgid "Extracting package without dpkg"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8910
msgid ""
"The current \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" package contents can be extracted "
"without using <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) on any <ulink "
"url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment using standard "
"<literal>ar</literal>(1) and <literal>tar</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8911
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ar x /path/to/dpkg_&lt;version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb\n"
"# ls\n"
"total 24\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo  1320 2007-05-07 00:11 control.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 12837 2007-05-07 00:11 data.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo     4 2007-05-07 00:11 debian-binary\n"
"# mkdir control\n"
"# mkdir data\n"
"# tar xvzf control.tar.gz -C control\n"
"# tar xvzf data.tar.gz -C data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8921
msgid "You can also browse package content using the <literal>mc</literal> command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8924
msgid "More readings for the package management"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8925
msgid "You can learn more on the package management from following documentations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8929
msgid "Primary documentations on the package management:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8933
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal>(8), <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), "
"<literal>tasksel</literal>(8), <literal>apt-get</literal>(8), "
"<literal>apt-config</literal>(8), <literal>apt-key</literal>(8), "
"<literal>sources.list</literal>(5), <literal>apt.conf</literal>(5), and "
"<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5);"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8938
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/offline.html/index.html</literal>\" from "
"the <literal>apt-doc</literal> package; and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8943
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/index.html</literal>\" from the "
"<literal>aptitude-doc-en</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8950
msgid "Official and detailed documentations on the Debian archive:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8954
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Policy Manual "
"Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive\"</ulink>,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8958
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Developer's "
"Reference, Chapter 4 - Resources for Debian Developers 4.6 The Debian "
"archive\"</ulink>, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8962
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux "
"FAQ, Chapter 5 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8969
msgid "Tutorial for building of a Debian package for Debian users:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8973
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' "
"Guide\"</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8983
msgid "The system initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8984
msgid ""
"It is wise for you as the system administrator to know roughly how the "
"Debian system is started and configured.  Although the exact details are in "
"the source files of the packages installed and their documentations, it is a "
"bit overwhelming for most of us."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8985
msgid ""
"I did my best to provide a quick overview of the key points of the Debian "
"system and their configuration for your reference, based on the current and "
"previous knowledge of mine and others. Since the Debian system is a moving "
"target, the situation over the system may have been changed.  Before making "
"any changes to the system, you should refer to the latest documentation for "
"each package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8987
msgid "An overview of the boot strap process"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8988
msgid ""
"The computer system undergoes several phases of <ulink "
"url=\"&bootstrapprocesses;\">boot strap processes</ulink> from the power-on "
"event until it offers the fully functional operating system (OS) to the "
"user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8989
msgid ""
"For simplicity, I limit discussion to the typical PC platform with the "
"default installation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8990
msgid ""
"The typical boot strap process is like a four-stage rocket.  Each stage "
"rocket hands over the system control to the next stage one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8994
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_1_the_bios\"/>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8999
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9004
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_3_the_mini_debian_system\"/>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9009
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_4_the_normal_debian_system\"/>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9013
msgid ""
"Of course, these can be configured differently.  For example, if you "
"compiled your own kernel, you may be skipping the step with the mini-Debian "
"system.  So please do not assume this is the case for your system until you "
"check it yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9015
msgid ""
"For non-legacy PC platform such as the SUN or the Macintosh system, the BIOS "
"on ROM and the partition on the disk may be quite different (<xref "
"linkend=\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/>).  Please seek the platform "
"specific documentations elsewhere for such a case."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9019
msgid "Stage 1: the BIOS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9020
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> is the 1st stage of the boot process "
"which is started by the power-on event. The <ulink "
"url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> residing on the <ulink "
"url=\"&readonlymemoryrom;\">read only memory (ROM)</ulink> is executed from "
"the particular memory address to which the program counter of CPU is "
"initialized by the power-on event."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9021
msgid ""
"This BIOS performs the basic initialization of the hardware (<ulink "
"url=\"&postpoweronselftest;\">POST: power on self test</ulink>) and hands "
"the system control to the next step which you provide.  The BIOS is usually "
"provided with the hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9022
msgid ""
"The BIOS startup screen usually indicates what key(s) to press to enter the "
"BIOS setup screen to configure the BIOS behavior. Popular keys used are F1, "
"F2, F10, Esc, Ins, and Del. If your BIOS startup screen is hidden by a nice "
"graphics screen, you may press some keys such as Esc to disable this.  These "
"keys are highly dependent on the hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9023
msgid ""
"The hardware location and the priority of the code started by the BIOS can "
"be selected from the BIOS setup screen.  Typically, the first few sectors of "
"the first found selected device (hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, …) are "
"loaded to the memory and this initial code is executed.  This initial code "
"can be any one of the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9027
msgid "The boot loader code"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9032
msgid ""
"The kernel code of the stepping stone OS such as <ulink "
"url=\"&freedos;\">FreeDOS</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9037
msgid "The kernel code of the target OS if it fits in this small space"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9041
msgid ""
"Typically, the system is booted from the specified partition of the primary "
"hard disk partition. First 2 sectors of the hard disk on legacy PC contain "
"the <ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">master boot record (MBR)</ulink>.  "
"The disk partition information including the boot selection is recorded at "
"the end of this MBR. The first boot loader code executed from the BIOS "
"occupies the rest of this MBR."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9044
msgid "Stage 2: the boot loader"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9045
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&bootloader;\">boot loader</ulink> is the 2nd stage of the "
"boot process which is started by the BIOS.  It loads the system kernel image "
"and the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> image to the memory and hands "
"control over to them.  This initrd image is the root filesystem image and "
"its support depends on the bootloader used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9046
msgid ""
"The Debian system normally uses the Linux kernel as the default system "
"kernel. The initrd image for the current 2.6 Linux kernel is technically the "
"initramfs (initial RAM filesystem) image. The initramfs image is a gzipped "
"cpio archive of files in the root filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9047
msgid ""
"The default install of the Debian system places first-stage GRUB boot loader "
"code into the <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> for the PC platform. There "
"are many boot loaders and configuration options available."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9049
msgid "List of boot loaders"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9060
msgid "bootloader"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9072
msgid "initrd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9082
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">GRUB Legacy</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9088 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9102 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9116 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9130 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9144 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9158 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9172 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19068 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19079 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19090 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19101 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19112
msgid "Supported"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9091
msgid ""
"This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and filesystems such as "
"vfat, ext3, …. (<literal>lenny</literal> default)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9096 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9110
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 2</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9105
msgid ""
"This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and filesystems such as "
"vfat, ext3, …."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9119
msgid "This is GRUB 2 bootable rescue images (CD and floppy) (PC/BIOS version)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9124
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9133
msgid "This relies on the sector locations of data on the hard disk. (Old)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9138
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9147
msgid "This understands the ISO9660 filesystem.  This is used by the boot CD."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9152
msgid "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9161
msgid ""
"This understands the <ulink url=\"&msdosfilesystemfat;\">MSDOS filesystem "
"(FAT)</ulink>.  This is used by the boot floppy."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9166
msgid "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9175
msgid "New system is started from the FreeDOS/MSDOS system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9180
msgid "<ulink url=\"&mbrbyneilturton;\">MBR by Neil Turton</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9186 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19057
msgid "Not supported"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9189
msgid ""
"This is free software which substitutes MSDOS <ulink "
"url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink>.  This only understands disk partitions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9196
msgid ""
"Do not play with boot loaders without having bootable rescue media (CD or "
"floppy) created from images in the <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> "
"package.  It makes you boot your system even without functioning bootloader "
"on the hard disk."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9198
msgid ""
"For GRUB Legacy, the menu configuration file is located at "
"\"<literal>/boot/grub/menu.lst</literal>\".  For example, it has entries as "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9199
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"title           Debian GNU/Linux\n"
"root            (hd0,2)\n"
"kernel          /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 ro\n"
"initrd          /initrd.img"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9203
msgid ""
"For GRUB 2, the menu configuration file is located at "
"\"<literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>\". It is automatically generated by "
"\"<literal>/usr/sbin/update-grub</literal>\" using templates from "
"\"<literal>/etc/grub.d/*</literal>\" and settings from "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/grub</literal>\".  For example, it has entries as "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9204
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"menuentry \"Debian GNU/Linux\" {\n"
"        set root=(hd0,3)\n"
"        linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3\n"
"        initrd /initrd.img\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9209
msgid "For these examples, these GRUB parameters mean the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9211
msgid "The meaning of GRUB parameters"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9218
msgid "GRUB parameter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9228 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9791 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9794 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9808 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9825 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9828
msgid "<literal>root</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9231
msgid ""
"use 3rd partition on the primary disk by setting it as "
"\"<literal>(hd0,2)</literal>\" in GRUB legacy or as "
"\"<literal>(hd0,3)</literal>\" in GRUB 2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9236
msgid "<literal>kernel</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9239
msgid ""
"use kernel located at \"<literal>/vmlinuz</literal>\" with kernel parameter: "
"\"<literal>root=/dev/hda3 ro</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9244
msgid "<literal>initrd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9247
msgid ""
"use <ulink url=\"&initrdinitramfs;\">initrd/initramfs</ulink> image located "
"at \"<literal>/initrd.img</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9254
msgid ""
"The value of the partition number used by GRUB legacy program is one less "
"than normal one used by Linux kernel and utility tools.  GRUB 2 program "
"fixes this problem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9257
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>) may be used to identify a "
"block special device instead of its file name such as "
"\"<literal>/dev/hda3</literal>\", "
"e.g.\"<literal>root=UUID=81b289d5-4341-4003-9602-e254a17ac232 "
"ro</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9260
msgid ""
"You can start a boot loader from another boot loader using techniques called "
"<ulink url=\"&chainloading;\">chain loading</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9262
msgid "See \"<literal>info grub</literal>\" and <literal>grub-install</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9265
msgid "Stage 3: the mini-Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9266
msgid ""
"The mini-Debian system is the 3rd stage of the boot process which is started "
"by the boot loader.  It runs the system kernel with its root filesystem on "
"the memory. This is an optional preparatory stage of the boot process."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9268
msgid ""
"The term \"the mini-Debian system\" is coined by the author to describe this "
"3rd stage boot process for this document.  This system is commonly referred "
"as the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> or initramfs system. Similar "
"system on the memory is used by <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the "
"Debian Installer</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9270
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script is executed as the first program in "
"this root filesystem on the memory.  It is a shell script program which "
"initializes the kernel in user space and hands control over to the next "
"stage. This mini-Debian system offers flexibility to the boot process such "
"as adding kernel modules before the main boot process or mounting the root "
"filesystem as an encrypted one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9271
msgid ""
"You can interrupt this part of the boot process to gain root shell by "
"providing \"<literal>break=init</literal>\" etc. to the kernel boot "
"parameter. See the \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script for more break "
"conditions.  This shell environment is sophisticated enough to make a good "
"inspection of your machine's hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9272
msgid ""
"Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down ones and "
"mainly provided by a GNU tool called <literal>busybox</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9274
msgid ""
"You need to use \"<literal>-n</literal>\" option for "
"<literal>mount</literal> command when you are on the readonly root "
"filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9278
msgid "Stage 4: the normal Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9280
msgid ""
"This section describes classical <ulink url=\"&systemv;\">System V</ulink> "
"style boot system on <literal>lenny</literal>.  Debian is moving to the "
"event driven boot system.  See <ulink "
"url=\"&thefutureofthebootsystemindebian;\">The future of the boot system in "
"Debian</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&dependencybasedbootsequence;\">Dependency "
"based boot sequence</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9282
msgid ""
"The normal Debian system is the 4th stage of the boot process which is "
"started by the mini-Debian system.  The system kernel for the mini-Debian "
"system continues to run in this environment. The root filesystem is switched "
"from the one on the memory to the one on the real hard disk filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9283
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/sbin/init</literal>\" program is executed as the first "
"program and performs the main boot process. The Debian normally uses the "
"traditional sysvinit scheme with the <literal>sysv-rc</literal> package.  "
"See <literal>init</literal>(8), <literal>inittab</literal>(5), and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" for the "
"exact explanation.  This main boot process essentially goes through the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9287
msgid ""
"The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel N</emphasis> "
"(none) to initialize the system by following the "
"\"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" description."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9292
msgid ""
"The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel S</emphasis> "
"to initialize the system under the single-user mode to complete hardware "
"initialization etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9297
msgid ""
"The Debian system goes into one of the specified <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">multi-user runlevels (2 to 5)</emphasis> to start the system "
"services."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9301
msgid ""
"The initial runlevel used for multi-user mode is specified with the "
"\"<literal>init=</literal>\" kernel boot parameter or in the \"initdefault\" "
"line of the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\". The Debian system as "
"installed starts at the <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel 2</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9302
msgid ""
"All actual script files executed by the init system are located in the "
"directory \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9304
msgid ""
"For alternative boot mechanism to the <literal>sysv-rc</literal> package "
"using a single configuration file \"<literal>/etc/runlevel.conf</literal>\", "
"see the <literal>file-rc</literal> package. Both mechanisms are compatible "
"through \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rc</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/usr/sbin/update-rc.d</literal>\", and "
"\"<literal>/usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d</literal>\" scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9307
msgid "The meaning of the runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9308
msgid ""
"Each <ulink url=\"&runlevel;\">runlevel</ulink> uses a directory for its "
"configuration and has specific meaning as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9310
msgid "List of runlevels and description of their usage"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9318
msgid "runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9324
msgid "description of runlevel usage"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9331
msgid "<literal>N</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9334
msgid "none"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9337
msgid "system bootup (NONE) level (no \"<literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal>\" directory)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9342 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20315
msgid "<literal>0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9345
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc0.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9348
msgid "halt the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9353
msgid "<literal>S</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9356
msgid "<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9359
msgid "single-user mode on boot (alias: \"<literal>s</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9364
msgid "<literal>1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9367
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc1.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9370
msgid "single-user mode switched from multi-user mode"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9375
msgid "<literal>2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9378
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9381
msgid "multi-user mode"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9386
msgid "<literal>3</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9389
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc3.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9392 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9403 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9414 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9447 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9458
msgid ",,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9397
msgid "<literal>4</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9400
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc4.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9408
msgid "<literal>5</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9411
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc5.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9419
msgid "<literal>6</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9422
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc6.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9425
msgid "reboot the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9430
msgid "<literal>7</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9433
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc7.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9436
msgid "valid multi-user mode but not normally used"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9441
msgid "<literal>8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9444
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc8.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9452
msgid "<literal>9</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9455
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc9.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9464
msgid "You can change the runlevel from the console to, e.g., 4 by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9465
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo telinit 4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9467
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">The Debian system does not pre-assign any special "
"meaning differences among the <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> "
"between 2 and 5.</emphasis> The system administrator on the Debian system "
"may change this.  (I.e., Debian is not <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat "
"Linux</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&solarisbysunmicrosystems;\">Solaris by Sun "
"Microsystems</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&hpuxbyhewlettpackard;\">HP-UX by "
"Hewlett Packard</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&aixbyibm;\">AIX by IBM</ulink> nor "
"…)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9470
msgid ""
"The Debian system does not populate directories for the <ulink "
"url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> between 7 and 9 when the package is "
"installed.  Traditional <ulink url=\"&unixvariants;\">Unix variants</ulink> "
"don’t use these <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9474
msgid "The configuration of the runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9475
msgid ""
"The name of the symlink in each runlevel directory has the form "
"\"<literal>S&lt;2-digit-number&gt;&lt;original-name&gt;</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>K&lt;2-digit-number&gt;&lt;original-name&gt;</literal>\". The "
"2-digit-number is used to determine the order in which to run the "
"scripts. \"<literal>S</literal>\" is for \"Start\" and "
"\"<literal>K</literal>\" is for \"Kill\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9476
msgid ""
"When <literal>init</literal>(8) or <literal>telinit</literal>(8) commands "
"goes into the runlevel to \"&lt;n&gt;\", it execute following scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9480
msgid ""
"The script names starting with a \"<literal>K</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical "
"order with the single argument \"<literal>stop</literal>\". (killing "
"services)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9485
msgid ""
"The script names starting with an \"<literal>S</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical "
"order with the single argument \"<literal>start</literal>\". (starting "
"services)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9489
msgid ""
"For example, if you had the links \"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\" in a runlevel directory, "
"\"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" which is symlinked to "
"\"<literal>../init.d/sysklogd</literal>\" would run before "
"\"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\" which is symlinked to "
"\"<literal>../init.d/exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9491
msgid ""
"It is not advisable to make any changes to symlinks in "
"\"<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>\" unless you know better than the "
"maintainer."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9495
msgid "The runlevel management example"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9496
msgid ""
"For example, let's set up runlevel system somewhat like <ulink "
"url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9499
msgid "<literal>init</literal> starts the system in runlevel=3 as the default."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9503
msgid ""
"<literal>init</literal> does not start <literal>gdm</literal>(1) in "
"runlevel=(0,1,2,6)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9507
msgid ""
"<literal>init</literal> starts <literal>gdm</literal>(1) in "
"runlevel=(3,4,5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9511
msgid ""
"This can be done by using editor on the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" "
"file to change starting runlevel and using user friendly runlevel management "
"tools such as <literal>sysv-rc-conf</literal> or <literal>bum</literal> to "
"edit the runlevel.  If you are to use command line only instead, here is how "
"you do it (after the default installation of the <literal>gdm</literal> "
"package and selecting it to be the choice of display manager)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9512
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /etc/rc2.d ; mv S21gdm K21gdm\n"
"# cd /etc ; perl -i -p -e 's/^id:.:/id:3:/' inittab"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9514
msgid ""
"Please note the \"<literal>/etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>\" file "
"is checked when starting the display manager daemons: "
"<literal>xdm</literal>, <literal>gdm</literal>, <literal>kdm</literal>, and "
"<literal>wdm</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9516
msgid ""
"You can still start X from any console shell with the "
"<literal>startx</literal>(1) command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9520
msgid "The default parameter for each init script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9521
msgid ""
"The default parameter for each init script in "
"\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" is given by the corresponding file in "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/</literal>\" which contains environment variable "
"assignments <emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis>. This choice of "
"directory name is specific to the Debian system.  It is roughly the "
"equivalent of the \"<literal>/etc/sysconfig</literal>\" directory found in "
"<ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> and other distributions.  "
"For example, \"<literal>/etc/default/cron</literal>\" can be used to control "
"how \"<literal>/etc/init.d/cron</literal>\" works."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9522
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>\" file can be used to customize "
"boot-time defaults for <literal>motd</literal>(5), "
"<literal>sulogin</literal>(8), etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9523
msgid ""
"If you cannot get the behavior you want by changing such variables then you "
"may <ulink url=\"&modifytheinitscripts;\">modify the init scripts</ulink> "
"themselves.  These are configuration files editable by system "
"administrators."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9526
msgid "The hostname"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9527
msgid ""
"The kernel maintains the system <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">hostname</emphasis>.  The init script in runlevel S which is "
"symlinked to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" sets the system "
"hostname at boot time (using the <literal>hostname</literal> command) to the "
"name stored in \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  This file should "
"contain <emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis> the system hostname, not a "
"fully qualified domain name."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9528
msgid ""
"To print out the current hostname run <literal>hostname</literal>(1) without "
"an argument."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9531
msgid "The filesystem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9532
msgid ""
"Although the root filesystem is mounted by the kernel when it is started, "
"other filesystems are mounted in the runlevel S by the following init "
"scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9536
msgid ""
"\"<literal>`/etc/init.d/mountkernfs.sh</literal>\" for kernel filesystems in "
"\"<literal>/proc</literal>\", \"<literal>/sys</literal>\", etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9541
msgid ""
"\"<literal>`/etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh</literal>\" for virtual filesystems "
"in \"<literal>/dev</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9546
msgid ""
"\"<literal>`/etc/init.d/mountall.sh</literal>\" for normal filesystems using "
"\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9551
msgid ""
"\"<literal>`/etc/init.d/mountnfs.sh</literal>\" for network filesystems "
"using\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9555
msgid ""
"The mount options of the filesystem are set in "
"\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\".  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9557
msgid ""
"The actual mounting of network filesystems waits for the start of the "
"network interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9560
msgid ""
"After mounting all the filesystems, temporary files in "
"\"<literal>/tmp</literal>\", \"<literal>/var/lock</literal>\", and "
"\"<literal>/var/run</literal>\" are cleaned for each boot up."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9564
msgid "Network interface initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9565
msgid ""
"Network interfaces are initialized in runlevel S by the init script "
"symlinked to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown-clean</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown</literal>\".  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_network_setup\"/> for how to configure them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9568
msgid "Network service initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9569
msgid ""
"Many network services (see <xref linkend=\"_network_applications\"/>) are "
"started under multi-user mode directly as daemon processes at boot time by "
"the init script, e.g., \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20exim4</literal>\" (for "
"RUNLEVEL=2) which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9570
msgid ""
"Some network services can be started on demand using the <ulink "
"url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> <literal>inetd</literal> (or its "
"equivalents).  The <literal>inetd</literal> is started at boot time by "
"\"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2) which is a "
"symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".  Essentially, "
"<literal>inetd</literal> allows one running daemon to invoke several others, "
"reducing load on the system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9571
msgid ""
"Whenever a request for service arrives at <ulink "
"url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> <literal>inetd</literal> , its "
"protocol and service are identified by looking them up in the databases in "
"\"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\".  <literal>inetd</literal> then looks "
"up a normal Internet service in the \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\" "
"database, or a <ulink url=\"&opennetworkcompucalloncrpcsunrpc;\">Open "
"Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC)/Sun RPC</ulink> based "
"service in \"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9572
msgid ""
"Sometimes, <literal>inetd</literal> does not start the intended server "
"directly but starts the <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink> "
"program, <literal>tcpd</literal>(8), with the intended server name as its "
"argument in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  In this case, "
"<literal>tcpd</literal> runs the appropriate server program after logging "
"the request and doing some additional checks using "
"\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9573
msgid ""
"For system security, disable as much network service programs as possible.  "
"See <xref linkend=\"_restricting_access_to_some_server_services\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9574
msgid ""
"See <literal>inetd</literal>(8), <literal>inetd.conf</literal>(5), "
"<literal>protocols</literal>(5), <literal>services</literal>(5), "
"<literal>tcpd</literal>(8), <literal>hosts_access</literal>(5), "
"<literal>hosts_options</literal>(5), <literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8), "
"<literal>portmap</literal>(8), and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9577
msgid "The system message"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9578
msgid ""
"The system message can be customized by "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/syslogd</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/syslog.conf</literal>\" for both the log file and on-screen "
"display. See <literal>syslogd</literal>(8) and "
"<literal>syslog.conf</literal>(5).  See also <xref "
"linkend=\"_log_analyzer\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9581
msgid "The kernel message"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9582
msgid ""
"The kernel message can be customized by "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/klogd</literal>\" for both the log file and "
"on-screen display.  Set \"<literal>KLOGD='-c 3'</literal>\" in this file and "
"run \"<literal>/etc/init.d/klogd restart</literal>\".  See "
"<literal>klogd</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9583
msgid "You may directly change the error message level by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9584
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dmesg -n3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9586
msgid "List of kernel error levels"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9594
msgid "error level value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9597
msgid "error level name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9610
msgid "KERN_EMERG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9613
msgid "system is unusable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9621
msgid "KERN_ALERT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9624
msgid "action must be taken immediately"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9632
msgid "KERN_CRIT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9635
msgid "critical conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9640
msgid "3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9643
msgid "KERN_ERR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9646
msgid "error conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9651
msgid "4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9654
msgid "KERN_WARNING"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9657
msgid "warning conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9662
msgid "5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9665
msgid "KERN_NOTICE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9668
msgid "normal but significant condition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9673
msgid "6"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9676
msgid "KERN_INFO"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9679
msgid "informational"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9684
msgid "7"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9687
msgid "KERN_DEBUG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9690
msgid "debug-level messages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9698
msgid "The udev system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9699
msgid ""
"For Linux kernel 2.6, <ulink url=\"&theudevsystem;\">the udev system</ulink> "
"provides mechanism for the automatic hardware discovery and initialization "
"(see <literal>udev</literal>(7)). Upon discovery of each device by the "
"kernel, the udev system starts a user process which uses information from "
"the <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> filesystem (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>), loads required kernel modules supporting "
"it using the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>), and creates corresponding "
"device nodes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9701
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;kernel-version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" "
"was not generated properly by <literal>depmod</literal>(8) for some reason, "
"modules may not be loaded as expected by the udev system. Execute "
"\"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" to fix it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9703
msgid ""
"The name of device nodes can be configured by udev rule files in "
"\"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/</literal>\".  Current default rules tend to "
"create dynamically generated names resulting non-static device names except "
"for cd and network devices.  By adding your custom rules similar to what cd "
"and network devices do, you can generate static device names for other "
"devices such as USB memory sticks, too.  See \"<ulink "
"url=\"&writingudevrules;\">Writing udev rules</ulink>\" or "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/udev/writing_udev_rules/index.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9704
msgid ""
"Since the udev system is somewhat a moving target, I leave details to other "
"documentations and describe the minimum information here."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9706
msgid ""
"For mounting rules in \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\", device nodes do not "
"need to be static ones. You can use <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> to "
"mount devices instead of device names such as "
"\"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\".  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9710
msgid "The kernel module initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9711
msgid ""
"The <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program enables us to configure running "
"Linux kernel from user process by adding and removing kernel modules.  The "
"udev system (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>) automates its "
"invocation to help the kernel module initialization."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9712
msgid ""
"There are non-hardware modules and special hardware driver modules as the "
"following which need to be pre-loaded by listing them in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/modules</literal>\" file (see "
"<literal>modules</literal>(5))."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9715
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&tuntap;\">TUN/TAP</ulink> modules providing virtual "
"Point-to-Point network device (TUN) and virtual Ethernet network device "
"(TAP),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9719
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> modules providing netfilter "
"firewall capabilities (<literal>iptables</literal>(8), <xref "
"linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>), and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9723
msgid "<ulink url=\"&watchdogtimer;\">watchdog timer</ulink> driver modules."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9727
msgid ""
"The configuration files for the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program are "
"located under the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/</literal>\" directory as "
"explained in <literal>modprobe.conf</literal>(5).  (If you want to avoid "
"some kernel modules to be auto-loaded, consider to blacklist them in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/blacklist</literal>\" file.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9728
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" file "
"generated by the <literal>depmod</literal>(8) program describes module "
"dependencies used by the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9730
msgid ""
"If you experience module loading issues with boot time module loading or "
"with <literal>modprobe</literal>(8), \"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" may "
"resolve these issues by reconstructing \"<literal>modules.dep</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9732
msgid ""
"The <literal>modinfo</literal>(8) program shows information about a Linux "
"kernel module."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9733
msgid ""
"The <literal>lsmod</literal>(8) program nicely formats the contents of the "
"\"<literal>/proc/modules</literal>\", showing what kernel modules are "
"currently loaded."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9735
msgid ""
"You can identify exact hardware on your system.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_hardware_identification\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9738
msgid ""
"You may configure hardware at boot time to activate expected hardware "
"features. See <xref linkend=\"_hardware_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9741
msgid ""
"You can add support for your device by recompiling kernel.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9747
msgid "Authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9748
msgid ""
"When a person (or a program) requests access to the system, authentication "
"confirms the identity to be a trusted one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9750
msgid ""
"Configuration errors of PAM may lock you out of your own system.  You must "
"have a rescue CD handy or setup an alternative boot partition.  To recover, "
"boot the system with them and correct things from there."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9753
msgid "Normal Unix authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9754
msgid ""
"Normal Unix authentication is provided by the <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8) "
"module under the <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM "
"(Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink>.  Its 3 important configuration "
"files, with \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entries, are the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9756
msgid "3 important configuration files for <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9769
msgid "permission"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9772 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16417
msgid "user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9785
msgid "<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9797
msgid "(sanitized) user account information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9802
msgid "<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9805
msgid "<literal>-rw-r-----</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9811
msgid "<literal>shadow</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9814
msgid "secure user account information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9819
msgid "<literal>/etc/group</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9831
msgid "group information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9837
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" contains the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9838
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" ...\n"
"user1:x:1000:1000:User1 Name,,,:/home/user1:/bin/bash\n"
"user2:x:1001:1001:User2 Name,,,:/home/user2:/bin/bash\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9842
msgid ""
"As explained in <literal>passwd</literal>(5), each \"<literal>:</literal>\" "
"separated entry of this file means the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9846 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9941
msgid "Login name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9851
msgid "Password specification entry"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9856
msgid "Numerical user ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9861 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9991
msgid "Numerical group ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9866
msgid "User name or comment field"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9871
msgid "User home directory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9876
msgid "Optional user command interpreter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9880
msgid ""
"The second entry of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" was used for the "
"encrypted password entry.  After the introduction of "
"\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\", this entry is used for the password "
"specification entry."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9882
msgid "The second entry content of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9899
msgid "(empty)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9902
msgid "passwordless account"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9907
msgid "x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9910
msgid "the encrypted password is in \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9915
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9918 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9926
msgid "no login for this account"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9923
msgid "!"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9932
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" contains the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9933
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" ...\n"
"user1:$1$Xop0FYH9$IfxyQwBe9b8tiyIkt2P4F/:13262:0:99999:7:::\n"
"user2:$1$vXGZLVbS$ElyErNf/agUDsm1DehJMS/:13261:0:99999:7:::\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9937 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9977
msgid ""
"As explained in <literal>shadow</literal>(5), each \"<literal>:</literal>\" "
"separated entry of this file means the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9946
msgid ""
"Encrypted password (The initial \"<literal>$1$</literal>\" indicates use of "
"the MD5 encryption. The \"*\" indicates no login.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9951
msgid "Days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9956
msgid "Days before password may be changed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9961
msgid "Days after which password must be changed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9966
msgid "Days before password is to expire that user is warned"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9975
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" contains the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9976
#, no-wrap
msgid "group1:x:20:user1,user2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9981
msgid "Group name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9986
msgid "Encrypted password (not really used)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9996
msgid "\",\" separated list of user names"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10001
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>\" provides the similar function as "
"\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" for \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" but "
"is not really used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10004
msgid ""
"The actual group membership of a user may be dynamically added if "
"\"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line is added to "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and set it in "
"\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  See "
"<literal>pam_group</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10007
msgid ""
"The <literal>base-passwd</literal> package contains an authoritative list of "
"the user and the group: "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10011
msgid "Managing account and password information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10012
msgid "Here are few notable commands to manage account information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10014
msgid "List of commands to manage account information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10024 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10135 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10322 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11892 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11982 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12051 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14295 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14371 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20212 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22197 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25028 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26392 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26475
msgid "function"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10031
msgid "<literal>getent passwd &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10034
msgid "browse account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10039
msgid "<literal>getent shadow &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10042
msgid ""
"browse shadowed account information of "
"\"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10047
msgid "<literal>getent group &lt;group_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10050
msgid "browse group information of \"<literal>&lt;group_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10055
msgid "<literal>passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10058
msgid "manage password for the account"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10063
msgid "<literal>passwd -e</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10066
msgid "set one-time password for the account activation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10071
msgid "<literal>chage</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10074
msgid "manage password aging information"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10080
msgid ""
"You may need to have the root privilege for some functions to work. See "
"<literal>crypt</literal>(3) for the password and data encryption."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10082
msgid ""
"On the system set up with PAM and NSS as the Debian <ulink "
"url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</ulink> machine, the content of local "
"\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" may not be actively used by the system.  "
"Above commands are valid even under such environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10086
msgid "Good password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10087
msgid ""
"When creating an account during your system installation or with the "
"<literal>passwd</literal>(1) command, you should choose a <ulink "
"url=\"&goodpassword;\">good password</ulink> which consists of 6 to 8 "
"characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets "
"according to <literal>passwd</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10091
msgid "Lower case alphabetics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10096
msgid "Digits 0 through 9"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10101
msgid "Punctuation marks"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10106
msgid "Do not chose guessable words for the password."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10110
msgid "Creating encrypted password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10111
msgid "There are independent tools to generate encrypted password with salt."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10113
msgid "List of tools to generate password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10145
msgid "<literal>mkpasswd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10148
msgid "over-featured front end to the <literal>crypt</literal>(3) library"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10156
msgid "<literal>openssl passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10159
msgid "compute password hashes (OpenSSL). <literal>passwd</literal>(1ssl)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10167
msgid "PAM and NSS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10168
msgid ""
"Modern <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> systems such as the "
"Debian system provide <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM "
"(Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism "
"to the local system administrator to configure his system.  The role of "
"these can be summarizes as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10172
msgid ""
"PAM offers a flexible authentication mechanism used by the application "
"software thus involves password data exchange."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10177
msgid ""
"NSS offers a flexible name service mechanism which is frequently used by the "
"<ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C standard library</ulink> to obtain the "
"user and group name for programs such as <literal>ls</literal>(1) and "
"<literal>id</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10181
msgid "These PAM and NSS systems need to be configured consistently."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10182
msgid "The notable packages of PAM and NSS systems are the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10184
msgid "List of notable PAM and NSS systems"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10212
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (basic service)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10220
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10228
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module to enable cracklib support"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10236
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (documentation in html and text)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10244
msgid ""
"GNU C Library: Shared libraries which also provides \"Name Service Switch\" "
"service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10252
msgid "GNU C Library: Manpages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10260
msgid "GNU C Library: Reference manual in info, pdf and html format (non-free)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10268
msgid "NSS module for Multicast DNS name resolution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10276
msgid "NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10284
msgid ""
"NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service (new folk of "
"<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10293
msgid ""
"\"The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide\" in "
"<literal>libpam-doc</literal> is essential for learning PAM configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10298
msgid ""
"\"System Databases and Name Service Switch\" section in "
"<literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> is essential for learning NSS "
"configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10303
msgid ""
"You can see more extensive and current list by \"<literal>aptitude search "
"'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>\" command.  The acronym NSS may also mean "
"\"Network Security Service\" which is different from \"Name Service "
"Switch\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10306
msgid ""
"PAM is the most basic way to initialize environment variables for each "
"program with the system wide default value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10309
msgid "Configuration files accessed by the PAM and NSS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10310
msgid "Here are few notable configuration files accessed by the PAM."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10312
msgid "List of configuration files accessed by the PAM"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10319 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15392
msgid "configuration file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10329
msgid "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10332
msgid ""
"set up PAM configuration for the \"<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\" "
"program; see <literal>pam</literal>(7) and <literal>pam.d</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10337
msgid "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10340
msgid ""
"set up NSS configuration with the entry for each service. See "
"<literal>nsswitch.conf</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10345
msgid "<literal>/etc/nologin</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10348
msgid "limit the user login by the <literal>pam_nologin</literal>(8) module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10353
msgid "<literal>/etc/securetty</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10356
msgid ""
"limit the tty for the root access by the <literal>pam_securetty</literal>(8) "
"module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10361
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/access.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10364
msgid "set access limit by the <literal>pam_access</literal>(8) module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10369
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10372
msgid "set group based restraint by the <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10377
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10380
msgid "set environment variables by the <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10385
msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10388
msgid ""
"set additional environment variables by the <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) "
"module with the \"<literal>readenv=1</literal>\" argument"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10393
msgid "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10396
msgid ""
"set locale by <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module with the "
"\"<literal>readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>\" "
"argument. (Debian)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10401
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/limits.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10404
msgid ""
"set resource restraint (ulimit, core, …) by the "
"<literal>pam_linits</literal>(8) module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10409
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/time.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10412
msgid "set time restraint by the <literal>pam_time</literal>(8) module"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10418
msgid ""
"The limitation of the password selection is implemented by the PAM modules, "
"<literal>pam_unix</literal>(8) and <literal>pam_cracklib</literal>(8). They "
"can be configured by their arguments."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10420
msgid "PAM modules use suffix \"<literal>.so</literal>\" for their filenames."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10424
msgid "The modern centralized system management"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10425
msgid ""
"The modern centralized system management can be deployed using the "
"centralized <ulink url=\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">Lightweight "
"Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</ulink> server to administer many Unix-like "
"and non-Unix-like systems on the network.  The open source implementation of "
"the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is <ulink "
"url=\"&openldapsoftware;\">OpenLDAP Software</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10426
msgid ""
"The LDAP server provides the account information through the use of PAM and "
"NSS with <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> "
"packages for the Debian system. Several actions are required to enable this "
"(I have not used this setup and the following is purely secondary "
"information.  Please read this in this context.)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10430
msgid ""
"You set up a centralized LDAP server by running program such as stand-alone "
"LDAP daemon, <literal>slapd</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10435
msgid ""
"You change the PAM configuration files in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/</literal>\" directory to use "
"\"<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>\" instead of the default "
"\"<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10440
msgid ""
"Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\" as the configuration "
"file for <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\" as the file to store the "
"password of the root."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10447
msgid ""
"You change the NSS configuration in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file to use "
"\"<literal>ldap</literal>\" instead of the default "
"(\"<literal>compat</literal>\" or \"<literal>file</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10452
msgid ""
"Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>\" as the "
"configuration file for <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10459
msgid ""
"You must make <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> to use <ulink "
"url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection for the security of "
"password."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10464
msgid ""
"You may make <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> to use <ulink "
"url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection to ensure integrity of "
"data at the cost of the LDAP network overhead."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10469
msgid ""
"You should run <literal>nscd</literal>(8) locally to cache any LDAP search "
"results in order to reduce the LDAP network traffic."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10473
msgid ""
"See documentations in <literal>pam_ldap.conf</literal>(5) and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/libpam-doc/html/</literal>\" offered by the "
"<literal>libpam-doc</literal> package and \"<literal>info libc 'Name Service "
"Switch'</literal>\" offered by the <literal>glibc-doc</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10474
msgid ""
"Similarly, you can set up alternative centralized systems with other "
"methods."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10477
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;\">NIS (originally called YP)</ulink> or "
"<ulink url=\"&nis;\">NIS+</ulink> with older Unix-like systems"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10482
msgid "Winbind with Windows NT and <ulink url=\"&samba;\">SAMBA</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10488
msgid "\"Why GNU su does not support the wheel group\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10489
msgid ""
"This is the famous phrase at the bottom of the old \"<literal>info "
"su</literal>\" page by Richard M. Stallman.  Not to worry: the current "
"<literal>su</literal> command in Debian uses PAM, so that one can restrict "
"the ability to use <literal>su</literal> to the <literal>root</literal> "
"group by enabling the line with \"<literal>pam_wheel.so</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10492
msgid "Stricter password rule"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10493
msgid ""
"Installing the <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> package enables you to "
"force stricter password rule, for example, by having active lines in "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10494
msgid "For <literal>lenny</literal>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10495
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password required pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10497
msgid "For <literal>squeeze</literal>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10498
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5\n"
"password requisite pam_deny.so\n"
"password required pam_permit.so"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10505
msgid "Other access controls"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10507
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq_key\"/> for restricting the kernel <ulink "
"url=\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">secure attention key (SAK)</ulink> feature."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10510
msgid "sudo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10511
msgid ""
"<literal>sudo</literal>(8) is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give "
"limited root privileges to users and log root "
"activity. <literal>sudo</literal> requires only an ordinary user's "
"password.  Install <literal>sudo</literal> package and activate it by "
"setting options in \"<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>\".  See configuration "
"example at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/sudoers</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10512
msgid ""
"My usage of <literal>sudo</literal> for the single user system (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>) is aimed to protect myself from my own "
"stupidity. Personally, I consider using <literal>sudo</literal> a better "
"alternative to using the system from the root account all the time.  For "
"example, the following changes the owner of "
"\"<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</literal>\" to "
"\"<literal>&lt;my_name&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10513
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo chown &lt;my_name&gt; &lt;some_file&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10514
msgid ""
"Of course if you know the root password (as self-installed Debian users do), "
"any command can be run under root from any user's account using "
"\"<literal>su -c</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10517
msgid "SELinux"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10518
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">Security-Enhanced Linux "
"(SELinux)</ulink> is a framework to tighten privilege model tighter than the "
"ordinary Unix-like security model with the <ulink "
"url=\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">mandatory access control (MAC)</ulink> "
"policies.  The root power may be restricted under some conditions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10521
msgid "Restricting access to some server services"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10522
msgid ""
"For system security, It is a good idea to disable as much server programs as "
"possible.  This becomes critical for network servers.  Having unused "
"servers, activated either directly as <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> "
"or via <ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> program, are "
"considered security risks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10523
msgid ""
"Many programs, such as <literal>sshd</literal>(8), use PAM based access "
"control.  There are many ways to restrict access to some server services."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10527
msgid ""
"configuration files: "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10532
msgid "runlevel configuration for <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10537
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable "
"Authentication Modules)</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10542
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\" for <ulink "
"url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10547
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\" for <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP "
"wrapper</ulink>, <literal>tcpd</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10552
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\" for <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun "
"RPC</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10557
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/at.allow</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/at.deny</literal>\" "
"for <literal>atd</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10562
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.allow</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.deny</literal>\" for <literal>crontab</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10566
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkfirewall;\">Network firewall</ulink> of <ulink "
"url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10570
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_the_runlevel_management_example\"/>, <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_default_parameter_for_each_init_script\"/>, <xref "
"linkend=\"_configuration_files_accessed_by_the_pam_and_nss\"/>, <xref "
"linkend=\"_network_service_initialization\"/>, and <xref "
"linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10572
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> services need to be active for "
"<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink> and other RPC based programs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10575
msgid ""
"If you have problems with remote access in a recent Debian system, comment "
"out offending configuration such as \"ALL: PARANOID\" in "
"\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" if it exists.  (But you must be "
"careful on security risks involved with this kind of action.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10580
msgid "Security of authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10581
msgid ""
"The information here may not be sufficient for your security needs but it "
"should be a good start."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10583
msgid "Secure password over the Internet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10584
msgid ""
"Many popular transportation layer services communicate messages including "
"password authentication in the plain text. It is very bad idea to transmit "
"password in the plain text over the wild Internet where it can be "
"intercepted.  You can run these services over \"<ulink "
"url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">Transport Layer Security</ulink>\" (TLS) or "
"its predecessor, \"Secure Sockets Layer\" (SSL) to secure entire "
"communication including password by the encryption."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10586
msgid "List of insecure and secure services and ports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10595
msgid "insecure service name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10598 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10604 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15092
msgid "port"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10601
msgid "secure service name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10611
msgid "www (http)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10614
msgid "80"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10617
msgid "https"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10620
msgid "443"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10625
msgid "smtp (mail)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10628
msgid "25"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10631
msgid "ssmtp (smtps)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10634
msgid "465"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10639
msgid "ftp-data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10642
msgid "20"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10645
msgid "ftps-data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10648
msgid "989"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10653
msgid "ftp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10656
msgid "21"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10659
msgid "ftps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10667
msgid "telnet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10670
msgid "23"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10673
msgid "telnets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10676
msgid "992"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10681
msgid "imap2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10684
msgid "143"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10687
msgid "imaps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10690
msgid "993"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10695
msgid "pop3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10698
msgid "110"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10701
msgid "pop3s"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10704
msgid "995"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10709
msgid "ldap"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10712
msgid "389"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10715
msgid "ldaps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10718
msgid "636"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10724
msgid ""
"The encryption costs CPU time.  As a CPU friendly alternative, you can keep "
"communication in plain text while securing just password with the secure "
"authentication protocol such as \"Authenticated Post Office Protocol\" "
"(APOP) for POP and \"Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism MD5\" "
"(CRAM-MD5) for SMTP and IMAP.  (For sending mail messages over the Internet "
"to your mail server from your mail client, it is recently popular to use new "
"message submission port 587 instead of traditional SMTP port 25 to avoid "
"port 25 blocking by the network provider while authenticating yourself with "
"CRAM-MD5.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10727
msgid "Secure Shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10728
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> program "
"provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an "
"insecure network with the secure authentication. It consists of the <ulink "
"url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> client, <literal>ssh</literal>(1), and the "
"<ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> daemon, "
"<literal>sshd</literal>(8).  This SSH can be used to tunnel the insecure "
"protocol communication such as POP and X securely over the Internet with the "
"port forwarding feature."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10729
msgid ""
"The client tries to authenticate itself using host-based authentication, "
"public key authentication, challenge-response authentication, or password "
"authentication.  The use of public key authentication enables the remote "
"password-less login. See <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utility_ssh\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10732
msgid "Extra security measures for the Internet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10733
msgid ""
"Even when you run secure services such as <ulink "
"url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">Point-to-point tunneling protocol "
"(PPTP)</ulink> servers, there are still chances for the break-ins using "
"brute force password guessing attack etc. from the Internet.  Use of the "
"firewall policy (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>) together "
"with the following secure tools may improve the security situation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10735
msgid "List of tools to provide extra security measures"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10763
msgid ""
"small port-knock daemon <literal>knockd</literal>(1) and client "
"<literal>konck</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10771
msgid "utility to help sysadmins thwart ssh hackers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10779 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18601
msgid "ban IPs that cause multiple authentication errors"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10787
msgid "lock out remote attackers trying password guessing"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10795
msgid "Securing the root password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10796
msgid ""
"To prevent people to access your machine with root privilege, you need to "
"make following actions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10800
msgid "Prevent physical access to the hard disk"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10805
msgid "Lock BIOS and prevent booting from the removable media"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10810
msgid "Set password for GRUB interactive session"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10815
msgid "Lock GRUB menu from editing"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10819
msgid ""
"With physical access to hard disk, resetting the password is relatively easy "
"with following steps."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10823
msgid "Move the hard disk to a PC with CD bootable BIOS."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10828
msgid "Boot system with a rescue media (Debian boot disk, Knopix CD, GRUB CD, …)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10833
msgid "Mount root partition with read/write access."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10838
msgid ""
"Edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" in the root partition and make the "
"second entry for the <literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10842
msgid ""
"If you have the edit access to the GRUB menu entry (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) for "
"<literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> at the boot time, it is even easier with "
"following steps."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10846
msgid ""
"Boot system with the kernel parameter changed to something like "
"\"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw init=/bin/sh</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10851
msgid ""
"Edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" and make the second entry for the "
"<literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10856
msgid "Reboot system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10860
msgid "The root shell of the system is now accessible without password."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10862
msgid ""
"Once one has root shell access, he can access everything on the system and "
"reset any passwords on the system.  Further more, he may compromise password "
"for all user accounts using brute force password cracking tools such as "
"<literal>john</literal> and <literal>crack</literal> packages (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>).  This cracked password "
"may lead to compromise other systems."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10864
msgid ""
"The only reasonable software solution to avoid all these concerns is to use "
"software encrypted root partition (or \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" partition) "
"using <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> and initramfs (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/>).  You always need password to boot the "
"system, though."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10869
msgid "Network setup"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10871
msgid ""
"For general guide to the GNU/Linux networking, read the <ulink "
"url=\"&linuxnetworkadministratorsguide;\">Linux Network Administrators "
"Guide</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10873
msgid ""
"The traditional <ulink url=\"&tcpipnetwork;\">TCP/IP network</ulink> setup "
"on Debian system uses <literal>ifupdown</literal> package as a high level "
"tool.  There are 2 typical cases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10877
msgid ""
"For <emphasis role=\"strong\">dynamic IP</emphasis> system such as mobile "
"PCs, you should setup TCP/IP network <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">with</emphasis> the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package "
"and enable you to switch your network configuration easily (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10882
msgid ""
"For <emphasis role=\"strong\">static IP</emphasis> system such as servers, "
"you should setup TCP/IP network <emphasis role=\"strong\">without</emphasis> "
"the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package and keep your system simple (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10886
msgid "We describe these traditional cases in detail here."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10887
msgid ""
"We also touch on some alternative high level tools such as "
"<literal>network-manager</literal> and <literal>wicd</literal> which ease "
"configuration of wireless networks (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10889
msgid "The basic network infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10890
msgid "Let's review the basic network infrastructure on the modern Debian system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10892
msgid "The domain name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10893
msgid ""
"The naming for the domain name is a tricky one for the normal PC workstation "
"users.  The PC workstation may be mobile one hopping around the network or "
"located behind the NAT firewall inaccessible from the Internet. For such "
"case, you may not want the domain name to be a valid domain name to avoid "
"name collision."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10894
msgid ""
"According to <ulink url=\"&rfccgag;\">rfc2606</ulink>, "
"\"<literal>invalid</literal>\" seems to be a choice for the <ulink "
"url=\"&topleveldomaintld;\">top level domain (TLD)</ulink> to construct "
"domain names that are sure to be invalid from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10895
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&mdns;\">mDNS</ulink> network discovery protocol (<ulink "
"url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple "
"Rendezvous</ulink>, Avahi on Debian) uses <ulink "
"url=\"&local;\">\"local\"</ulink> as the <ulink "
"url=\"&pseudotopleveldomain;\">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink>.  <ulink "
"url=\"&microsoftalsoseelocalareanetwork;\">Microsoft also seems to promote "
"\"local\" for the TLD of local area network</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10896
msgid ""
"Other popular choices for the invalid TLD seem to be "
"\"<literal>localdomain</literal>\", \"<literal>lan</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>localnet</literal>\", or \"<literal>home</literal>\" according to "
"my incoming mail analysis."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10899
msgid "The hostname resolution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10900
msgid ""
"The hostname resolution is currently supported by the <ulink "
"url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism "
"too.  The flow of this resolution is the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10904
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file with stanza like "
"\"<literal>hosts: files dns</literal>\" dictates the hostname resolution "
"order. (This replaces the old functionality of the "
"\"<literal>order</literal>\" stanza in "
"\"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10909
msgid ""
"The <literal>files</literal> method is invoked first.  If the hostname is "
"found in the \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file, it returns all valid "
"addresses for it and exits. (The \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\" file "
"contains \"<literal>multi on</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10914
msgid ""
"The <literal>dns</literal> method is invoked.  If the hostname is found by "
"the query to the <ulink url=\"&internetdomainnamesystemdns;\">Internet "
"Domain Name System (DNS)</ulink> identified by the "
"\"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" file, it returns all valid addresses "
"for it and exits."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10918
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file <ulink "
"url=\"&associatesipaddrseswithhostnames;\">associates IP addresses with "
"hostnames</ulink> contains the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10919
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"127.0.0.1 localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 &lt;host_name&gt;.&lt;domain_name&gt; &lt;host_name&gt;\n"
"\n"
"# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
"::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
"ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
"ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
"ff02::3 ip6-allhosts"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10929
msgid ""
"Here the &lt;host_name&gt; in this matches the own hostname defined in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  The &lt;domain_name&gt; in this is "
"the <ulink url=\"&fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn;\">fully qualified domain "
"name (FQDN)</ulink> of this host."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10931
msgid ""
"For the mobile PC without real FQDN, you may pick a TLD such as bogus "
"\"<literal>invalid</literal>\" or mDNS \"<literal>local</literal>\" as the "
"TLD part of &lt;domain_name&gt; in this configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10933
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is a static file if the "
"<literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed.  If installed, it is "
"a symbolic link.  Either way, it contains information that initialize the "
"resolver routines. If the DNS is found at "
"IP=\"<literal>192.168.11.1</literal>\", it contains the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10934
#, no-wrap
msgid "nameserver 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10935
msgid ""
"The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package makes this "
"\"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" into a symbolic link and manages its "
"contents by the hook scripts automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10936
msgid ""
"The hostname resolution via Multicast DNS (using <ulink "
"url=\"&zeroconf;\">Zeroconf</ulink>, aka <ulink "
"url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple "
"Rendezvous</ulink>) which effectively allows name resolution by common "
"Unix/Linux programs in the ad-hoc mDNS domain \"<literal>local</literal>\", "
"can be provided by installing the <literal>libnss-mdns</literal> package.  "
"The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file should have stanza like "
"\"<literal>hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns "
"mdns4</literal>\" to enable this functionality."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10939
msgid "The network interface name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10940
msgid ""
"The network interface name, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, is assigned to "
"each hardware in the Linux kernel through the user space configuration "
"mechanism, <literal>udev</literal> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>), as it is found.  The network interface name "
"is referred as <emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> in "
"<literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>interfaces</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10941
msgid ""
"In order to ensure each network interface to be named persistently for each "
"reboot using <ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> etc., there is "
"a record file "
"\"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\".  This file "
"is automatically generated by the "
"\"<literal>/lib/udev/write_net_rules</literal>\" program, probably run by "
"the \"<literal>persistent-net-generator.rules</literal>\" rules file. You "
"can modify it to change naming rule."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10943
msgid ""
"When editing the "
"\"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\" rules file, "
"you must keep each rule on a single line and the <ulink "
"url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> in lowercase. For example, if you "
"find \"Firewire device\" and \"PCI device\" in this file, you probably want "
"to name \"PCI device\" as <literal>eth0</literal> and configure it as the "
"primary network interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10947
msgid "The network address range for the LAN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10948
msgid ""
"Let us be reminded of the IPv4 32 bit address ranges in each class reserved "
"for use on the <ulink url=\"&localareanetworkslans;\">local area networks "
"(LANs)</ulink> by <ulink url=\"&rfcbjbi;\">rfc1918</ulink>.  These addresses "
"are guaranteed not to conflict with any addresses on the Internet proper."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10950
msgid "List of network address ranges"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10960
msgid "Class"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10963
msgid "network addresses"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10966
msgid "net mask"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10969
msgid "net mask /bits"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10972
msgid "# of subnets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10979
msgid "A"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10982
msgid "10.x.x.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10985
msgid "255.0.0.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10988
msgid "/8"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10996
msgid "B"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10999
msgid "172.16.x.x — 172.31.x.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11002
msgid "255.255.0.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11005
msgid "/16"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11008
msgid "16"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11013 debian-reference.en.xmlt:29912
msgid "C"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11016
msgid "192.168.0.x — 192.168.255.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11019
msgid "255.255.255.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11022
msgid "/24"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11025
msgid "256"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11032
msgid ""
"If one of these addresses is assigned to a host, then that host must not "
"access the Internet directly but must access it through a gateway that acts "
"as a proxy for individual services or else does <ulink "
"url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">Network Address "
"Translation(NAT)</ulink>.  The broadband router usually performs NAT for the "
"consumer LAN environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11036
msgid "The network configuration infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11037
msgid ""
"There are 2 types of low level networking programs for Linux networking "
"system (see <xref linkend=\"_iproute2_commands\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11041
msgid ""
"Old <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> programs "
"(<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8), …) are from the Linux NET-3 networking "
"system. Most of these are obsolete now."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11046
msgid ""
"New <ulink url=\"&linuxiproutec;\">Linux iproute2</ulink> programs "
"(<literal>ip</literal>(8), …) are the current Linux networking system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11050
msgid ""
"Although these low level networking programs are powerful, they are "
"cumbersome to use.  So high level network configuration systems have been "
"created."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11051
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package is the de facto standard for such "
"high level network configuration system on Debian.  It enables you to bring "
"up network simply by doing , e.g., \"<literal>ifup eth0</literal>\".  Its "
"configuration file is the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"file and its typical contents are the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11052 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13002
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"auto eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11057
msgid ""
"The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package was created to supplement "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system to support smooth reconfiguration of "
"network address resolution by automating rewrite of resolver configuration "
"file \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\".  Now, most Debian network "
"configuration packages are modified to use <literal>resolvconf</literal> "
"package (see "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/resolvconf/README.Debian</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11058
msgid ""
"Helper scripts to the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package such as "
"<literal>ifplugd</literal>, <literal>guessnet</literal>, "
"<literal>ifscheme</literal>, etc. are created to automate dynamic "
"configuration of network environment such as one for mobile PC on wired "
"LAN.  These are relatively difficult to use but play well with existing "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11059
msgid ""
"Alternative high level network configuration systems, independent of "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system, such as "
"<literal>network-manager</literal>, <literal>wicd</literal>, etc. are "
"created to ease configuration of network environment even for mobile PC on "
"wireless network.  Since these are relatively new system and their "
"integration to Debian system is in progress, you may still need to disable "
"the corresponding network interface configuration manually in "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" to avoid conflicts between "
"these and <literal>ifupdown</literal> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11061
msgid "List of network configuration tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11071 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13320 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13583
msgid "packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11093
msgid "config::ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11096
msgid "standardized tool to bring up and down the network (Debian specific)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11107
msgid "manage the wired network automatically"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11118
msgid "network testing script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11129
msgid "set routing metrics for a network interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11140
msgid ""
"mapping script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package via "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11151
msgid "mapping scripts to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11162
msgid "Zugschlus' interface scripts for ifupdown's manual method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11170
msgid "config::NM"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11172
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> (daemon): manage the "
"network automatically"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11182
msgid "<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> (GNOME frontend)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11192
msgid "<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> (KDE frontend)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11200
msgid "config::wicd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11203
msgid "wired and wireless network manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11211
msgid "config::Netfilter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11214
msgid ""
"administration tools for packet filtering and NAT (<ulink "
"url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11222
msgid "config::iproute2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11224
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>, IPv6 and other advanced network "
"configuration: <literal>ip</literal>(8), <literal>tc</literal>(8), etc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11235
msgid ""
"rename network interfaces based on various static criteria: "
"<literal>ifrename</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11246
msgid "display or change Ethernet device settings"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11254
msgid "test::iproute2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11257
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink "
"url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP "
"address</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11268
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink "
"url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11279
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11287
msgid "config::net-tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11290
msgid ""
"NET-3 networking toolkit (<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>, IPv4 "
"network configuration): <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11298
msgid "test::net-tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11301
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink "
"url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP "
"address</ulink> (legacy, GNU)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11312
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink "
"url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address (legacy)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11323
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host (legacy, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11331
msgid "config::low-level"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11334
msgid "DHCP client"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11345
msgid "client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11356
msgid "tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11367
msgid "PPP/PPPoE connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11375
msgid "config::helper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11378
msgid "configuration helper for PPPoE connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11389
msgid "configuration helper for PPP connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11400
msgid ""
"configuration helper for PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</literal> and "
"<literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11408
msgid "test::low-level"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11411
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host (curses)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11422
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host (curses and GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11433
msgid "tools for common network information operations (GNOME)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11444
msgid "network mapper / port scanner (<ulink url=\"&nmap;\">Nmap</ulink>, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11455
msgid "network mapper / port scanner (GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11466
msgid "network mapper / port scanner (KDE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11477
msgid "network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&tcpdump;\">Tcpdump</ulink>, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11488
msgid ""
"network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&wireshark;\">Wireshark</ulink>, "
"GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11499
msgid "network traffic analyzer (console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11510
msgid ""
"monitoring and management system for hosts, services and networks (<ulink "
"url=\"&nagios;\">Nagios</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11521
msgid ""
"produce a summarization of the connections from <literal>tcpdump</literal> "
"output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11532
msgid ""
"flexible network intrusion detection system (<ulink "
"url=\"&snort;\">Snort</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11543
msgid "display network usage in web browser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11554
msgid ""
"network clients provided with <ulink url=\"&bind;\">BIND</ulink>: "
"<literal>nslookup</literal>(8), <literal>nsupdate</literal>(8), "
"<literal>dig</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11565
msgid ""
"check <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> zone information using nameserver "
"lookups"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11576
msgid "trace a chain of <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> servers to the source"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11584
msgid "The network device support"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11585
msgid ""
"Although most hardware devices are supported by the Debian system, there are "
"some network devices which require <ulink url=\"&dsfg;\">DSFG</ulink> "
"non-free external hardware drivers to support them.  Please see <xref "
"linkend=\"_non_free_hardware_drivers\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11589
msgid "The network connection method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11591
msgid ""
"The connection test method described in this section are meant for testing "
"purposes.  It is not meant to be used directly for the daily network "
"connection.  You are advised to use them via the <literal>ifupdown</literal> "
"package (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11593
msgid ""
"The typical network connection method and connection path for a PC can be "
"summarized as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11595
msgid "List of network connection methods and connection paths"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11603
msgid "PC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11606 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11660
msgid "connection method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11609
msgid "connection path"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11616
msgid "Serial port (<literal>ppp0</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11619 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11673
msgid "PPP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11622
msgid "⇔ <ulink url=\"&modem;\">modem</ulink> ⇔ POTS ⇔ dial-up access point ⇔ ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11627 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11638
msgid "Ethernet port (<literal>eth0</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11630
msgid "PPPoE/DHCP/Static"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11633
msgid "⇔ BB-modem ⇔ BB service ⇔ BB access point ⇔ ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11641
msgid "DHCP/Static"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11644
msgid ""
"⇔ LAN ⇔ BB-router with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network "
"address translation (NAT)</ulink> (⇔ BB-modem …)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11650
msgid "Here is the summary of configuration script for each connection method."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11652
msgid "List of network connection configurations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11663
msgid "configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11666
msgid "backend package(s)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11675
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11677
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11681
msgid "PPP (alternative)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11683
msgid "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> to create heuristic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11685
msgid "<literal>ppp</literal>, <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11689
msgid "PPPoE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11691
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11693
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11697
msgid "DHCP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11700
msgid "described in \"<literal>/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11703
msgid "<literal>dhcp3-client</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11708
msgid "static IP (IPv4)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11711 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11722
msgid "described in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11714
msgid "<literal>net-tools</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11719
msgid "static IP (IPv6)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11725
msgid "<literal>iproute</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11731
msgid "The network connection acronyms mean the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11733
msgid "List of network connection acronyms"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11740 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12320
msgid "acronym"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11750
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11753
msgid "plain old telephone service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11758
msgid "BB"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11761
msgid "<ulink url=\"&broadband;\">broadband</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11766
msgid "BB-service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11769
msgid ""
"e.g., the digital subscriber line (DSL), the cable TV, or the fiber to the "
"premises (FTTP)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11774
msgid "BB-modem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11777
msgid ""
"e.g., <ulink url=\"&thedslmodem;\">the DSL modem</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&thecablemodem;\">the cable modem</ulink>, or <ulink "
"url=\"&theopticalnetworkterminalont;\">the optical network terminal "
"(ONT)</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11782
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11785
msgid "local area network"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11790
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11793
msgid "wide area network"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11798 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15832 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16033
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11801
msgid "dynamic host configuration protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11806
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11809
msgid "point-to-point protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11814
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11817
msgid "point-to-point protocol over Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11822
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11825
msgid "Internet service provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11832
msgid ""
"The WAN connection services via cable TV are generally served by DHCP or "
"PPPoE.  The ones by ADSL and FTTP are generally served by PPPoE.  You have "
"to consult your ISP for exact configuration requirements of the WAN "
"connection."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11835
msgid ""
"When BB-router is used to create home LAN environment, PCs on LAN are "
"connected to the WAN via BB-router with <ulink "
"url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation "
"(NAT)</ulink>.  For such case, PC's network interfaces on the LAN are served "
"by static IP or DHCP from the BB-router.  BB-router must be configured to "
"connect the WAN following the instruction by your ISP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11838
msgid "The DHCP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11839
msgid ""
"The typical modern home and small business network, i.e. LAN, are connected "
"to the WAN(Internet) using some consumer grade broadband router.  The LAN "
"behind this router is usually served by the <ulink "
"url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host configuration "
"protocol (DHCP)</ulink> server running on the router."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11840
msgid ""
"Just install the <literal>dhcp3-client</literal> package for the Ethernet "
"served by the <ulink url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host "
"configuration protocol (DHCP)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11843
msgid "The static IP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11844
msgid "No special action is needed for the Ethernet served by the static IP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11847
msgid "The PPP connection with pppconfig"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11848
msgid ""
"The configuration script <literal>pppconfig</literal> configures the <ulink "
"url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> connection interactively just by selecting the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11852 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11956
msgid "The telephone number"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11857 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11961
msgid "The ISP user name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11862 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11966
msgid "The ISP password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11867
msgid "The port speed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11872
msgid "The modem communication port"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11877
msgid "The authentication method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11882
msgid ""
"List of configuration files for the <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> "
"connection with pppconfig"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11899
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11902
msgid ""
"The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>pppd</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11907
msgid "<literal>/etc/chatscripts/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11910
msgid ""
"The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>chat</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11915 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12005 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12066
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/options</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11918 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12008 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12069
msgid "The general execution parameter for <literal>pppd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11923 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12013 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12074
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-secret</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11926 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12016 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12077
msgid "Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&pap;\">PAP</ulink> (security risk)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11931 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12021 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12082
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/chap-secret</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11934 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12024 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12085
msgid "Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&chap;\">CHAP</ulink> (more secure)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11941
msgid ""
"The \"&lt;isp_name&gt;\" value of \"<literal>provider</literal>\" is assumed "
"if <literal>pon</literal> and <literal>poff</literal> commands are invoked "
"without arguments."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11943 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12030 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12091
msgid ""
"You can test configuration using low level network configuration tools as "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11944
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo pon &lt;isp_name&gt;\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11947
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ppp/README.Debian.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11950
msgid "The alternative PPP connection with wvdialconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11951
msgid ""
"A different approach to using <literal>pppd</literal>(8) is to run it from "
"<literal>wvdial</literal>(1) which comes in the <literal>wvdial</literal> "
"package.  Instead of <literal>pppd</literal> running "
"<literal>chat</literal>(8) to dial in and negotiate the connection, "
"<literal>wvdial</literal> does the dialing and initial negotiating and then "
"starts <literal>pppd</literal> to do the rest."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11952
msgid ""
"The configuration script <literal>wvdialconf</literal> configures the PPP "
"connection interactively just by selecting the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11970
msgid ""
"<literal>wvdial</literal> succeeds in making the connection in most cases "
"and maintains authentication data list automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11972
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPP connection with wvdialconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11989
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11992
msgid ""
"The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11997
msgid "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12000
msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12031
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo wvdial\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo killall wvdial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12034
msgid "See <literal>wvdial</literal>(1) and <literal>wvdial.conf</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12037
msgid "The PPPoE connection with pppoeconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12038
msgid ""
"When your ISP serves you with PPPoE connection and you decide to connect "
"your PC directly to the WAN, the network of your PC must be configured with "
"the PPPoE. The PPPoE stand for PPP over Ethernet. The configuration script "
"<literal>pppoeconf</literal> configures the PPPoE connection interactively."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12039
msgid "The configuration files are the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12041
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPPoE connection with pppoeconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12058
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12061
msgid ""
"The <literal>pppoeconf</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>pppoe</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12092
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
"$ sudo pon dsl-provider\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff dsl-provider\n"
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12097
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/pppoeconf/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12101
msgid "The basic network configuration with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12102
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package provides the standardized framework "
"for the high level network configuration in the Debian system. In this "
"section, we learn the basic network configuration with "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> with simplified introduction and many typical "
"examples."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12104
msgid "The command syntax simplified"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12105
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package contains 2 commands: "
"<literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>ifdown</literal>(8).  They offer "
"high level network configuration dictated by the configuration file "
"\"/etc/network/interfaces\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12107
msgid "List of basic network configuration commands with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12124 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12742
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12127
msgid ""
"bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration "
"<literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" stanza exists"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12132 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12750
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12135
msgid ""
"bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the "
"configuration <literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" "
"stanza exists"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12142
msgid ""
"Do not use low level configuration tools such as "
"<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) and <literal>ip</literal>(8) commands to "
"configure an interface in <emphasis role=\"strong\">up</emphasis> state."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12145
msgid "There is no command <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12149
msgid "The basic syntax of \"/etc/network/interfaces\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12150
msgid ""
"The key syntax of \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" as "
"explained in <literal>interfaces</literal>(5) can be summarized as the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12152
msgid "List of stanzas in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12159
msgid "stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12169
msgid "\"<literal>auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12172
msgid "start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; upon start of the system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12177
msgid "\"<literal>allow-auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12185
msgid "\"<literal>allow-hotplug &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12188
msgid ""
"start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; when the kernel detects a hotplug "
"event from the interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12193
msgid "Lines started with \"<literal>iface &lt;config_name&gt; …</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12196
msgid "define the network configuration &lt;config_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12201
msgid ""
"Lines started with \"<literal>mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt; "
"</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12204
msgid ""
"define mapping value of &lt;config_name&gt; for the matching "
"&lt;interface_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12209
msgid "A line starting with a hash \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12212
msgid ""
"ignore as comments (end-of-line comments are <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> supported)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12217
msgid "A line ending with a backslash \"<literal>\\</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12220
msgid "extend the configuration to the next line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12226
msgid ""
"Lines started with <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza has the following "
"syntax."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12227
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface &lt;config_name&gt; &lt;address_family&gt; &lt;method_name&gt;\n"
" &lt;option1&gt; &lt;value1&gt;\n"
" &lt;option2&gt; &lt;value2&gt;\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12231
msgid ""
"For the basic configuration, the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza is not used and "
"you use the network interface name as the network configuration name (See "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12233
msgid ""
"Do not define duplicates of the \"<literal>iface</literal>\" stanza for a "
"network interface in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12237
msgid "The loopback network interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12238
msgid ""
"The following configuration entry in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file brings up the loopback "
"network interface <literal>lo</literal> upon booting the system (via "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12239 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13024
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12241
msgid ""
"This one always exists in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12244
msgid "The network interface served by the DHCP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12245
msgid ""
"After prepairing the system by <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_dhcp_connection_with_the_ethernet\"/>, the network interface "
"served by the DHCP is configured by creating the configuration entry in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12246
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12249
msgid ""
"When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface "
"<literal>eth0</literal>, the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza causes "
"<literal>ifup</literal> to bring up the interface and the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza causes "
"<literal>ifup</literal> to use DHCP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12252
msgid "The network interface with the static IP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12253
msgid ""
"The network interface served by the static IP is configured by creating the "
"configuration entry in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12254
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12262
msgid ""
"When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface "
"<literal>eth0</literal>, the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza causes "
"<literal>ifup</literal> to bring up the interface and the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza causes "
"<literal>ifup</literal> to use the static IP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12263
msgid "Here, I assumed the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12267
msgid ""
"IP address range of the LAN network: <literal>192.168.11.0</literal> - "
"<literal>192.168.11.255</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12272
msgid "IP address of the gateway: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12277
msgid "IP address of the PC: <literal>192.168.11.100</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12282
msgid "The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package: installed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12287
msgid "The domain name: \"<literal>lan</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12292
msgid "IP address of the DNS server: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12296
msgid ""
"When the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed, DNS related "
"configuration needs to be done manually by editing the "
"\"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12297
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"nameserver 192.168.11.1\n"
"domain lan"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12300
msgid ""
"The IP addresses used in the above example are not meant to be copied "
"literally.  You have to adjust IP numbers to your actual network "
"configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12304
msgid "The basics of wireless LAN interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12305
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&wirelesslanwlanforshort;\">wireless LAN (WLAN for "
"short)</ulink> provides the fast wireless connectivity through the "
"spread-spectrum communication of unlicensed radio bands based on the set of "
"standards called <ulink url=\"&ieeeiacbb;\">IEEE 802.11</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12306
msgid ""
"The WLAN interfaces are almost like normal Ethernet interfaces but require "
"some network ID and encryption key data to be provided when they are "
"initialized.  Their high level network tools are exactly the same as that of "
"Ethernet interfaces except interface names are a bit different like "
"<literal>eth1</literal>, <literal>wlan0</literal>, <literal>ath0</literal>, "
"<literal>wifi0</literal>, … depending on the kernel drivers used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12308
msgid ""
"The <literal>wmaster0</literal> device is the master device which is an "
"internal device used only by <ulink url=\"&softmac;\">SoftMAC</ulink> with "
"new <ulink url=\"&maciacbbapioflinux;\">mac80211 API of Linux</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12310
msgid "Here are some keywords to remember for the WLAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12312
msgid "List of acronyms for WLAN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12323
msgid "full word"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12333
msgid "NWID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12336
msgid "Network ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12339
msgid ""
"16 bit network ID used by pre-802.11 <ulink "
"url=\"&wavelan;\">WaveLAN</ulink> network (very deprecated)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12344
msgid "(E)SSID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12347
msgid ""
"(Extended) <ulink url=\"&servicesetidentifier;\">Service Set "
"Identifier</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12350
msgid ""
"network name of the <ulink url=\"&wirelessaccesspointsaps;\">Wireless Access "
"Points (APs)</ulink> interconnected to form an integrated <ulink "
"url=\"&iacbbwirelesslan;\">802.11 wireless LAN</ulink>, Domain ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12355
msgid "WEP, (WEP2)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12358
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wiredequivalentprivacy;\">Wired Equivalent Privacy</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12361
msgid ""
"1st generation 64-bit (128-bit) wireless encryption standard with 40-bit key "
"(deprecated)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12366
msgid "WPA"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12369
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12372
msgid ""
"2nd generation wireless encryption standard (most of 802.11i), compatible "
"with WEP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12377
msgid "WPA2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12380
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access 2</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12383
msgid ""
"3rd generation wireless encryption standard (full 802.11i), non-compatible "
"with WEP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12389
msgid ""
"The actual choice of protocol is usually limited by the wireless router you "
"deploy."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12392
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WPA/WPA2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12393
msgid ""
"You need to install the <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> package to support "
"the WLAN with the new WPA/WPA2."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12394 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12408
msgid ""
"In case of the <ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink> served IP on WLAN "
"connection, the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry "
"should be as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12395
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug ath0\n"
"iface ath0 inet dhcp\n"
" wpa-ssid homezone\n"
" # hexadecimal psk is encoded from a plaintext passphrase\n"
" wpa-psk 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12400
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.modes.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12403
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WEP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12404
msgid ""
"You need to install the <literal>wireless-tools</literal> package to support "
"the WLAN with the old WEP.  (Your consumer grade router may still be using "
"this insecure infrastructure but this is better than nothing.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12406
msgid ""
"Please note that your network traffic on WLAN with WEP may be sniffed by "
"others."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12409
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" wireless-essid Home\n"
" wireless-key1 0123-4567-89ab-cdef\n"
" wireless-key2 12345678\n"
" wireless-key3 s:password\n"
" wireless-defaultkey 2\n"
" wireless-keymode open"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12417
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wireless-tools/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12420
msgid "The PPP connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12421
msgid ""
"You need to configure the PPP connection first as described before (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_ppp_connection_with_pppconfig\"/>).  Then, add the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry for the primary "
"PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12422
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface ppp0 inet ppp\n"
" provider &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12426
msgid "The alternative PPP connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12427
msgid ""
"You need to configure the alternative PPP connection with "
"<literal>wvdial</literal> first as described before (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_alternative_ppp_connection_with_wvdialconf\"/>).  Then, add "
"the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry for the "
"primary PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12428
#, no-wrap
msgid "iface ppp0 inet wvdial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12431
msgid "The PPPoE connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12432
msgid ""
"For PC connected directly to the WAN served by the PPPoE, you need to "
"configure system with the PPPoE connection as described before (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>).  Then, add the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry for the primary "
"PPPoE device <literal>eth0</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12433
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12444
msgid "The network configuration state of ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12445
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file stores the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">intended</emphasis> network configuration states "
"for all the currently active network interfaces managed by the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> package are listed. Unfortunately, even if the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system fails to bring up the interface as "
"intended, the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file lists it "
"active."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12446
msgid ""
"Unless the output of the <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) command for an "
"interface does not have a line like following example, it can not be used as "
"a part of <ulink url=\"&ipvenetwork;\">IPV4 network</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12447
#, no-wrap
msgid "  inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12449
msgid ""
"For the Ethernet device connected to the PPPoE, the output of the "
"<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) command lacks a line which looks like above "
"example."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12453
msgid "The basic network reconfiguration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12454
msgid ""
"When you try to reconfigure the interface, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, you "
"must disable it first with the \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo "
"ifdown eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command.  This removes the entry of "
"<literal>eth0</literal> from the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file. (This may result in "
"some error message if <literal>eth0</literal> is not active or it is "
"configured improperly previously.  So far, it seems to be safe to do this "
"for the simple single user work station at any time.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12455
msgid ""
"You are now free to rewrite the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" contents as needed to "
"reconfigure the network interface, <literal>eth0</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12456
msgid ""
"Then, you can reactivate <literal>eth0</literal> with the \"<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12458
msgid ""
"You can (re)initialize the network interface simply by \"<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0;sudo ifup "
"eth0</literal></emphasis>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12462
msgid "The ifupdown-extra package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12463
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package provides easy network "
"connection tests for use with the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12467
msgid "The <literal>network-test</literal>(1) command can be used from the shell."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12472
msgid ""
"The automatic scripts are run for each <literal>ifup</literal> command "
"execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12476
msgid ""
"The <literal>network-test</literal> command frees you from the execution of "
"cumbersome low level commands to analyze the network problem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12477
msgid ""
"The automatic scripts are installed in "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" and performs the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12481
msgid "Check the network cable connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12486
msgid "Check duplicate use of IP address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12491
msgid ""
"Setup system's static routes based on the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/routes</literal>\" definition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12496
msgid "Check if network gateway is reachable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12501
msgid "Record results in the \"<literal>/var/log/syslog</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12505
msgid ""
"This syslog record is quite useful for administration of the network problem "
"on the remote system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12507
msgid ""
"The automatic behavior of the <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package is "
"configurable with the \"<literal>/etc/default/network-test</literal>\". Some "
"of these automatic checks slow down the system boot-up a little bit since it "
"takes some time to listen for <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> replies."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12512
msgid "The advanced network configuration with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12513
msgid ""
"The functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package can be improved "
"beyond what was described in <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/> with the "
"advanced knowledge."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12514
msgid ""
"The functionalities described here are completely optional.  I, being lazy "
"and minimalist, rarely bother to use these."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12516
msgid ""
"If you could not set up network connection by information in <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>, you make "
"situation worse by using information below."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12519
msgid "The ifplugd package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12520
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifplugd</literal> package is older automatic network "
"configuration tool which can manage only Ethernet connections. This solves "
"unplugged/replugged Ethernet cable issues for mobile PC etc.  If you have "
"<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> or <ulink "
"url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>) installed, you do not need "
"this package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12521
msgid ""
"This package runs <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> and replaces "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">auto</emphasis> or <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">allow-hotplug</emphasis> functionalities (see <xref "
"linkend=\"list-of-stanzas-in-eni\"/>) and starts interfaces upon their "
"connection to the network."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12522
msgid ""
"Here is how to use the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package for the internal "
"Ethernet port, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12526
msgid ""
"Remove stanza in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\": "
"\"<literal>auto eth0</literal>\" or \"<literal>allow-hotplug "
"eth0</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12531
msgid ""
"Keep stanza in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\": "
"\"<literal>iface eth0 inet …</literal>\" and \"<literal>mapping "
"…</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12536
msgid "Install the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12541
msgid "Run \"<literal>sudo dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12546
msgid ""
"Put <literal>eth0</literal> as the \"static interfaces to be watched by "
"ifplugd\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12550
msgid "Now, the network reconfiguration works as you desire."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12554
msgid ""
"Upon power-on or upon hardware discovery, the interface is not brought up by "
"itself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12559
msgid "Quick boot process without the long DHCP timeout."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12564
msgid ""
"No funny activated interface without proper IPv4 address (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_network_configuration_state_of_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12571
msgid "Upon finding the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought up."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12576
msgid ""
"Upon some time after unplugging the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought "
"down automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12581
msgid ""
"Upon plugging in another Ethernet cable, the interface is brought up under "
"the new network environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12586
msgid ""
"The arguments for the <literal>ifplugd</literal>(8) command can set its "
"behaviors such as the delay for reconfiguring interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12590
msgid "The ifmetric package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12591
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifmeric</literal> package enables us to manipulate metrics of "
"routes a posteriori even for DHCP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12592
msgid ""
"The following sets the <literal>eth0</literal> interface to be preferred "
"over the <literal>wlan0</literal> interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12596
msgid "Install the <literal>ifmetric</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12601
msgid ""
"Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 0</literal>\" just below the "
"\"<literal>iface eth0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12606
msgid ""
"Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 1</literal>\" just below the "
"\"<literal>iface wlan0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12610
msgid ""
"The metric 0 means the highest priority route and is the default one.  The "
"larger metric value means lower priority routes. The IP address of the "
"active interface with the lowest metric value becomes the originating "
"one. See <literal>ifmetric</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12613
msgid "The virtual interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12614
msgid ""
"A single physical Ethernet interface can be configured as multiple virtual "
"interfaces with different IP addresses.  Usually the purpose is to connect "
"an interface to several IP subnetworks.  For example, IP address based "
"virtual web hosting by a single network interface is one such application."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12615
msgid "For example, let's suppose the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12619
msgid ""
"A single Ethernet interface on your host is connected to a Ethernet hub (not "
"to the broadband router)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12624
msgid "The Ethernet hub is connected to both the Internet and LAN network."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12629
msgid "The LAN network uses subnet <literal>192.168.0.x/24</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12634
msgid ""
"Your host uses DHCP served IP address with the physical interface "
"<literal>eth0</literal> for the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12639
msgid ""
"Your host uses <literal>192.168.0.1</literal> with the virtual interface "
"<literal>eth0:0</literal> for the LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12643
msgid ""
"The following stanzas in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"configure your network."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12644
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" metric 0\n"
"iface eth0:0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.0.1\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" network 192.168.0.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
" metric 1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12653
msgid ""
"Although this configuration example with <ulink "
"url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation "
"(NAT)</ulink> using <ulink "
"url=\"&netfilteriptables;\">netfilter/iptables</ulink> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>) can provide cheap router for the "
"LAN with only single interface, there is no real firewall capability with "
"such set up.  You should use 2 physical interfaces with NAT to secure the "
"local network from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12657
msgid "The advanced command syntax"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12658
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package offers advanced network "
"configuration using the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"interface</emphasis> name.  I use slightly different terminology from one "
"used in <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>interfaces</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12660
msgid "List of terminology for network devices"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12669
msgid "manpage terminology"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12672
msgid "my terminology"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12675
msgid "examples in the following text"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12684
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12686
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12688
msgid ""
"<literal>lo</literal>, <literal>eth0</literal>, "
"<literal>&lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12690
msgid "name given by the Linux kernel (using <literal>udev</literal> mechanism)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12694
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">logical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12696
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12698
msgid ""
"<literal>config1</literal>, <literal>config2</literal>, "
"<literal>&lt;config_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12700
msgid ""
"name token following <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12706
msgid ""
"Basic network configuration commands in <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_command_syntax_simplified\"/> require the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name token of the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza to match the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12707
msgid ""
"Advanced network configuration commands enables separation of the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12709
msgid "List of advanced network configuration commands with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12726
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12729
msgid ""
"bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration "
"<literal>config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12734
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12737
msgid ""
"bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the "
"configuration <literal>config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12745
msgid ""
"bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration "
"selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> "
"stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12753
msgid ""
"bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the "
"configuration selected by <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12761
msgid "The mapping stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12762
msgid ""
"We skipped explaining the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" in <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> to avoid "
"complication.  This stanza has the following syntax."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12763
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;\n"
" script &lt;script_name&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input1&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input2&gt;\n"
" map ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12768
msgid ""
"This provides advanced feature to the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file by automating the choice "
"of the configuration with the mapping script specified by "
"<literal>&lt;script_name&gt;</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12769
msgid "Let's follow the execution of the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12770
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo ifup eth0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12771
msgid ""
"When the \"<literal>&lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\" matches "
"\"<literal>eth0</literal>\", this execution produces the execution of the "
"following command to configure <literal>eth0</literal> automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12772
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=$(echo -e '&lt;script_input1&gt; \\n &lt;script_input2&gt; "
"\\n ...' | &lt;script_name&gt; eth0)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12773
msgid ""
"Here, script input lines with \"<literal>map</literal>\" are optional and "
"can be repeated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12775
msgid ""
"The glob for <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> "
"stanza works like shell filename glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12779
msgid "The manually switchable network configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12780
msgid ""
"Here is how to switch manually among several network configurations without "
"rewriting the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as in "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_reconfiguration\"/> ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12781
msgid ""
"For all the network configuration you need to access, you create a single "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12782
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"iface config1 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\"\n"
"\n"
"iface config2 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1\n"
"\n"
"iface pppoe inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider\n"
"\n"
"iface pots inet ppp\n"
" provider provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12808
msgid ""
"Please note the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration "
"name</emphasis> which is the token after <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> does not use the token "
"for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface name</emphasis>.  Also, "
"there are no <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> "
"stanza nor <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza to start "
"the network interface <literal>eth0</literal> automatically upon events."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12809
msgid "Now you are ready to switch the network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12810
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the DHCP.  You bring up the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> (the physical interface) "
"<literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"configuration</emphasis> name (the logical interface name) "
"<literal>config1</literal> to it by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12811
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config1\n"
"Password:\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12814
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured by DHCP and "
"connected to LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12815
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config1\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12817
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12818
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the static IP.  You bring up the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> "
"<literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"configuration</emphasis> name <literal>config2</literal> to it by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12819
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12821
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with static IP and "
"connected to LAN. The additional parameters given as "
"<literal>dns-*</literal> configures \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" "
"contents.  This \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is better manged if "
"the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12822
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12824
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN, "
"again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12825
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a port on BB-modem connected to the PPPoE served "
"service.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"interface</emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name "
"<literal>pppoe</literal> to it by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12826
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12828
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with PPPoE "
"connection directly to the ISP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12829
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12831
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected, again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12832
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a location without LAN or BB-modem but with POTS and "
"modem.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"interface</emphasis> <literal>ppp0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name "
"<literal>pots</literal> to it by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12833
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12835
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is up and connected to the Internet "
"with PPP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12836
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12838
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is down and disconnected from the "
"Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12839
msgid ""
"You should check the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file "
"for the current network configuration state of the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12841
msgid ""
"You may need to adjust numbers at the end of <literal>eth*</literal>, "
"<literal>ppp*</literal>, etc. if you have multiple network interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12845
msgid "Scripting with the ifupdown system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12846
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> system automatically runs scripts installed "
"in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" while exporting environment "
"variables to scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12848
msgid "List of environment variables passed by the ifupdown system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12855
msgid "environment variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12858
msgid "value passed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12865
msgid "\"<literal>$IFACE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12868
msgid "physical name (interface name) of the interface being processed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12873
msgid "\"<literal>$LOGICAL</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12876
msgid "logical name (configuration name) of the interface being processed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12881
msgid "\"<literal>$ADDRFAM</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12884
msgid "&lt;address_family&gt; of the interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12889
msgid "\"<literal>$METHOD</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12892
msgid "&lt;method_name&gt; of the interface. (e.g., \"static\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12897
msgid "\"<literal>$MODE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12900
msgid ""
"\"start\" if run from <literal>ifup</literal>, \"stop\" if run from "
"<literal>ifdown</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12905
msgid "\"<literal>$PHASE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12908
msgid ""
"as per \"<literal>$MODE</literal>\", but with finer granularity, "
"distinguishing the <literal>pre-up</literal>, <literal>post-up</literal>, "
"<literal>pre-down</literal> and <literal>post-down</literal> phases"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12913
msgid "\"<literal>$VERBOSITY</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12916
msgid ""
"indicates whether \"<literal>--verbose</literal>\" was used; set to 1 if so, "
"0 if not"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12921
msgid "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12924
msgid ""
"command search path: "
"\"<literal>/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12929
msgid "\"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12932
msgid ""
"value for the corresponding option under the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12938
msgid ""
"Here, each environment variable, \"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\", "
"is created from the name for the corresponding option such as "
"&lt;option1&gt; and &lt;option2&gt; by prepending "
"\"<literal>$IF_</literal>\", converting the case to the upper case, "
"replacing hyphens to underscores, and discarding non-alphanumeric "
"characters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12940
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> for "
"&lt;address_family&gt;, &lt;method_name&gt;, &lt;option1&gt; and "
"&lt;option2&gt;."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12942
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_ifupdown_extra_package\"/>) uses these environment variables "
"to extend the functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package.  The "
"<literal>ifmetric</literal> package (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_ifmetric_package\"/>) installs the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/if-up.d/ifmetric</literal>\" script which sets the "
"metric via the \"<literal>$IF_METRIC</literal>\" variable.  The "
"<literal>guessnet</literal> package (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_mapping_with_guessnet\"/>), which provides simple and powerful "
"framework for the auto-selection of the network configuration via the "
"mapping mechanism, also uses these."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12944
msgid ""
"For more specific examples of custom network configuration scripts using "
"these environment variables, you should check example scripts in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/*</literal>\" and scripts used "
"in <literal>ifscheme</literal> and <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> "
"packages.  These additional scripts have some overlaps of functionalities "
"with basic <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> and <literal>guessnet</literal> "
"packages.  If you install these additional scripts, you should customize "
"these scripts to avoid interferences."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12948
msgid "Mapping with guessnet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12949
msgid ""
"Instead of manually choosing configuration as described in <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_manually_switchable_network_configuration\"/>, you can use "
"the mapping mechanism described in <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/> "
"to select network configuration automatically with custom scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12950
msgid ""
"The <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>(8) command provided by the "
"<literal>guessnet</literal> package is designed to be used as a mapping "
"script and provides powerful framework to enhance the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12954
msgid ""
"You list test condition as the value for <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options for each "
"network configuration under <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12959
msgid ""
"Mapping choses the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> with first non-ERROR "
"result as the network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12963
msgid ""
"This dual usage of the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file "
"by the mapping script, <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>, and the "
"original network configuration infrastructure, <literal>ifupdown</literal>, "
"does not cause negative impacts since <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options only export "
"extra environment variables to scripts run by the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system.  See details in "
"<literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12965
msgid ""
"When multiple <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> option lines are "
"required in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\", use option lines "
"started with <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet1</literal></emphasis>, <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet2</literal></emphasis>, and so on, since "
"the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package does not allow starting strings of "
"option lines to be repeated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12970
msgid "The network configuration for desktop"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12972
msgid "GUI network configuration tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12973
msgid ""
"The capability of default GUI network configuration tools for each desktop "
"environments such as GNOME tends to be limited to basic configurations such "
"as static IP or DHCP.  They actually overwrite contents of "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file behind you. Please check "
"how they change \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file by "
"yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12975
msgid ""
"They may not understand complicated advanced configuration done manually in "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12979
msgid "Automatic network configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12980
msgid ""
"There are independent automatic network configuration tools, such as <ulink "
"url=\"&networkmanagernm;\">NetworkManager (NM)</ulink> "
"(<literal>network-manager</literal> and associated packages) and <ulink "
"url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> (<literal>wicd</literal> package) which manage "
"network connection via <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> independent of "
"the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package. They allow easy management of "
"wireless connections.  These come with its own nice GUI user interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12982
msgid ""
"Do not use these automatic network configuration tools for servers.  These "
"are aimed primarily for mobile desktop users on laptops."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12985
msgid ""
"These automatic network configuration tools are moving targets and "
"documentation here is likely to be incorrect for "
"<literal>squeeze</literal>.  So be warned."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12988
msgid ""
"These automatic network configuration tools may not be compatible with "
"esoteric configurations of <literal>ifupdown</literal> in "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" such as ones in <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>.  Having "
"even \"<literal>hostname</literal>\" stanza for DHCP controlled interface as "
"described in <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/> "
"caused NM to ignore such interface in <literal>lenny</literal>. Check <ulink "
"url=\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">BTS of network-manager</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&btsofwicd;\">BTS of wicd</ulink> for current issues and limitations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12990
msgid ""
"The configuration of NM is described in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/network-manager/README.Debian</literal>\".  "
"Essentially this is as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12994
msgid ""
"Make desktop user, e.g. <literal>foo</literal>, belong to group "
"\"<literal>netdev</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12996
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo adduser foo netdev"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13000
msgid ""
"Keep configuration of \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" as "
"simple as the the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13010
msgid "Restart NM by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13012
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager restart"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13016
msgid ""
"Only interfaces which are <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> listed in "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" or which have been configured "
"with \"<literal>auto …</literal>\" or \"<literal>allow-hotplug …</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>iface … inet dhcp</literal>\" (with no other options) are "
"managed by NM to avoid conflict with <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13018
msgid ""
"The configuration of <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> is described in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wicd/README.Debian</literal>\".  Essentially, this "
"is as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13022
msgid ""
"Make configuration in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" only as "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13029
msgid "Restart Wicd as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13031
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/wicd restart"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13037
msgid "The low level network configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13039
msgid "Iproute2 commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13040
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">Iproute2</ulink> commands offer complete low-level "
"network configuration capabilities. Here is a translation table from "
"obsolete <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> commands to new <ulink "
"url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink> etc. commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13042
msgid ""
"Translation table from obsolete <literal>net-tools</literal> commands to new "
"<literal>iproute2</literal> commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13050
msgid "obsolete net-tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13053
msgid "new iproute2 etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13056
msgid "manipulation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13062
msgid "<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13065
msgid "<literal>ip addr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13068
msgid "protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13072
msgid "<literal>route</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13075
msgid "<literal>ip route</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13078
msgid "routing table entry"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13082
msgid "<literal>arp</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13085 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13197
msgid "<literal>ip neigh</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13088
msgid "ARP or NDISC cache entry"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13093
msgid "<literal>ipmaddr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13096
msgid "<literal>ip maddr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13099
msgid "multicast address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13104
msgid "<literal>iptunnel</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13107
msgid "<literal>ip tunnel</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13110
msgid "tunnel over IP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13114
msgid "<literal>nameif</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13116
msgid "<literal>ifrename</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13119
msgid "name network interfaces based on MAC addresses"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13123
msgid "<literal>mii-tool</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13125
msgid "<literal>ethtool</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13128
msgid "Ethernet device settings"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13134
msgid ""
"See <literal>ip</literal>(8) and <ulink "
"url=\"&iproutecutilitysuitehowto;\">IPROUTE2 Utility Suite Howto</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13137
msgid "Safe low level network operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13138
msgid ""
"You may use low level network commands as follows safely since they do not "
"change network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13140
msgid "List of low level network commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13157
msgid "<literal>ifconfig</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13160 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13168
msgid "display the link and address status of active interfaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13165
msgid "<literal>ip addr show</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13173
msgid "<literal>route -n</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13176 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13184
msgid "display all the routing table in numerical addresses"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13181
msgid "<literal>ip route show</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13189
msgid "<literal>arp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13192 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13200
msgid ""
"display the current content of the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> cache "
"tables"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13205
msgid "<literal>plog</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13208
msgid "display ppp daemon log"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13213
msgid "<literal>ping yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13216
msgid "check the Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13221
msgid "<literal>whois yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13224
msgid ""
"check who registered \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" in the domains "
"database"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13229
msgid "<literal>traceroute yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13232 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13240
msgid "trace the Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13237
msgid "<literal>tracepath yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13245
msgid "<literal>mtr yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13248
msgid ""
"trace the Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" "
"(repeatedly)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13253
msgid "<literal>dig [@dns-server.com] example.com [{a|mx|any}]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13256
msgid ""
"check <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> records of "
"\"<literal>example.com</literal>\" by \"<literal>dns-server.com</literal>\" "
"for a \"<literal>a</literal>\", \"<literal>mx</literal>\", or "
"\"<literal>any</literal>\" record"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13261
msgid "<literal>iptables -L -n</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13264
msgid "check packet filter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13269
msgid "<literal>netstat -a</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13272
msgid "find all open ports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13277
msgid "<literal>netstat -l --inet</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13280
msgid "find listening ports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13285
msgid "<literal>netstat -ln --tcp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13288
msgid "find listening TCP ports (numeric)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13293
msgid "<literal>dlint example.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13296
msgid "check DNS zone information of \"<literal>example.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13303
msgid ""
"Some of these low level network configuration tools reside in "
"\"<literal>/sbin/</literal>\".  You may need to issue full command path such "
"as \"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\" or add \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" "
"to the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" list in your "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13308
msgid "Network optimization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13309
msgid ""
"Generic network optimization is beyond the scope of this documentation.  I "
"touch only subjects pertinent to the consumer grade connection."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13311
msgid "List of network optimization tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13339
msgid "display bandwidth usage information on an network interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13347
msgid "Internet Protocol bandwidth measuring tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13355
msgid ""
"write a \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file based on bandwidth "
"tests"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13363
msgid "InterFace STATistics Monitoring"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13371
msgid "portable bandwidth monitor and rate estimator"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13379
msgid "script that quickly measures network device throughput"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13387
msgid "empirical stochastic bandwidth tester"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13395
msgid "small and simple console-based bandwidth monitor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13403
msgid "console-based Ethernet statistics monitor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13411
msgid "bandwidth analysis tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13418
msgid "Finding optimal MTU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13419
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&maximumtransmissionunitmtu;\">Maximum Transmission Unit "
"(MTU)</ulink> value can be determined experimentally with "
"<literal>ping</literal>(8) with \"<literal>-M do</literal>\" option which "
"sends ICMP packets with data size starting from 1500 (with offset of 28 "
"bytes for the IP+ICMP header) and finding the largest size without IP "
"fragmentation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13421
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ping -c 1 -s $((1500-28)) -M do www.debian.org\n"
"PING www.debian.org (194.109.137.218) 1472(1500) bytes of data.\n"
"From 192.168.11.2 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1454)\n"
"\n"
"--- www.debian.org ping statistics ---\n"
"0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13427
msgid "Try 1454 instead of 1500"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13428
msgid "You see <literal>ping</literal>(8) succeed with 1454."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13429
msgid ""
"This process is <ulink url=\"&pathmtupmtudiscovery;\">Path MTU (PMTU) "
"discovery</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcbbjb;\">RFC1191</ulink>) and the "
"<literal>tracepath</literal>(8) command can automate this."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13431
msgid ""
"The above example with PMTU value of 1454 is for my previous FTTP provider "
"which used <ulink url=\"&asynchronoustransfermode;\">Asynchronous Transfer "
"Mode</ulink> (ATM) as its backbone network and served its clients with the "
"<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>.  The actual PMTU value depends on your "
"environment, e.g., 1500 for the my new FTTP provider."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13434
msgid "Basic guide lines of the optimal MTU value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13442
msgid "network environment"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13445
msgid "MTU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13448
msgid "rationale"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13455
msgid "Dial-up link (IP: PPP)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13458
msgid "576"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13461
msgid "standard"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13466
msgid "Ethernet link (IP: DHCP or fixed)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13469
msgid "1500"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13472
msgid "standard and default"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13477
msgid "Ethernet link (IP: PPPoE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13480
msgid "1492 (=1500-8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13483
msgid "2 bytes for PPP header and 6 bytes for PPPoE header"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13488
msgid "Ethernet link (ISP's backbone: ATM, IP: DHCP or fixed)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13491
msgid "1462 (=48*31-18-8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13494
msgid "author's speculation: 18 for Ethernet header, 8 for SAR trailer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13499
msgid "Ethernet link (ISP's backbone: ATM, IP: PPPoE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13502
msgid "1454 (=48*31-8-18-8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13505
msgid ""
"see \"<ulink url=\"&optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections;\">Optimal MTU "
"configuration for PPPoE ADSL Connections</ulink>\" for rationale"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13511
msgid "In addtion to these basic guide lines, you should know the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13515
msgid ""
"Any use of tunneling methods (<ulink url=\"&vpn;\">VPN</ulink> etc.) may "
"reduce optimal MTU further by their overheads."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13520
msgid "The MTU value should not exceed the experimentally determined PMTU value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13525
msgid "The bigger MTU value is generally better when other limitations are met."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13531
msgid "Setting MTU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13532
msgid "Here are examples for setting the MTU value from its default 1500 to 1454."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13533
msgid ""
"For the DHCP (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/>), you can replace "
"pertinent <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> "
"stanza lines in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" with the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13534
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\"\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig $IFACE mtu 1454"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13537
msgid ""
"For the static IP (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip\"/>), you can replace "
"pertinent "
"<emphasis>'</emphasis><literal>iface</literal><emphasis>'</emphasis> stanza "
"lines in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" with the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13538
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" mtu 1454\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13546
msgid ""
"For the direct PPPoE (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>), you can replace "
"pertinent \"<literal>mtu</literal>\" line in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>\" with the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13547
#, no-wrap
msgid "mtu 1454"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13548
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&maximumsegmentsize;\">maximum segment size</ulink> (MSS) "
"is used as an alternative measure of packet size.  The relationship between "
"MSS and MTU are the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13552
msgid "MSS = MTU - 40 for IPv4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13557
msgid "MSS = MTU - 60 for IPv6"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13562
msgid ""
"The <literal>iptables</literal>(8) (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>) based optimization can clamp packet "
"size by the MSS and is useful for the router."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13566
msgid "WAN TCP optimization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13567
msgid ""
"The TCP throughput can be maximized by adjusting TCP buffer size parameters "
"as described in \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuningguide;\">TCP Tuning Guide</ulink>\" "
"and \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuning;\">TCP tuning</ulink>\" for the modern "
"high-bandwidth and high-latency WAN.  So far, the current Debian default "
"settings serve well even for my LAN connected by the fast 1G bps FTTP "
"service."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13571
msgid "Netfilter infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13572
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink> provides infrastructure for "
"<ulink url=\"&statefulfirewall;\">stateful firewall</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation "
"(NAT)</ulink> with <ulink url=\"&linuxkernel;\">Linux kernel</ulink> modules "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13574
msgid "List of firewall tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13602
msgid "administration tools for <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13610
msgid ""
"continuously monitor <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> state "
"(similar to <literal>top</literal>(1))"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13617
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator "
"(Perl-based, recommended for <literal>lenny</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13624
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator "
"(shell-based, alternative for <literal>lenny</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13630
msgid ""
"Main user space program of <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> is "
"<literal>iptables</literal>(8).  You can manually configure <ulink "
"url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> interactively from shell, save its "
"state with <literal>iptables-save</literal>(8), and restore it via init "
"script with <literal>iptables-restore</literal>(8) upon system reboot."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13631
msgid ""
"Configuration helper scripts such as <ulink "
"url=\"&shorewall;\">shorewall</ulink> ease this process."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13632
msgid ""
"See documentations at <ulink "
"url=\"&httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation;\">http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/</ulink> "
"(or in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/iptables/html/</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13636
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxnetworkingconceptshowto;\">Linux Networking-concepts "
"HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13641
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxcepacketfilteringhowto;\">Linux 2.4 Packet Filtering "
"HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13646
msgid "<ulink url=\"&linuxcenathowto;\">Linux 2.4 NAT HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13651
msgid ""
"Although these were written for Linux <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">2.4</emphasis>, both <literal>iptables</literal>(8) command "
"and netfilter kernel function apply for current Linux <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">2.6</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13656
msgid "Network applications"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13657
msgid ""
"After establishing network connectivity (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_network_setup\"/>), you can run various network applications."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13659
msgid "Web browsers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13660
msgid ""
"There are many <ulink url=\"&webbrowser;\">web browser</ulink> packages to "
"access remote contents with <ulink "
"url=\"&hypertexttransferprotocol;\">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</ulink> "
"(HTTP)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13662
msgid "List of web browsers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13684
msgid "description of web browser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13694
msgid "X"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13697
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&mozillafirefox;\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13708
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink><ulink "
"url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, removed due to security concerns <ulink "
"url=\"&bugfaffgf;\">bug#505565</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13717
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&hig;\">HIG</ulink> "
"compliant, <ulink url=\"&epiphany;\">Epiphany</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13727
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&galeon;\">Galeon</ulink>, superseded by <ulink "
"url=\"&epiphany;\">Epiphany</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13736
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&konqueror;\">Konqueror</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13743
msgid "text"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13746
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wdm;\">w3m</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13757
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lynx;\">Lynx</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13768
msgid "<ulink url=\"&elinks;\">ELinks</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13778
msgid "<ulink url=\"&links;\">Links</ulink> (text only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13786
msgid "graphics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13788
msgid "<ulink url=\"&links;\">Links</ulink> (console graphics without X)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13795
msgid "Browser configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13796
msgid ""
"You may be able to use following special URL strings for some browsers to "
"confirm their settings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13800
msgid "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13805
msgid "\"<literal>about:config</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13810
msgid "\"<literal>about:plugins</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13814
msgid ""
"Debian offers many free browser plugin packages in the main component which "
"can handle not only <ulink url=\"&javasoftwareplatform;\">Java (software "
"platform)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&flash;\">Flash</ulink> but also <ulink "
"url=\"&mpeg;\">MPEG</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpegc;\">MPEG2</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&mpege;\">MPEG4</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&divx;\">DivX</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&windowsmediavideowmv;\">Windows Media Video (.wmv)</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&quicktimemov;\">QuickTime (.mov)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpdmpd;\">MP3 "
"(.mp3)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&oggvorbis;\">Ogg/Vorbis</ulink> files, DVDs, "
"VCDs, etc.  Debian also offers helper programs to install non-free browser "
"plugin packages as contrib or non-free components."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13816
msgid "List of browser plugin packages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13848 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13870 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13881 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13903 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13914 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13925
msgid "main"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13851
msgid "Java plugin using Hotspot JIT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13859
msgid "non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13862
msgid "Java plugin for Sun's Java SE 6 (i386 only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13873
msgid "Flash plugin based on libswfdec"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13884
msgid "Flash plugin based on Gnash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13892 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13936
msgid "contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13895
msgid "Flash plugin helper to install Adobe Flash Player (i386, amd64 only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13906
msgid ""
"Multimedia plugin based on <ulink url=\"&vlcmediaplayer;\">VLC media "
"player</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13917
msgid ""
"Multimedia plugin based on <ulink url=\"&gnomestotemmediaplayer;\">GNOME's "
"Totem media player</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13928
msgid "Multimedia plugin based on (GNOME) <ulink url=\"&mplayer;\">MPlayer</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13939
msgid "A wrapper to run i386 Netscape plugins on amd64 architecture"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13946
msgid ""
"Although use of above Debian packages are much easier, browser plugins can "
"be still manually enabled by installing \"*.so\" into plugin directories "
"(e.g., \"<literal>/usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins/</literal>\") and restarting "
"browsers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13948
msgid ""
"Some web sites refuse to be connected based on the user-agent string of your "
"browser.  You can work around this situation by <ulink "
"url=\"&spoofingtheuseragentstring;\">spoofing the user-agent "
"string</ulink>.  For example, you can do this by adding following line into "
"user configuration files such as "
"\"<literal>~/.gnome2/epiphany/mozilla/epiphany/user.js</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/user.js</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13949
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"user_pref{\"general.useragent.override\",\"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE "
"7.0; Windows NT 6.0)\"};"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13950
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you can add and reset this variable by typing "
"\"<literal>about:config</literal>\" into URL and right clicking its display "
"contents."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13952
msgid ""
"Spoofed user-agent string may cause <ulink "
"url=\"&badsideeffectswithjava;\">bad side effects with Java</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13957
msgid "The mail system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13959
msgid ""
"If you are to set up the mail server to exchange mail directly with the "
"Internet, you should be better than reading this elementary document."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13962
msgid "Modern mail service basics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13963
msgid ""
"In order to contain spam (unwanted and unsolicited e-mail) problems, many "
"ISPs which provide consumer grade Internet connection are implementing "
"counter measures."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13967
msgid ""
"The smarthost service for their customers to send message uses the message "
"submission port (587) specified in <ulink url=\"&rfceeaj;\">rfc4409</ulink> "
"with the password (<ulink url=\"&smtpauth;\">SMTP AUTH</ulink> service) "
"specified in <ulink url=\"&rfcejfe;\">rfc4954</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13972
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port (25) connection from their "
"internal network hosts (except ISP's own outgoing mail server) to the "
"Internet are blocked."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13977
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port (25) connection to the ISP's "
"incoming mail server from some suspicious external network hosts are "
"blocked.  (The connection from hosts on the dynamic IP address range used by "
"the dial-up and other consumer grade Internet connections are the first ones "
"to be blocked.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13981
msgid ""
"When configuring your mail system or resolving mail delivery problems, you "
"must consider these new limitations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13982
msgid ""
"In light of these hostile Internet situation and limitations, some "
"independent Internet mail ISPs such as Yahoo.com and Gmail.com offer the "
"secure mail service which can be connected from anywhere on the Internet "
"using <ulink url=\"&transportlayerseesocketslayerssl;\">Transport Layer "
"Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13986
msgid ""
"The smarthost service for their customers to send message uses the SMTP/SSL "
"port (465) or the message submission port (587) with the password (SMTP AUTH "
"service)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13991
msgid ""
"The incoming mail is accessible at the TLS/POP3 port (995) with <ulink "
"url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13996
msgid ""
"It is not realistic to run SMTP server on consumer grade network to send "
"mail directly to the remote host reliably.  They are very likely to be "
"rejected.  You must use some smarthost services offered by your connection "
"ISP or independent mail ISPs.  For the simplicity, I assume that the "
"smarthost is located at \"<literal>smtp.hostname.dom</literal>\", requires "
"<ulink url=\"&smtpauth;\">SMTP AUTH</ulink>, and uses the message submission "
"port (587) in the following text."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14000
msgid "The mail configuration strategy for workstation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14001
msgid ""
"The most simple mail configuration is that the mail is sent to the ISP's "
"smarthost and received from ISP's POP3 server by the MUA (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>) itself. This type of configuration is "
"popular with full featured GUI based MUA such as "
"<literal>icedove</literal>(1), <literal>evolution</literal>(1), etc. If you "
"need to filter mail by their types, you use MUA's filtering function. For "
"this case, the local MTA (see <xref linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) "
"need to do local delivery only."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14002
msgid ""
"The alternative mail configuration is that the mail is sent via local MTA to "
"the ISP's smarthost and received from ISP's POP3 by the mail retriever (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_remote_mail_retrieval_and_forward_utility\"/>) to the "
"local mailbox.  If you need to filter mail by their types, you use MDA with "
"filter (see <xref linkend=\"_mail_delivery_agent_mda_with_filter\"/>) to "
"filter mail into separate mailboxes.  This type of configuration is popular "
"with simple console based MUA such as <literal>mutt</literal>(1), "
"<literal>gnus</literal>(1), etc., although this is possible with any MUAs "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>). For this case, the local MTA "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) need to do both "
"smarthost delivery and local delivery."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14006
msgid "Mail transport agent (MTA)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14007
msgid ""
"For normal workstation, the popular choice for Mail transport agent (MTA) is "
"either <literal>exim4-*</literal> or <literal>postfix</literal> packages.  "
"It is really up to you."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14009
msgid "List of basic mail transport agent related packages for workstation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14037
msgid "Exim4 mail transport agent (MTA: Debian default)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14045
msgid "Exim4 documentation (text) and common files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14053
msgid "Exim4 documentation (html)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14061
msgid "Exim4 documentation (info)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14069
msgid "Postfix mail transport agent (MTA: alternative)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14077
msgid "Postfix documentation (html+text)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14085
msgid "Cyrus SASL API implementation (supplement postfix for SMTP AUTH)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14093
msgid "Cyrus SASL - documentation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14099
msgid ""
"Although the popcon vote count of <literal>exim4-*</literal> looks several "
"times popular than that of <literal>postfix</literal>, this does not mean "
"<literal>postfix</literal> is not popular with Debian developers.  The "
"Debian server system uses both <literal>exim4</literal> and "
"<literal>postfix</literal>.  The <ulink url=\"&mailheaderanalysis;\">mail "
"header analysis</ulink> of mailing list postings from prominent Debian "
"developers also indicate both of these MTAs are as popular."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14100
msgid ""
"The <literal>exim4-*</literal> packages are known to have very small memory "
"consumption and very flexible for its configuration.  The "
"<literal>postfix</literal> package is known to be compact, fast, simple, and "
"secure.  Both come with ample documentation and are as good in quality and "
"license."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14101
msgid ""
"There are many choices for mail transport agent (MTA) packages with "
"different capability and focus in Debian archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14103
msgid "List of choices for mail transport agent (MTA) packages in Debian archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14121
msgid "capability and focus"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14131
msgid "full"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14139
msgid "full (security)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14147
msgid "full (flexible)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14155
msgid "full (only if you are already familiar)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14163 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14171
msgid "strip down, no local mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14179
msgid "very full (web interface etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14187 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14195 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14203 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14219
msgid "light"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14211
msgid "light (sendmail compatibility extension to <literal>esmtp</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14227
msgid "light (sendmail compatibility extension to <literal>msmtp</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14234
msgid "The configuration of exim4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14235
msgid ""
"For the Internet mail via smarthost, you (re)configure "
"<literal>exim4-*</literal> packages as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14236
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-conf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14238
msgid "Chose \"mail sent by smarthost; received via SMTP or fetchmail\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14239
msgid ""
"Set \"IP address or host name of the outgoing smarthost:\" to "
"\"smtp.hostname.dom:587\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14240
msgid ""
"Reply to \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-Demand)?\" as one of "
"the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14244
msgid "\"No\" if the system is connected to the Internet while booting."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14249
msgid ""
"\"Yes\" if the system is <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> connected "
"to the Internet while booting."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14253
msgid ""
"Create password entries for the smarthost by editing \"<literal> "
"/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14254
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo vim /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
" ...\n"
"$ cat /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
"^smtp.*\\.hostname\\.dom:username@hostname.dom:password"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14258
msgid "Start <literal>exim4</literal> by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14259
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 start"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14260
msgid ""
"The host name in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" should not "
"be the alias.  You check the real host name with the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14261
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ host smtp.hostname.dom\n"
"smtp.hostname.dom is an alias for smtp99.hostname.dom.\n"
"smtp99.hostname.dom has address 123.234.123.89"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14264
msgid ""
"I use regex in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" to work "
"around the alias issue.  SMTP AUTH probably works even if the ISP moves host "
"pointed by the alias."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14266
msgid ""
"You must execute <literal>update-exim4.conf</literal>(8) after manually "
"updating <literal>exim4</literal> configuration files in "
"\"<literal>/etc/exim4/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14269
msgid ""
"Starting <literal>exim4</literal> takes long time if \"No\" (default value) "
"was chosen for the debconf query of \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal "
"(Dial-on-Demand)?\" and the system is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> connected to the Internet while booting."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14272
msgid ""
"Please read the official guide at: "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/exim4-base/README.Debian.gz</literal>\" and "
"<literal>update-exim4.conf</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14275
msgid ""
"Local customization file "
"\"<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.localmacros</literal>\" may be created to "
"set MACROs.  For example, <ulink url=\"&yahoo;\">Yahoo</ulink>'s mail "
"service is said to require \"<literal>MAIN_TLS_ENABLE = true</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>AUTH_CLIENT_ALLOW_NOTLS_PASSWORDS = yes</literal>\" in it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14278
msgid ""
"If you are looking for a light weight MTA that respects "
"\"<literal>/etc/aliases</literal>\" for your laptop PC, you should consider "
"to configure <literal>exim4</literal>(8) with "
"\"<literal>QUEUERUNNER='nodaemon'</literal>\" etc. in "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14282
msgid "The configuration of postfix with SASL"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14283
msgid ""
"For the Internet mail via smarthost, you should first read <ulink "
"url=\"&postfixdocumentation;\">postfix documentation</ulink> and key manual "
"pages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14285
msgid "List of important postfix manual pages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14301
msgid "<literal>postfix</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14304
msgid "Postfix control program"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14308
msgid "<literal>postconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14311
msgid "Postfix configuration utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14315
msgid "<literal>postconf</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14318
msgid "Postfix configuration parameters"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14322
msgid "<literal>postmap</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14325
msgid "Postfix lookup table maintenance"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14329
msgid "<literal>postalias</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14332
msgid "Postfix alias database maintenance"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14338
msgid ""
"You (re)configure <literal>postfix</literal> and "
"<literal>sasl2-bin</literal> packages as follows."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14339
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14341
msgid "Chose \"Internet with smarthost\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14342
msgid ""
"Set \"SMTP relay host (blank for none):\" to "
"\"<literal>[smtp.hostname.dom]:587</literal>\" and configure it by the "
"following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14343
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_password_maps = "
"hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_type = cyrus'\n"
"$ sudo vim /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14348
msgid "Create password entries for the smarthost."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14349
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cat /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd\n"
"[smtp.hostname.dom]:587     username:password\n"
"$ sudo postmap hush:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14352
msgid "Start the <literal>postfix</literal> by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14353
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14354
msgid ""
"Here the use of \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the "
"<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal> dialog and "
"\"<literal>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</literal>\" ensures not to check MX "
"record but directly use exact hostname specified.  See \"Enabling SASL "
"authentication in the Postfix SMTP client\" in "
"\"<literal>usr/share/doc/postfix/html/SASL_README.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14357
msgid "The mail address configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14358
msgid ""
"There are a few <ulink url=\"&mailaddressconfieryanduseragents;\">mail "
"address configuration files for mail transport, delivery and user "
"agents</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14360
msgid "List of mail address related configuration files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14374
msgid "application"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14381
msgid "<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14384
msgid "default host name for (outgoing) mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14387
msgid "Debian specific, <literal>mailname</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14392
msgid "<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14395 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14405
msgid "host name spoofing for outgoing mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14397
msgid ""
"<literal>exim</literal>(8) specific, "
"<literal>exim4-config_files</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14402
msgid "<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14407
msgid ""
"<literal>postfix</literal>(1) specific, activated after "
"<literal>postmap</literal>(1) command execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14412
msgid "<literal>/etc/aliases</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14415
msgid "account name alias for incoming mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14418
msgid "general, activated after <literal>newaliases</literal>(1) command execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14424
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" file is usually a fully qualified "
"domain name (FQDN) that resolves to one of the host's IP addresses.  For the "
"mobile workstation which does not have a hostname with resolvable IP "
"address, set this <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> to the value "
"of \"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\". (This is safe choice and works for "
"both <literal>exim4-*</literal> and <literal>postfix</literal>.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14426
msgid ""
"The contents of \"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" is used by many non-MTA "
"programs for their default behavior. For <literal>mutt</literal>, set "
"\"<literal>hostname</literal>\" and \"<literal>from</literal>\" variables in "
"<literal>~/muttrc</literal> file to override the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> value.  For programs in the "
"<literal>devscripts</literal> package, such as <literal>bts</literal>(1) and "
"<literal>dch</literal>(1), export environment variables "
"\"<literal>$DEBFULLNAME</literal>\" and \"<literal>$DEBEMAIL</literal>\" to "
"override it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14428
msgid ""
"When setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> to "
"\"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\", the spoofing of the source mail address "
"via MTA can be realized by the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14432
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>\" file for "
"<literal>exim4</literal>(8) as explained in the "
"<literal>exim4-config_files</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14437
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>\" file for "
"<literal>postfix</literal>(1) as explained in the "
"<literal>generic</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14441
msgid "For <literal>postfix</literal>, the following extra steps are needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14442
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# postmap hash:/etc/postfix/generic\n"
"# postconf -e 'smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic'\n"
"# postfix reload"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14445
msgid "You check filters using the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14448
msgid ""
"<literal>exim</literal>(8) with <literal>-brw, -bf, -bF, -bV, …</literal> "
"options"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14452
msgid "<literal>postmap</literal>(1) with <literal>-q</literal> option."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14457
msgid ""
"Exim comes with several utility programs such as "
"<literal>exiqgrep</literal>(8) and <literal>exipick</literal>(8).  See "
"\"<literal>dpkg -L exim4-base|grep man8/</literal>\" for available commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14461
msgid "Basic MTA operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14462
msgid ""
"There are several basic MTA operations.  Some may be performed via "
"<literal>sendmail</literal>(1) compatibility interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14464
msgid "List of basic MTA operation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14472
msgid "exim command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14475
msgid "postfix command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14485 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14488
msgid "<literal>sendmail</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14491
msgid ""
"read mails from standard input and arrange for delivery "
"(<literal>-bm</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14496 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14499
msgid "<literal>mailq</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14502
msgid "list the mail queue with status and queue ID (<literal>-bp</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14507 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14510
msgid "<literal>newaliases</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14513
msgid "initialize alias database (<literal>-I</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14518
msgid "<literal>exim4 -q</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14521
msgid "<literal>postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14524
msgid "flush waiting mails (<literal>-q</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14529
msgid "<literal>exim4 -qf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14532
msgid "<literal>postsuper -r ALL deferred; postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14535
msgid "flush all mails"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14540
msgid "<literal>exim4 -qff</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14543
msgid "<literal>postsuper -r ALL; postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14546
msgid "flush even frozen mails"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14551
msgid "<literal>exim4 -Mg queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14554
msgid "<literal>postsuper -h queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14557
msgid "freeze one message by its queue ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14562
msgid "<literal>exim4 -Mrm queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14565
msgid "<literal>postsuper -d queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14568
msgid "remove one message by its queue ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14576
msgid "<literal>postsuper -d ALL</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14579
msgid "remove all messages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14586
msgid ""
"It may be a good idea to flush all mails by a script in "
"\"<literal>/etc/ppp/ip-up.d/*</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14591
msgid "Mail user agent (MUA)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14592
msgid ""
"If you subscribe to Debian related mailing list, it may be a good idea to "
"use such MUA as <literal>mutt</literal> and <literal>gnus</literal> which "
"are the de facto standard for the participant and known to behave as "
"expected."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14594
msgid "List of mail user agent (MUA)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14622
msgid ""
"X GUI program (<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&mozillafirefox;\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14630
msgid "X GUI program (part of a groupware suite)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14638
msgid ""
"X GUI program (<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&mozillathunderbird;\">Mozilla Thunderbird</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14646
msgid "character terminal program probably used with <literal>vim</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14654
msgid "character terminal program under <literal>(x)emacs</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14661
msgid "Basic MUA — Mutt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14662
msgid ""
"Customize \"<literal>~/.muttrc</literal>\" as the following to use "
"<literal>mutt</literal> as the mail user agent (MUA) in combination with "
"<literal>vim</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14663
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# use visual mode and \"gq\" to reformat quotes\n"
"set editor=\"vim -c 'set tw=72 et ft=mail'\"\n"
"#\n"
"# header weeding taken from the manual (Sven's Draconian header weeding)\n"
"#\n"
"ignore *\n"
"unignore from: date subject to cc\n"
"unignore user-agent x-mailer\n"
"hdr_order from subject to cc date user-agent x-mailer\n"
"set hostname=spoof.example.org\n"
"set from=\"First Last &lt;username@example.org&gt;\"\n"
"...."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14675
msgid ""
"Add the following to \"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>~/.mailcap</literal>\" to display HTML mail and MS Word "
"attachments inline."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14676
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal;\n"
"application/msword; /usr/bin/antiword '%s'; copiousoutput; "
"description=\"Microsoft Word Text\"; nametemplate=%s.doc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14681
msgid "The remote mail retrieval and forward utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14682
msgid ""
"Although <literal>fetchmail</literal>(1) has been de facto standard for the "
"remote mail retrieval on GNU/Linux, the author likes "
"<literal>getmail</literal>(1) now.  If you want to reject mail before "
"downloading to save bandwidth, <literal>mailfilter</literal> or "
"<literal>mpop</literal> may be useful.  Whichever mail retriever utilities "
"are used, it is good idea to configure system to deliver retrieved mails to "
"MDA, such as <literal>maildrop</literal>, via pipe."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14684
msgid "List of remote mail retrieval and forward utilities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14712
msgid "mail retriever (POP3, APOP, IMAP) (old)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14720
msgid "mail retriever (POP3, IMAP4, and SDPS) (simple, secure, and reliable)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14728
msgid "mail retriever (POP3) with with regex filtering capability"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14736
msgid "mail retriever (POP3) and MDA with filtering capability"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14743
msgid "getmail configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14744
msgid ""
"<literal>getmail</literal>(1) configuration is described in <ulink "
"url=\"&getmaildocumentation;\">getmail documentation</ulink>. Here is my set "
"up to access multiple POP3 accounts as user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14745
msgid "Create \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14746
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"set -e\n"
"rcfiles=\"/usr/bin/getmail\"\n"
"for file in $HOME/.getmail/config/* ; do\n"
"  rcfiles=\"$rcfiles --rcfile $file\"\n"
"done\n"
"exec $rcfiles $@"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14753 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14775
msgid "Configure it as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14754
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/getmails\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/config\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/log"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14758
msgid ""
"Create configuration files "
"\"<literal>$HOME/.getmail/config/pop3_name</literal>\" for each POP3 "
"accounts as the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14759
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[retriever]\n"
"type = SimplePOP3SSLRetriever\n"
"server = pop.example.com\n"
"username =  pop3_name@example.com\n"
"password = secret\n"
"\n"
"[destination]\n"
"type = MDA_external\n"
"path = /usr/bin/maildrop\n"
"unixfrom = True\n"
"\n"
"[options]\n"
"verbose = 0\n"
"delete = True\n"
"delivered_to = False\n"
"message_log = ~/.getmail/log/pop3_name.log"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14776
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.getmail/config/*"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14777
msgid ""
"Schedule \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\" to run every 15 "
"minutes with <literal>cron</literal>(8) by executing \"<literal>sudo crontab "
"-e -u &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\" and adding following to user's cron "
"entry."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14778
#, no-wrap
msgid "5,20,35,50 * * * * /usr/local/bin/getmails --quiet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14780
msgid ""
"Problems of POP3 access may not come from <literal>getmail</literal>. Some "
"popular free POP3 services may be violating the POP3 protocol and their SPAM "
"filter may not be perfect.  For example, they may delete messages just after "
"receiving RETR command before receiving DELE command and may quarantined "
"messages into Spam mailbox.  You should minimize damages by configuring them "
"to archive accessed messages and not to delete them. See also <ulink "
"url=\"&somemailwasnotdownloaded;\">\"Some mail was not downloaded\"</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14784
msgid "fetchmail configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14785
msgid ""
"<literal>fetchmail</literal>(1) configuration is set by "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/fetchmail</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/etc/fetchmailrc</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>$HOME/.fetchmailrc</literal>\".  See its example in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/fetchmail/examples/fetchmailrc.example</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14789
msgid "Mail delivery agent (MDA) with filter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14790
msgid ""
"Most MTA programs, such as <literal>postfix</literal> and "
"<literal>exim4</literal>, function as MDA (mail delivery agent). There are "
"specialized MDA with filtering capabilities."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14791
msgid ""
"Although <literal>procmail</literal>(1) has been de facto standard for MDA "
"with filter on GNU/Linux, author likes <literal>maildrop</literal>(1) now.  "
"Whichever filtering utilities are used, it is good idea to configure system "
"to deliver filtered mails to a <ulink "
"url=\"&qmailstylemaildir;\">qmail-style Maildir</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14793
msgid "List of MDA with filter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14821
msgid "MDA with filter (old)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14829
msgid "MDA with Perl filter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14837
msgid "MDA with structured filtering language"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14844
msgid "maildrop configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14845
msgid ""
"<literal>maildrop</literal>(1) configuration is described in <ulink "
"url=\"&maildropfilterdocumentation;\">maildropfilter documentation</ulink>.  "
"Here is a configuration example for "
"\"<literal>$HOME/.mailfilter</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14846
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"logfile $HOME/.maildroplog\n"
"# clearly bad looking mails: drop them into X-trash and exit\n"
"if (    /^X-Advertisement/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE/ )\n"
"    to \"$HOME/Maildir/X-trash/\"\n"
"\n"
"# Delivering mailinglist messages using automatically generated mailbox\n"
"if (    /^Precedence:.*list/ || /^Precedence:.*bulk/ )\n"
"{\n"
"    if ( /^List-Id:[ &lt;]*([^&lt;&gt;]*)[ &gt;]*/)\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"$MATCH1\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    else\n"
"    {\n"
"        if ( /^X-Loop: *(.*)@(.*)/)\n"
"        {\n"
"            MAILBOX=\"$MATCH1.$MATCH2\"\n"
"        }\n"
"        else\n"
"        {\n"
"            if (    /Return-Path:.*\\.debian\\.org/ )\n"
"            {\n"
"                MAILBOX=\"automatic.debian.org\"\n"
"            }\n"
"            else\n"
"            {\n"
"                MAILBOX=\"unknown-list\"\n"
"            }\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"    `test -d $MAILROOT/$MAILBOX`\n"
"    if ( $RETURNCODE == 1 )\n"
"        `maildirmake $MAILROOT/$MAILBOX`\n"
"    to \"$MAILROOT/$MAILBOX/\"\n"
"}\n"
"to \"$HOME/Maildir/Inbox/\"\n"
"exit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14887
msgid ""
"Unlike <literal>procmail</literal>, <literal>maildrop</literal> does not "
"create missing maildir directories automatically.  You must create them "
"manually using <literal>maildirmake</literal>(1) in advance as in the "
"example \"<literal>$HOME/.mailfilter</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14891
msgid "procmail configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14892
msgid ""
"Here is an equivalent configuration with "
"\"<literal>$HOME/.procmailrc</literal>\" for <literal>procmail</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14893
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir\n"
"DEFAULT=$MAILDIR/Inbox/\n"
"LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/Maillog\n"
"# clearly bad looking mails: drop them into X-trash and exit\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Advertisement\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE\n"
"X-trash/\n"
"\n"
"# Delivering mailinglist messages\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*list\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*bulk\n"
"* 1^0 ^List-\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Distribution:.*bulk\n"
"{\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Return-path:.*debian-devel-admin@debian.or.jp\n"
"jp-debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-user-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-user/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-devel-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-announce-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-announce\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"mailing-list/\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"Inbox/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14935
msgid "Redeliver mbox contents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14936
msgid ""
"You need to manually deliver mails to the sorted mailboxes in your home "
"directory from \"<literal>/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;</literal>\" if your "
"home directory became full and <literal>procmail</literal>(1) failed.  After "
"making disk space in the home directory, run the following."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14937
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} stop\n"
"# formail -s procmail &lt;/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;\n"
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} start"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14943
msgid "POP3/IMAP4 server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14944
msgid ""
"If you are to run a private server on LAN, you may consider to run <ulink "
"url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> / <ulink url=\"&imape;\">IMAP4</ulink> server "
"for delivering mail to LAN clients."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14946
msgid "List of POP3/IMAP4 servers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14978 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14989 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15000 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15011 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15022
msgid "POP3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14981
msgid "Qualcomm enhanced BSD POP3 server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14992
msgid "Courier mail server - POP3 server (maildir format only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15003
msgid "The University of Washington POP2 and POP3 server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15014
msgid "Cyrus mail system (POP3 support)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15025
msgid "ESMTP/POP3 mail server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15033 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15044 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15055
msgid "IMAP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15036
msgid "Courier mail server - IMAP server (maildir format only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15047
msgid "The University of Washington IMAP server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15058
msgid "Cyrus mail system (IMAP support)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15066
msgid "The print server and utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15067
msgid ""
"In the old Unix-like system, the BSD <ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">Line "
"printer daemon</ulink> was the standard.  Since the standard print out "
"format of the free software is PostScript on the Unix like system, some "
"filter system was used along with <ulink "
"url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink> to enable printing to the "
"non-PostScript printer."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15068
msgid ""
"Recently, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common UNIX Printing "
"System</ulink> (CUPS) is the new de facto standard.  The CUPS uses <ulink "
"url=\"&internetprintingprotocol;\">Internet Printing Protocol</ulink> "
"(IPP). The IPP is now supported by other OSs such as Windows XP and Mac OS X "
"and has became new cross-platform de facto standard for remote printing with "
"bi-directional communication capability."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15069
msgid ""
"The standard printable data format for the application on the Debian system "
"is the <ulink url=\"&postscriptps;\">PostScript (PS)</ulink> which is a page "
"description language.  The data in PS format is fed into the Ghostscript "
"PostScript interpreter to produce the printable data specific to the "
"printer.  See <xref linkend=\"_ghostscript\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15070
msgid ""
"Thanks to the file format dependent auto-conversion feature of the CUPS "
"system, simply feeding any data to the <literal>lpr</literal> command should "
"generate the expected print output. (In CUPS, <literal>lpr</literal> can be "
"enabled by installing the <literal>cups-bsd</literal> package.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15071
msgid ""
"The Debian system has some notable packages for the print servers and "
"utilities."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15073
msgid "List of print servers and utilities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15105
msgid "printer (515)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15108
msgid "BSD lpr/lpd (<ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">Line printer daemon</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15119
msgid ", , (Enhanced)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15127
msgid "IPP (631)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15130
msgid "Internet Printing CUPS server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15140
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&systemvprintercommands;\">System V printer commands</ulink> "
"for CUPS: <literal>lp</literal>(1), <literal>lpstat</literal>(1), "
"<literal>lpoptions</literal>(1), <literal>cancel</literal>(1), "
"<literal>lpmove</literal>(8), <literal>lpinfo</literal>(8), "
"<literal>lpadmin</literal>(8), …"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15150
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bsdprintercommands;\">BSD printer commands</ulink> for CUPS: "
"<literal>lpr</literal>(1), <literal>lpq</literal>(1), "
"<literal>lprm</literal>(1), <literal>lpc</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15158
msgid "Not applicable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15161
msgid "printer drivers for CUPS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15168
msgid ""
"You can configure CUPS system by pointing your web browser to \"<ulink "
"url=\"&httplocalhostgdb;\">http://localhost:631/</ulink>\" ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15172
msgid "The remote access server and utility (SSH)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15173
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&secureshell;\">Secure SHell</ulink> (SSH) is the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">secure</emphasis> way to connect over the Internet.  A free "
"version of SSH called <ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> is available "
"as <literal>openssh-client</literal> and <literal>openssh-server</literal> "
"packages in Debian."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15175
msgid "List of remote access server and utilities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15194 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22194 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24795
msgid "tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15206
msgid "<literal>ssh</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15209
msgid "Secure shell client"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15216
msgid "<literal>sshd</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15219
msgid "Secure shell server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15226
msgid "<literal>ssh-askpass-fullscreen</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15229
msgid "asks user for a pass phrase for ssh-add (GNOME2)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15236
msgid "<literal>ssh-askpass</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15239
msgid "asks user for a pass phrase for ssh-add (plain X)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15246
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_extra_security_measures_for_the_internet\"/> if your "
"SSH is accessible from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15249
msgid ""
"Please use the <literal>screen</literal>(1) program to enable remote shell "
"process to survive the interrupted connection (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_screen_program\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15252
msgid "Basics of SSH"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15254
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run</literal>\" must not be present if "
"one wishes to run the OpenSSH server."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15256
msgid "SSH has two authentication protocols."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15258
msgid "List of SSH authentication protocols and methods"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15266
msgid "SSH protocol"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15269
msgid "SSH method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15279
msgid "SSH-1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15282
msgid "\"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15285
msgid "RSA identity key based user authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15293
msgid "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15296
msgid ""
"\"<literal>.rhosts</literal>\" based host authentication (insecure, "
"disabled)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15304
msgid "\"<literal>RhostsRSAAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15307
msgid ""
"\"<literal>.rhosts</literal>\" based host authentication combined with RSA "
"host key (disabled)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15315 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15359
msgid "\"<literal>ChallengeResponseAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15318
msgid "RSA challenge-response authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15326 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15370
msgid "\"<literal>PasswordAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15329 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15373
msgid "password based authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15334
msgid "SSH-2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15337
msgid "\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15340
msgid "public key based user authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15348
msgid "\"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15351
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~/.rhosts</literal>\" or \"<literal>/etc/hosts.equiv</literal>\" "
"based host authentication combined with public key client host "
"authentication (disabled)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15362
msgid "challenge-response authentication"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15380
msgid "Be careful about these differences if you are using a non-Debian system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15382
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ssh/README.Debian.gz</literal>\", "
"<literal>ssh</literal>(1), <literal>sshd</literal>(8), "
"<literal>ssh-agent</literal>(1), and <literal>ssh-keygen</literal>(1) for "
"details."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15383
msgid "Following are the key configuration files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15385
msgid "List of SSH configuration files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15395
msgid "description of configuration file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15402
msgid "<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15405
msgid "SSH client defaults, see <literal>ssh_config</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15410
msgid "<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15413
msgid "SSH server defaults, see <literal>sshd_config</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15418
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15421
msgid ""
"default public SSH keys that clients use to connect to this account on this "
"SSH server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15426
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/identity</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15429
msgid "secret SSH-1 RSA key of the user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15434
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15437
msgid "secret SSH-2 RSA key of the user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml