# TRANSLATION of Debian Reference (tutorial)
# Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# Translation by Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>, 2009.
# Partially based on old translation by 角田 慎一 tsuno#at#ngy.1st.ne.jp
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Debian Reference v2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-06-01 00:58+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-06-04 00:01+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:17
msgid "en"
msgstr "ja"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:19
msgid "Debian Reference"
msgstr "Debianリファレンス"

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20
msgid "<author> <firstname>Osamu</firstname> <surname>Aoki</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"
msgstr "<author> <firstname>修</firstname> <surname>青木</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:26
msgid "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)."
msgstr "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). (日本語による参考説明:本書はフリーです； Debianフリーソフトウェアガイドライン(DFSG)に適合するいかなるバージョンのGNU General Public Licenseの条件の下ででも再配布や改変をすることを許可します。)"

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><copyright><holder>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30
msgid "Osamu Aoki"
msgstr "Osamu Aoki(青木 修)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:33
msgid "This Debian Reference (v2) (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command examples for non-developers."
msgstr "本Debianリファレンス(第2版) (&build-date;) はシステムインストール後のユーザ案内書として、Debian システムの広範な概論を提供します。本書は非開発者を対象にシェルコマンド例を通してシステム管理の多くの局面を説明します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:37
msgid "Preface"
msgstr "序章"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:38
msgid "This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian Reference (version 2)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide."
msgstr "この<ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debianリファレンス(第2版)</ulink>(&build-date;)はシステムインストール後のユーザ向け案内書としてDebianのシステム管理に関する概論の提供を目指しています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:39
msgid "The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> system works."
msgstr "本書が対象とする読者は、<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>システムがどう機能するかを理解するのに、シェルスクリプトぐらいは学ぶ気はあるが、全てのCのソースまで読む気がない人です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:41
msgid "Disclaimer"
msgstr "免責事項"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:42
msgid "All warranties are disclaimed.  All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners."
msgstr "一切保証は致しません。全ての商標はそれぞれの商標の所有者の財産です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:43
msgid "The Debian system itself is a moving target.  This makes its documentation difficult to be current and correct.  Although the current unstable version of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may be already outdated by the time you read this."
msgstr "Debianシステム自体は動く標的です。このため最新状況を反映した正確な記述は困難です。現行の不安定版のDebianシステムを用いて本書は記していますが、皆様が読まれる時点ではすでに記載内容が古くなっているでしょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:44
msgid "Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in this document."
msgstr "本書はあくまで二次的参考文献として扱ってください。本書は正式の案内書を置き換えません。著者及び本書への貢献者は本書中の誤謬や欠落や曖昧さが引き起こす結果に一切責任を負いません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:47
msgid "What is Debian"
msgstr "Debianとはなにか"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:48
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian Project</ulink> is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system.  It's distribution is characterized by:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debianプロジェクト</ulink>はフリーなオペレーティングシステムを作ろうという共通目的を持った個人の集団です。そのディストリビューションは次の特徴があります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:52
msgid "Commitment to the software freedom: <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian Social Contract and Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)</ulink>."
msgstr "ソフトウェアの自由へのコミットメント: <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian社会契約とDebianフリーソフトウエアガイドライン(DFSG)</ulink>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:57
msgid "Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"
msgstr "インターネット上の分散型の無償ボランティア活動: <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:62
msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares."
msgstr "多数のプリコンパイルされた高品質のソフトウエア。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:67
msgid "Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates."
msgstr "セキュリティアップデートへの平易なアクセス提供による、安定性とセキュリティの重視。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:72
msgid "Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives."
msgstr "不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>やテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブによる、最新のソフトウエアへの円滑なアップグレードの重視。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:77
msgid "Large number of supported hardware architectures."
msgstr "多数のサポートされたハードウエアーアーキテクチャー。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:81
msgid "Free Software pieces in Debian come from <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> and many more independent free software projects.  Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system."
msgstr "Debianの中のフリーソフトウエア構成要素は、<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>や<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink>やその他の多くの独立のフリーソフトウエアのプロジェクトに由来します。Debianはこの多種多様なフリーソフトウエアを1つのシステムにまとめ上げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:84
msgid "About this document"
msgstr "本書について"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:86
msgid "Guiding rules"
msgstr "編集指針"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:87
msgid "Following guiding rules were followed while compiling this document:"
msgstr "本書の作成にあたり次の編集指針を守りました:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:91
msgid "don't explain in details what is well documented elsewhere (in the judgment of the author)"
msgstr "他に良い文書があれば(著者裁量で)詳述しない"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:96
msgid "Provide overview and skip corner cases (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big Picture</emphasis>)"
msgstr "概論を提供し枝葉末節は省略する(<emphasis role=\"strong\">全体像</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:101
msgid "Keep It Short and Simple. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"
msgstr "簡潔(<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:106
msgid "Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell examples</emphasis>)"
msgstr "非GUIツールとコンソールを重視する。(<emphasis role=\"strong\">シェル例示</emphasis>を使用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:111
msgid "Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to <emphasis role=\"strong\">the existing references</emphasis>)"
msgstr "車輪の再発明をしない。(<emphasis role=\"strong\">既存の参考文献</emphasis>へのポインターの利用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:116
msgid "Be objective. (Use <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> etc.)"
msgstr "客観的であるようにする。(<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink>等の利用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:120
msgid "I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system."
msgstr "私はシステムの階層的側面やその低層を明らかにしようとしました。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:123
msgid "Prerequisites"
msgstr "前提条件"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:124
msgid "You are required to seek help from (in approximate order of importance, starting with the most important sources):"
msgstr "読者はサポート情報を次より自ら取得するべきです(重要性の高いものからの順に列挙):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:128
msgid "the Debian site at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> for the general information,"
msgstr "一般的情報は<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>にあるDebianサイト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:133
msgid "the documentation under the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\" directory,"
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\"ディレクトリ下にある文書。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:138
msgid "the Unix style <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\","
msgstr "Unixスタイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">manページ</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\"。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:143
msgid "the GNU style <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\","
msgstr "GNUスタイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">infoページ</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\"。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:148
msgid "the bug report: <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>,"
msgstr "バグレポート: <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:153
msgid "the Debian Wiki at <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink> for the moving and specific topics,"
msgstr "変化中の事や特定案件に関しては、<ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink>にあるDebianのWiki。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:158
msgid "the HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at <ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> ,"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> にあるLinux文書プロジェクト(TLDP)のHOWTO文書。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:163
msgid "the Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group's The UNIX System Home Page at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink> , and"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>にあるOpen GroupのThe UNIX System Home PageにあるSingle UNIX Specification、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:168
msgid "the free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at <ulink url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>にあるWikipediaのフリーの百科事典。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:173
msgid "For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" as its suffix."
msgstr "詳細な文書を読むには、\"<literal>-doc</literal>\"をサフィックスとする対応する文書パッケージをインストールする必要があるかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:177
msgid "Conventions"
msgstr "文書様式"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:178
msgid "This document provides information through the following simplified presentation style with <literal>bash</literal>(1) shell command examples and bullets:"
msgstr "次のような、<literal>bash</literal>(1)シェルコマンド例示と点の後ろの箇条書き形式で本書は書かれています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:179
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# &lt;command in root account&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;command in user account&gt;"
msgstr ""
"# &lt;rootアカウントからのコマンド&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;ユーザアカウントからのコマンド&gt;\n"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:184
msgid "&lt;description of action&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;なすべき事の叙述&gt;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:188
msgid "These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set environment variables as: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\" and \"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\".  These values are chosen for the sake of readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system."
msgstr "これらのシェルプロンプトは使われるアカウントを区別します。これはちょうど環境変数として: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\"と\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\"を設定した場合に相当します。これらの環境変数値はあくまで本書の読みやすさのためで、実際のインストール済みシステではほとんど見かけません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:190
msgid "See the meaning of the \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" and \"<literal>$PS2</literal>\" environment variables in <literal>bash</literal>(1)."
msgstr "\"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\"と\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\"という環境変数値の意味は<literal>bash</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:192
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command snippet</emphasis> quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr "本文中に引用される<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンドの断片</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントで書き\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"のように表現されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:193
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">text data</emphasis> from a configuration file quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"."
msgstr "本文中に設定ファイルから引用された<emphasis role=\"strong\">文字データ</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントで書き\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"のように表現されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:194
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>bash</literal>(1).  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンド</emphasis>はその名前をタイプライタフォントで書き、場合によってはその後ろにmanページのセクション番号を括弧中に入れて書き<literal>bash</literal>(1)のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:195
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 1 bash"
msgstr "$ man 1 bash"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:196
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>sources.list</literal>(5).  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">manページ</emphasis>はその名前をタイプライタフォントで書き、その後ろにmanページのセクション番号を括弧中に入れて書き<literal>sources.list</literal>(5)のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:197
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 5 sources.list"
msgstr "$ man 5 sources.list"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:198
msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis> is referred by its command snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>info make</literal>\".  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">infoページ</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントというコマンドの断片形式で書き\"<literal>info make</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ info make"
msgstr "$ info make"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:200
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">filename</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\".  For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル名</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:201
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""
msgstr "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:202
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\".  You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリ名</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:203
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""
msgstr "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:204
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">package name</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font, such as <literal>vim</literal>.  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">パッケージ名</emphasis>はその名をタイプライタフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:205
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"
msgstr ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:208
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"; or by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>.  You are encouraged to read the documentation by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文書</emphasis>は、その場所のファイル名でダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントで書き\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\"や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"のように表現されたり、その場所の<ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>で<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:209
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""
msgstr ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:212
msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">environment variable</emphasis> is referred by its name with leading \"<literal>$</literal>\" in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\".  You are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">環境変数</emphasis>は、頭に\"<literal>$</literal>\"がついた名前をダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライタフォントで書き、\"<literal>$TERM</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は次の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo \"$TERM\""
msgstr "$ echo \"$TERM\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:216
msgid "The popcon"
msgstr "Popcon"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:217
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> data is presented as the objective measure for the popularity of each package.  It was downloaded on &pop-date; and contains the total submission of &pop-submissions; reports over &pop-packages; binary packages and &pop-architectures; architectures."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">Popcon</ulink>のデータは各パッケージの客観的人気の指標として提示されいます。それがダウンロードされた日付は&pop-date;で、 &pop-packages;を越すバイナリパッケージ数と&pop-architectures;のアーキテクチャーにまたがる&pop-submissions;つの提出レポートからなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:219
msgid "Please note that the <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> archive contains only &all-packages; packages currently.  The popcon data contains reports from many old system installations."
msgstr "<literal>&arch;</literal>の不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブは現在高々&all-packages;つのパッケージしか含みません。Popconデータは多くの古い設置システムからのレポートを含みます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:221
msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"V:\" for \"votes\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr "\"votes\"を意味する\"V:\"が前についたPopconの数は\"100 * (PCで最近実行されたパッケージに関するpopcon提出)/(全popcon提出)\"として計算される。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:222
msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"I:\" for \"installs\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr "\"installs\"を意味する\"I:\"が前についたPopconの数は\"100 * (PCにインストールされているパッケージに関するpopcon提出)/(全popcon提出)\"として計算される。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:224
msgid "The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the importance of packages.  There are many factors which can skew statistics.  For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories such as \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled \"vote\" from such system."
msgstr "Popconの数字はパッケージの重要性の絶対指標と考えるべきでない。統計を曲げる多くの因子があります。例えば、Popconに参加しているシステムの一部は\"<literal>/bin</literal>\"などのディレクトリをシステム性能向上のために\"<literal>noatime</literal>\"オプションでマウントすることで当該システムから\"vote\"することを実質的に禁止しているかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:228
msgid "The package size"
msgstr "パッケージサイズ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:229
msgid "The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each package.  It is based on the \"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\" reported by \"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\" or \"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\" command (currently on <literal>&arch;</literal> architecture for the <literal>unstable</literal> release).  The reported size is in KiB (<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = unit for 1024 bytes)."
msgstr "各パッケージの客観的指標としてパッケージサイズデータも提供されます。それは\"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\"や\"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\"コマンドが(現在の<literal>&arch;</literal>アーキテクチャー上の<literal>unstable</literal>リリース上で)表示する\"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\"です。サイズはKiB(<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = 1024バイト単位)で表示されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:231
msgid "A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is a dummy package which installs other packages with significant contents by the dependency.  The dummy package enables a smooth transition or split of the package."
msgstr "小さなパッケージサイズのパッケージは<literal>unstable</literal>リリース中の当該パッケージが内容のある他パッケージを依存関係でインストールするためのダミーパッケージだからかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:235
msgid "Bug reports"
msgstr "バグ報告"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:236
msgid "Please file bug reports on the <literal>debian-reference</literal> package using <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) if you find any issues. Please include correction suggestion by \"<literal>diff -u</literal>\" to the plain text version or to the source."
msgstr "何か問題を発見した場合には、<literal>debian-reference</literal>パッケージに対して<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)を用いてバグ報告をしてください。プレーンテキストバージョンかソースに対する\"<literal>diff -u</literal>\"による修正提案を含めてください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:240
msgid "Some quotes for new users"
msgstr "新規ユーザへの引用文"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:241
msgid "Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help enlighten new users:"
msgstr "新規ユーザを啓蒙するDebianのメーリングリストで見つけた興味深い引用文を記します:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:245
msgid "\"This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "\"This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" 「これはUnixです。首を括るのに十分なロープをあてがってくれますよ。」 --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:250
msgid "\"Unix IS user friendly… It's just selective about who its friends are.\" --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "\"Unix IS user friendly...  It's just selective about who its friends are.\" 「Unixはユーザフレンドリーです... 誰にフレンドリーにするかに人見知りするだけです。」 --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:257
msgid "GNU/Linux tutorials"
msgstr "GNU/Linuxチュートリアル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:258
msgid "I think learning a computer system is like learning a new foreign language.  Although tutorial books and documentation are helpful, you have to practice it yourself.  In order to help you get started smoothly, I will elaborate a few basic points."
msgstr "コンピュータシステムを学ぶことは新しい外国語を学ぶことに似ていると考えます。チュートリアルブックは有用ですが、実際に自ら使って学ぶことが必要です。円滑なスタートが出きるように、いくつかの基本的なポイントを説明します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:259
msgid "The powerful design of <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> comes from the <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> operating system, i.e., a <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">multiuser</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">multitasking</ulink> operating system.  You must learn to take advantage of the power of these features and similarities between Unix and GNU/Linux."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> の強力なデザインは <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">マルチユーザ</ulink>、 <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">マルチタスク</ulink> という <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> オペレーティングシステムに由来します。これら Unix と GNU/Linux の特徴や類似点の強力さを活用することを覚えましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:260
msgid "Don't shy away from Unix oriented texts and don't rely solely on GNU/Linux texts, as this will rob you of much useful information."
msgstr "Unix対象の文書を避けたり、GNU/Linuxに関する文書だけに頼ることは、有用な情報を見逃すことになるので止めましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:261
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition</ulink>\", in the Debian non-free archive as the <literal>rutebook</literal> package (popcon: &pop-rutebook;), provides a good online resource to the generic system administration."
msgstr "一般的なシステム管理に関する良好なオンラインリソースは、Debianのnon-freeアーカイブに<literal>rutebook</literal>パッケージ (popcon: &pop-rutebook;)としてある\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Ruteユーザのためのチュートリアルと解説書(Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition)</ulink>\" が提供しています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:263
msgid "If you have been using any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system for a while with command line tools, you probably know everything I explain here.  Please use this as a reality check and refresher."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix 的</ulink>システムをコマンドラインツールで少々使った経験があれば、私がここで説明することはすべてご存知でしょう。リアリティーチェックと記憶を呼び戻すのにこれを使ってください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:266
msgid "Console basics"
msgstr "コンソールの基礎"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:268
msgid "The shell prompt"
msgstr "シェルプロンプト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:269
msgid "Upon starting the system, you are presented with the character based login screen if you did not install <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>. Suppose your hostname is <literal>foo</literal>, the login prompt looks like:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Windowシステム</ulink>を<literal>gdm</literal>等のディスプレイマネージャとともにインストールした場合以外には、システム起動の際に文字のloginスクリーンが現れます。あなたのホスト名が<literal>foo</literal>と仮定すると、loginプロンプトは次です:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:270
#, no-wrap
msgid "foo login:"
msgstr "foo login:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:271
msgid "If you did install a <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> environment such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, then you can get to a login prompt by Ctrl-Alt-F1, and you can return to the GUI environment via Alt-F7 (see <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> below for more)."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>のような<ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink>環境をインストールした場合には、Ctrl-Alt-F1とすることでloginプロンプトが出て、Alt-F7とすることでGUI環境に戻れます(詳細は下記の<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:272
msgid "At the login prompt, you type your username, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, and press the Enter-key, then type your password and press the Enter-key again."
msgstr "loginプロンプトであなたのユーザ名(例えば<literal>penguin</literal>)を打鍵しEnterキーを押します。さらにあなたのパスワードを打鍵しEnterキーを再び押します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:274
msgid "Following the Unix tradition, the username and password of the Debian system are case sensitive.  The username is usually chosen only from the lowercase.  The first user account is usually created during the installation.  Additional user accounts can be created with <literal>adduser</literal>(8) by root."
msgstr "Unixの伝統に従い、Debianシステムではユーザ名とパスワードに関して大文字小文字の区別をします。ユーザ名は通常小文字のみから選ばれます。最初のユーザアカウントは通常インストールの際に作られます。追加のユーザアカウントはrootによって<literal>adduser</literal>(8)を用いて作られます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:276
msgid "The system starts with the greeting message stored in \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" (Message Of The Day) and with the command prompt as:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" (本日のメッセージ:Message Of The Day)に保存されている歓迎メッセージとコマンドプロンプトで次のように表示しシステムが起動されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:277
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
"Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"
msgstr ""
"Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
"Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:290
msgid "Here, the main part of the greeting message can be customized by editing the \"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\" file. The first line is generated from the system information using \"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"."
msgstr "ここで、歓迎メッセージの主要部分は\"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\"ファイルを編集することでカスタマイズできます。最初の行は\"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"用いたシステム情報から生成されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:291
msgid "Now you are in the <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink>. The shell interprets your commands."
msgstr "これであなたは<ulink url=\"&shell;\">シェル</ulink>の中にいます。シェルはあなたからのコマンドを解釈します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:294
msgid "The shell prompt under X"
msgstr "Xの下でのシェルプロンプト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:295
msgid "If you installed <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with a display manager such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s <literal>gdm</literal> by selecting \"Desktop environment\" task during the installation, you will be presented with the graphical login screen upon starting your system.  You type your username and your password to login to the non-privileged user account.  Use tab to navigate between username and password, or use the mouse and primary click."
msgstr "インストールの際に\"Desktop environment\"タスクを選定し<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>の<literal>gdm</literal>とともに<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Windowシステム</ulink>をインストールした場合には、システムの起動するとグラフィカルなloginプロンプトのスクリーンが表示されます。あなたのユーザ名とパスワードを入力することで非特権ユーザアカウントにloginできます。タブ(tab)を用いたりマウスの第一クリックを用いるとユーザ名とパスワードの間を行き来できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:296
msgid "You can gain the shell prompt under X by starting a <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> program such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) or <literal>xterm</literal>(1).  Under the GNOME Desktop environment, clicking \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\" does the trick."
msgstr "<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)や<literal>rxvt</literal>(1)や<literal>xterm</literal>(1)のような<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>プログラムをXの下で起動するとシェルプロンプトが得られます。GNOMEデスクトップ環境下では、\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\"とクリックしてもうまくいきます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:297
msgid "You can also see the section below <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>."
msgstr "次の<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>も参照ください."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:298
msgid "Under some other Desktop systems (like <literal>fluxbox</literal>), there may be no obvious starting point for the menu.  If this happens, just try (right) clicking the center of the screen and hope for a menu to pop-up."
msgstr "デスクトップ環境(例えば<literal>fluxbox</literal>)次第ではメニューの起点がよく分からないことがあります。そんな時はスクリーンの中央を(右)クリックしてメニューが表示されることを期待しましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:301
msgid "The root account"
msgstr "rootアカウント"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:302
msgid "The root account is also called <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superuser</ulink> or privileged user.  From this account, you can perform the following system administration activities:"
msgstr "rootアカウントは<ulink url=\"&superuser;\">スーパーユーザ</ulink>とか特権ユーザとも呼ばれます。このアカウントからは次のようなシステム管理活動ができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:306
msgid "read, write, and remove any files on the system irrespective of their file permissions"
msgstr "ファイルのパーミッションによらずシステム上のいかなるファイルに関して、読み・書き・削除をする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:311
msgid "set file ownership and permissions of any files on the system"
msgstr "システム上のいかなるファイルに関して、ファイルの所有者やパーミッションを設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:316
msgid "set the password of any non-privileged users on the system"
msgstr "システム上の非特権ユーザのパスワードを設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:321
msgid "login to any accounts without their passwords"
msgstr "パスワード無しにいかなるアカウントにもloginする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:325
msgid "This unlimited power of root account requires you to be considerate and responsible when using it."
msgstr "rootアカウントの権限を使うには、この無制限の権限ゆえ配慮と責任ある行動が求められます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:327
msgid "Never share the root password with others."
msgstr "rootのパスワードを他人に決して教えてはいけない。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:330
msgid "File permissions of a file (including hardware devices such as CD-ROM etc. which are just another file for the Debian system) may render it unusable or inaccessible by non-root users.  Although the use of root account is a quick way to test this kind of situation, its resolution should be done through proper setting of file permissions and user's group membership (see <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)."
msgstr "ファイル(Debianシステムにとってはファイルの一種であるCD-ROM等のハードウエアデバイスも含む)のパーミッションは、非rootユーザによるそのファイルの使用やアクセスをできなくなくすることがあります。この様な状況の下ではrootアカウントを使うことが簡便なテスト法ですが、問題解決はファイルのパーミッションとユーザのグループのメンバーシップを適切に設定する必要があります(<xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:334
msgid "The root shell prompt"
msgstr "rootシェルプロンプト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:335
msgid "Here are a few basic methods to gain the root shell prompt by using the root password:"
msgstr "rootのパスワードを使ってrootのシェルプロンプトを使えるようにする基本的な方法を次に記します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:339
msgid "At the character based login prompt, you simply type <literal>root</literal>."
msgstr "文字ベースのloginプロンプトで、単に<literal>root</literal>と入力する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:344
msgid "Under the GNOME Desktop environment, click \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\"."
msgstr "GNOMEデスクトップ環境下で、\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\"とクリックする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:349
msgid "From any user shell prompt, type \"<literal>su -l</literal>\".  (This does not preserve the environment of the current user)"
msgstr "何らかのユーザのシェルプロンプトから、\"<literal>su -l</literal>\"と入力する。(現ユーザの環境を一切引き継がない。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:354
msgid "From any user shell prompt, type \"<literal>su</literal>\". (This preserves some of the environment of the current user)"
msgstr "何らかのユーザのシェルプロンプトから、\"<literal>su</literal>\"と入力する。(現ユーザの環境をある程度引き継ぐ。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:360
msgid "GUI system administration tools"
msgstr "GUIのシステム管理ツール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:361
msgid "When your desktop menu does not start GUI system administration tools automatically with the appropriate privilege, you can start them from the root shell prompt of the X terminal emulator, such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1), or <literal>xterm</literal>(1). See <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>."
msgstr "デスクトップのメニューがGUIのシステム管理ツールを適切な権限とともに自動的に起動しない場合、<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)や<literal>rxvt</literal>(1)や<literal>xterm</literal>(1)のようなXターミナルエミュレータのrootシェルプロンプトから起動できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:363
msgid "Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>(1)."
msgstr "<literal>gdm</literal>(1)等のディスプレイマネージャのプロンプトに<literal>root</literal>と入力して、Xディスプレイ/セッションマネージャをrootアカウントのもとで決して起動してはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:366
msgid "Never run untrusted remote GUI program under X window when critical information is displayed since it may eavesdrop your X screen."
msgstr "クリチカルな情報が表示されている際には、あなたのXスクリーンを覗き見られるかもしれないのでリモートの信頼できないGUIプログラムを決して実行してはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:370
msgid "Virtual consoles"
msgstr "仮想コンソール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:371
msgid "In the default Debian system, there are six switchable <ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100-like</ulink> character consoles available to start the command shell directly on the Linux host.  Unless you are in a GUI environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the <literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> and one of the <literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal> keys simultaneously.  Each character console allows independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment.  This multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive."
msgstr "デフォルトのDebianシステムでは、6つの切り替え可能な<ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100様</ulink>の文字コンソールがあり、Linuxホスト上で直接コマンドシェルを起動できるようになっています。GUI環境下でない場合は、<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal>と<literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal>の中の一つのキーを同時に押すことで仮想コンソール間の切り替えができます。仮想ターミナルそれぞれに独立したアカウントでログインすることができ、。マルチユーザ環境を提供します。このマルチユーザ環境はUnixの偉大な機能で、癖になります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:372
msgid "If you are under the X Window System, you gain access to the character console 1 by pressing <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal> key, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-key</literal>, and the <literal>F1-key</literal> are pressed together.  You can get back to the X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing <literal>Alt-F7</literal>."
msgstr "X Windowシステムの下では、<literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal>キーを押す、つまり<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>left-Alt-key</literal>と<literal>F1-key</literal>キーを同時に押すと文字コンソール1にアクセスできます。通常仮想コンソール7で実行されているX Windowシステムへは<literal>Alt-F7</literal>を押すことにより戻れます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:373
msgid "You can alternatively change to another virtual console, e.g. to the console 1, by the command:"
msgstr "これとは別の方法もあります。今と違う仮想ターミナルへ、例えば仮想ターミナル1への変更は次でできます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:374
#, no-wrap
msgid "# chvt 1"
msgstr "# chvt 1"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:377
msgid "How to leave the command prompt"
msgstr "コマンドプロンプトからの退出方法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:378
msgid "You type <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal> and the <literal>d-key</literal> pressed together, at the command prompt to close the shell activity.  If you are at the character console, you will return to the login prompt with this.  Even though these control characters are referred as \"control D\" with the upper case, you do not need to press the Shift-key. The short hand expression, <literal>^D</literal>, is also used for <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>.  Alternately, you can type \"exit\"."
msgstr "コマンドプロンプトで<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>、つまり<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>d-key</literal>の同時押しをするとシェルでのアクティビティーを終了できます。文字コンソールの場合は、こうするとloginプロンプト戻ります。これらのコントロール文字は通常\"control D\"と大文字を使って表記されますが、Shiftキーを押す必要はありません。また<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>に関する簡略表記<literal>^D</literal>も使われます。この代わりに\"exit\"とタイプすることができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:379
msgid "If you are at <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1), you can close <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> window with this."
msgstr "<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1)にあっては、このようにすることで<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> のウインドーが閉じることができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:382
msgid "How to shutdown the system"
msgstr "シャットダウンの方法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:383
msgid "Just like any other modern OS where the file operation involves <ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">caching data</ulink> in memory for improved performance, the Debian system needs the proper shutdown procedure before power can safely be turned off. This is to maintain the integrity of files, by forcing all changes in memory to be written to disk. If the software power control is available, the shutdown procedure automatically turns off power of the system. (Otherwise, you may have to press power button for few seconds after the shutdown procedure.)"
msgstr "ファイル操作の際にパーフォーマンス向上のためにメモリへの<ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">データのキャッシュ</ulink>がされる他の現代的なOSと同様に、Debianシステムでも電源を安全に切る前に適切なシャットダウン手順を取る必要があります。これはすべてのメモリ上の変更を強制的にディスクに書き出しすことで、ファイルの完全性を維持するためです。ソフトウエアによる電源コントロールができる場合、シャットダウン手続きはシステムの電源を自動的に落とします。(これがうまくいかない時には、シャットダウン手続きの後で数秒間電源ボタンを押す必要があるかもしれません。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:384
msgid "Under the normal multiuser mode, use following from the root command prompt to shutdown the system:"
msgstr "通常のマルチユーザモード下では、rootコマンドプロンプトから次によってシステムのシャットダウンをします:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:385
#, no-wrap
msgid "# shutdown -h now"
msgstr "# shutdown -h now"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:386
msgid "Under the single-user mode, use following from the root command prompt to shutdown the system:"
msgstr "シングルユーザモード下では、rootコマンドプロンプトから次によってシステムのシャットダウンをします:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:387
#, no-wrap
msgid "# poweroff -i -f"
msgstr "# poweroff -i -f"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:388
msgid "Alternatively, you may type <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal> (The <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>, and the <literal>Delete</literal> are pressed together) to shutdown if \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" contains \"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\" in it.  See <literal>inittab</literal>(5) for details."
msgstr "この他に、\"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\"に\"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\"と書かれていれば、<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal>(<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>と<literal>Delete</literal>の同時押し)を入力するシャットダウン方法もあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:391
msgid "Recovering a sane console"
msgstr "まともなコンソールの回復"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:392
msgid "When the screen goes berserk after doing some funny things such as \"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\", type \"<literal>reset</literal>\" at the command prompt. You may not be able to see the command echoed as you type.  You may also issue \"<literal>clear</literal>\" to clean up the screen."
msgstr "例えば\"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\"のような変な事をした後でスクリーンが無茶苦茶になった場合、コマンドプロンプトに\"<literal>reset</literal>\"と入力してください。このときコマンドを入力してもスクリーンには読み取れる表示がされないかもしれません。\"<literal>clear</literal>\"とすればスクリーンが消去できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:395
msgid "Additional package suggestions for the newbie"
msgstr "初心者向け追加パッケージの提案"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:396
msgid "Although even the minimal installation of the Debian system without any desktop environment tasks provides the basic Unix functionality, it is a good idea to install few additional commandline and curses based character terminal packages such as <literal>mc</literal> and <literal>vim</literal> with <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) for beginners to get started.  From the shell prompt as root:"
msgstr "デスクトップ環境タスク抜きの最小限インストレーションDebianシステムですら基本的なUnix機能は提供されますが、コマンドラインやcursesに基づく<literal>mc</literal>や<literal>vim</literal>等のいくつかの文字ターミナルパッケージを<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を使って追加インストールすることを初心者の最初の一歩としてお薦めします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:397
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# aptitude update\n"
"...\n"
"# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"# aptitude update\n"
"...\n"
"# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
"..."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:401
msgid "If you already had these packages installed, nothing will be installed."
msgstr "既にこれらのパッケージがインストールされている場合には何もインストールされません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:403
msgid "List of interesting text-mode program packages."
msgstr "興味あるテキストモードのプログラムパッケージのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:412
#: debian-reference.en.xml:520
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1884
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4293
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7965
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8345
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9389
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9463
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9983
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13059
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13208
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13424
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13989
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14160
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14241
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14381
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14512
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14657
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14771
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15261
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15480
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16120
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16503
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17099
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17446
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17771
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18161
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18419
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18795
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18863
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18930
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19074
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19403
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19586
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20317
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20428
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20687
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21082
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21259
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21620
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21893
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22152
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22515
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22938
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23354
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23506
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23557
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23775
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24272
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24661
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25751
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26013
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26489
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26679
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27054
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27164
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27264
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27439
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27505
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27662
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27942
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28103
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28191
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28321
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28937
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29000
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29905
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30386
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30524
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30695
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30817
msgid "package"
msgstr "パッケージ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:415
#: debian-reference.en.xml:523
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1887
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4296
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7968
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8348
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9392
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9466
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9986
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10319
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12658
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12956
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13062
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13211
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13427
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13992
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14163
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14244
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14384
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14515
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14660
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14774
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15264
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15483
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15838
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16123
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16506
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16652
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16789
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17102
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17449
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17774
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18164
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18422
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18798
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18866
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19077
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19406
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19589
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20320
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20431
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21085
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21262
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21896
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22155
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22518
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22941
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23357
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23509
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23560
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23778
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24275
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24664
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25754
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26016
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26492
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26682
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27057
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27167
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27267
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27442
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27508
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27665
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27945
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28106
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28194
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28324
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28940
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29003
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29908
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30389
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30527
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30698
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30820
msgid "popcon"
msgstr "popcon"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:418
#: debian-reference.en.xml:526
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1890
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4299
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7971
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8351
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9395
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9469
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9989
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10322
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12661
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12959
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13065
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13214
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13430
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13995
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14166
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14247
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14387
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14518
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14663
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14777
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15267
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15486
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15841
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16126
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16509
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16655
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16792
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17777
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18167
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18425
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18801
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18869
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18936
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19080
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19409
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19592
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20323
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20434
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20693
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21001
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21088
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21265
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21626
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21899
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22158
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22521
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22944
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23360
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23512
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23563
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23781
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24278
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24667
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25757
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26019
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26495
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26685
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27060
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27170
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27270
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27445
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27511
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27668
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27948
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28109
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28197
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28327
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28943
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29006
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29911
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30392
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30530
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30701
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30823
msgid "size"
msgstr "サイズ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:421
#: debian-reference.en.xml:529
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1896
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2321
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3372
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3520
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4302
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5292
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5459
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7974
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8357
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9044
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9472
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9992
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12485
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12664
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12962
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13068
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13220
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13837
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14390
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14524
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14868
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15058
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15750
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15844
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16042
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16512
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17108
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17455
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18170
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18428
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18872
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18939
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19083
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19595
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20326
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20437
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20696
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21091
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21268
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21629
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22524
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22947
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23363
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23515
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23566
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24090
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24281
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25760
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27514
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30123
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30395
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30533
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30704
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30829
msgid "description"
msgstr "説明"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:427
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mc\"> <literal>mc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mc\"> <literal>mc</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:430
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mc\">&pop-mc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mc\">&pop-mc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:431
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mc.html\">&size-mc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mc.html\">&size-mc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:433
msgid "A text-mode full-screen file manager"
msgstr "テキストモードの全画面ファイルマネージャ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:437
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sudo\"> <literal>sudo</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sudo\"> <literal>sudo</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:440
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sudo\">&pop-sudo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sudo\">&pop-sudo;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:441
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sudo.html\">&size-sudo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sudo.html\">&size-sudo;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:443
msgid "A program to allow limited root privileges to users"
msgstr "ユーザに限定的なroot権限を与えるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:447
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24313
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29234
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim\"> <literal>vim</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim\"> <literal>vim</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:450
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24316
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29237
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim\">&pop-vim;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim\">&pop-vim;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:451
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24317
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29238
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim.html\">&size-vim;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim.html\">&size-vim;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:453
msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (standard version)"
msgstr "UnixテキストエディタVi IMproved(改良版Vi)、プログラマーのためのテキストエディタ(標準版)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:457
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim-tiny\"> <literal>vim-tiny</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim-tiny\"> <literal>vim-tiny</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:460
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim-tiny\">&pop-vimtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim-tiny\">&pop-vimtiny;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:461
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim-tiny.html\">&size-vimtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim-tiny.html\">&size-vimtiny;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:463
msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (compact version)"
msgstr "UnixテキストエディタVi IMproved(改良版Vi)、プログラマーのためのテキストエディタ(軽量版)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:467
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs21\"> <literal>emacs21</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs21\"> <literal>emacs21</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:470
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs21\">&pop-emacscb;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs21\">&pop-emacscb;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:471
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs21.html\">&size-emacscb;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs21.html\">&size-emacscb;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:473
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 21)"
msgstr "GNUプロジェクトEmacs、Lispに基づく拡張可能なテキストエディタ(21版)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:477
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs22\"> <literal>emacs22</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs22\"> <literal>emacs22</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:480
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs22\">&pop-emacscc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs22\">&pop-emacscc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:481
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs22.html\">&size-emacscc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs22.html\">&size-emacscc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:483
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 22)"
msgstr "GNUプロジェクトEmacs、Lispに基づく拡張可能なテキストエディタ(22版)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:487
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13124
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26507
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/w3m\"> <literal>w3m</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/w3m\"> <literal>w3m</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:490
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13127
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26510
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/w3m\">&pop-wdm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/w3m\">&pop-wdm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:491
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13128
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26511
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/w3m.html\">&size-wdm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/w3m.html\">&size-wdm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:493
msgid "Text-mode WWW browsers"
msgstr "テキストモードWWWブラウザ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:497
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gpm\"> <literal>gpm</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gpm\"> <literal>gpm</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:500
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gpm\">&pop-gpm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gpm\">&pop-gpm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:501
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gpm.html\">&size-gpm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gpm.html\">&size-gpm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:503
msgid "The Unix style cut-and-paste on the text console (daemon)"
msgstr "テキストコンソール上のUnix式のカットアンドペースト(daemon)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:509
msgid "It may be a good idea to read some informative documentations."
msgstr "いくつかの参考資料を読むのも良いことです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:511
msgid "List of informative documentation packages."
msgstr "有用な文書パッケージのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:535
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-debian\"> <literal>doc-debian</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-debian\"> <literal>doc-debian</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:538
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-debian\">&pop-docdebian;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-debian\">&pop-docdebian;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:539
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-debian.html\">&size-docdebian;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-debian.html\">&size-docdebian;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:541
msgid "Debian Project documentation, (Debian FAQ) and other documents"
msgstr "Debianプロジェクトの文書、(Debian FAQ)他"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:545
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-policy\"> <literal>debian-policy</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-policy\"> <literal>debian-policy</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:548
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\">&pop-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\">&pop-debianpolicy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:549
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-policy.html\">&size-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-policy.html\">&size-debianpolicy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:551
msgid "Debian Policy Manual and related documents"
msgstr "Debianポリシーマニュアルと関連文書"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:555
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/developers-reference\"> <literal>developers-reference</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/developers-reference\"> <literal>developers-reference</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:558
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/developers-reference\">&pop-developersreference;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/developers-reference\">&pop-developersreference;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:559
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/developers-reference.html\">&size-developersreference;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/developers-reference.html\">&size-developersreference;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:561
msgid "Guidelines and information for Debian developers"
msgstr "Debian開発者のためのガイドラインと情報"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:565
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maint-guide\"> <literal>maint-guide</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maint-guide\"> <literal>maint-guide</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:568
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maint-guide\">&pop-maintguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maint-guide\">&pop-maintguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:569
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maint-guide.html\">&size-maintguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maint-guide.html\">&size-maintguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:571
msgid "Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
msgstr "Debian新メンテナ向けガイド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:575
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-history\"> <literal>debian-history</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-history\"> <literal>debian-history</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:578
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-history\">&pop-debianhistory;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-history\">&pop-debianhistory;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:579
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-history.html\">&size-debianhistory;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-history.html\">&size-debianhistory;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:581
msgid "History of the Debian Project"
msgstr "Debianプロジェクトの歴史"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:585
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-faq\"> <literal>debian-faq</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-faq\"> <literal>debian-faq</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:588
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq\">&pop-debianfaq;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq\">&pop-debianfaq;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:589
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-faq.html\">&size-debianfaq;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-faq.html\">&size-debianfaq;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:591
msgid "Debian FAQ"
msgstr "Debian FAQ(よくある質問集)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:595
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-text\"> <literal>doc-linux-text</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-text\"> <literal>doc-linux-text</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:598
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-text\">&pop-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-text\">&pop-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:599
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-text.html\">&size-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-text.html\">&size-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:601
msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (text)"
msgstr "Linux HOWTOとFAQ(テキスト版)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:605
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-html\"> <literal>doc-linux-html</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-html\"> <literal>doc-linux-html</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:608
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-html\">&pop-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-html\">&pop-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:609
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-html.html\">&size-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-html.html\">&size-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:611
msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (html)"
msgstr "Linux HOWTOとFAQ(HTML版)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:615
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sysadmin-guide\"> <literal>sysadmin-guide</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sysadmin-guide\"> <literal>sysadmin-guide</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:618
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sysadmin-guide\">&pop-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sysadmin-guide\">&pop-sysadminguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:619
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sysadmin-guide.html\">&size-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sysadmin-guide.html\">&size-sysadminguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:621
msgid "The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
msgstr "Linuxシステム管理者ガイド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:625
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rutebook\"> <literal>rutebook</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rutebook\"> <literal>rutebook</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:628
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rutebook\">&pop-rutebook;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rutebook\">&pop-rutebook;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:629
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rutebook.html\">&size-rutebook;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rutebook.html\">&size-rutebook;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:631
msgid "Linux: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition (non-free)"
msgstr "Linux: Ruteユーザのためのチュートリアルと解説書(non-free)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:637
msgid "You can install some of these packages by issuing the following command from the root shell prompt:"
msgstr "これらのパッケージはrootのシェルプロンプトから次のコマンドを発行すればインストールできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:638
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude install package_name"
msgstr "# aptitude install package_name"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:641
msgid "An extra user account"
msgstr "追加のユーザアカウント"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:642
msgid "If you do not want to use your main user account for the following training activities, you can create a training user account, e.g. <literal>fish</literal>.  Type at root shell prompt:"
msgstr "次の練習のためにあなたのメインのユーザアカウントを使いたくない場合には、例えば<literal>fish</literal>という追加のユーザアカウントを作成できます。rootシェルプロンプトで次のように入力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:643
#, no-wrap
msgid "# adduser fish"
msgstr "# adduser fish"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:647
msgid "answer all the questions"
msgstr "すべての質問に返事をする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:651
msgid "This will create a new account named as <literal>fish</literal>.  After your practice, you can remove this user account and its home directory by:"
msgstr "こうすることで<literal>fish</literal>という名前の新しいアカウントが作られます。練習の後で、このユーザとそのホームディレクトリは次のようのすれば削除できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:652
#, no-wrap
msgid "# deluser --remove-home fish"
msgstr "# deluser --remove-home fish"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:655
msgid "sudo configuration"
msgstr "sudoの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:656
msgid "For the typical single user workstation such as the desktop Debian system on the laptop PC, it is common to deploy simple configuration of <literal>sudo</literal>(8) as follows to let the non-privileged user, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege just with his user password (not with the root password)."
msgstr "ラップトップPC上のデスクトップのDebianシステム等のような典型的単一ユーザワークステーションでは次のような単純な<literal>sudo</literal>(8)の設定をして、非特権ユーザ(例えば<literal>penguin</literal>)に管理者権限を(rootパスワードではなく)ユーザ自身のパスワードで与えることがよくあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:657
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
msgstr "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:658
msgid "This trick should only be used for the single user workstation which you administer and where you are the only user."
msgstr "このトリックの使用は、単一ユーザワークステーション上であなた自身が管理者でユーザである際のみに限るべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:660
msgid "Do not set up accounts of regular users on multiuser workstation like this because it would be very bad for system security."
msgstr "システムセキュリティ上非常に悪い事態を招くので、マルチユーザワークステーション上の通常ユーザアカウントに対してこの様な設定をしてはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:663
msgid "The password and the account of the <literal>penguin</literal> in the above example requires as much protection as the root password and the root account."
msgstr "上記例のような<literal>penguin</literal>のパスワードとアカウントはrootパスワードやrootアカウント同様の保護が必要です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:666
msgid "Administrative privilege in this context belongs to someone authorized to perform the system administration task on the workstation.  Never give some manager in the Admin department of your company or your boss such privilege unless they are authorized and capable."
msgstr "この文脈上の管理者権限はワークステーションに関するシステム管理業務をする権限を与えられた人に属します。そのような権限と能力を持っていなければ、あなたの会社の管理部門の管理職や上司とはいえこのような権限を与えてはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:669
msgid "For providing access privilege to limited devices and limited files, you should consider to use <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> to provide limited access instead of using the <literal>root</literal> privilege via <literal>sudo</literal>(8)."
msgstr "特定デバイスや特定ファイルへのアクセスの権限を与えるには、<literal>sudo</literal>(8)をつかって得た<literal>root</literal>権限を用いるのではなく、<emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>を使って限定的アクセス与えることを考えるべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:672
msgid "With more thoughtful and careful configuration, <literal>sudo</literal>(8) can grant limited administrative privileges to other users on a shared system without sharing the root password.  This can help with accountability with hosts with multiple administrators so you can tell who did what.  On the other hand, you might not want anyone else to have such privileges."
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>(8)を使ってもう少し工夫された注意深い設定をすれば、共有システム上の他のユーザにrootパスワードを教えること無く限定的管理権限を許可することができます。こうすることは、誰が何をしたかを明らかにするので、複数の管理者がいるホストにおける責任の所在を明らかにします。ただ、誰にもそんな権限を与えたく無いかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:676
msgid "Play time"
msgstr "お遊びの時間"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:677
msgid "Now you are ready to play with the Debian system without risks as long as you use the non-privileged user account."
msgstr "非特権ユーザアカウントを使う限り全くリスク無くDebianシステムでお遊びをする準備万端です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:678
msgid "This is because the Debian system is, even after the default installation, configured with proper file permissions which prevent non-privileged users from damaging the system.  Of course, there may still be some holes which can be exploited but those who worry about these issues should not be reading this section but should be reading <ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
msgstr "何故なら、たとえデフォルトのインストール後ですらDebianシステムは非特権ユーザがシステムに損害を与えられないように的確なファイルパーミッションが設定されているからです。もちろん悪用可能な穴が残っているかもしれませんが、こんな問題まで心配する人はこのセクションを読んでいるべきではなく、<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>を読むべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:679
msgid "We will learn the Debian system as a <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system with:"
msgstr "Debianシステムを<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>システムとして以下で学びましょう:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:682
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (basic concept),"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/>(基本コンセプト)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:686
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (survival method),"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/>(サバイバル手法)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:690
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (basic method),"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/>(基本手法)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:694
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell mechanism), and"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/>(シェルのメカニズム)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:698
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (text processing method)."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/>(文字処理手法)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:705
msgid "Unix-like filesystem"
msgstr "Unix-likeファイルシステム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:706
msgid "In GNU/Linux and other <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> operating systems, <ulink url=\"&files;\">files</ulink> are organized into <ulink url=\"&directories;\">directories</ulink>.  All files and directories are arranged in one big tree rooted at \"<literal>/</literal>\". It's called a tree because if you draw the file system, it looks like a tree (upside down)."
msgstr "GNU/Linuxや他の<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>オペレーティングシステムでは、<ulink url=\"&files;\">ファイル</ulink>は<ulink url=\"&directories;\">ディレクトリ</ulink>に整理されています。すべてのファイルやディレクトリは、\"<literal>/</literal>\"を根(root)に持つ一本の大きな木(ツリー)のようにアレンジされています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:707
msgid "These files and directories can be spread out over several devices. <literal>mount</literal>(8) serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree.  Conversely, <literal>umount</literal>(8) will detach it again.  On recent Linux kernels, <literal>mount</literal>(8) with some options can bind part of a file tree somewhere else or can mount filesystem as shared, private, slave, or unbindable.  Supported mount options for each filesystem are available in \"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"."
msgstr "この様なファイルやディレクトリはいくつかのデバイスに展開することができます。あるデバイス上にあるファイルシステムを大きなファイルツリーにマウントするのに<literal>mount</literal>(8)が使われます。その逆に、それを切り離すのに<literal>umount</literal>(8)が使われます。最近のLinuxカーネルでは、<literal>mount</literal>(8)をオプションとともに用いると、ファイルツリーの一部を別のところと結びつけたり、共有・非共有・従属・バインド不可としてファイルシステムをマウントもできます。各ファイルシステムごとの使用可能なマウントオプションは\"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"にあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:708
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Directories</emphasis> on Unix systems are called <emphasis role=\"strong\">folders</emphasis> on some other systems.  Please also note that there is no concept for <emphasis role=\"strong\">drive</emphasis> such as \"<literal>A:</literal>\" on any Unix system.  There is one file system, and everything is included. This is a huge advantage compared to Windows."
msgstr "Unixシステム上の<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリ</emphasis>は、一部の他システム上では<emphasis role=\"strong\">フォルダ</emphasis>と呼ばれます。Unixシステム上では\"<literal>A:</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">ドライブ</emphasis>というコンセプトが無いこと覚えておいてください。単一のファイルシステムがあって、そこにすべてが含まれています。これはWindowsと比べた際の大きな利点です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:710
msgid "Unix file basics"
msgstr "Unixファイルの基礎"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:711
msgid "Here are Unix file basics:"
msgstr "Unixファイルの基礎は以下です:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:715
msgid "Filenames are <emphasis role=\"strong\">case sensitive</emphasis>.  That is, \"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" and \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" are different files."
msgstr "ファイル名は<emphasis role=\"strong\">大文字と小文字を区別</emphasis>します。\"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\"と\"<literal>MyFile</literal>\"は異なるファイルです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:720
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">root directory</emphasis> means root of the filesystem referred as simply \"<literal>/</literal>\".  Don't confuse this with the home directory for the root user: \"<literal>/root</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">rootディレクトリ</emphasis>はフィルシステムの根(root)を意味して、単に\"<literal>/</literal>\"と記載されます。これをrootユーザのhomeディレクトリ\"<literal>/root</literal>\"とは混同しないでください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:725
msgid "Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols <emphasis role=\"strong\">except \"<literal>/</literal>\"</emphasis>.  The root directory is an exception; its name is \"<literal>/</literal>\" (pronounced \"slash\" or \"the root directory\") and it cannot be renamed."
msgstr "全てのディレクトリには<emphasis role=\"strong\">\"<literal>/</literal>\"以外</emphasis>の文字・記号からなる名前がついています。rootディレクトリは例外で、その名前は\"<literal>/</literal>\"(\"スラッシュ\"とか\"rootディレクトリ\"と読まれます)でその名前を変えることはできません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:730
msgid "Each file or directory is designated by a <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">absolute filename</emphasis>, or <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>, giving the sequence of directories which must be passed through to reach it.  The three terms are synonymous."
msgstr "各ファイルやディレクトリは、たどっていくとファイルに到達するディレクトリの列が示される、<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全に記述したファイル名</emphasis>とか<emphasis role=\"strong\">絶対ファイル名</emphasis>とか<emphasis role=\"strong\">パス</emphasis>により指定されます。これらの3つの表現は同義語です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:735
msgid "All <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filenames</emphasis> begin with the \"<literal>/</literal>\" directory, and there's a \"<literal>/</literal>\" between each directory or file in the filename.  The first \"<literal>/</literal>\" is the top level directory, and the other \"<literal>/</literal>\"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file.  The words used here can be confusing.  Take the following <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as an example: \"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>\".  However, people will also refer to its basename \"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\" alone as a filename."
msgstr "全ての<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全に記述したファイル名</emphasis>は\"<literal>/</literal>\"ディレクトリで始まり、ファイル名中の各ディレクトリやファイル名の間には\"<literal>/</literal>\"がはさまります。最初の\"<literal>/</literal>\"は ディレクトリ名です。その他の\"<literal>/</literal>\"は、次のサブディレクトリとの区別をします。そして最後には実際のファイルの名前がきます。ちょっと混乱しそうですので、次の<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全に記述したファイル名</emphasis> の例をご覧ください: \"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>\"。  一方このベース名である、\"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\"だけをファイル名と呼ぶ人もあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:740
msgid "The root directory has a number of branches, such as \"<literal>/etc/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/</literal>\".  These subdirectories in turn branch into still more subdirectories, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\".  The whole thing viewed collectively is called the <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory tree</emphasis>.  You can think of an absolute filename as a route from the base of the tree (\"<literal>/</literal>\") to the end of some branch (a file).  You will also hear people talk about the directory tree as if it were a <emphasis role=\"strong\">family</emphasis> tree: thus subdirectories have <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis>, and a path shows the complete ancestry of a file.  There are also relative paths that begin somewhere other than the root directory.  You should remember that the directory \"<literal>../</literal>\" refers to the parent directory.  This terminology also applies to other directory like structures, such as hierarchical data structures."
msgstr "root ファイルシステムは\"<literal>/etc/</literal>\"や\"<literal>/usr/</literal>\"のような複数の枝を持ちます。これらのサブディレクトリもまた\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"や\"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\"のように、さらにサブディレクトリに枝別れします。これらの全体をまとめて<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリツリー</emphasis>と呼びます。絶対ファイル名はツリーの根元(\"<literal>/</literal>\")から枝の先 (ファイル) までの経路として考えることもできます。また、あたかもディレクトリツリーを<emphasis role=\"strong\">家系</emphasis>図のように人が話すのを聞いたことがあるでしょう。あたかもそれぞれのサブディレクトリに<emphasis role=\"strong\">親</emphasis>があるとし、パスはファイルの完全な祖先の系図のように表現します。root ディレクトリではない他の場所から始まる相対パスもあります。ディレクトリ\"<literal>../</literal>\"は親ディレクトリを参照していることを覚えておきましょう。このような呼び方はディレクトリのような構造を持つ他の階層的ツリー状のデータ構造体でもよく使われます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:745
msgid "There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a physical device, such as your hard disk.  This differs from <ulink url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&microsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, where the path contains a device name such as \"<literal>C:\\</literal>\".  (However, directory entries do exist that refer to physical devices as a part of the normal filesystem.  See <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>.)"
msgstr "ハードディスクのような物理デバイスに対応したパス名の要素は存在しません。ここが、パス名に\"<literal>C:\\</literal>\"のようなデバイス名が含まれる<ulink url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&microsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>と違う点です。(但し、通常のファイルシステム中に物理デバイスを示すディレクトリ項目はあります。<xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>参照。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:750
msgid "While you <emphasis role=\"strong\">can</emphasis> use almost any letters or symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so.  It is better to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: <literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / &gt; &lt; | ; ! # &amp; ^ * % @ $</literal> .  If you want to separate words in a name, good choices are the period, hyphen, and underscore.  You could also capitalize each word, \"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". Experienced Linux users tend to avoid spaces in filenames."
msgstr "ほとんど全ての文字や記号をファイル名中に<emphasis role=\"strong\">使えます</emphasis>が、実際そうすることは賢明ではありません。スペースやタブや改行や他の特殊文字:<literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / &gt; &lt; | ; ! # &amp; ^ * % @ $</literal>はコマンドラインで特別な意味を持つので避けるべきです。名前の中の単語間には、ピリオドやハイフンや下線を選んで区別しましょう。各語頭を\"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\"のように語頭を大文字にすることもできます。経験を積んだLinuxのユーザはファイル名中にスペースが入ることを避けます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:753
msgid "The word \"root\" can mean either \"root user\" or \"root directory\".  The context of their usage should make it clear."
msgstr "\"root\"と言う言葉は\"rootユーザ\"と言う意味でも\"rootディレクトリ\"意味でも使われます。それがいずれかは使われている文脈から明かです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:756
msgid "The word <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis> is used not only for <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as above but also for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">command search path</emphasis>.  The intended meaning is usually clear from the context."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">パス</emphasis>と言う言葉は上述の<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全に記述したファイル名</emphasis>に関して使われるばかりではなく<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンドサーチパス</emphasis>にも使われます。どちらの意味かは文脈から明かです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:758
msgid "The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" and <literal>hier</literal>(7)).  You should remember the following facts as the starter:"
msgstr "ファイル階層について詳細に学ぶ最も良い方法は、Filesystem Hierarchy Standard(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\"や<literal>hier</literal>(7))に記述されています。手始めとして次の事実を覚えるべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:760
msgid "List of usage of key directories."
msgstr "重要ディレクトリの使い方のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:767
#: debian-reference.en.xml:943
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8616
msgid "directory"
msgstr "ディレクトリ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:770
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1108
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26153
msgid "usage"
msgstr "使い方"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:777
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3148
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5648
msgid "<literal>/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:780
msgid "A simple \"<literal>/</literal>\" represents the root directory."
msgstr "\"<literal>/</literal>\"だけだとrootディレクトリを表します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:785
msgid "<literal>/etc/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:788
msgid "This is the place for the system wide configuration files."
msgstr "ここはシステム全体の設定ファイルを置く場所です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:793
msgid "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:796
msgid "This is the place for the system log files."
msgstr "ここはシステムのログファイルを置く場所です。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:801
msgid "<literal>/home/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/home/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:804
msgid "This is the directory which contains all the home directories for all non-privileged users."
msgstr "ここは全ての非特権ユーザのホームディレクトリがあるディレクトリです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:812
msgid "Filesystem internals"
msgstr "ファイルシステムの内側"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:813
msgid "Following the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix tradition</emphasis>, the Debian GNU/Linux system provides the <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</ulink> under which physical data on harddisks and other storage devices reside, and the interaction with the hardware devices such as console screens and remote serial consoles are represented in an unified manner under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix の伝統</emphasis>に従い、Debian/Linux システムはハードディスクや他のストレージデバイス上に存在する物理データを表す<ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">ファイルシステム</ulink>を提供し、コンソールスクリーンやリモートのシリアルコンソールなどのハードウェアデバイスとの相互作用が\"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"の下に統一された形式で表されています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:814
msgid "Each file, directory, named pipe (a way two programs can share data), or physical device on a Debian GNU/Linux system has a data structure called an <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> which describes its associated attributes such as the user who owns it (owner), the group that it belongs to, the time last accessed, etc.  If you are really interested, see \"<literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal>\" for the exact definition of \"<literal>struct inode</literal>\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system. The idea of representing just about everything in the file system was a Unix innovation, and modern Linux kernels have developed this idea ever further. Now, even information about processes running in the computer can be found in the file system."
msgstr "Debian/Linuxシステム上の、各々のファイルやディレクトリや名前付きパイプ(2つのプログラムがデータを共有する方法)や物理デバイスは、それぞれの所有者(owner)やデータが所属するグループ(group)や最終アクセス時間などの付帯属性(attribute)を記述する<ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink>と呼ばれるデータ構造を持ちます。 Debian GNU/Linux システムでの inode 構造 の正確な定義を知るには、\"<literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal>\" をご覧ください。 ほとんど全てをファイルシステム表現しようというアイデアはUnixの発明でしたし、現代的なLinuxカーネルはこのアイデアを一歩進めています。コンピュータ上で実行されているプロセス情報さえファイルシステム中に見つけられます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:815
msgid "This abstract and unified representation of physical entities and internal processes is very powerful since this allows us to use the same command for the same kind of operation on many totally different devices. It is even possible to change the way the kernel works by writing data to special files that are linked to running processes."
msgstr "このような物理的実体と内部プロセスの抽象的かつ統一された表現は非常にパワフルなので、多くの全く異なるデバイスに同じコマンドを使用して同種の操作が行えます。実行中のプロセスに繋がった特殊なファイルにデータを書き込むことでカーネルが如何に動作するかまで変更できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:817
msgid "If you need to identify the correspondence between the file tree and the physical entity, execute <literal>mount</literal>(8) with no arguments."
msgstr "ファイルツリーや物理的実体の間の関係を確認する必要がある際には、<literal>mount</literal>(8)を引数無しで実行してください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:821
msgid "Filesystem permissions"
msgstr "ファイルシステムのパーミッション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:822
msgid "<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">Filesystem permissions</ulink> of <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system are defined for three categories of affected users:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>システムの<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">ファイルシステムのパーミッション</ulink>は次の3つの影響されるユーザのカテゴリのために定義されています: "

#: debian-reference.en.xml:826
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>),"
msgstr "ファイルを所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザ(user)</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:831
msgid "other users in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>), and"
msgstr "ファイルが所属する<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ(group)</emphasis>中の他ユーザ(<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:836
msgid "all <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis> users (<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>) also referred to as \"world\" and \"everyone\"."
msgstr "\"世界\"や\"全員\"とも呼ばれる、全<emphasis role=\"strong\">他ユーザ(other)</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:840
msgid "For the file, each corresponding permission allows:"
msgstr "ファイルでは、それぞれに対応するパーミッションは次のようになります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:843
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): to examine contents of the file,"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): ファイル内容確認可能"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:847
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): to modify the file, and"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): ファイル内容変更可能"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:851
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): to run the file as a command."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): ファイルをコマンド実行可能"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:855
msgid "For the directory, each corresponding permission allows:"
msgstr "ディレクトリでは、対応するパーミッションはそれぞれ次のようになります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:858
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): to list contents of the directory,"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): ディレクトリ内容リスト可能"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:862
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): to add or remove files in the directory, and"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): ディレクトリへのファイルの追加削除可能"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:866
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): to access files in the directory."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): ディレクトリ内のファイルへのアクセス可能"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:870
msgid "Here, the <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> permission on a directory means not only to allow reading of files in that directory but also to allow viewing their attributes, such as the size and the modification time."
msgstr "ここで、ディレクトリに関する<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis>許可とはディレクトリ内のファイルへの読みを許可するのみならず、サイズや変更時間のようなアトリビュート閲覧を許可します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:871
msgid "<literal>ls</literal>(1) is used to display permission information (and more) for files and directories.  When it is invoked with the \"<literal>-l</literal>\" option, it displays the following information in the order given:"
msgstr "ファイルやディレクトリのパーミッション情報他を表示するには、<literal>ls</literal>(1)が使われます。\"<literal>-l</literal>\"オプション付きでこれを実行すると、次の情報がこの順序で表示されます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:875
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">type of file</emphasis> (first character)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイルのタイプ</emphasis>(最初の文字)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:880
msgid "the access <emphasis role=\"strong\">permission</emphasis> of the file (nine characters, consisting of three characters each for user, group, and other in this order)"
msgstr "ファイルのアクセス<emphasis role=\"strong\">パーミッション</emphasis>(次の9文字。ユーザとグループと他者の順にそれぞれに対して3文字から構成されている) "

#: debian-reference.en.xml:885
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">number of hard links</emphasis> to the file"
msgstr "ファイルへの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ハードリンク数</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:890
msgid "the name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file"
msgstr "ファイルを所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユ-ザー(user)</emphasis>の名前"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:895
msgid "the name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to"
msgstr "ファイルが所属する<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ(group)</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:900
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">size</emphasis> of the file in characters (bytes)"
msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">サイズ</emphasis>(文字数、バイト)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:905
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">date and time</emphasis> of the file (mtime)"
msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">日時</emphasis>(mtime)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:910
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">name</emphasis> of the file."
msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">名前</emphasis>。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:915
msgid "List of the first character of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output"
msgstr "\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"の出力の最初の文字のリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:922
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3940
msgid "character"
msgstr "文字"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:925
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1040
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1307
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1452
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2910
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3943
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4973
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8519
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8619
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8868
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9158
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11082
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11504
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11662
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18272
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25426
msgid "meaning"
msgstr "意味"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:932
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5568
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24009
msgid "<literal>-</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:935
msgid "normal file"
msgstr "通常ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:940
msgid "<literal>d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>d</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:948
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5640
msgid "<literal>l</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>l</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:951
msgid "symlink"
msgstr "シムリンク"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:956
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3764
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3767
msgid "<literal>c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>c</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:959
msgid "character device node"
msgstr "文字デバイス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:964
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20273
msgid "<literal>b</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>b</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:967
msgid "block device node"
msgstr "ブロックデバイス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:972
msgid "<literal>p</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>p</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:975
msgid "named pipe"
msgstr "名前付きパイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:980
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20258
msgid "<literal>s</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>s</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:983
msgid "socket"
msgstr "ソケット"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:989
msgid "<literal>chown</literal>(1) is used from the root account to change the owner of the file.  <literal>chgrp</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change the group of the file.  <literal>chmod</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change file and directory access permissions.  Basic syntax to manipulate a <literal>foo</literal> file is:"
msgstr "rootアカウントから<literal>chown</literal>(1)を使用することでファイルの所有者を変更します。ファイルの所有者又はrootアカウントから<literal>chgrp</literal>(1)を使用することでファイルのグループを変更します。ファイルの所有者又はrootアカウントから<literal>chmod</literal>(1)を使用することでファイルやディレクトリのアクセス権を変更します。<literal>foo</literal>ファイルの操作の基本的文法は次の通り: "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:990
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
"# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
"# chmod  [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"
msgstr ""
"# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
"# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
"# chmod  [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:993
msgid "For example, in order to make a directory tree to be owned by a user <literal>foo</literal> and shared by a group <literal>bar</literal>, issue following commands from the root account:"
msgstr "例えば、ディレクトリツリーの所有者をユーザ<literal>foo</literal>に変更し、グループ<literal>bar</literal>で共有する場合、rootアカウントから次のコマンドを実行します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:994
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /some/location/\n"
"# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."
msgstr ""
"# cd /some/location/\n"
"# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:997
msgid "There are three more special permission bits:"
msgstr "更に特殊なパーミッションビットが3つ存在します:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1000
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of user's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>),"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザID</emphasis> (ユーザの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1004
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of group's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>), and"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis> (グループの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1008
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> instead of other's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティッキビット</emphasis> (他ユーザの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis>)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1012
msgid "Here the output of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" for these bits is <emphasis role=\"strong\">capitalized</emphasis> if execution bits hidden by these outputs are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unset</emphasis>."
msgstr "ここで、これらのビットの\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"のアウトプットはこれらの出力によってかくされた実行ビットが<emphasis role=\"strong\">非設定(unset)</emphasis>の場合<emphasis role=\"strong\">大文字</emphasis>となります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1013
msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the owner ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Similarly, setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the group ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Because these settings can cause security risks, enabling them requires extra caution."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザID</emphasis>を実行ファイルにセットすると、ユーザはファイルの所有者ID(例えば、<emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>) を使って実行ファイルを実行することを許可されます。同様に、<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis>を実行ファイルにセットすると、ユーザはファイルのグループID(例えば、<emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>) を使って実行ファイルを実行することを許可されます。これらの設定はセキュリティを破壊するリスクを引き起こすので、これらのビットを有効にするには特別な注意が必要です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1014
msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on a directory enables the <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD-like</ulink> file creation scheme where all files created in the directory belong to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> of the directory."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis>sをディレクトリに対して有効にすると、ディレクトリに作成した全ファイルがディレクトリの<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ</emphasis>に所属するという<ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD的</ulink>ファイル生成手法が有効になります。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1015
msgid "Setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on a directory prevents a file in the directory from being removed by a user who is not the owner of the file.  In order to secure contents of a file in world-writable directories such as \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" or in group-writable directories, one must not only reset the <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> permission for the file but also set the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on the directory.  Otherwise, the file can be removed and a new file can be created with the same name by any user who has write access to the directory."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティッキビット</emphasis>をディレクトリに対して有効にすると、ディレクトリにあるファイルがファイルの所有者以外から削除されるのを防ぎます。\"<literal>/tmp</literal>\"やグループの書き込み可能なディレクトリなどのworld-writable なディレクトリにあるファイルの内容を安全にするためには、<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き込み</emphasis>パーミッションを無効にするだけでなく、ディレクトリに<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティッキビット</emphasis>もセットする必要があります。さもなければ、ディレクトリに書き込みできるユーザにより、ファイルが削除され、同じ名前で新しいファイルが作成されることを許してしまいます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1016
msgid "Here are a few interesting examples of file permissions."
msgstr "ファイルパーミッションの興味ある例を次にいくつか示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1017
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"crw------- 1 root root   108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n"
"-rw-r----- 1 root shadow    943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n"
"-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root   700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwxrwt 10 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n"
"drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  4 root src   4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  2 root mail  4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n"
"drwxrwxrwt  2 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"crw------- 1 root root   108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n"
"-rw-r----- 1 root shadow    943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n"
"-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root   700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwxrwt 10 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n"
"drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  4 root src   4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  2 root mail  4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n"
"drwxrwxrwt  2 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1028
msgid "There is an alternative numeric mode to describe file permissions with <literal>chmod</literal>(1).  This numeric mode uses 3 to 4 digit wide octal (radix=8) numbers."
msgstr "<literal>chmod</literal>(1)を用いて、ファイルパーミッションを記述するためのもう一つの数字モードが存在します。この数字モードは8進数を使った3桁から4桁の数字を用います。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1030
msgid "The numeric mode for file permissions in <literal>chmod</literal>(1) commands."
msgstr "<literal>chmod</literal>(1)コマンドで用いられるファイルパーミッションの数字モード。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1037
msgid "digit"
msgstr "数字"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1047
msgid "1st optional digit"
msgstr "1桁目(任意)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1050
msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザID</emphasis> (=4)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis> (=2)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティキービット</emphasis> (=1)の和"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1055
msgid "2nd digit"
msgstr "2桁目"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1058
msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (=1) permissions for <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザ</emphasis>に関して、<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (=4)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (=2)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (=1)ファイル許可の和"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1063
msgid "3rd digit"
msgstr "3桁目"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1066
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ</emphasis>に関して、同上"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1071
msgid "4th digit"
msgstr "4桁目"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1074
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザ</emphasis>に関して、同上"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1080
msgid "This sounds complicated but it is actually quite simple.  If you look at the first few (2-10) columns from \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" command output and read it as a binary (radix=2) representation of file permissions (\"-\" being \"0\" and \"rwx\" being \"1\"), the last 3 digit of the numeric mode value should make sense as an octal (radix=8) representation of file permissions to you.  For example, try:"
msgstr "これは複雑に聞こえるかもしれませんが、実際は本当にシンプルです。\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"コマンドの出力の最初の数列(2〜10列)を見て、それをファイルパーミッションのバイナリ表記(2進数)(\"-\"を\"0\"、\"rwx\"を\"1\"\"-\")として読むと、この数字モードの値はファイルパーミッションの8進数表現として意味を持ちます。例えば、次を試してみてください:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1081
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ touch foo bar\n"
"$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
"$ chmod 644 bar\n"
"$ ls -l foo bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 foo"
msgstr ""
"$ touch foo bar\n"
"$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
"$ chmod 644 bar\n"
"$ ls -l foo bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 foo"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1088
msgid "If you need to access information displayed by \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" in shell script, you should use pertinent commands such as <literal>test</literal>(1), <literal>stat</literal>(1) and <literal>readlink</literal>(1).  The shell builtin such as \"<literal>[</literal>\" or \"<literal>test</literal>\" may be used too."
msgstr "シェルスクリプトから\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"で表示される情報にアクセスする必要がある際には、<literal>test</literal>(1)や<literal>stat</literal>(1)や<literal>readlink</literal>(1)のような適切なコマンドの使用を考えるべきです。シェル組込みコマンドの\"<literal>[</literal>\"や\"<literal>test</literal>\"を使うのも手です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1092
msgid "Control of permissions for newly created files: umask"
msgstr "新規作成ファイルのパーミッションのコントロール:umask"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1093
msgid "What permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is restricted by the <literal>umask</literal> shell builtin command.  See <literal>dash</literal>(1), <literal>bash</literal>(1), and <literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
msgstr "新規作成ファイルのやディレクトリに適用されるパーミッションは<literal>umask</literal>シェル組込みコマンドを使うことにより制限できます。<literal>dash</literal>(1)か<literal>bash</literal>(1)か<literal>builtins</literal>(7)をご覧ください。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1094
#, no-wrap
msgid " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) &amp; ~(umask value)"
msgstr " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) &amp; ~(umask value)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1096
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis> value examples."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis>値の例。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1105
msgid "umask"
msgstr "umask"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1111
msgid "file permissions created"
msgstr "作成されるファイルパーミッション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1114
msgid "directory permissions created"
msgstr "作成されるディレクトリパーミッション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1121
msgid "<literal>0022</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0022</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1124
msgid "writable only by the user"
msgstr "ユーザのみにより書込み可"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1127
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9054
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9088
msgid "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1130
msgid "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1135
msgid "<literal>0002</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0002</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1138
msgid "writable by the group"
msgstr "グループにより書込み可"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1141
msgid "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1144
msgid "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1150
msgid "The Debian system uses a user private group (UPG) scheme as its default. A UPG is created whenever a new user is added to the system. A UPG has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the UPG. UPG scheme makes it is safe to set umask to <literal>0002</literal> since every user has their own private group.  (In some Unix variants, it is quite common to setup all normal users belonging to a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> group and is good idea to set umask to <literal>0022</literal> for security in such cases.)"
msgstr "Debianシステムはユーザ専用グループ(UPG)方式がデフォルト方式です。新しいユーザがシステムに追加される毎にUPGは作成されます。UPGはそのグループを作成したユーザと同じ名前を持ち、そのユーザがUPGの唯一のメンバーです。UPG方式では、全ユーザが各自専用のグループを持つのでumaskを<literal>0002</literal>と設定しても安全です。(一部Unix系システムでは全一般ユーザを1つの<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis>グループに所属させることがよく行われます。そのような場合には安全のため<literal>0022</literal>とumaskを設定しましょう。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1153
msgid "Permissions for groups of users (group)"
msgstr "ユーザのグループ(group)のパーミッション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1154
msgid "In order to make group permissions to be applied to a particular user, that user needs to be made a member of the group using \"<literal>sudo vigr</literal>\"."
msgstr "グループのパーミッションを特定ユーザに適用するには、\"<literal>sudo vigr</literal>\"を用いてそのユーザをグループのメンバーにする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1156
msgid "Alternatively, you may dynamically add users to groups during the authentication process by adding \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and setting \"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  (See <xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>.)"
msgstr "もし\"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\"行が\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"に書き加えれ、\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\"に対応する設定がされていれば、実際のユーザのグループメンバーシップは動的に割り当てられます。(<xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>参照。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1158
msgid "The hardware devices are just another kind of file on the Debian system.  If you have problems accessing devices such as CD-ROM and USB memory stick from a user account, you should make that user a member of the relevant group."
msgstr "ハードウエアデバイスはDebianシステム上では一種のファイルでしかありません。CD-ROMやUSBメモリスティックのようなデバイスをユーザアカウントからアクセスするのに問題があった場合にはそのユーザを適切なグループのメンバーにしましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1159
msgid "Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to access particular files and devices without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr "いくつかのシステムが供給するグループはそのメンバーに<literal>root</literal>権限無しに特定のファイルやデバイスにアクセスすることを可能にします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1161
msgid "List of notable system-provided groups for file access."
msgstr "ファイルアクセスのためにシステムが供給する特記すべきグループのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1168
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1255
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9041
msgid "group"
msgstr "グループ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1171
msgid "accessible files and devices"
msgstr "アクセスできるファイルやデバイス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1178
msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dialout</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1181
msgid "Full and direct access to serial ports (\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>\")."
msgstr "シリアルポート (\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>\")への全面的かつ直接のアクセス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1186
msgid "<literal>dip</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dip</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1189
msgid "Limited access to serial ports for <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to trusted peers."
msgstr "信頼できるピアーに<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダイヤルアップIP</emphasis>接続をするためのシリアルポートへの制限付きアクセス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1194
msgid "<literal>cdrom</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cdrom</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1197
msgid "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW drives."
msgstr "CD-ROMやDVD+/-RWのドライバ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1202
msgid "<literal>audio</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>audio</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1205
msgid "An audio device."
msgstr "音声デバイス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1210
msgid "<literal>video</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>video</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1213
msgid "A video device."
msgstr "映像デバイス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1218
msgid "<literal>scanner</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>scanner</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1221
msgid "Scanner(s)."
msgstr "スキャナ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1226
msgid "<literal>adm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>adm</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1229
msgid "System monitoring logs."
msgstr "システムモニタのログ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1234
msgid "<literal>staff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>staff</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1237
msgid "Some directories for junior administrative work: \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\", \"<literal>/home</literal>\"."
msgstr "下級管理業務のためのディレクトリ:\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\"、\"<literal>/home</literal>\"。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1244
msgid "You need to belong to the <literal>dialout</literal> group to reconfigure modem, dial anywhere, etc.  But if <literal>root</literal> creates pre-defined configuration files for trusted peers in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal>\", you only need to belong to the <literal>dip</literal> group to create <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to those trusted peers using <literal>pppd</literal>(8), <literal>pon</literal>(1), and <literal>poff</literal>(1) commands."
msgstr "モデムの設定をしたりどこにでも電話したり等するには<literal>dialout</literal>グループに所属する必要があります。もし信頼できるピアーに関する事前定義された設定ファイル\"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal>\"が<literal>root</literal>によって作成されていると、<literal>dip</literal>グループに属するだけで<literal>pppd</literal>(8)や<literal>pon</literal>(1)や<literal>poff</literal>(1)コマンドを用いて<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダイヤルアップIP</emphasis>接続が作成できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1246
msgid "Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to execute particular commands without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr "いくつかのシステムが供給するグループはそのメンバーに<literal>root</literal>権限無しに特定のコマンドを実行することを可能にします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1248
msgid "List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions."
msgstr "特定コマンド実行のためにシステムが供給する特記すべきグループのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1258
msgid "accessible commands"
msgstr "実行可能なコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1265
msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1268
msgid "execute <literal>sudo</literal> without their password."
msgstr "パスワード無しに<literal>sudo</literal>を実行。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1273
msgid "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1276
msgid "execute commands to add, modify, and remove printers from printer databases."
msgstr "プリンターのデータベースからプリンターを追加・変更・削除するコマンドの実行。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1281
msgid "<literal>plugdev</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>plugdev</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1284
msgid "execute <literal>pmount</literal>(1) for removable devices such as USB memories."
msgstr "USBメモリのような着脱可能なデバイスに関して<literal>pmount</literal>(1)を実行。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1290
msgid "For the full listing of the system provided users and groups, see the recent version of the \"Users and Groups\" document in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\" provided by the <literal>base-passwd</literal> package."
msgstr "システムが供給するユーザやグループの完全なリストは、<literal>base-passwd</literal>パッケージが供給する\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"の中にある最新バージョンの\"Users and Groups\"文書を参照ください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1291
msgid "See <literal>passwd</literal>(5), <literal>group</literal>(5), <literal>shadow</literal>(5), <literal>newgrp</literal>(1), <literal>vipw</literal>(8), <literal>vigr</literal>(8), and <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) for management commands of the user and group system."
msgstr "ユーザやグループシステムを管理するコマンドは<literal>passwd</literal>(5)や<literal>group</literal>(5)や<literal>shadow</literal>(5)や<literal>newgrp</literal>(1)や<literal>vipw</literal>(8)や<literal>vigr</literal>(8)や<literal>pam_group</literal>(8)を参照ください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1294
msgid "Timestamps"
msgstr "タイムスタンプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1295
msgid "There are three types of timestamps for a GNU/Linux file."
msgstr "GNU/Linuxファイルのタイムスタンプには3種類あります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1297
msgid "List of types of timestamps."
msgstr "タイムスタンプのタイプのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1304
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10325
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14169
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14521
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16039
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17111
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17458
msgid "type"
msgstr "タイプ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1314
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1317
msgid "the file modification time (<literal>ls -l</literal>)"
msgstr "ファイル内容変更時間(<literal>ls -l</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1322
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1325
msgid "the file status change time (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"
msgstr "ファイル状態変更時間(<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1330
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1333
msgid "the last file access time (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"
msgstr "ファイル最終アクセス時間 (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1339
msgid "Note that <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>はファイル作成日時でないことに注意しましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1343
msgid "Overwriting a file will change all of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr "ファイルが上書きされると、ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>の属性すべてが変更されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1348
msgid "Changing ownership or permissions of a file will change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr "ファイルの所有者や許可の変更をすると、ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>や<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> アトリビュートを変えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1353
msgid "Reading a file will change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of the file.  Note that even simply reading a file on the Debian system will normally cause a file write operation to update <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> information in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>.  Mounting a filesystem with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" option will let the system skip this operation and will result in faster file access for the read. This is often recommended for laptops, because it reduces hard drive activity and saves power. See <literal>mount</literal>(8)."
msgstr "ファイルを読むとファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>が変更されます。Debianシステム上のファイルを単に読むだけで<emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>中の<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>情報を更新する書込みオペレーションが通常引き起こされることを覚えておいてください。ファイルシステムを\"<literal>noatime</literal>\"や\"<literal>relatime</literal>\"オプションを用いてマウントすることでシステムはこのようなオペレーションをしなくなるので、ファイルへの読みアクセスを高速化できます。ハードディスクの活動を抑えパワーの節約ができるのでこの様な設定はラップトップに推奨されます。<literal>mount</literal>(8)参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1358
msgid "Use <literal>touch</literal>(1) command to change timestamps of existing files."
msgstr "既存ファイルのタイムスタンプを変更するには<literal>touch</literal>(1)コマンドを使ってください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1359
msgid "For timestamps, the <literal>ls</literal> command outputs different strings under the modern English locale (\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\") from under the old one (\"<literal>C</literal>\")."
msgstr "タイムスタンプに関して、現代の英語ロケール(\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\")では古い英語ロケール(\"<literal>C</literal>\")と違った文字列が<literal>ls</literal>コマンドから出力されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1360
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 foo\n"
"$ LANG=C  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 Mar  5 00:47 foo"
msgstr ""
"$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 foo\n"
"$ LANG=C  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 Mar  5 00:47 foo"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1365
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> to cutomize \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output."
msgstr "\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"の出力のカスタマイズは<xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/>参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1369
msgid "Links"
msgstr "リンク"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1370
msgid "There are two methods of associating a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with a different filename \"<literal>bar</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>foo</literal>\"というファイルを異なるファイル名\"<literal>bar</literal>\"に結びつけるのには2つの方法があります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1374
msgid "a <ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">hard link</ulink> is a duplicate name for an existing file (<literal>ln foo bar</literal>),"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">ハードリンク</ulink>は既存のファイルに対する重複した名前です(<literal>ln foo bar</literal>)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1379
msgid "a <ulink url=\"&symboliclink;\">symbolic link</ulink>, or \"symlink\", is a special file that points to another file by name (<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>)."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&symboliclink;\">シンボリックリンク</ulink>または\"シムリンク\"は名前により他のファイルを指し示す特別なファイルです(<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1383
msgid "See the following example for changes in link counts and the subtle differences in the result of the <literal>rm</literal> command."
msgstr "リンク数の変化と<literal>rm</literal>コマンドの結果の微妙な違いについての次の例をご覧ください。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1384
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ ln foo bar     # hard link\n"
"$ ln -s foo baz  # symlink\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ rm foo\n"
"$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 foo\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Original Content\n"
"$ cat baz\n"
"New Content"
msgstr ""
"$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ ln foo bar     # hard link\n"
"$ ln -s foo baz  # symlink\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ rm foo\n"
"$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 foo\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Original Content\n"
"$ cat baz\n"
"New Content"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1403
msgid "The hardlink can be made within the same file system and shares the same inode number which the \"<literal>-i</literal>\" option with <literal>ls</literal>(1)  reveals."
msgstr "ハードリンクは同一ファイルシステム内に作れ、<literal>ls</literal>(1)コマンドに\"<literal>-i</literal>\"オプションを使って表示されるinode番号が同じです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1404
msgid "The symlink always has nominal file access permissions of \"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\", as shown in the above example, with the effective access permissions dictated by permissions of the file that it points to."
msgstr "シンボリックリンクは上の例に示したように、常にファイルアクセスパーミッション\"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\"を持ちますので、シンボリックリンクが指すファイルのアクセスパーミッションが有効ファイルアクセスパーミッションとなります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1406
msgid "It is generally good idea not to create complicated symbolic links or hardlinks at all unless you have a very good reason.  It may cause nightmares where the logical combination of the symbolic links results in loops in the filesystem."
msgstr "もし特段の理由がないなら複雑なシンボリックリンクやハードリンクを作らない方が一般的には良いでしょう。シンボリックリンクの論理的組み合わせがファイルシステム中でループになっているという悪夢を引き起こすかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1409
msgid "It is generally preferable to use symbolic links rather than hardlinks unless you have a good reason for using a hardlink."
msgstr "もしハードリンクを使う特段の理由がなければ、ハードリンクよりシンボリックリンクを使う方が一般的には良いでしょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1411
msgid "The \"<literal>.</literal>\" directory links to the directory that it appears in, thus the link count of any new directory starts at 2.  The \"<literal>..</literal>\" directory links to the parent directory, thus the link count of the directory increases with the addition of new subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>.</literal>\"ディレクトリは、それ自身が中にあるディレクトリとリンクしていますので、新しいディレクトリリンク数は2から始まります。\"<literal>..</literal>\"ディレクトリは親ディレクトリとリンクしているので、ディレクトリのリンク数は新しいサブディレクトリの増加に伴い増加します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1412
msgid "If you are just moving to Linux from Windows, it will soon become clear how well-designed the filename linking of Unix is, compared with the nearest Windows equivalent of \"shortcuts\". Because it is implemented in the file system, applications can't see any difference between a linked file and the original. In the case of hardlinks, there really is no difference."
msgstr "もし最近あなたがWindowsからLinuxに移動してきたなら、Unixのファイル名のリンクはWindows上でもっとも似ている\"shortcuts\"との比較で如何にうまくできているかにすぐ気づくでしょう。ファイルシステム中に実装されているのでアプリケーションからはリンクされたファイルなのかオリジナルなのかの区別がつきません。ハードリンクの場合は実際全く違いはありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1415
msgid "Named pipes (FIFOs)"
msgstr "名前付きパイプ(FIFO)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1416
msgid "A <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">named pipe</ulink> is a file that acts like a pipe.  You put something into the file, and it comes out the other end.  Thus it's called a FIFO, or First-In-First-Out: the first thing you put in the pipe is the first thing to come out the other end."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">名前付きパイプ</ulink>は、パイプのように働くファイルです。何かをファイルに入れると、もう一方の端からそれが出てきます。こうしてこれはFIFOまたはFirst-In-First-Out(先入れ先出し)と呼ばれます。つまり、最初にパイプに入れられたものが最初にもう一方の端から出てきます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1417
msgid "If you write to a named pipe, the process which is writing to the pipe doesn't terminate until the information being written is read from the pipe.  If you read from a named pipe, the reading process waits until there is nothing to read before terminating.  The size of the pipe is always zero --- it does not store data, it just links two processes like the shell \"<literal>|</literal>\".  However, since this pipe has a name, the two processes don't have to be on the same command line or even be run by the same user. Pipes were a very influential innovation of Unix."
msgstr "名前付きパイプに書き込んむ場合、パイプに書き込んむプロセスは情報がパイプから読み出されるまで終了しません。名前付きパイプから読み出す場合、読み出すプロセス何か読み込むものが無くなるまで終了するのを待ちます。パイプのサイズは常に 0 です。 -- 名前付きパイプはデータを保存せず、 シェルの\"<literal>|</literal>\"のように2つのプロセスをリンクするだけです。しかし、このパイプは名前を持つので、2つのプロセスは同じコマンドラインになくても良いし、同じユーザにより実行される必要さえありません。パイプはUnixの非常に影響力ある発明でした。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1418
msgid "You can try it by doing the following:"
msgstr "次を実行して試してください:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1419
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
"$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # put into background\n"
"[1] 8022\n"
"$ ls -l mypipe\n"
"prw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 mypipe\n"
"$ cat mypipe\n"
"hello\n"
"[1]+  Done                    echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
"$ ls mypipe\n"
"mypipe\n"
"$ rm mypipe"
msgstr ""
"$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
"$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # put into background\n"
"[1] 8022\n"
"$ ls -l mypipe\n"
"prw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 mypipe\n"
"$ cat mypipe\n"
"hello\n"
"[1]+  Done                    echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
"$ ls mypipe\n"
"mypipe\n"
"$ rm mypipe"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1432
msgid "Sockets"
msgstr "ソケット"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1433
msgid "Sockets are used extensively by all the Internet communication, databases, and the operating system itself. It is similar to the named pipe (FIFO) and allows processes to exchange information even between different computers.  For the socket, those processes do not need to be running at the same time nor to be running as the children of the same ancestor process.  This is the endpoint for <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">the inter process communication (IPC)</ulink>.  The exchange of information may occur over the network between different hosts.  The two most common ones are <ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">the Internet socket</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">the Unix domain socket</ulink>."
msgstr "ソケットはインターネットのコミュニケーションやデータベースやオペレーティングシステム自身によって頻繁に使われます。ソケットは名前つきパイプ(FIFO)に似ており、異なるコンピュータ間でさえプロセス間の情報交換を可能にします。ソケットにとって、これらのプロセスは同時に実行する必要も、同じ祖先プロセスの子供である必要もありません。これは<ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">プロセス間通信(IPC)</ulink>の終端点です。ネットワーク越しで異なるホストの間で情報の交換をすることも可能です。2つの典型的なソケットは、<ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">インターネットソケット</ulink>と<ulink url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">Unixドメインソケット</ulink>です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1435
msgid "\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\" will provide a very useful overview of sockets that are open on a given system."
msgstr "\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\"を実行すると特定のシステム上のソケットの全般状況がよく分かります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1439
msgid "Device files"
msgstr "デバイスファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1440
msgid "<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Device files</ulink> refer to physical or virtual devices on your system, such as your hard disk, video card, screen, or keyboard.  An example of a virtual device is the console, represented by \"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">デバイスファイル</ulink>は、システム上のハードディスク、ビデオカード、ディスプレイ、キーボードなどの物理デバイス又は仮想デバイス等を意味します。仮想デバイスの例として\"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"として表されるコンソールがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1442
msgid "The device types."
msgstr "デバイスのタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1449
msgid "device type"
msgstr "デバイスのタイプ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1459
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">character device</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文字デバイス</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1462
msgid "This can be accessed one character at a time, that is, the smallest unit of data which can be written to or read from the device is a character (byte)."
msgstr "一度に1つの文字づつアクセスする、デバイスから書き込みや読み込みを行うデータの最小単位が文字(バイト)であるデバイスです。 "

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1467
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">block device</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ブロックデバイス</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1470
msgid "This must be accessed in larger units called blocks, which contain a number of characters.  Your hard disk is a block device."
msgstr "ブロックと呼ばれる複数の文字を含む比較的大きな大きな単位でアクセスされるデバイスです。ハードディスクはブロックデバイスです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1476
msgid "You can read and write device files, though the file may well contain binary data which may be an incomprehensible-to-humans gibberish.  Writing data directly to these files is sometimes useful for the troubleshooting of hardware connections.  For example, you can dump a text file to the printer device \"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\" or send modem commands to the appropriate serial port \"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\".  But, unless this is done carefully, it may cause a major disaster.  So be cautious."
msgstr "デバイスファイルの読み書きが可能ですが、人間にとっては意味不明のバイナリデータがファイル中に多分含まれています。データを直接デバイスファイルに書き込むことは時々ハードウェアの接続に関するトラブルシュートに役立ちます。例えば、プリンタデバイス\"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\"にテキストファイルをダンプしたり、 適切なシリアルポート\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\"にモデムコマンドを送ることができます。しかし、注意深くやらないと、大災害をもたらすことがあります。くれぐれも気をつけてください。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1478
msgid "For the normal access to a printer, use <literal>lp</literal>(1)."
msgstr "通常のプリンターへのアクセスは<literal>lp</literal>(1)を使いましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1480
msgid "The device node number are displayed by executing <literal>ls</literal>(1) as:"
msgstr "<literal>ls</literal>(1)を次のように実行するとデバイスノード番号が表示されます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1481
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
"brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom   3,  0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n"
"crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n"
"crw-rw-rw- 1 root root    1,  5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
"brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom   3,  0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n"
"crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n"
"crw-rw-rw- 1 root root    1,  5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1485
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6176
msgid "Here,"
msgstr "上記で:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1489
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" has the major device number 3 and the minor device number 0.  This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>disk</literal> group,"
msgstr "\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\"はメジャーデバイス番号3とマイナーデバイス番号0を持ちます。これは<literal>disk</literal>グループに所属するユーザにより、読み書きアクセスが可能です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1494
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" has the major device number 4 and the minor device number 64.  This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>dialout</literal> group, and"
msgstr "\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" はメジャーデバイス番号4とマイナーデバイス番号64を持ちます。これは<literal>dialout</literal>グループに所属するユーザにより、読み書きアクセスが可能です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1499
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" has the major device number 1 and the minor device number 5.  This is read/write accessible by anyone."
msgstr "\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" はメジャーデバイス番号1とマイナーデバイス番号5を持ちます。これは誰によっても読み書きアクセスが可能です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1503
msgid "In the Linux 2.6 system, the filesystem under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\" is automatically populated by the <literal>udev</literal>(7) mechanism."
msgstr "Linux 2.6システムでは、\"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"の下のファイルは<literal>udev</literal>(7)メカニズムで自動的に生成されます。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1506
msgid "Special device files"
msgstr "特別なデバイスファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1507
msgid "There are some special device files."
msgstr "いくつかの特別なデバイスファイルがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1509
msgid "List of special device files."
msgstr "スペシャルなデバイスファイルのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1517
msgid "device file"
msgstr "デバイスファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1520
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2195
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6505
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11458
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12060
msgid "action"
msgstr "アクション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1523
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2198
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19837
msgid "response"
msgstr "レスポンス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1530
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1541
msgid "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1533
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1555
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1566
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1577
msgid "read"
msgstr "読み"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1536
msgid "it returns \"end-of-file (EOF) character\"."
msgstr "\"行末(EOF)文字\"を返します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1544
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1588
msgid "write"
msgstr "書き"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1547
msgid "it is a bottomless data dump pit."
msgstr "底なしのデータのゴミ捨て場です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1552
msgid "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1558
msgid "it returns \"the <literal>\\0</literal> (NUL) character\" (not the same as the number zero ASCII)."
msgstr "\"<literal>\\0</literal> (NUL)文字\"を返します(ASCIIの数字のゼロとは違います)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1563
msgid "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1569
msgid "it returns random characters from a true random number generator, delivering real entropy. (slow)"
msgstr "真の乱数発生機から真のエントロピーのあるランダムな文字を返す。(遅い)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1574
msgid "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1580
msgid "it returns random characters from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator."
msgstr "暗号学的にセキュアな擬似乱数発生機からランダムな文字を返す。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1585
msgid "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1591
msgid "it returns the disk-full (ENOSPC) error."
msgstr "ディスクフル(ENOSPC)エラーを返す。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1597
msgid "These are frequently used in conjunction with the shell redirection (see <xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)."
msgstr "以上はシェルのリディレクションとともによく使われます。(<xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1600
msgid "procfs and sysfs"
msgstr "procfsとsysfs"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1601
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> mounted on \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" and \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" are the pseudo-filesystem and expose internal data structures of the kernel to the userspace.  In other word, these entries are virtual, meaning that they act as a convenient window into the operation of the operating system."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink>と<ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink>は\"<literal>/proc</literal>\"や\"<literal>/sys</literal>\"上にマウントされる仮想ファイルシステムであり、カーネルの内部データ構造をユーザスペースにさらけ出します。言い換えると、オペレーティングシステムのオペレーションへの便利なのぞき窓となると言う意味で仮想といえます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1602
msgid "The directory \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). System utilities that access process information, such as <literal>ps</literal>(1), get their information from this directory structure."
msgstr "\"<literal>/proc</literal>\"ディレクトリ中には、システム上で実行されている各プロセスに対応したそのプロセスID(PID)の名前がついたサブディレクトリ他があります。プロセス情報をアクセスする<literal>ps</literal>(1)のようなシステムユーティリティはこのディレクトリ構造からその情報を得ています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1603
msgid "The directories under \"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\" contain interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time.  (You may do the same through specialized <literal>sysctl</literal>(8) command or its preload/configuration file \"<literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr "\"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\"の下のディレクトリには実行時のカーネル変数を変更するインターフェースがあります。(専用の<literal>sysctl</literal>(8)コマンドもしくはその起動/設定ファイル\"<literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal>\"によっても同様のことができます。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1605
msgid "The Linux kernel may complain \"Too many open files\".  You can fix this by increasing \"<literal>file-max</literal>\" value to a larger value from the root shell, e.g., \"<literal>echo \"65536\" &gt; /proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal>\" (This was needed on older kernels)."
msgstr "Linuxカーネルが\"Too many open files\"とエラーを出力することがあります。rootのシェルから、例えば\"<literal>echo \"65536\" &gt; /proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal>\"等と\"<literal>file-max</literal>\"の値をより大きな値に増加することで解決できます。(古いカーネルではこれが必要でした。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1607
msgid "People frequently panic when they notice one file in particular - \"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" - which is generally huge.  This is (more or less) a copy of the content of your computer's memory.  It's used to debug the kernel.  It is a virtual file that points to computer memory, so don't worry about its size."
msgstr "特にあるファイル - \"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" -  に気づくと、パニックになる人がよくいます。これは一般に巨大です。これは(おおよそ)コンピュータのメモリの内容のコピーです。これは kernel をデバッグするのに用いられます。コンピュータのメモリを指す仮想ファイルなので、そのサイズに関して心配する必要は全くありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1608
msgid "The directory under \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" contains exported kernel data structures, their attributes, and their linkages between them. It also contains interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time."
msgstr "\"<literal>/sys</literal>\"の下のディレクトリはカーネルから引き出されたデータ構造、その属性、それらの関連を含んでいます。一部カーネル変数を実行時に変更する機構もまた含まれたりします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1609
msgid "See \"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\", \"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\" and other related documents in the Linux kernel documentation (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\") provided by the <literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal> package."
msgstr "<literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal>パッケージで供給されるLinuxカーネル文書(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\")中の\"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\"や\"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\"や関連する他の文書を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1613
msgid "Midnight Commander (MC)"
msgstr "ミッドナイトコマンダー(MC)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1614
msgid "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> is a GNU \"Swiss army knife\" for the Linux console and other terminal environments.  This gives newbie a menu driven console experience which is much easier to learn than standard Unix commands."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink>はLinux コンソールや他の端末環境のためのGNU製\"スイス軍ナイフ\"です。標準Unixコマンドを習うよりもより簡単なメニューを使ったコンソール経験が初心者にもできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1615
msgid "You may need to install the Midnight Commander package which is titled \"<literal>mc</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>mc</literal>\"と名づけられた Midnight Commanderパッケージをインストールする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1616
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo aptitude install mc"
msgstr "$ sudo aptitude install mc"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1617
msgid "Use the <literal>mc</literal>(1) command to explore the Debian system.  This is the best way to learn.  Please explore few interesting locations just using the cursor keys and Enter key:"
msgstr "Debian システムを探検するために<literal>mc</literal>(1)コマンドを使いましょう。これは学習するための最良の方法です。カーソルキーとエンターキーを使うだけでいくつかの主要な場所を探検してください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1621
msgid "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1626
msgid "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1631
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1636
msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\"と\"<literal>/bin</literal>\"。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1641
msgid "Customization of MC"
msgstr "MCのカスタム化"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1642
msgid "In order to make MC to change working directory upon exit and <literal>cd</literal> to the directory, I suggest to modify \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" to include:"
msgstr "終了時に作業ディレクトリをMCに変更させそのディレクトリへcdさせるためには、\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"を次を含むように変更しましょう:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1643
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh"
msgstr ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1644
msgid "See <literal>mc</literal>(1) (under the \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option) for the reason. (If you do not understand what exactly I am talking here, you can do this later.)"
msgstr "この理由は<literal>mc</literal>(1) (\"<literal>-P</literal>\"オプション項目) を参照下さい(今言っていることがよく分からないなら、これは後日しても大丈夫です。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1647
msgid "Starting MC"
msgstr "MCの始動"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1648
msgid "MC can be started by:"
msgstr "MCは次のようにして始動できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1649
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc"
msgstr "$ mc"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1650
msgid "MC takes care of all file operations through its menu, requiring minimal user effort.  Just press F1 to get the help screen.  You can play with MC just by pressing cursor-keys and function-keys."
msgstr "MCを使うとメニューを通じた最小限のユーザの努力で全てのファイル操作の面倒が見られます。ヘルプ表示を出すには、ただF1を押すだけです。カーソルキーとファンクションキーの操作だけでMCを使えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1652
msgid "In some consoles such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), key strokes of function-keys may be stolen by the console program.  You can disable these features by \"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" for <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)のようなコンソールでは、ファンクションキーのキーストロークがコンソールプログラムに横取りされる事があります。<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>の場合、\"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\"とするとこの機能を無効にできます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1654
msgid "If you encounter character encoding problem which displays garbage characters, adding \"<literal>-a</literal>\" to MC's command line may help prevent problems."
msgstr "もし文字化け表示がされる文字エンコーディング問題に出会った際には、MCのコマンドラインに\"<literal>-a</literal>\"を加えると解消する事があります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1655
msgid "If this doesn't clear up your display problems with MC, see <xref linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>."
msgstr "これでもMCの表示の問題が解消しない際には、<xref linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1658
msgid "File manager in MC"
msgstr "MCのファイルマネージャ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1659
msgid "The default is two directory panels containing file lists.  Another useful mode is to set the right window to \"information\" to see file access privilege information, etc.  Following are some essential keystrokes.  With the <literal>gpm</literal>(8) daemon running, one can use a mouse on Linux character consoles, too.  (Make sure to press the shift-key to obtain the normal behavior of cut and paste in MC.)"
msgstr "2つのディレクトリパネルがありそれぞれファイルリストを含むのが標準です。他の便利なモードとしては、右側のウィンドウを\"information\" とセットしてファイルアクセス権情報などを表示するモードがあります。次にいくつかの不可欠なキーストロークを示します。<literal>gpm</literal>(8)デーモンを実行すると、Linuxの文字ターミナルでマウスも使えます。(MC で通常の挙動のカットアンドペーストをさせるには、shiftキーを押してください。) "

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1661
msgid "The key bindings of MC."
msgstr "MCのキーバインディング"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1668
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2065
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5520
msgid "key"
msgstr "キー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1671
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2068
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5523
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18269
msgid "key binding"
msgstr "キーバインディング"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1678
msgid "<literal>F1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F1</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1681
msgid "Help menu"
msgstr "ヘルプメニュー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1686
msgid "<literal>F3</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F3</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1689
msgid "Internal file viewer"
msgstr "内部ファイルビューア"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1694
msgid "<literal>F4</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F4</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1697
msgid "Internal editor"
msgstr "内部エディタ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1702
msgid "<literal>F9</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F9</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1705
msgid "Activate pull down menu"
msgstr "プルダウンメニューを有効にする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1710
msgid "<literal>F10</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1713
msgid "Exit Midnight Commander"
msgstr "MCを終了する "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1718
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2162
msgid "<literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Tab</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1721
msgid "Move between two windows"
msgstr "二つのウィンドウの間を移動する "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1725
msgid "<literal>Insert</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Insert</literal>もしくは<literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1728
msgid "Mark file for a multiple-file operation such as copy"
msgstr "コピーのような複数ファイル操作のため、ファイルにマークをする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1733
msgid "<literal>Del</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Del</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1736
msgid "Delete file (be careful---set MC to safe delete mode)"
msgstr "ファイルの削除 (気をつけましょう -- MCを安全削除モードに設定) "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1741
msgid "Cursor keys"
msgstr "カーソルキー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1744
msgid "Self-explanatory"
msgstr "自明"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1752
msgid "Command-line tricks in MC"
msgstr "MC のコマンドライントリック"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1756
msgid "Any <literal>cd</literal> command will change the directory shown on the selected screen."
msgstr "<literal>cd</literal>コマンドは選択されたスクリーンに表示されたディレクトリを変更します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1760
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> will copy a filename to the command line. Use this with <literal>cp</literal>(1) and <literal>mv</literal>(1) commands together with command-line editing."
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal>と<literal>Alt-Enter</literal>はファイル名をコマンドラインにコピーします。コマンドライン編集と一緒に<literal>cp</literal>(1)や<literal>mv</literal>(1)コマンドで御使用ください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1764
msgid "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> will show shell filename expansion choices."
msgstr "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal>はシェルファイル名の自動展開の選択肢を表示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1769
msgid "One can specify the starting directory for both windows as arguments to MC; for example, \"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"."
msgstr "MCの引数で両ウインドウの開始ディレクトリを指定できます。例えば\"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1773
msgid "<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>n-key</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> (i.e., <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → <literal>F1</literal>, etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → <literal>F10</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>n-key</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> (つまり、<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → <literal>F1</literal>、等々、<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → <literal>F10</literal>)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1778
msgid "Pressing <literal>Esc</literal> before the key has the same effect as pressing the <literal>Alt</literal> and the key together.; i.e., type <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> for <literal>Alt-C</literal>.  <literal>Esc</literal> is called meta-key and sometimes noted as \"<literal>M-</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>Esc</literal>をキーの前に押すのは<literal>Alt</literal>をキーと同時に押すのと同様の効果があります。つまり、<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> は<literal>Alt-C</literal>と同じです。<literal>Esc</literal>はメタキーとよばれ時々\"<literal>M-</literal>\"と表記されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1784
msgid "The internal editor in MC"
msgstr "MCの内部エディタ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1785
msgid "The internal editor has an interesting cut-and-paste scheme.  Pressing <literal>F3</literal> marks the start of a selection, a second <literal>F3</literal> marks the end of selection and highlights the selection.  Then you can move your cursor.  If you press F6, the selected area will be moved to the cursor location.  If you press F5, the selected area will be copied and inserted at the cursor location.  <literal>F2</literal> will save the file.  <literal>F10</literal> will get you out.  Most cursor keys work intuitively."
msgstr "MC の内部エディタは興味深いカットアンドペースト機構を持ちます。<literal>F3</literal>キーを押すと、選択範囲の開始としてマークし、次に<literal>F3</literal>を押すと、選択範囲の終了としてマークし、選択範囲を強調します。そしてカーソルを動かすことができます。F6を押すと、選択範囲はカーソルの位置に移動します。F5を押すと、選択範囲はコピーされ、カーソルの位置に挿入されます。<literal>F2</literal>を押すとファイルをセーブします。<literal>F10</literal>を押すと選択範囲はなくなります。ほとんどのカーソルキーは直感的に働きます。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1786
msgid "This editor can be directly started on a file:"
msgstr "このエディタは直接ファイルに関しても起動できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1787
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mc -e filename_to_edit\n"
"$ mcedit filename_to_edit"
msgstr ""
"$ mc -e filename_to_edit\n"
"$ mcedit filename_to_edit"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1789
msgid "This is not a multi-window editor, but one can use multiple Linux consoles to achieve the same effect.  To copy between windows, use Alt-F&lt;n&gt; keys to switch virtual consoles and use \"File→Insert file\" or \"File→Copy to file\" to move a portion of a file to another file."
msgstr "これはマルチモードエディタではありませんが、複数の Linux コンソール上で使用すると同じ効果を発揮させされます。ウィンドウ間のコピーを行うには、 Alt-&lt;n&gt;キーを押して仮想コンソールを切替えて、\"File→Insert file\"や\"File→Copy to file\"を用いてファイルの一部を他のファイルに動かします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1790
msgid "This internal editor can be replaced with any external editor of choice."
msgstr "この内部エディタはお好きな他の外部エディタと置き換えが可能です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1791
msgid "Also, many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use.  If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>nano</literal>(1) initially, you may set these to \"<literal>mcedit</literal>\" by adding these lines to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\":"
msgstr "また、多くのプログラムは使用するエディタを決定するために環境変数\"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\"や\"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\"を使用します。最初<literal>vim</literal>(1)や<literal>nano</literal>(1)が使いにくい場合には\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"に次に示す行を追加してエディタを\"<literal>mcedit</literal>\"に設定するのも一計です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1792
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
"export VISUAL=mcedit\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"...\n"
"export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
"export VISUAL=mcedit\n"
"..."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1796
msgid "I do recommend setting these to \"<literal>vim</literal>\" if possible."
msgstr "できればこれは\"<literal>vim</literal>\"に設定することを推奨します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1797
msgid "If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1), you can keep using <literal>mcedit</literal>(1) for most system maintenance tasks."
msgstr "<literal>vim</literal>(1)が使いにくい場合には、<literal>mcedit</literal>(1)をほとんどのシステム管理業務のために使い続けられます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1800
msgid "The internal viewer in MC"
msgstr "MCの内部ビューア"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1801
msgid "Very smart viewer.  This is a great tool for searching words in documents.  I always use this for files in the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" directory.  This is the fastest way to browse through masses of Linux information.  This viewer can be directly started like so:"
msgstr "非常に小さなビューアです。文書内の単語を検索するための素晴らしいツールです。私は\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\"ディレクトリ内のファイルに対していつもこれを使います。これは 大量にあるLinux情報をブラウズするための最速の方法です。このビューアはこのように直接起動できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1802
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view\n"
"$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"
msgstr ""
"$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view\n"
"$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1806
msgid "Auto-start features of MC"
msgstr "MCの自動起動機能"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1807
msgid "Press Enter on a file, and the appropriate program will handle the content of the file (see <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  This is a very convenient MC feature."
msgstr "ファイルの上でEnterを押すと、適切なプログラムがファイル内容を処理します(<xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>参照)。これは非常に便利な MC の機能です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1809
msgid "The reaction to the enter key in MC."
msgstr "キー入力へのMCの反応"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1816
msgid "file type"
msgstr "ファイルタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1819
msgid "reaction to enter key"
msgstr "enterキーへの反応"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1826
msgid "executable file"
msgstr "実行ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1829
msgid "Execute command"
msgstr "コマンド実行"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1834
msgid "man file"
msgstr "manファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1837
msgid "Pipe content to viewer software"
msgstr "ビューアソフトに内容をパイプする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1842
msgid "html file"
msgstr "htmlファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1845
msgid "Pipe content to web browser"
msgstr "ウエッブブラウザに内容をパイプする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1850
msgid "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" file"
msgstr "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\"や\"<literal>*.deb</literal>\"ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1853
msgid "Browse its contents as if subdirectory"
msgstr "サブディレクトリであるかのように内容を表示"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1859
msgid "In order to allow these viewer and virtual file features to function, viewable files should not be set as executable.  Change their status using <literal>chmod</literal>(1) or via the MC file menu."
msgstr "これらのビューアや仮想ファイルの機能を有効にするためには、閲覧可能なファイルには実行可能と設定されていてはいけません。<literal>chmod</literal>(1)コマンドを使うか、MC のファイルメニュー経由で状態を変更してください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1862
msgid "FTP virtual filesystem of MC"
msgstr "MCのFTP仮想ファイルシステム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1863
msgid "MC can be used to access files over the Internet using FTP.  Go to the menu by pressing <literal>F9</literal>, then type \"<literal>p</literal>\" to activate the FTP virtual filesystem.  Enter a URL in the form \"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\", which will retrieve a remote directory that appears like a local one."
msgstr "MCをInternet越しでのFTPを用いたファイルアクセスに使えます。<literal>F9</literal>を押してメニューに行き、\"<literal>p</literal>\"を押してFTP仮想ファイルシステムを有効にします。\"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\"の形式でURLを入力すると、あたかもローカルにあるかのようにリモートディレクトリを取得します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1864
msgid "Try \"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\" as the URL and browse the Debian archive."
msgstr "\"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\"をURLとしてDebianアーカイブを覗いてみましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1868
msgid "The basic Unix-like work environment"
msgstr "基本のUnix的作業環境"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1869
msgid "Although MC enables you to do almost everything, it is very important for you to learn how to use the command line tools invoked from the shell prompt and become familiar with the Unix-like work environment."
msgstr "MCはほとんど全てのことを可能にしますが、シェルプロンプトから実行されるコマンドラインツールの使用方法について学び、Unix的な作業環境に親しむのは非常に重要なことです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1871
msgid "The login shell"
msgstr "loginシェル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1872
msgid "You can select your login shell with <literal>chsh</literal>(1)."
msgstr "ログインシェルは<literal>chsh</literal>(1)を使えば選択できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1874
msgid "List of shell programs."
msgstr "シェルプログラムのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1893
msgid "POSIX shell"
msgstr "POSIXシェル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1902
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29035
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bash\"> <literal>bash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bash\"> <literal>bash</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1905
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29038
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bash\">&pop-bash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bash\">&pop-bash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1906
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29039
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bash.html\">&size-bash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bash.html\">&size-bash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1908
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1932
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1945
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1957
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1982
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1994
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2020
msgid "Yes"
msgstr "はい"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1910
msgid "<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: the GNU Bourne Again SHell. (de facto standard)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>:GNU Bourne Again SHell(事実上の標準シェル)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1914
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcsh\"> <literal>tcsh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcsh\"> <literal>tcsh</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1917
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcsh\">&pop-tcsh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcsh\">&pop-tcsh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1918
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcsh.html\">&size-tcsh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcsh.html\">&size-tcsh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1920
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1970
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2007
msgid "No"
msgstr "いいえ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1922
msgid "<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: an enhanced version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>:拡張バージョンの<ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1926
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dash\"> <literal>dash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dash\"> <literal>dash</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1929
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dash\">&pop-dash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dash\">&pop-dash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1930
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dash.html\">&size-dash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dash.html\">&size-dash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1935
msgid "The Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>. Good for shell script."
msgstr "Debianの<ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquistシェル</ulink>。シェルスクリプトに好適。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1939
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/zsh\"> <literal>zsh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/zsh\"> <literal>zsh</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1942
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zsh\">&pop-zsh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zsh\">&pop-zsh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1943
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/z/zsh.html\">&size-zsh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/z/zsh.html\">&size-zsh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1947
msgid "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>: the standard shell with many enhancements."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>:多くの拡張された標準シェル。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1951
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pdksh\"> <literal>pdksh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pdksh\"> <literal>pdksh</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1954
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pdksh\">&pop-pdksh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pdksh\">&pop-pdksh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1955
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pdksh.html\">&size-pdksh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pdksh.html\">&size-pdksh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1960
msgid "A public domain version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>."
msgstr "A public domain version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Kornシェル</ulink>."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1964
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/csh\"> <literal>csh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/csh\"> <literal>csh</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1967
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/csh\">&pop-csh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/csh\">&pop-csh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1968
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/csh.html\">&size-csh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/csh.html\">&size-csh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1972
msgid "<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, a version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>のCシェル、<ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>の1バージョン。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1976
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sash\"> <literal>sash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sash\"> <literal>sash</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1979
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sash\">&pop-sash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sash\">&pop-sash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1980
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sash.html\">&size-sash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sash.html\">&size-sash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1984
msgid "<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> with builtin commands. (Not meant for standard \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\".)"
msgstr "組み込みコマンド付きの<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">独立シェル</ulink>。(標準の\"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\"には向きません。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1988
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ksh\"> <literal>ksh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ksh\"> <literal>ksh</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1991
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ksh\">&pop-ksh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ksh\">&pop-ksh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1992
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/ksh.html\">&size-ksh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/ksh.html\">&size-ksh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1997
msgid "The real, AT&amp;T version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>."
msgstr "真のAT&amp;Tバージョンの<ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Kornシェル</ulink>。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2001
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rc\"> <literal>rc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rc\"> <literal>rc</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2004
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rc\">&pop-rc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rc\">&pop-rc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2005
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rc.html\">&size-rc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rc.html\">&size-rc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2010
msgid "An implementation of the <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink> <ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rc shell</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink>の<ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rcシェル</ulink>の実装。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2014
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/posh\"> <literal>posh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/posh\"> <literal>posh</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2017
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/posh\">&pop-posh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/posh\">&pop-posh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2018
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/posh.html\">&size-posh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/posh.html\">&size-posh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2023
msgid "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell. A <literal>pdksh</literal> derivative."
msgstr "ポリシー準拠の通常シェル。<literal>pdksh</literal>の派生。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2029
msgid "In this tutorial chapter, the interactive shell always means <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr "このチュートリアル章内では、インタラクティブなシェルは常に<literal>bash</literal>です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2032
msgid "Customizing bash"
msgstr "Bashのカスタム化"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2033
msgid "You can customize <literal>bash</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\".  For example, I added followings to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\":"
msgstr "<literal>bash</literal>(1)の動作は\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"でカスタマイズできます。例えば次を\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"に加えます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2034
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# CD upon exiting MC\n"
". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n"
"\n"
"# set CDPATH to good one\n"
"CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~/Desktop/src:~/Desktop:~\n"
"export CDPATH\n"
"\n"
"PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n"
"# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
"if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
"  PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n"
"fi\n"
"export PATH\n"
"\n"
"EDITOR=vim\n"
"export EDITOR"
msgstr ""
"# CD upon exiting MC\n"
". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n"
"\n"
"# set CDPATH to good one\n"
"CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~/Desktop/src:~/Desktop:~\n"
"export CDPATH\n"
"\n"
"PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n"
"# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
"if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
"  PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n"
"fi\n"
"export PATH\n"
"\n"
"EDITOR=vim\n"
"export EDITOR"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2051
msgid "You can find more <literal>bash</literal> customization tips, such as <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, in <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>."
msgstr "<literal>bash</literal>に関する更なるカスタマイズ方法は、<xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>中の<xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>等にあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2055
msgid "Special key strokes"
msgstr "特別のキーストローク"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2056
msgid "In the <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment, there are few key strokes which have special meanings.  Please note that on a normal Linux character console, only the left-hand <literal>Ctrl</literal> and <literal>Alt</literal> keys work as expected.  Here are few notable key strokes to remember."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>環境下では、特別の意味を持ったいくつかのキーストロークがあります。通常のLinuxの文字ターミナルでは左側の<literal>Ctrl</literal>や<literal>Alt</literal>キーのみが期待にそって機能することに配慮下さい。次に特記すべき暗記するべきキーストロークを記します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2058
msgid "List of key bindings for bash."
msgstr "Bashのキーバインディングのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2075
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2078
msgid "Erase line before cursor."
msgstr "カーソルの前の1行を消去する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2083
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2086
msgid "Erase a character before cursor."
msgstr "カーソルの前の1文字を削除する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2091
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2094
msgid "Terminate input.  (exit shell if you are using shell)"
msgstr "入力を終了する。(シェルを使用中の場合、シェルを終了する) "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2099
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2102
msgid "Terminate a running program."
msgstr "実行中のプログラムを終了する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2107
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2110
msgid "Temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job"
msgstr "一時的にプログラムをバックグラウンドジョブに入れ停止する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2115
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2118
msgid "Halt output to screen."
msgstr "スクリーンへの出力を停止する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2123
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2126
msgid "Reactivate output to screen."
msgstr "スクリーンへの出力を再開する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2131
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2134
msgid "Reboot/halt the system, see <literal>inittab</literal>(5)."
msgstr "システムをリブート/停止する、<literal>inittab</literal>(5)参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2138
msgid "<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> (optionally, <literal>Windows-key</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>Left-Altキー</literal> (もしくは、<literal>Windowsキー</literal>)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2141
msgid "Meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI."
msgstr "Emacsおよび同様のUIでのメタキー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2146
msgid "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2149
msgid "Start command history search under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>bash</literal>でコマンド履歴の検索開始。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2154
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2157
msgid "Start incremental command history search under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>bash</literal>でインクリメンタルなコマンド履歴検索の開始。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2165
msgid "Complete input of the filename to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>bash</literal>のコマンドラインでファイル名の入力を完結する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2170
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2174
msgid "Input <literal>Tab</literal> without expansion to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>bash</literal>のコマンドラインで<literal>Tab</literal>を展開することなく入力する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2181
msgid "The terminal feature of <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> can be disabled using <literal>stty</literal>(1)."
msgstr "ターミナルの<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>機能は<literal>stty</literal>(1)で無効にできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2185
msgid "Unix style mouse operations"
msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2186
msgid "Unix style mouse operations are based on the 3 button mouse system."
msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作は3ボタンマウスが基本です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2188
msgid "List of Unix style mouse operations."
msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作のリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2205
msgid "Left-click-and-drag mouse"
msgstr "マウスの左クリックアンドドラッグ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2208
msgid "Select and copy to the clipboard."
msgstr "選択とクリップボードへのコピー。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2213
msgid "Left-click"
msgstr "左クリック"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2216
msgid "Select the start of selection."
msgstr "選択開始点の選択。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2221
msgid "Right-click"
msgstr "右クリック"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2224
msgid "Select the end of selection and copy to the clipboard."
msgstr "選択終了点の選択とクリップボードへのコピー。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2229
msgid "Middle-click"
msgstr "中クリック"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2232
msgid "Paste clipboard at the cursor."
msgstr "クリップボードをカーソル位置に挿入。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2238
msgid "The center wheel on the modern wheel mouse is considered middle mouse button and can be used for middle-click.  Clicking left and right mouse buttons together serves as the middle-click under the 2 button mouse system situation.  In order to use a mouse in Linux character consoles, you need to have <literal>gpm</literal>(8) running as daemon."
msgstr "最近のホイールマウスの真ん中のホイールは中マウスボタンと見なされ、中クリックに使えます。2ボタンマウス状況では左右のボタンの同時押しが中クリックとして使えます。Linuxの文字コンソールでマウスを使うには<literal>gpm</literal>(8)をデーモンで実行する必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2241
msgid "The pager"
msgstr "ページャ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2242
msgid "<literal>less</literal>(1) is the enhanced pager (file content browser).  Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" for help.  It can do much more than <literal>more</literal>(1) and can be supercharged by executing \"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\" in the shell startup script. See more in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\".  The \"<literal>-R</literal>\" option allows raw character output and enables ANSI color escape sequences.  See <literal>less</literal>(1)."
msgstr "<literal>less</literal>(1)は機能拡張されたページャ(ファイル内容のブラウザ)です。\"<literal>h</literal>\" と入力するとヘルプが表示されます。これは、<literal>more</literal>(1) よりもはるかに機能があり、\"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\"または\"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\"とシェルの開始スクリプト中で実行することで更に機能拡充されます。詳しくは、\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\"を参照下さい。\"<literal>-R</literal>\"オプションを用いると生の option allows raw文字出力が許可され、ANSIカラーエスケープシーケンスが有効になります。<literal>less</literal>(1)参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2245
msgid "The text editor"
msgstr "テキストエディタ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2246
msgid "You should become proficient in one of variants of <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> programs which are popular in the Unix-like system."
msgstr "Unix的システムで人気のある、<ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>か<ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink>プログラムのいずれかのバリアントに習熟するべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2247
msgid "I think getting used to Vim commands is the right thing to do, since Vi-editor is always there in the Linux/Unix world.  (Actually, original <literal>vi</literal> or new <literal>nvi</literal> are programs you find everywhere.  I chose Vim instead for newbie since it offers you help through <literal>F1</literal> key while it is similar enough and more powerful.)"
msgstr "著者としてはVimコマンドに慣れることは正しいことだと考えています。なぜならViエディタはLinux/Unixの世界では必ず存在するからです。(実際はオリジナルの<literal>vi</literal>か、新しい<literal>nvi</literal>がどこででも見つけられるプログラムです。これにもかかわらずVimを著者が初心者のために選んだのは、より強力かつ動作が充分似ているのと、<literal>F1</literal>キーを通じてヘルプが表示されるからです。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2248
msgid "If you chose either <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> instead as your choice of the editor, that is another good choice indeed, particularly for programming.  Emacs has a plethora of other features as well, including functioning as a newsreader, directory editor, mail program, etc..  When used for programming or editing shell scripts, it intelligently recognizes the format of what you are working on, and tries to provide assistance.  Some people maintain that the only program they need on Linux is Emacs.  Ten minutes learning Emacs now can save hours later.  Having the GNU Emacs manual for reference when learning Emacs is highly recommended."
msgstr "これとは違い、<ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink>か<ulink url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink>をエディタとして選ぶのも、特にプログラムをするには、非常に良い選択です。Emacsには、ニュースリーダ機能、ディレクトリの編集機能、メール機能他の、過多な機能があります。プログラミングやシェルスクリプトの編集に使うときは、作業中のフォーマットをインテリジェントに認識し助力をしようとします。Linux上で必要なプログラムはEmacsだけと考える人もいます。Emacsを今10分間学ぶことは将来何時間もの節約になります。Emacsを学ぶ際にはGNUのEmacsマニュアルを持っておくことを高く推薦します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2249
msgid "All these programs usually come with tutoring program for you to learn them by practice.  Start Vim by typing \"<literal>vim</literal>\" and press F1-key.  You should at least read the first 35 lines.  Then do the online training course by moving cursor to \"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\" and pressing <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>."
msgstr "これら全てのプログラムには練習しながら学べるようにチュータリングプログラムが普通付いてきます。Vimを\"<literal>vim</literal>\"とタイプして起動し、F1キーを押しましょう。最初の35行を読みましょう。カーソルを\"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\"に移動し<literal>Ctrl-]</literal>を押してオンラインの訓練コースを始めましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2251
msgid "Good editors, such as Vim and Emacs, can be used to handle UTF-8 and other exotic encoding texts correctly with proper option in the x-terminal-emulator on X under UTF-8 locale with proper font settings.  Please refer to their documentation on multibyte text."
msgstr "VimやEmacsのような良いエディタは、正しいフォント設定がされたUTF-8ロケールの下の正しいオプションを使ったx-terminal-emulatorを使うと、UTF-8や他のエギゾチックなエンコーディングのテキストを正しく扱えます。マルチバイトテキストに関するそれぞれの文書を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2255
msgid "Setting a default text editor"
msgstr "デフォルトのテキストエディタの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2256
msgid "Debian comes with a number of different editors. We recommend to install the <literal>vim</literal> package, as mentioned above."
msgstr "Debianにはいくつかの異なったエディタがあります。上述のように<literal>vim</literal>パッケージをインストールすることを推薦します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2257
msgid "Debian provides unified access to the system default editor via command \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\" so other programs (e.g., <literal>reportbug</literal>(1)) can invoke it.  You can change it by:"
msgstr "Debianではシステムのデフォルトのエディタへの統一されたアクセスを\"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\"コマンドを通じて提供しているので、他のプログラム(例えば<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)等)が起動できます。設定変更は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2258
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"
msgstr "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2259
msgid "The choice \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\" over \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>\" is my recommendation for newbies since it supports syntax highlighting."
msgstr "著者が\"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>\"より\"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\"を初心者に推薦するのはシンタクスハイライトをサポートしているからです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2261
msgid "Many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use (see <xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  For the consistency on Debian system, set these to \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\". (Historically, \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" was \"<literal>ed</literal>\" and \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" was \"<literal>vi</literal>\".)"
msgstr "多くのプログラムは\"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\"か\"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\"という環境変数を使ってどのエディタを使うかを決めます(<xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/>と<xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>参照)。Debianシステムの整合性のために、これらを\"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\"と設定しましょう。(歴史的には\"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\"は\"<literal>ed</literal>\"で、\"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\"は\"<literal>vi</literal>\"でした。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2265
msgid "Customizing vim"
msgstr "Vimのカスタム化"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2266
msgid "You can customize <literal>vim</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\".  For example, I use:"
msgstr "<literal>vim</literal>(1)の挙動は\"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\"を使ってカスタマイズできます。例えば著者は次を使ってます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2267
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\" -------------------------------\n"
"\" Local configuration\n"
"\"\n"
"set nocompatible\n"
"set nopaste\n"
"set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
"syn on\n"
"if $USER == \"root\"\n"
" set nomodeline\n"
" set noswapfile\n"
"else\n"
" set modeline\n"
" set swapfile\n"
"endif\n"
"\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
"\" filler\n"
"\" filler"
msgstr ""
"\" -------------------------------\n"
"\" Local configuration\n"
"\"\n"
"set nocompatible\n"
"set nopaste\n"
"set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
"syn on\n"
"if $USER == \"root\"\n"
" set nomodeline\n"
" set noswapfile\n"
"else\n"
" set modeline\n"
" set swapfile\n"
"endif\n"
"\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
"\" filler\n"
"\" filler"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2286
msgid "Recording the shell activities"
msgstr "シェル活動の記録"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2287
msgid "The output of the shell command may roll off your screen and may be lost forever.  It is good practice to log shell activities into the file for you to review them later.  This kind of record is essential when you perform any system administration tasks."
msgstr "シェルコマンドの出力はスクリーンから押し出されると永久に無くなってしまうかもしれません。シェルでの活動を後で見直せるようにファイルに記録しておくのは良いことです。この種の記録は何らかのシステム管理作業をする際には非常に重要です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2288
msgid "The basic method of recording the shell activity is to run it under <literal>script</literal>(1)."
msgstr "シェル活動の記録の基本方法は<literal>script</literal>(1)の下で実行することです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2289
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18583
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ script\n"
"Script started, file is typescript"
msgstr ""
"$ script\n"
"Script started, file is typescript"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2294
msgid "do whatever shell commands …"
msgstr "何らかのシェルコマンドの実行 …"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2299
msgid "press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>を押して<literal>script</literal>から脱出。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2303
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim typescript"
msgstr "$ vim typescript"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2304
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/>参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2307
msgid "Basic Unix commands"
msgstr "基本Unixコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2308
msgid "Let's learn basic Unix commands.  Here I use \"Unix\" in its generic sense.  Any Unix clone OSs usually offer equivalent commands.  The Debian system is no exception.  Do not worry if some commands do not work as you wish now. If <literal>alias</literal> is used in the shell, its corresponding command outputs are different.  These examples are not meant to be executed in this order."
msgstr "基本的Unixコマンドを学びましょう。ここでは一般的意味で\"Unix\"を使っています。いかなるUnixクローンのOSも等価なコマンドを提供します。Debianシステムも例外ではありません。今一部コマンドが思うように機能しなくても心配しないで下さい。<literal>エアリアス</literal>がシェルで使われた場合は、対応するコマンドの出力は変わります。次は順番に実行すると言う意味の例ではありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2309
msgid "Try all following commands from the non-privileged user account:"
msgstr "非特権ユーザのアカウントから次のコマンドを全て実行しましょう:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2311
msgid "List of basic Unix commands."
msgstr "基本のUnixコマンドのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2318
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5236
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6508
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9287
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9398
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11455
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12057
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12482
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13633
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15055
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17733
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18804
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20931
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21902
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23883
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24087
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24269
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25748
msgid "command"
msgstr "コマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2328
msgid "<literal>pwd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pwd</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2331
msgid "Display name of current/working directory."
msgstr "カレント/ワーキングディレクトリの名前を表示。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2336
msgid "<literal>whoami</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>whoami</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2339
msgid "Display current user name."
msgstr "現在のユーザ名を表示。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2344
msgid "<literal>id</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>id</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2347
msgid "Display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups)."
msgstr "現在のユーザのアイデンティティ(名前とuidとgidと関連するgroup)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2352
msgid "<literal>file &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>file &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2355
msgid "Display a type of file for the file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"ファイルのファイルタイプを表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2360
msgid "<literal>type -p &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>type -p &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2363
msgid "Display a file location of command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"コマンドのファイルの位置を表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2368
msgid "<literal>which &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>which &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2371
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2395
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5828
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5836
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5844
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5852
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10353
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10366
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10379
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10392
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10405
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10418
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10444
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10457
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10509
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10522
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10548
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10561
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10600
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10613
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10639
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10652
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10665
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10691
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10704
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10730
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10743
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10756
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10769
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10782
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10795
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10808
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10821
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10834
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10847
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10860
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10873
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10899
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10912
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11522
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13140
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13150
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13160
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13170
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14697
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14722
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14734
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14896
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14906
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14917
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14939
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14950
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14961
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15298
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15363
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15366
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15389
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15392
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15402
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15415
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15418
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15543
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15582
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15608
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15611
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15621
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15646
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15649
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15685
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15698
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17802
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17812
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17822
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17882
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17912
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17922
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24108
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24148
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24172
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24196
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24220
msgid ", ,"
msgstr ", ,"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2376
msgid "<literal>type &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>type &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2379
msgid "Display information on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"コマンドに関する情報を表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2384
msgid "<literal>apropos &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apropos &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2387
msgid "Find commands related to \"<literal>&lt;key-word&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;key-word&gt;</literal>\"に関連したコマンドを見つける。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2392
msgid "<literal>man -k &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>man -k &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2400
msgid "<literal>whatis &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>whatis &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2403
msgid "Display one line explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"コマンドに関する1行の説明を表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2408
msgid "<literal>man -a &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>man -a &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2411
msgid "Display explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\". (Unix style)"
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"コマンドに関する説明を表示する。(Unixスタイル)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2416
msgid "<literal>info &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>info &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2419
msgid "Display rather long explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\". (GNU style)"
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"コマンドに関する比較的長い説明を表示する。(GNUスタイル)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2424
msgid "<literal>ls</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2427
msgid "List contents of directory.  (non-dot files and directories)"
msgstr "ディレクトリの内容をリストする。(非ドットファイルおよびディレクトリ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2432
msgid "<literal>ls -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -a</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2435
msgid "List contents of directory.  (all files and directories)"
msgstr "ディレクトリの内容をリストする。(全ファイルおよびディレクトリ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2440
msgid "<literal>ls -A</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -A</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2443
msgid "List contents of directory.  (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip \"<literal>..</literal>\" and \"<literal>.</literal>\")"
msgstr "ディレクトリの内容をリストする。(ほとんど全ファイルおよびディレクトリ、\"<literal>..</literal>\"と\"<literal>.</literal>\"をスキップ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2448
msgid "<literal>ls -la</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -la</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2451
msgid "List all contents of directory with detail information."
msgstr "ディレクトリの内容を詳細情報とともにリストする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2456
msgid "<literal>ls -lai</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -lai</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2459
msgid "List all contents of directory with inode number and detail information."
msgstr "ディレクトリの内容をinode番号と詳細情報とともにリストする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2464
msgid "<literal>ls -d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -d</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2467
msgid "List all directories under the current directory."
msgstr "現ディレクトリの中の全ディレクトリをリストする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2472
msgid "<literal>tree</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tree</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2475
msgid "Display file tree contents."
msgstr "ファイルツリーの内容を表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2480
msgid "<literal>lsof &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lsof &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2483
msgid "List open status of file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"ファイルのオープンの状態をリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2488
msgid "<literal>lsof -p &lt;pid&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lsof -p &lt;pid&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2491
msgid "List files opened by the process ID: \"<literal>&lt;pid&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "プロセスID: \"<literal>&lt;pid&gt;</literal>\"によってオープンされたファイルをリストする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2496
msgid "<literal>mkdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mkdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2499
msgid "Make a new directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current directory."
msgstr "現ディレクトリ中に\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"という新規ディレクトリを作る。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2504
msgid "<literal>rmdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>rmdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2507
msgid "Remove a directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current directory."
msgstr "現ディレクトリ中の\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"というディレクトリを削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2512
msgid "<literal>cd &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2515
msgid "Change directory to the directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current directory or in the directory listed in the variable \"<literal>$CDPATH</literal>\"."
msgstr "現ディレクトリ中もしくは\"<literal>$CDPATH</literal>\"変数中にリストされたディレクトリ中の\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"というディレクトリにディレクトリを変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2520
msgid "<literal>cd /</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd /</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2523
msgid "Change directory to the root directory."
msgstr "ディレクトリをrootディレクトリに変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2528
msgid "<literal>cd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2531
msgid "Change directory to the current user's home directory."
msgstr "現在のユーザのホームディレクトリにディレクトリを変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2536
msgid "<literal>cd /&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd /&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2539
msgid "Change directory to the absolute path directory \"<literal>/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "絶対ディレクトリパス\"<literal>/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"にディレクトリを変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2544
msgid "<literal>cd ..</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd ..</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2547
msgid "Change directory to the parent directory."
msgstr "親ディレクトリにディレクトリを変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2552
msgid "<literal>cd ~&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd ~&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2555
msgid "Change directory to the home directory of the user \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "ユーザ\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"のホームディレクトリにディレクトリを変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2560
msgid "<literal>cd -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd -</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2563
msgid "Change directory to the previous directory."
msgstr "一つ前のディレクトリにディレクトリを変更する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2568
msgid "<literal>&lt;/etc/motd pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;/etc/motd pager</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2571
msgid "Display contents of \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" using the default pager."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\"の内容をデフォルトのページャで表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2576
msgid "<literal>touch &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>touch &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2579
msgid "Create a empty file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "空ファイル\"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\"を作成する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2584
msgid "<literal>cp &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cp &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2587
msgid "Copy a existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new file \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を新規ファイル\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"にコピーする。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2592
msgid "<literal>rm &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>rm &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2595
msgid "Remove a file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "ファイル\"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\"を削除する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2600
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2608
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2603
msgid "Rename an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new name \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\". The directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must not exist."
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"の名前を新しい名前\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"に変更する。ディレクトリ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"が存在してはいけません。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2611
msgid "Move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\". The directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist."
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を新しい場所\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"に移動する。ディレクトリ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"が存在しなければいけない。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2616
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2619
msgid "Move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location with a new name \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\".  The directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist but the directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\" must not exist."
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を新しい場所の新しい名前のファイル\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\"に移動する。ディレクトリ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"が存在しなければいけないが、ディレクトリ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\"は存在してはいけない。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2624
msgid "<literal>chmod 600 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chmod 600 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2627
msgid "Make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be non-readable and non-writable by the other people.  (non-executable for all)"
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を他の人から読みも書きもできないようにする。(全ての人にとって実行不可)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2632
msgid "<literal>chmod 644 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chmod 644 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2635
msgid "Make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but non-writable by the other people.  (non-executable for all)"
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を他の人からは読めるが書けるようにする。(全ての人にとって実行不可)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2640
msgid "<literal>chmod 755 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chmod 755 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2643
msgid "Make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but non-writable by the other people.  (executable for all)"
msgstr "既存のファイル\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を他の人からは読めるが書けるようにする。(全ての人にとって実行可能)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2648
msgid "<literal>find .  -name &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>find .  -name &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2651
msgid "find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\". (slower)"
msgstr "シェルで\"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\"にマッチするファイル名を探す。(比較的遅い)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2656
msgid "<literal>locate -d .  &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>locate -d .  &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2659
msgid "find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\". (quicker using regularly generated database)"
msgstr "シェルで\"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\"にマッチするファイル名を探す。(定期的に生成されるデータベースを使い比較的早い)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2664
msgid "<literal>grep -e \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" *.html</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>grep -e \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" *.html</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2667
msgid "Find a \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" in all files ending with \"<literal>.html</literal>\" in current directory and display them all."
msgstr "現ディレクトリにある\"<literal>.html</literal>\"で終わる全ファイルから\"&lt;pattern&gt;\"のパターンを検索し、該当する全ファイルを表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2672
msgid "<literal>top</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>top</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2675
msgid "Display process information using full screen.  Type \"<literal>q</literal>\" to quit."
msgstr "フルスクリーンを用いてプロセス情報を表示する。\"<literal>q</literal>\"を押して終了する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2680
msgid "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2683
msgid "Display information on all the running processes using BSD style output."
msgstr "起動中の全プロセスの情報をBSDスタイルの出力を用いて表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2688
msgid "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2691
msgid "Display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style output."
msgstr "起動中の全プロセスの情報をSystem-Vスタイルの出力を用いて表示。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2696
msgid "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2699
msgid "Display all processes running \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr " \"<literal>exim</literal>\"もしくは\"<literal>exim4</literal>\"の起動中の全プロセスを表示。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2704
msgid "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2707
msgid "Display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output."
msgstr "起動中の全プロセスの情報をASCIIアート出力を用いて表示。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2712
msgid "<literal>kill &lt;1234&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>kill &lt;1234&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2715
msgid "Kill a process identified by the process ID: \"&lt;1234&gt;\"."
msgstr "プロセスID\"&lt;1234&gt;\"により識別されるプロセスを殺す。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2720
msgid "<literal>gzip &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gzip &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2723
msgid "Compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)."
msgstr "Lempel-Zivコーディング(LZ77)を用いて\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を圧縮し\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\"を作成する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2728
msgid "<literal>gunzip &lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gunzip &lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2731
msgid "Decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\"を解凍して\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を作成する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2736
msgid "<literal>bzip2 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>bzip2 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2739
msgid "Compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.  (Better compression than <literal>gzip</literal>)"
msgstr "Burrows-Wheelerブロックソートテキスト圧縮アルゴリズムとHuffmanコーディングを用いて\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を圧縮し\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\"を作成する。(gzipより高圧縮率)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2744
msgid "<literal>bunzip2 &lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>bunzip2 &lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2747
msgid "Decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\"を解凍して\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"を作成する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2752
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2755
msgid "Extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\"アーカイブからファイルを展開する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2760
msgid "<literal>tar -xvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2763
msgid "Extract files from gzipped \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive."
msgstr "gzip圧縮された\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\"アーカイブからファイルを展開する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2768
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf -j &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvf -j &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2771
msgid "Extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\"アーカイブからファイルを展開する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2776
msgid "<literal>tar -cvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2779
msgid "Archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive."
msgstr "フォルダ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\"の内容を\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\"アーカイブにアーカイブする。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2784
msgid "<literal>tar -cvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2787
msgid "Archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in compressed \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive."
msgstr "フォルダ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\"の内容を\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\"アーカイブに圧縮アーカイブする。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2792
msgid "<literal>tar -cvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2 &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2 &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2795
msgid "Archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive."
msgstr "フォルダ\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\"の内容を\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\"アーカイブに圧縮アーカイブする。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2800
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2803
msgid "Display contents of compressed \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" using the default pager."
msgstr "標準のページャを用いて圧縮された\"<literal>README.gz</literal>\"の内容を表示する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2808
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2811
msgid "Create a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>README.gz</literal>\"の内容を解凍してファイル\"<literal>foo</literal>\"を作成する。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2816
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2819
msgid "Append the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" to the end of the file \"<literal>foo</literal>\".  (If it does not exist, create it first.)"
msgstr "圧縮された \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\"の内容をファイル\"<literal>foo</literal>\"の末尾に追加する。(ファイルが存在しない場合は事前に作成される。) "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2826
msgid "Unix has a tradition to hide filenames which start with \"<literal>.</literal>\".  They are traditionally files that contain configuration information and user preferences."
msgstr "Unixは\"<literal>.</literal>\"で始まるファイル名を隠す伝統があります。それらは伝統的には特定の設定情報やユーザの嗜好を含むファイルです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2829
msgid "For <literal>cd</literal> command, see <literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
msgstr "<literal>cd</literal>コマンドに関しては<literal>builtins</literal>(7)を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2832
msgid "The default pager of the bare bone Debian system is <literal>more</literal>(1) which cannot scroll back.  By installing the <literal>less</literal> package using command line \"<literal>aptitude install less</literal>\", <literal>less</literal>(1) becomes default pager and you can scroll back with cursor keys."
msgstr "最小限のDebianシステムのデフォルトのページャは<literal>more</literal>(1)で、スクロールバックができません。<literal>less</literal>パッケージを\"<literal>aptitude install less</literal>\"と言うコマンドラインでインストールすると、<literal>less</literal>(1)が デフォルトのページャになりカーソルキーでスクロールバック出来るようになります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2835
msgid "The \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the regular expression of the \"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" command above enable <literal>grep</literal> to avoid matching itself.  The \"<literal>4*</literal>\" in the regular expression means 0 or more repeats of character \"<literal>4</literal>\" thus enables <literal>grep</literal> to match both \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\".  Although \"<literal>*</literal>\" is used in the shell filename glob and the regular expression, their meanings are different.  Learn the regular expression from <literal>grep</literal>(1)."
msgstr "上記の\"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\"コマンド中に現れる正規表現中の\"<literal>[</literal>\"と\"<literal>]</literal>\"は<literal>grep</literal>が自分自身にマッチするのを避けることを可能とします。正規表現中の\"<literal>4*</literal>\"は数字\"<literal>4</literal>\"の0回以上の繰り返しを意味するので、<literal>grep</literal>が\"<literal>exim</literal>\"と\"<literal>exim4</literal>\"の両方にマッチすることが可能になります。 \"<literal>*</literal>\"はシェルのファイルネームのグロブでも正規表現ででも使われますが、これらの意味は異なります。<literal>grep</literal>(1)から正規表現を学びましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2837
msgid "Please traverse directories and peek into the system using the above commands as training.  If you have questions on any of console commands, please make sure to read the manual page.  For example, these commands are the good start:"
msgstr "上記のコマンドを訓練として用いて、ディレクトリを渡り歩き、システムの中を覗き込んでください。コンソールのコマンドに関して質問がある場合は、必ずマニュアルページを読んでみてください。例えば、これらのコマンドは良い開始点でしょう:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2838
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ man man\n"
"$ man bash\n"
"$ man builtins\n"
"$ man grep\n"
"$ man ls"
msgstr ""
"$ man man\n"
"$ man bash\n"
"$ man builtins\n"
"$ man grep\n"
"$ man ls"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2843
msgid "The style of man pages may be a little hard to get used to, because they are rather terse, particularly the older, very traditional ones. But once you get used to it, you come to appreciate their succinctness."
msgstr "マンページのスタイルは慣れるのに少々大変かもしれません。なぜなら特に比較的古い非常に伝統的なマンページは比較的言葉が少ないからです。しかし一旦慣れるとその簡潔さの良さが分かります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2844
msgid "Please note that many Unix-like commands including ones from GNU and BSD will display brief help information if you invoke them in one of the following ways (or without any arguments in some cases):"
msgstr "GNUやBSD由来を含む多くのUnix的なコマンドは次のように起動すると簡単なヘルプ情報を表示します。(場合によっては一切の引数無しで):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2845
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; -h"
msgstr ""
"$ &lt;コマンド名&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;コマンド名&gt; -h"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2850
msgid "The simple shell command"
msgstr "シェルプロンプト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2851
msgid "Now you have some feel on how to use the Debian system.  Let's look deep into the mechanism of the command execution in the Debian system. Here, I have simplified reality for the newbie.  See <literal>bash</literal>(1) for the exact explanation."
msgstr "Debianシステムの使い方が少し分かったでしょう。Debianシステム上でのコマンド実行のメカニズムを掘り下げましょう。初心者のためにちょっと簡略化してみました。正確な説明は<literal>bash</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2852
msgid "A simple command is a sequence of:"
msgstr "シンプルなコマンドは、次のシーケンスとなります:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2856
msgid "variable assignments (optional)"
msgstr "変数代入(任意) "

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2861
msgid "command name"
msgstr "コマンド名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2866
msgid "arguments (optional)"
msgstr "引数(任意)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2871
msgid "redirections (optional: <literal>&gt;</literal> , <literal>&gt;&gt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;&lt;</literal> , etc.)"
msgstr "リダイレクト(任意:<literal>&gt;</literal>と<literal>&gt;&gt;</literal>と<literal>&lt;</literal>と<literal>&lt;&lt;</literal>等。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2876
msgid "control operator (optional: <literal>&amp;&amp;</literal> , <literal>||</literal> , &lt;newline&gt; , <literal>;</literal> , <literal>&amp;</literal> , <literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal> )"
msgstr "制御演算子(任意:<literal>&amp;&amp;</literal>と<literal>||</literal>と&lt;改行&gt;と<literal>;</literal>と<literal>&amp;</literal>と<literal>(</literal>と<literal>)</literal>)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2881
msgid "Command execution and environment variable"
msgstr "コマンド実行と環境変数"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2882
msgid "Values of some <ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">environment variables</ulink> change the behavior of some Unix commands."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">環境変数</ulink>の値はUnixコマンドの挙動を変えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2883
msgid "Default values of environment variables are initially set by the PAM system and then some of them may be reset by some application programs:"
msgstr "環境変数のデフォルト値はPAMシステムが初期設定されます。その後次のような何らかのアプリケーションプログラムにより再設定されているかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2887
msgid "the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>, and"
msgstr "<literal>gdm</literal>のようなディスプレイマネージャによって再設定される。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2892
msgid "the shell in its start up codes \"<literal>~/bash_profile</literal>\" and \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>~/bash_profile</literal>\"や\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"にあるシェル起動コードの中でシェルにより再設定される。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2897
msgid "\"$LANG\" variable"
msgstr "\"$LANG\"変数"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2898
msgid "The full locale value given to \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable consists of 3 parts: \"<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"変数に与えられる完全なロケール値は3つの部分からなります:\"<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\"。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2900
msgid "3 parts of locale value."
msgstr "ロケールの値の3つの部分"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2907
msgid "locale value"
msgstr "ロケールの値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2917
msgid "<literal>xx</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>xx</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2920
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639 language codes (lower case) such as \"en\"</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639言語コード(小文字)、例えば\"en\"</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2925
msgid "<literal>YY</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>YY</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2927
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166 country codes (upper case) such as \"US\"</ulink>　"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166国コード(大文字)、例えば\"US\"</ulink> "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2932
msgid "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2935
msgid "<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">codeset, always set to \"UTF-8\"</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">コードセット、常に\"UTF-8\"と設定</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2941
msgid "For language codes and country codes, see pertinent description in the \"<literal>info gettext</literal>\"."
msgstr "言語コードと国コードは\"<literal>info gettext</literal>\"中の該当記述を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2942
msgid "For the codeset on the modern Debian system, you should always set it to <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis> unless you specifically want to use the historic one with good reason and background knowledge."
msgstr "最近のDebianシステム上では、十分な理由と必要な知見をもって歴史的なコードセットを特段希望しない限り、常にコードセットを<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis>と設定すべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2943
msgid "For fine details of the locale configuration, see <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>."
msgstr "ロケールの詳細に関しては、<xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2945
msgid "The \"<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>\" is not \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" nor \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\". It is \"<literal>LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr "\"<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>\"は、\"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\"でも、\"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\"でもありません。それは\"<literal>LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1</literal>\"です(<xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2948
msgid "List of locale recommendations."
msgstr "推奨ロケールのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2955
msgid "Language (area)"
msgstr "言語(地域)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2958
msgid "locale recommendation"
msgstr "推奨ロケール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2965
msgid "English(USA)"
msgstr "英語(米国)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2968
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18692
msgid "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2973
msgid "English(Great_Britain)"
msgstr "英語(英国)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2976
msgid "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2981
msgid "French(France)"
msgstr "フランス語(フランス)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2984
msgid "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2989
msgid "German(Germany)"
msgstr "ドイツ語(ドイツ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2992
msgid "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2997
msgid "Italian(Italy)"
msgstr "イタリア語(イタリア)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3000
msgid "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3005
msgid "Spanish(Spain)"
msgstr "スペイン語(スペイン)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3008
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18703
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18735
msgid "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3013
msgid "Catalan(Spain)"
msgstr "カタラン語(スペイン)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3016
msgid "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3021
msgid "Swedish(Sweden)"
msgstr "スウェーデン語(スウェーデン)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3024
msgid "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3029
msgid "Portuguese(Brasil)"
msgstr "ポルトガル語(ブラジル)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3032
msgid "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3037
msgid "Russian(Russia)"
msgstr "ロシア語(ロシア)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3040
msgid "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3045
msgid "Chinese(P.R._of_China)"
msgstr "中国語(中華人民共和国)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3048
msgid "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3053
msgid "Chinese(Taiwan_R.O.C.)"
msgstr "中国語(台湾_R.O.C.)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3056
msgid "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3061
msgid "Japanese(Japan)"
msgstr "日本語(日本)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3064
msgid "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3069
msgid "Korean(Republic_of_Korea)"
msgstr "韓国語(大韓民国)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3072
msgid "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3077
msgid "Vietnamese(Vietnam)"
msgstr "ベトナム語(ベトナム)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3080
msgid "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3086
msgid "Typical command execution uses a shell line sequence like the following:"
msgstr "典型的なコマンドの実行は次のようなシェル行のシーケンスを用います:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3087
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Sun Jun  3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n"
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""
"$ date\n"
"Sun Jun  3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n"
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3091
msgid "Here, the program <literal>date</literal>(1) is executed in the foreground job.  The environment variable \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is:"
msgstr "以上で、<literal>date</literal>(1)プログラムはフォアグラウンドのジョブとして実行されます。環境変数\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3095
msgid "set to system default <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> (such as \"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" depending on your configuration) for the first command, and"
msgstr "最初のコマンドに関しては、システムのデフォルト<ulink url=\"&locale;\">ロケール</ulink>(設定次第ですがここでは\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\")に設定されています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3100
msgid "set to \"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\" (French UTF-8 <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> assuming it is available on your system) for the second command."
msgstr "2番目のコマンドに関しては、\"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\"(システム上に存在すればフランス語のUTF-8<ulink url=\"&locale;\">ロケール</ulink>)に設定されています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3104
msgid "Most command executions usually do not have preceding environment variable definition.  For the above example, you can alternatively execute:"
msgstr "ほとんどのコマンド実行は頭に環境変数定義をつけないのが普通です。上記の例の代わりに次のように実行します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3105
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n"
"$ date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n"
"$ date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3108
msgid "As you can see here, the output of command is affected by the environment variable to produce French output.  If you want the environment variable to be inherited to subprocesses (e.g., when calling shell script), you need to \"export\" it instead by using:"
msgstr "ここで確認できるように、コマンドの出力は環境変数に影響されフランス語の出力となっています。もし環境変数を(例えばシェルスクリプトを呼んでいて)サブプロセスに引き継ぎたい際には、次のように環境変数を\"export\"(エクスポート)しなければいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3109
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ export LANG"
msgstr "$ export LANG"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3111
msgid "When filing a bug report, running and checking the command under \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" is good idea if you use non-English environment."
msgstr "バグ報告をする際には、非英語環境を使っているなら、プログラムを\"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\"の下で実行し確認することが望ましいです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3113
msgid "See <literal>locale</literal>(5) and <literal>locale</literal>(7) for \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" and related environment variables."
msgstr "\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"とこれに関連した環境変数に関しては、<literal>locale</literal>(5)と<literal>locale</literal>(7)を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3115
msgid "I recommend you to configure the system environment just by the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable and to stay away from \"<literal>$LC_*</literal>\" variables unless it is absolutely needed."
msgstr "特段必要がなければ\"<literal>$LC_*</literal>\"変数を避けて、\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"変数のみを用いてシステム環境設定する事をお薦めします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3119
msgid "\"$PATH\" variable"
msgstr "\"$PATH\"変数"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3120
msgid "When you type a command into the shell, the shell searches the command in the list of directories contained in the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable.  The value of the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable is also called the shell's search path."
msgstr "シェルにコマンドを打ち込んだ際に、シェルは\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\"環境変数にリストされたディレクトリのリストから検索します。\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\"環境変数の値は、シェルの検索パスとも呼ばれます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3121
msgid "In the default Debian installation, the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of user accounts may not include \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/sbin</literal>\".  For example, the <literal>ifconfig</literal> command needs to be issued with full path as \"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\". (Similar <literal>ip</literal> command is located in \"<literal>/bin</literal>\".)"
msgstr "標準のDebianインストールでは、ユーザアカウントの\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\"環境変数には\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\"や\"<literal>/usr/sbin</literal>\"が含まれないかもしれません。例えば、<literal>ifconfig</literal>コマンドは\"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\"とフルパスを使って実行する必要があります。(類似の<literal>ip</literal>コマンドは\"<literal>/bin</literal>\"にあります。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3122
msgid "You can change the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of Bash shell by \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" files."
msgstr "Bashシェルの\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\"環境変数は、\"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\"か\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"ファイルで変更できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3125
msgid "\"$HOME\" variable"
msgstr "\"$HOME\"変数"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3126
msgid "Many commands stores user specific configuration in the home directory and changes their behavior by their contents.  The home directory is identified by the environment variable \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\":"
msgstr "多くのコマンドはユーザ特定の設定をホームディレクトリに保存し、その内容でコマンドの挙動が変わります。ホームディレクトリは\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"環境変数で指定されます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3128
msgid "List of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" values."
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"の値のリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3135
msgid "program execution situation"
msgstr "プログラム実行状況"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3138
msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"の値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3145
msgid "program run by the init process (daemon)"
msgstr "initプロセスが実行するプログラム(デーモン)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3153
msgid "program run from the normal root shell"
msgstr "通常のrootシェルから実行されるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3156
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3188
msgid "<literal>/root</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/root</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3161
msgid "program run from the normal user shell"
msgstr "通常のユーザシェルから実行されるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3164
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3172
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3180
msgid "<literal>/home/&lt;normal_user&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/home/&lt;normal_user&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3169
msgid "program run from the normal user GUI desktop menu"
msgstr "通常のユーザのGUIデスクトップメニューから実行されるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3177
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo program</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>sudo program</literal>\"を用いてrootとして実行されるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3185
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\"を用いてrootとして実行されるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3195
msgid "Shell expands \"<literal>~/</literal>\" to current user’s home directory, i.e., \"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\". Shell expands \"<literal>~foo/</literal>\" to <literal>foo</literal>'s home directory, i.e., \"<literal>/home/foo/</literal>\"."
msgstr "シェルは、\"<literal>~/</literal>\"を現ユーザのホームディレクトリである\"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\"へと展開します。シェルは、\"<literal>~foo/</literal>\"をユーザ<literal>foo</literal>のホームディレクトリである\"<literal>/home/foo/</literal>\"へと展開します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3200
msgid "Command line options"
msgstr "コマンドラインオプション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3201
msgid "Some commands take arguments.  Arguments starting with \"<literal>-</literal>\" or \"<literal>--</literal>\" are called options and control the behavior of the command."
msgstr "プログラムコマンドによっては引数があります。引数は\"<literal>-</literal>\"か\"<literal>--</literal>\"で始まり、オプションと呼ばれ、コマンドの挙動をコントロールします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3202
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n"
"$ date -R\n"
"Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100"
msgstr ""
"$ date\n"
"Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n"
"$ date -R\n"
"Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3206
msgid "Here the command-line argument \"<literal>-R</literal>\" changes <literal>date</literal>(1) behavior to output <ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink> compliant date string."
msgstr "上記で、コマンドライン引数\"<literal>-R</literal>\"が<literal>date</literal>(1)の挙動を<ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink>準拠の日付文字列出力と変えています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3209
msgid "Shell glob"
msgstr "シェルグロブ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3210
msgid "Often you want a command to work with a group of files without typing all of them.  The filename expansion pattern using the shell <emphasis role=\"strong\">glob</emphasis>, (sometimes referred as <emphasis role=\"strong\">wildcards</emphasis>), facilitate this need."
msgstr "ファイル名を全てタイプせずにファイルのグループをコマンド処理したいことがよくあります。シェルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">グロブ</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">ワイルドカード</emphasis>とも時々呼ばれる)を用いたファイル名のパターン展開を用いるとこのニーズに答えられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3212
msgid "Shell glob patterns."
msgstr "シェルグロブパターン"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3219
msgid "shell glob pattern"
msgstr "シェルグロブパターン"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3222
msgid "match"
msgstr "マッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3229
msgid "<literal>*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>*</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3232
msgid "This matches filename (segment) not started with \"<literal>.</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>.</literal>\"で始まらない任意のファイル(部分)名にマッチする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3237
msgid "<literal>.*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.*</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3240
msgid "This matches filename (segment) started with \"<literal>.</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>.</literal>\"で始まる任意のファイル(部分)名にマッチする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3245
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5537
msgid "<literal>?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>?</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3248
msgid "This matches exactly one character."
msgstr "任意の 1 文字にマッチする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3253
msgid "<literal>[…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[…]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3256
msgid "This matches exactly one character with any character enclosed in brackets."
msgstr "括弧中の 1 文字にマッチする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3261
msgid "<literal>[a-z]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3264
msgid "This matches exactly one character with any character between \"<literal>a</literal>\" and \"<literal>z</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>a</literal>\"と\"<literal>z</literal>\"の範囲にある文字とマッチする。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3269
msgid "<literal>[^…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[^…]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3272
msgid "This matches exactly one character other than any character enclosed in brackets (excluding \"<literal>^</literal>\")."
msgstr "括弧内( \"<literal>^</literal>\"以外)に含まれる文字以外の文字にマッチ。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3278
msgid "For example, try the following and think for yourself:"
msgstr "例えば、次の例を試してみて、自分で考えてみましょう:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3279
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mkdir junk; cd junk; .[^.]*touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo *.txt\n"
"1.txt 2.txt\n"
"$ echo *\n"
"1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo *.[hc]\n"
"3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo .*\n"
". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo .*[^.]*\n"
".5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo [^1-3]*\n"
"4.h\n"
"$ cd ..; rm -rf junk"
msgstr ""
"$ mkdir junk; cd junk; .[^.]*touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo *.txt\n"
"1.txt 2.txt\n"
"$ echo *\n"
"1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo *.[hc]\n"
"3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo .*\n"
". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo .*[^.]*\n"
".5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo [^1-3]*\n"
"4.h\n"
"$ cd ..; rm -rf junk"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3293
msgid "See <literal>glob</literal>(7) for more."
msgstr "詳細は<literal>glob</literal>(7)を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3295
msgid "Unlike normal filename expansion by the shell, the shell pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" tested in <literal>find</literal>(1) with \"<literal>-name</literal>\" test etc., matches the initial \"<literal>.</literal>\" of the filename. (New <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> feature)"
msgstr "通常のシェルのファイル名の展開と違い、<literal>find</literal>(1)が\"<literal>-name</literal>\"テスト他でシェルパターン\"<literal>*</literal>\"をテストする際にはファイル名先頭の\"<literal>.</literal>\"ともマッチします。(新<ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink>機能)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3298
msgid "BASH can be tweaked to change its glob behavior with its shopt builtin options such as \"<literal>dotglob</literal>\", \"<literal>noglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nullglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>extglob</literal>\", etc.  See <literal>bash</literal>(1)."
msgstr "BASHはshopt組み込みオプションで\"<literal>dotglob</literal>\"や\"<literal>noglob</literal>\"や\"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\"や\"<literal>nullglob</literal>\"や\"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\"や\"<literal>extglob</literal>\"などとすることでグロブ挙動を色々変更できます。<literal>bash</literal>(1)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3302
msgid "Return value of the command"
msgstr "コマンドの戻り値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3303
msgid "Each command returns its exit status (variable: \"<literal>$?</literal>\") as the return value."
msgstr "各コマンドは終了ステータスを戻り値(変数:\"<literal>$?</literal>\")として返します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3305
msgid "Command exit codes."
msgstr "コマンドの終了コード。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3313
msgid "command exit status"
msgstr "コマンドの終了状態"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3316
msgid "numeric return value"
msgstr "戻り値の数値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3319
msgid "logical return value"
msgstr "戻り値の論理値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3326
msgid "success"
msgstr "成功"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3329
msgid "zero, 0"
msgstr "ゼロ、0"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3332
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">真</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3337
msgid "error"
msgstr "失敗"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3340
msgid "non-zero, -1"
msgstr "非ゼロ、-1"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3343
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FALSE</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">偽</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3349
msgid "Thus:"
msgstr "つまり:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3350
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n"
"0\n"
"$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n"
"1"
msgstr ""
"$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n"
"0\n"
"$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n"
"1"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3355
msgid "Please note that, in the logical context for the shell, <emphasis role=\"strong\">success</emphasis> is treated as the logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis> which has 0 (zero) as its value.  This is somewhat non-intuitive and needs to be reminded here."
msgstr "シェルの論理的な観点では、<emphasis role=\"strong\">成功</emphasis>は、0(ゼロ)の値を持つ論理的<emphasis role=\"strong\">真</emphasis>として扱われることに注意してください。少々これは非直感的なのでここで再確認する必要があります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3359
msgid "Typical command sequences and shell redirection"
msgstr "典型的なコマンドシーケンスとシェルリディレクション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3360
msgid "Let's try to remember following shell command idioms."
msgstr "次に挙げるシェルコマンドの慣用句を覚えてみましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3362
msgid "Shell command idioms."
msgstr "シェルコマンドの慣用句。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3369
msgid "command idiom (type in one line)"
msgstr "コマンドの慣用句(1行入力)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3379
msgid "<literal>command &amp;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &amp;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3382
msgid "The <literal>command</literal> is executed in the subshell in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">background</emphasis>."
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>は<emphasis role=\"strong\">バックグラウンド</emphasis>でサブシェルの中で実行されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3387
msgid "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3390
msgid "The standard output of <literal>command1</literal> is piped to the standard input of <literal>command2</literal> .  Both commands may be running <emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrently</emphasis>."
msgstr "<literal>command1</literal>の標準出力が<literal>command2</literal>の標準入力に継ぎ込まれます。両方のコマンドが<emphasis role=\"strong\">同時進行</emphasis>で実行されるかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3395
msgid "<literal>command1 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3398
msgid "Both standard output and standard error of <literal>command1</literal> are piped to the standard input of <literal>command2</literal>.  Both commands may be running <emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrently</emphasis>."
msgstr "<literal>command1</literal>の標準出力と標準エラー出力が<literal>command2</literal>の標準入力に継ぎ込まれます。両方のコマンドが<emphasis role=\"strong\">同時進行</emphasis>で実行されるかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3403
msgid "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3406
msgid "The <literal>command1</literal> and <literal>command2</literal> are executed <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>."
msgstr "<literal>command1</literal>を実行し、<emphasis role=\"strong\">後に続いて</emphasis><literal>command2</literal>が実行されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3411
msgid "<literal>command1 &amp;&amp; command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 &amp;&amp; command2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3414
msgid "The <literal>command1</literal> is executed.  If successful, <literal>command2</literal> is also executed <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>.  Return success if both <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">and</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful."
msgstr "<literal>command1</literal>が実行されます。もし成功したら、<emphasis role=\"strong\">後に続いて</emphasis><literal>command2</literal>が実行されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3419
msgid "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3422
msgid "The <literal>command1</literal> is executed.  If not successful, <literal>command2</literal> is also executed <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>.  Return success if <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">or</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful."
msgstr "<literal>command1</literal>が実行されます。もし成功しなかったら、<emphasis role=\"strong\">後に続いて</emphasis><literal>command2</literal>が実行されます。<literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">か</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal>のどちらかが正常終了した場合に正常終了を返します。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3427
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &gt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3430
msgid "Redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (overwrite)"
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準出力を<literal>foo</literal>ファイルにリダイレクト (上書き) します。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3435
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command 2&gt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3438
msgid "Redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (overwrite)"
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準エラー出力を<literal>foo</literal>ファイルにリダイレクト (上書き) します。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3443
msgid "<literal>command &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3446
msgid "Redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (append)"
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準出力を<literal>foo</literal>ファイルにリダイレクト (追記) します。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3451
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command 2&gt;&gt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3454
msgid "Redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (append)"
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準エラー出力を<literal>foo</literal>ファイルにリダイレクト (追記) します。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3459
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo 2&gt;&amp;1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &gt; foo 2&gt;&amp;1</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3462
msgid "Redirect both standard output and standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準出力と標準エラー出力を<literal>foo</literal>ファイルにリダイレクトします。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3467
msgid "<literal>command &lt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &lt; foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3470
msgid "Redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準入力を<literal>foo</literal>ファイルからリダイレクトします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3475
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt; delimiter</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &lt;&lt; delimiter</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3478
msgid "Redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met.  (Here documents)"
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準入力を\"<literal>終端文字列</literal>\"に出会うまでのこれに続く行からリダイレクトします。(ヒアドキュメント)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3483
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt;- delimiter</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &lt;&lt;- 終端文字列</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3486
msgid "Redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met.  The leading tab characters are stripped from input lines. (Here documents)"
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>の標準入力を\"<literal>終端文字列</literal>\"に出会うまでのこれに続く行からリダイレクトします。行頭のタブ文字は入力から落とされます。(ヒアドキュメント)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3492
msgid "The Debian system is a multi-tasking system. Background jobs allow users to run multiple programs in a single shell.  The management of the background process involves the shell builtins: <literal>jobs</literal>, <literal>fg</literal>, <literal>bg</literal>, and <literal>kill</literal>.  Please read sections of bash(1) under \"SIGNALS\", and \"JOB CONTROL\", and <literal>builtins</literal>(1)."
msgstr "Debianシステムはマルチタスクシステムです。バックグラウンドジョブを使うと単一シェルの下で複数プログラムを実行可能にします。バックグラウンドジョブの管理にはシェル内部組み込みコマンドの<literal>jobs</literal>や<literal>fg</literal>や<literal>bg</literal>や<literal>kill</literal>を使います。bash(1)マンページ中の\"SIGNALS\"と\"JOB CONTROL\"セクションや<literal>builtins</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3493
msgid "Let's try simple examples of redirection:"
msgstr "リディレクションの簡単な例を試してみましょう:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3494
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ &lt;/etc/motd pager"
msgstr "$ &lt;/etc/motd pager"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3495
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager &lt;/etc/motd"
msgstr "$ pager &lt;/etc/motd"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3496
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager /etc/motd"
msgstr "$ pager /etc/motd"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3497
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cat /etc/motd | pager"
msgstr "$ cat /etc/motd | pager"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3498
msgid "Although all 4 examples display the same thing, the last example runs an extra <literal>cat</literal> command and wastes resources with no reason."
msgstr "4つ全ての例が全く同じ表示をしますが、最後の例は余計な<literal>cat</literal>コマンドを実行するので理由なくリソースの無駄遣いをします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3499
msgid "The shell allows you to open files using the <literal>exec</literal> builtin with an arbitrary file descriptor."
msgstr "シェルでは<literal>exec</literal>組み込みコマンドを任意のファイルディスクリプタとともに使いファイルをオープンすることができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3500
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo Hello &gt;foo\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;foo 4&gt;bar  # open files\n"
"$ cat &lt;&amp;3 &gt;&amp;4       # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;&amp;- 4&gt;&amp;-    # close files\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Hello"
msgstr ""
"$ echo Hello &gt;foo\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;foo 4&gt;bar  # open files\n"
"$ cat &lt;&amp;3 &gt;&amp;4       # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;&amp;- 4&gt;&amp;-    # close files\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Hello"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3506
msgid "Here, \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&lt;&amp;-</literal>\" and \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&gt;&amp;-</literal>\" mean to close the file descriptor \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis></literal>\"."
msgstr "上記で、\"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&lt;&amp;-</literal>\"と\"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&gt;&amp;-</literal>\" はファイルディスクリプタ\"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis></literal>\"をクローズするという意味です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3507
msgid "The file descriptor 0-2 are predefined:"
msgstr "ファイルデスクリプタの0-2は事前定義されています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3509
msgid "Predefined file descriptors."
msgstr "事前定義されたファイルデスクリプタ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3517
msgid "device"
msgstr "デバイス"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3523
msgid "file descriptor"
msgstr "ファイルデスクリプタ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3530
msgid "<literal>stdin</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stdin</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3533
msgid "standard input"
msgstr "標準出力"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3536
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8875
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19751
msgid "0"
msgstr "0"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3541
msgid "<literal>stdout</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stdout</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3544
msgid "standard output"
msgstr "標準出力"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3547
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7712
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10224
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20133
msgid "1"
msgstr "1"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3552
msgid "<literal>stderr</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stderr</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3555
msgid "standard error"
msgstr "標準エラー出力"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3558
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8897
msgid "2"
msgstr "2"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3566
msgid "Command alias"
msgstr "コマンドエリアス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3567
msgid "You can set an alias for the frequently used command.  For example:"
msgstr "良く使うコマンドにエイリアスを設定できます。例えば:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3568
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ alias la='ls -la'"
msgstr "$ alias la='ls -la'"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3569
msgid "Now, \"<literal>la</literal>\" works as a short hand for \"<literal>ls -la</literal>\" which lists all files in the long listing format."
msgstr "こうすると、\"<literal>la</literal>\"が\"<literal>ls -la</literal>\"の短縮形として機能し、全てのファイルを長いリスト形式でリストします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3570
msgid "You can list any existing aliases:"
msgstr "既存の全エアリアスは次のようにするとリストできます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3571
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ alias"
msgstr "$ alias"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3572
msgid "You can identity exact path or identity of the command using <literal>type</literal> builtins command.  For example:"
msgstr "<literal>type</literal>内部コマンドを使うと正確なパスやコマンドの正体を識別できます。例えば:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3573
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ type ls\n"
"ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n"
"$ type la\n"
"la is aliased to ls -la\n"
"$ type echo\n"
"echo is a shell builtin\n"
"$ type file\n"
"file is /usr/bin/file"
msgstr ""
"$ type ls\n"
"ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n"
"$ type la\n"
"la is aliased to ls -la\n"
"$ type echo\n"
"echo is a shell builtin\n"
"$ type file\n"
"file is /usr/bin/file"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3581
msgid "Here <literal>ls</literal> was recently searched while \"<literal>file</literal>\" was not, thus \"<literal>ls</literal>\" is \"hashed\", i.e., the shell has an internal record for the quick access to the location of the \"<literal>ls</literal>\" command."
msgstr "上記で、<literal>ls</literal>は最近探索されましたが\"<literal>file</literal>\" は最近探索されていませので、\"<literal>ls</literal>\"は\"ハッシュされた\"つまりシェルには\"<literal>ls</literal>\"コマンドの場所を高速アクセスのために内部記録していると表示されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3583
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3926
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3588
msgid "Unix-like text processing"
msgstr "Unix的テキスト処理"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3589
msgid "In Unix-like work environment, text processing is done by piping text through chains of standard text processing tools. This was another crucial Unix innovation."
msgstr "Unix的作業環境では、テキスト処理はテキストを標準テキスト処理ツールの連鎖パイプを通す行います。これは決定的なUnixの発明です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3591
msgid "Unix text tools"
msgstr "Unixテキストツール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3592
msgid "There are few standard text processing tools which are used very often on the Unix-like system."
msgstr "Unix的システムでしばしば使われる標準テキスト処理ツールがいくつかあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3596
msgid "No regular expression is used:"
msgstr "正規表現無使用:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3600
msgid "<literal>cat</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs the whole content."
msgstr "<literal>cat</literal>(1)はファイルをつなぎ合わせ全てを出力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3604
msgid "<literal>tac</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs in reverse."
msgstr "<literal>tac</literal>(1)はファイルをつなぎ合わせ逆順で出力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3608
msgid "<literal>cut</literal>(1) selects parts of lines and outputs."
msgstr "<literal>cut</literal>(1)は行の一部を選択し出力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3612
msgid "<literal>head</literal>(1) outputs the first part of files."
msgstr "<literal>head</literal>(1)はファイルの最初の部分を選択し出力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3616
msgid "<literal>tail</literal>(1) outputs the last part of files."
msgstr "<literal>tail</literal>(1)はファイルの最後の部分を選択し出力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3620
msgid "<literal>sort</literal>(1) sorts lines of text files."
msgstr "<literal>sort</literal>(1)は行を順番に並び替えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3624
msgid "<literal>uniq</literal>(1) removes duplicate lines from a sorted file."
msgstr "<literal>uniq</literal>(1)は順番に並べられたファイルから重複行を削除します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3628
msgid "<literal>tr</literal>(1) translates or deletes characters."
msgstr "<literal>tr</literal>(1)は文字を変換削除します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3632
msgid "<literal>diff</literal>(1) compares files line by line."
msgstr "<literal>diff</literal>(1)は1行ごとにファイルを比較します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3639
msgid "Basic regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>) is used:"
msgstr "基本正規表現(<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)使用:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3643
msgid "<literal>grep</literal>(1) matches text with patterns."
msgstr "<literal>egrep</literal>(1)はテキストのパターンマッチをします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3647
msgid "<literal>ed</literal>(1) is a primitive line editor."
msgstr "<literal>ed</literal>(1)は原始的な行エディタ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3651
msgid "<literal>sed</literal>(1) is a stream editor."
msgstr "<literal>sed</literal>(1)はストリームエディタ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3655
msgid "<literal>vim</literal>(1) is a screen editor."
msgstr "<literal>vim</literal>(1)はスクリーンエディタ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3659
msgid "<literal>emacs</literal>(1) is a screen editor. (somewhat extended <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)"
msgstr "<literal>emacs</literal>(1)はスクリーンエディタ。(ちょっと拡張された<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3666
msgid "Extended regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>) is used:"
msgstr "拡張正規表現(<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>)使用:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3670
msgid "<literal>egrep</literal>(1) matches text with patterns."
msgstr "<literal>egrep</literal>(1)はテキストのパターンマッチをします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3674
msgid "<literal>awk</literal>(1) does simple text processing."
msgstr "<literal>awk</literal>(1)は単純なテキスト処理をします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3678
msgid "<literal>tcl</literal>(3tcl) can do every conceivable text processing: <literal>re_syntax</literal>(3). Often used with <literal>tk</literal>(3tk)."
msgstr "<literal>tcl</literal>(3tcl)は考え得る全てのテキスト処理をします:<literal>re_syntax</literal>(3)。時々<literal>tk</literal>(3tk)とともに使用されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3682
msgid "<literal>perl</literal>(1) can do every conceivable text processing.  <literal>perlre</literal>(1)."
msgstr "<literal>perl</literal>(1)は考え得る全てのテキスト処理をします。<literal>perlre</literal>(1)."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3686
msgid "<literal>pcregrep</literal>(1) from the <literal>pcregrep</literal> package matches text with <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink> pattern."
msgstr "<literal>pcregrep</literal>パッケージの<literal>pcregrep</literal>(1) はテキストのパターンマッチを<ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl互換正規表現(PCRE)</ulink>パターンを使ってします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3690
msgid "<literal>python</literal>(1) with the <literal>re</literal> module can do every conceivable text processing. See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>re</literal>モジュールとともに使うことで<literal>python</literal>(1)は考え得る全てのテキスト処理をします。\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal>\"参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3696
msgid "If you are not sure what exactly these commands do, please use \"<literal>man command</literal>\" to figure it out by yourself."
msgstr "もしこれらのコマンドが正確にどう動作するかを確認したいなら、\"<literal>man command</literal>\"を使って自分で見つけましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3698
msgid "Sort order and range expression are locale dependent.  If you wish to obtain traditional behavior for a command, use <emphasis role=\"strong\">C</emphasis> locale instead of <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> ones by prepnding command with \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_lang_variable\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>)."
msgstr "ソート順や範囲表現はロケールに依存します。コマンドの伝統的挙動を得たい際には、\"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\"をコマンドの前に付けて<emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis>ロケールではなく<emphasis role=\"strong\">C</emphasis>ロケールでコマンドを使いましょう。(<xref linkend=\"_lang_variable\"/>と<xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>を参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3701
msgid "<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> regular expressions (<literal>perlre</literal>(1)), <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink> regular expressions offered by the <literal>re</literal> module have many common extensions to the normal <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>正規表現(<literal>perlre</literal>(1))と<ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl互換正規表現(PCRE)</ulink>と<literal>re</literal>モジュールで提供される<ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>正規表現は<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>に多くの共通の拡張をしています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3705
msgid "Regular expressions"
msgstr "正規表現"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3706
msgid "<ulink url=\"&regularexpressions;\">Regular expressions</ulink> are used in many text processing tools.  They are analogous to the shell globs, but they are more complicated and powerful."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&regularexpressions;\">正規表現</ulink>は多くのテキスト処理ツールで使われています。シェルグロブに類似していますがより複雑で強力です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3707
msgid "The regular expression describes the matching pattern and is made up of text characters and <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>."
msgstr "正規表現はマッチするパターンを表現し、テキスト文字と<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>からなっています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3708
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> is just a character with a special meaning.  There are 2 major styles, <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>, depending on the text tools as described above."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>は特別な意味を持った文字です。上記のようにテキストツールによって、<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>の2つの主要なスタイルがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3710
msgid "Metacharacters for BRE and ERE."
msgstr "BREとEREのメタ文字。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3718
msgid "BRE"
msgstr "BRE"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3721
msgid "ERE"
msgstr "ERE"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3724
msgid "The meaning of the regular expression"
msgstr "正規表現の意味"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3731
msgid "<literal> \\ .  [ ] ^ $ * </literal>"
msgstr "<literal> \\ .  [ ] ^ $ * </literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3734
msgid "<literal>\\ .  [ ] ^ $ *</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\ .  [ ] ^ $ *</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3737
msgid "Common <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "共通の<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3742
msgid "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3745
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3753
msgid " "
msgstr " "

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3748
msgid "BRE only \"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "\"<literal>\\</literal>\"でエスケープされた、BREのみで用いる<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3756
msgid "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3759
msgid "ERE only non-\"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "\"<literal>\\</literal>\"でエスケープされ無い、EREのみで用いる<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3770
msgid "This matches the <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-metacharacter</emphasis> \"<literal>c</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">非メタ文字</emphasis> \"<literal>c</literal>\"をマッチする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3775
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3778
msgid "<literal>\\c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\c</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3781
msgid "This sequence matches the literal character \"<literal>c</literal>\" even if \"<literal>c</literal>\" is <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> by itself."
msgstr "当該シーケンスは、<literal>c</literal>\"自身が<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>でも\"<literal>c</literal>\"というそのままの文字とマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3786
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3789
msgid "<literal>.</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3792
msgid "This matches any character including newline."
msgstr "改行を含めた如何なる文字ともマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3797
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3800
msgid "<literal>^</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3803
msgid "This matches the beginning of a string."
msgstr "文字列の最初とマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3808
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3811
msgid "<literal>$</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3814
msgid "This matches the end of a string."
msgstr "文字列の最後とマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3819
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3822
msgid "<literal>\\&lt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\&lt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3825
msgid "This matches the beginning of a word."
msgstr "単語先頭とマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3830
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3833
msgid "<literal>\\&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3836
msgid "This matches the end of a word."
msgstr "単語末尾とマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3841
msgid "<literal>\\[abc…\\]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\[abc…\\]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3844
msgid "<literal>[abc…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[abc…]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3847
msgid "This character list matches any characters \"<literal>abc…</literal>\"."
msgstr "この文字リストは\"<literal>abc…</literal>\"のいずれかの文字にマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3852
msgid "<literal>\\[^abc…\\]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\[^abc…\\]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3855
msgid "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3858
msgid "This negated character list matches any characters except \"<literal>abc…</literal>\"."
msgstr "この否定の文字リストは\"<literal>abc…</literal>\"以外の文字にマッチします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3863
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3866
msgid "<literal>r*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r*</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3869
msgid "This matches zero or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>r</literal>\"という正規表現の0回以上にマッチ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3874
msgid "<literal>r\\+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r\\+</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3877
msgid "<literal>r+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r+</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3880
msgid "This matches one or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>r</literal>\"という正規表現の1回以上にマッチ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3885
msgid "<literal>r\\?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r\\?</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3888
msgid "<literal>r?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r?</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3891
msgid "This matches zero or one regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>r</literal>\"という正規表現の0回か1回にマッチ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3896
msgid "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3899
msgid "<literal>r1|r2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r1|r2</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3902
msgid "This matches one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" or \"<literal>r2</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>r1</literal>\"か\"<literal>r2</literal>\"という正規表現のいずれかにマッチ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3907
msgid "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3910
msgid "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3913
msgid "This matches one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" or \"<literal>r2</literal>\" and treats it as a <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression."
msgstr "\"<literal>r1</literal>\"か\"<literal>r2</literal>\"という正規表現のいずれかにマッチし、それを<emphasis role=\"strong\">括弧で囲まれた</emphasis>正規表現として扱う。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3919
msgid "The regular expression of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis> is basically <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> but has been extended to treat \"<literal>+</literal>\"and \"<literal>?</literal>\" as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis> as in <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>.  Thus, there are no needs to escape them with \"<literal>\\</literal>\" in the regular expression of <literal>emacs</literal>."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis>の正規表現は、<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>同様の\"<literal>+</literal>\"と\"<literal>?</literal>\"を<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>と扱う拡張をしてはありますが、基本的に<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>です。これら文字を<literal>emacs</literal>の正規表現で\"<literal>\\</literal>\"でエスケープする必要はありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3920
msgid "For example, <literal>grep</literal>(1) can be used to perform the text search using the regular expression:"
msgstr "例えば、<literal>grep</literal>(1)をつかうと正規表現を使って文字列探索ができます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3921
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program"
msgstr ""
"$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3930
msgid "Replacement expressions"
msgstr "置換表現"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3931
msgid "For the replacement expression, following characters have special meanings:"
msgstr "置換表現の場合、次の文字には特別な意味があります"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3933
msgid "The replacement expression."
msgstr "置換表現"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3950
msgid "<literal>&amp;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3953
msgid "This represents what the regular expression matched.  (use <literal>\\&amp;</literal> in <literal>emacs</literal>)"
msgstr "正規表現がマッチしたものを示す。(<literal>emacs</literal>では<literal>\\&amp;</literal>を使用)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3958
msgid ""
"<literal>\\n"
"</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>\\n"
"</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3961
msgid "This represents what the n-th <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression matched. (\"n\" being number)"
msgstr "n番目の<emphasis role=\"strong\">括弧で囲まれた</emphasis>正規表現にマッチしたものを示す。(\"n\" は数字)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3967
msgid ""
"For Perl replacement string, \"<literal>$n</literal>\" is used instead of \"<literal>\\n"
"</literal>\" and \"<literal>&amp;</literal>\" has no special meaning."
msgstr ""
"Perlの置換表現では、\"<literal>\\n"
"</literal>\"の代わりに\"<literal>$n</literal>\"をつかい、\"<literal>&amp;</literal>\"には特段の意味はありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3968
msgid "For example:"
msgstr "例えば:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3969
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=&amp;="
msgstr ""
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=&amp;="

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3981
msgid "Here please pay extra attention to the style of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression and how the matched strings are used in the text replacement process on different tools."
msgstr "ここで、<emphasis role=\"strong\">括弧で囲まれた</emphasis>正規表現のスタイルと、マッチした文字列が異なるツール上でテキスト置換処理にどう使われるかとに注目下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3982
msgid "These regular expressions can be used for cursor movements and text replacement actions in some editors too."
msgstr "これらの正規表現は一部エディタ内でカーソルの動きやテキスト置換アクションに対しても使えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3983
msgid "The back slash \"<literal>\\</literal>\" at the end of line in the shell commandline escapes newline as a white space character and continues shell command line input to the next line."
msgstr "シェルコマンドラインの行末のバックスラッシュ\"<literal>\\</literal>\"は改行をホワイトスペース文字としてエスケープするので、シェルコマンドライン入力を次行に継続させます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3984
msgid "Please read all the related manual pages to learn these commands."
msgstr "これらのコマンドを習うために、関連するマニュアルページを全て読んでください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3987
msgid "Global substitution with regular expressions"
msgstr "正規表現を使ったグローバル置換"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3988
msgid "The <literal>ed</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\" by:"
msgstr "<literal>ed</literal>(1)コマンドは次のようにすると\"<literal>file</literal>\"中に存在する全ての\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\"を\"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\"で置換する:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3989
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ed file &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n"
"w\n"
"q\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""
"$ ed file &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n"
"w\n"
"q\n"
"EOF"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3994
msgid "The <literal>vim</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\" by using <literal>ex</literal>(1) commands:"
msgstr "<literal>vim</literal>(1)コマンドは<literal>ex</literal>(1)コマンドを使い次のようにすると\"<literal>file</literal>\"中に存在する全ての\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\"を\"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\"で置換する:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3995
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file"
msgstr "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3997
msgid "The \"<literal>c</literal>\" flag in the above ensures interactive confirmation for each substitution."
msgstr "上記の\"<literal>c</literal>\"フラグをにより各置換毎に対話型の確認をします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3999
msgid "Multiple files (\"<literal>file1</literal>\", \"<literal>file2</literal>\", and \"<literal>file3</literal>\") can be processed with regular expressions similarly with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>perl</literal>(1):"
msgstr "複数ファイル(\"<literal>file1</literal>\"と\"<literal>file2</literal>\"と\"<literal>file3</literal>\")を<literal>vim</literal>(1)や<literal>perl</literal>(1)で同様に正規表現を用いて処理できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4000
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/ge|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/ge|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4002
msgid "The \"<literal>e</literal>\" flag in the above prevents the \"No match\" error from breaking a mapping."
msgstr "上記の\"<literal>e</literal>\"フラグをにより\"No match\"エラーでマッピングが停止することを防ぎます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4004
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4005
msgid "In the perl(1) example, \"<literal>-i</literal>\" is for in-place editing, \"<literal>-p</literal>\" is for implicit loop over files."
msgstr "perl(1)の例中で、\"<literal>-i</literal>\"はその場での編集、\"<literal>-p</literal>\"はファイルに関する暗黙的なループを意味します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4007
msgid "Use of argument \"<literal>-i.bak</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>-i</literal>\" will keep each original file by adding \"<literal>.bak</literal>\" to its filename.  This makes recovery from errors easier for complex substitutions."
msgstr "\"<literal>-i</literal>\"の代わりに\"<literal>-i.bak</literal>\"という引数を用いるとオリジナルファイル名に\"<literal>.bak</literal>\"をつけたファイル名でオリジナルファイルが保管されます。複雑な置換のエラーからの復帰が簡単にできます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4010
msgid "While <literal>ed</literal>(1) and <literal>vim</literal>(1) are <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>, <literal>perl</literal>(1) is <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr "<literal>ed</literal>(1)や<literal>vim</literal>(1)は<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>ですが、<literal>perl</literal>(1)は<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4014
msgid "Extract data from text file table"
msgstr "テキストファイルからのデータ抽出"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4015
msgid "Let's consider a text file called \"<literal>DPL</literal>\" in which some pre-2004 Debian project leader's names and their initiation days are listed in a space-separated format."
msgstr "2004年以前の元Debianリーダの名前と就任日がスペースで分割されたフォーマットでリストされている\"<literal>DPL</literal>\"と呼ばれるファイルを考えてみましょう。 "

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4017
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Bruce   Perens    April   1996\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"Wichert Akkerman  January 1999\n"
"Ben     Collins   April   2001\n"
"Bdale   Garbee    April   2002\n"
"Martin  Michlmayr March   2003"
msgstr ""
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Bruce   Perens    April   1996\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"Wichert Akkerman  January 1999\n"
"Ben     Collins   April   2001\n"
"Bdale   Garbee    April   2002\n"
"Martin  Michlmayr March   2003"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4025
msgid "See <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">\"A Brief History of Debian\"</ulink> for the latest <ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian leadership history</ulink>."
msgstr "最新の<ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debianのリーダーの歴史</ulink>に関しては、<ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">\"A Brief History of Debian\"</ulink>を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4027
msgid "Awk is frequently used to extract data from these types of files:"
msgstr "こういったタイプのファイルからデータを抽出するのはAwk が良く使われます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4028
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ awk '{ print $3 }' &lt;DPL                   # month started\n"
"August\n"
"April\n"
"January\n"
"January\n"
"April\n"
"April\n"
"March\n"
"$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' &lt;DPL          # DPL called Ian\n"
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' &lt;DPL # When Perens started\n"
"April 1996"
msgstr ""
"$ awk '{ print $3 }' &lt;DPL                   # month started\n"
"August\n"
"April\n"
"January\n"
"January\n"
"April\n"
"April\n"
"March\n"
"$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' &lt;DPL          # DPL called Ian\n"
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' &lt;DPL # When Perens started\n"
"April 1996"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4041
msgid "Shells such as Bash can be also used to parse this kind of file:"
msgstr "Bash などのシェルもこれらのファイルを解釈するのに使えます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4042
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ while read first last month year; do\n"
"    echo $month\n"
"  done &lt;DPL"
msgstr ""
"$ while read first last month year; do\n"
"    echo $month\n"
"  done &lt;DPL"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4048
msgid "same output as the first Awk example."
msgstr "最初の Awk の例と同じ出力。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4052
msgid "Here, the <literal>read</literal> builtin command uses characters in \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" (internal field separators) to split lines into words."
msgstr "ここで、<literal>read</literal>組込みコマンドは\"<literal>$IFS</literal>\"(内部フィールドセパレータ) を用いて行を単語単位で分割します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4054
msgid "If you change \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" to \"<literal>:</literal>\", you can parse \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" with shell nicely:"
msgstr "\"<literal>$IFS</literal>\"を\"<literal>:</literal>\"に変更すると、\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"をシェルでうまく解読できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4055
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\"   # save old value\n"
"$ IFS=':'\n"
"$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n"
"    if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n"
"      echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"  done &lt; /etc/passwd\n"
"bozo's ID is 1000\n"
"$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\"   # restore old value"
msgstr ""
"$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\"   # save old value\n"
"$ IFS=':'\n"
"$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n"
"    if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n"
"      echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"  done &lt; /etc/passwd\n"
"bozo's ID is 1000\n"
"$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\"   # restore old value"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4064
msgid "(If Awk is used to do the equivalent, use \"<literal>FS=':'</literal>\" to set the field separator.)"
msgstr "(同じことを Awk を使って行うには、フィールドセパレータ設定は\"<literal>FS=':'</literal>\"としましょう。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4065
msgid "IFS is also used by the shell to split results of parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.  These do not occur within double or single quoted words.  The default value of IFS is &lt;space&gt;, &lt;tab&gt;, and &lt;newline&gt; combined."
msgstr "IFSはパラメータ展開、コマンド置換、数式展開の結果を分割するためにもシェルにより使われます。これはダブルクォートやシングルクォートされた単語内では発生しません。IFSの標準値は&lt;space&gt;と&lt;tab&gt;と&lt;newline&gt;の組合せです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4066
msgid "Be careful about using this shell IFS tricks.  Strange things may happen, when shell interprets some parts of the script as its <emphasis role=\"strong\">input</emphasis>."
msgstr "シェルのIFSトリックを注意深く使ってください。シェルがスクリプトの一部を<emphasis role=\"strong\">入力</emphasis>として解釈した場合に、奇妙なことが起きるかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4068
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ IFS=\":,\"                        # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n"
"$ echo IFS=$IFS,   IFS=\"$IFS\"     # echo is a Bash builtin\n"
"IFS=  , IFS=:,\n"
"$ date -R                         # just a command output\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)                 # sub shell --&gt; input to main shell\n"
"Sat  23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n"
"$ unset IFS                       # reset IFS to the default\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200"
msgstr ""
"$ IFS=\":,\"                        # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n"
"$ echo IFS=$IFS,   IFS=\"$IFS\"     # echo is a Bash builtin\n"
"IFS=  , IFS=:,\n"
"$ date -R                         # just a command output\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)                 # sub shell --&gt; input to main shell\n"
"Sat  23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n"
"$ unset IFS                       # reset IFS to the default\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4080
msgid "Script snippets for piping commands"
msgstr "コマンドをパイプするためのスクリプト断片"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4081
msgid "The following scripts will do nice things as a part of a pipe."
msgstr "次のスクリプトはパイプの一部として素晴らしいことをします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4083
msgid "List of script snippets for piping commands."
msgstr "コマンドをパイプするためのスクリプト断片のリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4090
msgid "script snippet (type in one line)"
msgstr "スクリプト断片(1行入力)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4093
msgid "effect of command"
msgstr "コマンドの効果"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4100
msgid "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4103
msgid "find all files under \"<literal>/usr</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"の値。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4108
msgid "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4111
msgid "print 1 to 100."
msgstr "1から100までプリント。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4116
msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 &lt;command&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | xargs -n 1 &lt;command&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4119
msgid "run command repeatedly with each item from pipe as its argument."
msgstr "パイプからの各項目を引数としてコマンドを繰り返し実行します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4124
msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 echo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | xargs -n 1 echo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4127
msgid "split white-space-separated items from pipe into lines."
msgstr "パイプからのホワイトスペースで分離された項目を行に分割します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4132
msgid "<literal> | xargs echo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | xargs echo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4135
msgid "merge all lines from pipe into a line."
msgstr "パイプからの全ての行を1行にマージします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4140
msgid "<literal> | grep -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | grep -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4143
msgid "extract lines from pipe containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;."
msgstr "&lt;regex_pattern&gt;を含む行を取り出します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4148
msgid "<literal> | grep -v -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | grep -v -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4151
msgid "extract lines from pipe not containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;."
msgstr "&lt;regex_pattern&gt;を含まない行を取り出します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4156
msgid "<literal> | cut -d: -f3 -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | cut -d: -f3 -</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4159
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by \"<literal>:</literal>\" (passwd file etc.)."
msgstr "\"<literal>:</literal>\"で区切られた3番目のフィールドを取り出します(passwdファイルなど)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4164
msgid "<literal> | awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4167
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by whitespaces."
msgstr "ホワイトスペースで区切られた3番目のフィールドを取り出します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4172
msgid "<literal> | awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4175
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by tab."
msgstr "タブで区切られた3番目のフィールドを取り出します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4180
msgid "<literal> | col -bx</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | col -bx</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4183
msgid "remove backspace and expand tabs to spaces."
msgstr "バックスペースを削除し、タブをスベースに変換します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4188
msgid "<literal> | expand -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | expand -</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4191
msgid "expand tabs."
msgstr "タブをスベースに変換します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4196
msgid "<literal> | sort| uniq</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | sort| uniq</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4199
msgid "sort and remove duplicates."
msgstr "入力をソートし重複箇所を削除します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4204
msgid "<literal> | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4207
msgid "convert uppercase to lowercase."
msgstr "大文字を小文字に変換します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4212
msgid ""
"<literal> | tr -d '\\n"
"'</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal> | tr -d '\\n"
"'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4215
msgid "concatenate lines into one line."
msgstr "複数の行を1行につなげます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4220
msgid "<literal> | tr -d '\\r'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | tr -d '\\r'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4223
msgid "remove CR."
msgstr "キャリッジリターンを削除します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4228
msgid "<literal> | sed 's/^/# /'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | sed 's/^/# /'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4231
msgid "add \"<literal>#</literal>\" to the start of each line."
msgstr "各行頭に\"<literal>#</literal>\"を追加します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4236
msgid "<literal> | sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4239
msgid "remove \"<literal>.ext</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>.ext</literal>\"を削除します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4244
msgid "<literal> | sed -n -e 2p</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | sed -n -e 2p</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4247
msgid "print the second line."
msgstr "2番目の行を表示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4252
msgid "<literal> | head -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | head -n 2 -</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4255
msgid "print the first 2 lines."
msgstr "最初の2行を表示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4260
msgid "<literal> | tail -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal> | tail -n 2 -</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4263
msgid "print the last 2 lines."
msgstr "最後の2行を表示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4269
msgid "One-line shell script can loop over many files using <literal>find</literal>(1) and <literal>xargs</literal>(1) to perform quite complicated tasks.  See <xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>."
msgstr "1行のシェルスクリプトは<literal>find</literal>(1)や<literal>xargs</literal>(1)を使って非常に複雑な操作を多くのファイルに繰り返し実行できます。<xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/>と<xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4270
msgid "When using the shell interactive mode becomes too complicated, please consider to write a shell script (see <xref linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)."
msgstr "シェルの対話モードを使うのが複雑過ぎるようになったときには、シェルのスクリプトを書くのも一計です(<xref linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4275
msgid "Debian package management"
msgstr "Debianパッケージ管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4277
msgid "This chapter is written assuming the latest stable release is codename: <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>."
msgstr "本章は最新安定版リリースがコード名:<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>と言う前提で書かれています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4279
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> is a volunteer organization which builds <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent</emphasis> distributions of pre-compiled binary packages of free software and distributes them from its archive."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink>は、フリーソフトウエアのコンパイル済みバイナリパッケージからなる<emphasis role=\"strong\">整合性</emphasis>あるディストリビューションを作り、そのアーカイブを通じてそれらを頒布するボランティア組織です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4280
msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">The Debian archive</ulink> is offered by <ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">many remote mirror sites</ulink> for access through HTTP and FTP methods. It is also available as <ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debianのアーカイブ</ulink>は、HTTPやFTP法によるアクセスされるための<ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">多くのリモートのミラーサイト</ulink>として提供されています。それは、<ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>によっても提供されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4281
msgid "The Debian package management system, <emphasis role=\"strong\">when used properly</emphasis>, offers the user to install <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent sets of binary packages</emphasis> to the system from the archive.  Currently, there are &all-packages; packages available for the &arch; architecture."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理システムは、<emphasis role=\"strong\">適切に使われれば</emphasis>、<emphasis role=\"strong\">バイナリパッケージの整合性ある組み合わせ</emphasis>がアーカイブからシステムにインストールされるようになっています。現在、&arch;アーキテクチャーには&all-packages;つのパッケージがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4282
msgid "The Debian package management system has a rich history and many choices for the front end user program and back end archive access method to be used.  Currently, we recommend <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) as the main front end program for the Debian package management activity."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理システムは、多彩な歴史があり、使用されるフロントエンドのユーザプログラムやバックエンドのアーカイブへのアクセス方法に多くの選択肢があります。現在はDebianのパッケージ管理活動のメインフロントエンドプログラムとして<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を推薦します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4284
msgid "List of Debian package management tools."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理ツールのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4308
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/aptitude\"> <literal>aptitude</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/aptitude\"> <literal>aptitude</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4311
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/aptitude\">&pop-aptitude;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/aptitude\">&pop-aptitude;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4312
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/aptitude.html\">&size-aptitude;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/aptitude.html\">&size-aptitude;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4314
msgid "terminal-based package manager (current standard, front-end for <literal>apt</literal>)"
msgstr "ターミナルベースのパッケージマネージャ(現在の標準、<literal>apt</literal>のフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4318
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt\"> <literal>apt</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt\"> <literal>apt</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4321
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt\">&pop-apt;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt\">&pop-apt;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4322
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html\">&size-apt;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html\">&size-apt;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4324
msgid "Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), front-end for <literal>dpkg</literal> providing \"<literal>http</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp</literal>\", and \"<literal>file</literal>\" archive access methods (<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> commands included)"
msgstr "アドバンスドパッケージツール(APT)、\"<literal>http</literal>\"や\"<literal>ftp</literal>\"や\"<literal>file</literal>\"というアーカイブへのアクセス方法を<literal>dpkg</literal>に提供するフロントエンド(<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal>コマンドを含む)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4328
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tasksel\"> <literal>tasksel</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tasksel\"> <literal>tasksel</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4331
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tasksel\">&pop-tasksel;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tasksel\">&pop-tasksel;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4332
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tasksel.html\">&size-tasksel;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tasksel.html\">&size-tasksel;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4334
msgid "tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian system (front-end for APT)"
msgstr "Debianシステムにタスクをインストールするための選択ツール(APTのフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4338
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/unattended-upgrades\"> <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/unattended-upgrades\"> <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4341
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/unattended-upgrades\">&pop-unattendedupgrades;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/unattended-upgrades\">&pop-unattendedupgrades;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4342
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/u/unattended-upgrades.html\">&size-unattendedupgrades;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/u/unattended-upgrades.html\">&size-unattendedupgrades;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4344
msgid "enhancement package for APT to enable automatic installation of security upgrades"
msgstr "APTの拡張パッケージでセキュリティアップデートの自動インストールを可能にする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4348
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dselect\"> <literal>dselect</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dselect\"> <literal>dselect</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4351
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dselect\">&pop-dselect;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dselect\">&pop-dselect;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4352
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dselect.html\">&size-dselect;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dselect.html\">&size-dselect;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4354
msgid "terminal-based package manager (previous standard, front-end for APT and other old access methods)"
msgstr "ターミナルベースのパッケージマネージャ(過去の標準、APTや他の古いアクセス法のフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4358
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dpkg\"> <literal>dpkg</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dpkg\"> <literal>dpkg</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4361
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg\">&pop-dpkg;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg\">&pop-dpkg;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4362
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dpkg.html\">&size-dpkg;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dpkg.html\">&size-dpkg;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4364
msgid "package management system for Debian"
msgstr "Debianのためのパッケージ管理システム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4368
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dpkg-ftp\"> <literal>dpkg-ftp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dpkg-ftp\"> <literal>dpkg-ftp</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4371
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg-ftp\">&pop-dpkgftp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg-ftp\">&pop-dpkgftp;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4372
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dpkg-ftp.html\">&size-dpkgftp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dpkg-ftp.html\">&size-dpkgftp;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4374
msgid "older ftp method for <literal>dselect</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dselect</literal>のための古い<literal>ftp</literal>法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4378
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/synaptic\"> <literal>synaptic</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/synaptic\"> <literal>synaptic</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4381
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/synaptic\">&pop-synaptic;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/synaptic\">&pop-synaptic;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4382
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/synaptic.html\">&size-synaptic;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/synaptic.html\">&size-synaptic;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4384
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4394
msgid "graphical package manager (GNOME front-end for APT)"
msgstr "グラフィカルなパッケージマネージャ(APTのGNOMEフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4388
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome-apt\"> <literal>gnome-apt</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome-apt\"> <literal>gnome-apt</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4391
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnome-apt\">&pop-gnomeapt;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnome-apt\">&pop-gnomeapt;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4392
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gnome-apt.html\">&size-gnomeapt;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gnome-apt.html\">&size-gnomeapt;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4398
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/kpackage\"> <literal>kpackage</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/kpackage\"> <literal>kpackage</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4401
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/kpackage\">&pop-kpackage;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/kpackage\">&pop-kpackage;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4402
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/kpackage.html\">&size-kpackage;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/kpackage.html\">&size-kpackage;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4404
msgid "graphical package manager (KDE front-end for APT)"
msgstr "グラフィカルなパッケージマネージャ(APTのKDEフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4408
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-utils\"> <literal>apt-utils</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-utils\"> <literal>apt-utils</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4411
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-utils\">&pop-aptutils;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-utils\">&pop-aptutils;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4412
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-utils.html\">&size-aptutils;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-utils.html\">&size-aptutils;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4414
msgid "APT utility programs: <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1), <literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1), and <literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)"
msgstr "APTユーティリティプログラム: <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1)と<literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1)と<literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4418
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-listchanges\"> <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-listchanges\"> <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4421
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-listchanges\">&pop-aptlistchanges;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-listchanges\">&pop-aptlistchanges;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4422
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-listchanges.html\">&size-aptlistchanges;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-listchanges.html\">&size-aptlistchanges;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4424
msgid "package change history notification tool"
msgstr "パッケージ変更履歴の通知ツール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4428
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-listbugs\"> <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-listbugs\"> <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4431
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-listbugs\">&pop-aptlistbugs;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-listbugs\">&pop-aptlistbugs;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4432
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-listbugs.html\">&size-aptlistbugs;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-listbugs.html\">&size-aptlistbugs;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4434
msgid "lists critical bugs before each APT installation"
msgstr "APTによる各インストール前にクリチカルバグをリストする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4438
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-file\"> <literal>apt-file</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-file\"> <literal>apt-file</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4441
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-file\">&pop-aptfile;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-file\">&pop-aptfile;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4442
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-file.html\">&size-aptfile;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-file.html\">&size-aptfile;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4444
msgid "APT package searching utility — command-line interface"
msgstr "APTパッケージ探索ユーティリティ -- コマンドラインインターフェース"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4448
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-rdepends\"> <literal>apt-rdepends</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-rdepends\"> <literal>apt-rdepends</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4451
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-rdepends\">&pop-aptrdepends;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-rdepends\">&pop-aptrdepends;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4452
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-rdepends.html\">&size-aptrdepends;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-rdepends.html\">&size-aptrdepends;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4454
msgid "recursively lists package dependencies"
msgstr "パッケージの依存関係を再帰的にリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4461
msgid "The annoying <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">bug #411123</ulink> for the mixed use of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) commands has been resolved.  If this kept you from using <literal>aptitude</literal>, please reconsider."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>と<literal>apt-get</literal>コマンドの両方を混用する際に迷惑だった<ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">バグ #411123</ulink>は解決されました。もし本件のために<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を使うことに躊躇しているなら、御再考下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4464
msgid "Debian package management prerequisites"
msgstr "Debainパッケージ管理の前提条件"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4466
msgid "Package configuration"
msgstr "パッケージ設定"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4467
msgid "Here are some key points for package configuration on the Debian system:"
msgstr "Debianシステム上でのパッケージ設定の要点は次です:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4471
msgid "The manual configuration by the system administrator is respected. In other words, the package configuration system makes no intrusive configuration for the sake of convenience."
msgstr "システム管理者による手動の設定は尊重されます。言い換えれば、パッケージ設定システムは利便性のために勝手な設定をしません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4476
msgid "Each package comes with its own configuration script with standardized user interface called <literal>debconf</literal>(7) to help initial installation process of the package."
msgstr "各パッケージは、パッケージ導入プロセスを助けるための<literal>debconf</literal>(7)と呼ばれる標準化されたユーザインターフェースを使用し、それぞれ毎の設定スクリプトとともに提供されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4481
msgid "Debian Developers try their best to make your upgrade experience flawless with package configuration scripts."
msgstr "Debianの開発者はパッケージの設定スクリプトによりユーザのアップグレードが滞りなく進むように最大限の努力を行います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4486
msgid "Full functionalities of packaged software are available to the system administrator.  But ones with security risks are disabled in the default installation."
msgstr "システム管理者にはパッケージされたソフトウエアの全機能が使用可能です。ただしセキュリティリスクのある機能はデフォルトのインストール状態では無効にされています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4491
msgid "If you manually activate a service with some security risks, you are responsible for the risk containment."
msgstr "セキュリティリスクのあるサービスを手動でアクティベートした場合は、リスクの封じ込めはあなたの責任です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4496
msgid "Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system administrator.  This may creates interference with popular generic helper programs for the system configuration."
msgstr "システム管理者は難解奇異な設定を手動で有効にできます。ただこんなことをすればポピュラーな一般の補助プログラムとは干渉してしまうかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4502
msgid "Basic precautions"
msgstr "基本的な注意事項"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4504
msgid "Do not install packages from random mixture of suites.  It probably will break the package consistency which requires deep system management knowledge, such as compiler <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&library;\">library</ulink> version, interpreter features, etc."
msgstr "ランダムな混合のスイーツからパッケージを導入してはいけません。コンパイラーの<ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>とか<ulink url=\"&library;\">ライブラリー</ulink> のバージョンとかインタープリターの機能等のシステム管理に関する深い知見が必要なパッケージの整合性がきっと破壊されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4506
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&newbie;\">newbie</ulink> Debian system administrator should stay with the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release of Debian while applying only security updates.  I mean that some of the following valid actions are better avoided, as a precaution, until you understand the Debian system very well:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&newbie;\">初心者</ulink>のDebianシステム管理者は<emphasis role=\"strong\">Debianの安定版<literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースをセキュリティアップデートを適用しながら使うべきです。Debianシステムを非常によく理解するまでは、用心として以下の有効なアクションですら避けておくべきと考えます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4510
msgid "Do not include <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に<emphasis role=\"strong\">テスト版<literal>testing</literal></emphasis>とか不安定版<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis>とかを含めないようにする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4515
msgid "Do not mix standard Debian with other non-Debian archives such as Ubuntu in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に標準のDebianとDebian以外のUbuntuのようなアーカイブを混在させない、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4520
msgid "Do not create \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"を作成しない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4525
msgid "Do not change default behavior of package management tools through configuration files without knowing their full impacts,"
msgstr "パッケージ管理ツールのデフォルトを影響を理解せずに変更しない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4530
msgid "Do not install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\","
msgstr "ランダムなパッケージを\"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\"でインストールしない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4535
msgid "Do not ever install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\","
msgstr "ランダムなパッケージを\"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\"で絶対インストールしない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4540
msgid "Do not erase or alter files in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\", or"
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\"の中のファイルを消去や改変しない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4545
msgid "Do not overwrite system files by installing software programs directly compiled from source. (Install them into \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" or \"<literal>/opt</literal>\".)"
msgstr "ソースから直接コンパイルしたソフトウエアプログラムをインストールする際にシステムファイルを上書きしない。(こういったソフトウエアプログラムは\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\"か\"<literal>/opt</literal>\"の中にインストールしましょう。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4549
msgid "The non-compatible effects caused by above actions to the Debian package management system may leave your system unusable."
msgstr "上記のアクションで起きるDebianパッケージシステムへのコンパチブルでない効果はシステムを使えなくするかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4550
msgid "The serious Debian system administrator who runs mission critical servers, should use extra precautions:"
msgstr "ミッションクリティカルなサーバーを走らせる真剣なDebianシステム管理者は更なる用心をすべきです:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4554
msgid "Do not install any packages including security updates from Debian without thoroughly testing them with your particular configuration under safe conditions. (Although Debian has been offering an extremely stable system for a long time, you as the system administrator are responsible for your system in the end.)"
msgstr "安全な条件下であなたの特定の設定で徹底的にテストすることなくセキュリティアップデートをも含めた如何なるパッケージもインストールをしてはいけません。(Debianは非常に安定なシステムを長期間提供し続けてきているとは言え、最終的にはあなたのシステムへの責任はシステム管理者であるあなた自身が負っています。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4560
msgid "Life with eternal upgrades"
msgstr "永遠のアップグレード人生"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4561
msgid "Despite my warnings above, I know many readers of this document wish to run the <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> suites of Debian as their main system for <emphasis role=\"strong\">self-administered Desktop environments</emphasis>. This is because they work very well, are updated frequently, and offer the latest features."
msgstr "私が上記で警告したとはいえ、<emphasis role=\"strong\">自分自身で管理するデスクトップ環境</emphasis>ではDebianのテスト版<literal>testing</literal>や不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>のスイーツを自分のメインのシステムとして使おうと多くの本書の読者が望むことは分かっています。システムは非常に快調に動くし、頻繁に更新されるし、最新の機能が提供されるからです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4563
msgid "For your <emphasis role=\"strong\">production server</emphasis>, the <literal>stable</literal> suite with the security updates is recommended.  The same can be said for desktop PCs on which you can spend limited administration efforts, e.g. for your mother's PC."
msgstr "あなたの<emphasis role=\"strong\">業務サーバー</emphasis>には、セキュリティアップデートをした安定版<literal>stable</literal>スイーツを推薦します。例えばあなたの母親のPCのように、管理に限られた時間しか割けないデスクトップPCに関しても同様の事が言えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4565
msgid "It takes no more than simply setting the distribution string in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to the suite name: \"<literal>testing</literal>\" or \"<literal>unstable</literal>\"; or the codename: \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>\". This will let you live <emphasis role=\"strong\">the life of eternal upgrades</emphasis>."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中のディストリビューション文字列を、\"<literal>testing</literal>\"とか\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"というスイーツ名、もしくは\"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>とか\"<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>\"というコード名に単に設定するだけで十分です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4566
msgid "The use of <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> is <emphasis role=\"strong\">a lot of fun</emphasis> but comes with some risks.  Even though the <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system looks very stable for most of the times, there have been some package problems on the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system and a few of them were not so trivial to resolve. It may be <emphasis role=\"strong\">quite painful</emphasis> for you. Sometimes, you may have a broken package or missing functionality for a few weeks."
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal>や<literal>unstable</literal>を使うことは<emphasis role=\"strong\">大変楽しい</emphasis>けれど、リスクがついてきます。Debianシステムの<literal>unstable</literal>スイーツさえおおむね非常に安定に見えますが、Debianシステムの<literal>testing</literal>や<literal>unstable</literal>スイーツでは過去パッケージ上の問題をいくつか経験して来てるし、その一部は簡単には解決できないものでした。<emphasis role=\"strong\">結構痛い目</emphasis>に会うことになるかもしれませんよ。時々、壊れたパッケージや機能の欠損が数週間続くことが起こります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4567
msgid "Here are some ideas to ensure quick and easy recovery from bugs in Debian packages:"
msgstr "Debianパッケージのバグからの早急かつ簡単な回復を確実にするいくつかのアイデアがここにあります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4571
msgid "make the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">dual bootable</emphasis> by installing the <literal>stable</literal> suite of Debian system to another partition."
msgstr "Debianシステムの安定版<literal>stable</literal>スイーツを別のパーティションにインストールし、システムを<emphasis role=\"strong\">ヂュアルブータブル</emphasis>にする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4576
msgid "make the installation CD handy for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">rescue boot</emphasis>."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">レスキューブート</emphasis>のためのインストール用CDを手元に置いておく。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4581
msgid "consider installing <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> to check the <ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS)</ulink> information before the upgrade."
msgstr "<literal>apt-listbugs</literal>をインストールしてアップグレードの前に<ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debianバグトラッキングシステム(BTS)</ulink>をチェックすることを考る。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4586
msgid "learn the package system infrastructure enough to work around the problem."
msgstr "問題回避するのに十分なだけのパッケージシステムの基盤を学ぶ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4591
msgid "create a chroot or similar environment and run the latest system in it in advance. (optional)"
msgstr "chrootか類似の環境を作り事前に最新のシステムを実行する。(任意)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4595
msgid "(If you can not do any one of these precautionary actions, you are probably not ready for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> suites.)"
msgstr "(これらの用心のための方策の何れもできないなら、テスト版<literal>testing</literal>や不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>スイーツを使うのにはあなたはきっと準備不足です。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4596
msgid "<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">Enlightenment</ulink> with the following will save a person from the eternal <ulink url=\"&karmic;\">karmic</ulink> struggle of upgrade <ulink url=\"&hell;\">hell</ulink> and let him reach Debian <ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">nirvana</ulink>."
msgstr "以下に記すことにより<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">悟り</ulink>を開けば、アップグレード<ulink url=\"&hell;\">地獄</ulink>という果てしない<ulink url=\"&karmic;\">因果応報</ulink>の葛藤から人は解脱し、Debianの<ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">涅槃</ulink>の境地に到達できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4599
msgid "Debian archive basics"
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの基本"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4600
msgid "Let's look into <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> from a system user's perspective."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debianアーカイブ</ulink>をシステムユーザの視点から見てみましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4602
msgid "Official policy of the Debian archive is defined at <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debian Policy Manual, Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive</ulink>."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの正式のポリシーは<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debianポリシーマニュアル、第2章 - Debianアーカイブ</ulink>に規定されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4604
msgid "For the typical HTTP access, the archive is specified in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as, e.g. for the current <literal>stable</literal> = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> system:"
msgstr "典型的なHTTPアクセスの場合、現在の安定版<literal>stable</literal>=<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>システムを例にとると\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルの中にアーカイブは次の様に規定されています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4605
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""
"deb http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4610
msgid "Please note \"<literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal>\" must be replaced with appropriate mirror site URL for your location, for USA \"<literal>ftp.us.debian.org</literal>\", which can be found in <ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">the list of Debian worldwide mirror sites</ulink>.  The status of these servers can be checked at <ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debian Mirror Checker site</ulink>."
msgstr "\"<literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal>\"はあなたの所在場所に合う、<ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">Debianの全世界ミラーサイトリスト</ulink>中に見つかるミラーサイトのURL、例えば日本なら \"<literal>ftp.jp.debian.org</literal>\"、に置き換えなければいけません。これらのサーバーの状況は<ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debianミラー確認サイト</ulink>で確認できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4611
msgid "Here, I tend to use codename \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" instead of suite name \"<literal>stable</literal>\" to avoid surprises when the next <literal>stable</literal> is released."
msgstr "上記で、次の安定版<literal>stable</literal>がリリースされて驚かされ無いように、私はスイート名の\"<literal>stable</literal>\"でなくコード名の\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"を使います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4612
msgid "The meaning of \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is described in <literal>sources.list</literal>(5) and key points are:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の意味は<literal>sources.list</literal>(5)に記載されていて、要点は:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4616
msgid "The \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line defines for the binary packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行がバイナリパッケージのための定義です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4621
msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line defines for the source packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"行がソースパッケージのための定義です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4626
msgid "The 1st argument is the root URL of the Debian archive."
msgstr "一番目の引数は、Debianアーカイブのroot URLです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4631
msgid "The 2nd argument is the distribution name: either the suite name or the codename."
msgstr "二番目の引数は、スイーツ名かコード名のどちらかで与えられるディストリビューション名です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4636
msgid "The 3rd and following arguments are the list of valid archive component names of the Debian archive."
msgstr "三番目次の引数は、Debianアーカイブの中の有効なアーカイブのコンポーネント名のリストです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4640
msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" lines can safely be omitted (or commented out by placing \"#\" at the start of the line) if it is just for <literal>aptitude</literal> which does not access source related meta data. It will speed up the updates of the archive meta data. The URL can be \"<literal>http://</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp://</literal>\", \"<literal>file://</literal>\", …."
msgstr "ソース関連のメタデータにアクセスしない<literal>aptitude</literal>のためだけなら\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"行は安全に省略(もしくは\"#\"を行頭に挿入してコメントアウト)することができます。こうするとアーカイブのメタデータの更新速度が向上します。URLは\"<literal>http://</literal>\"や\"<literal>ftp://</literal>\"や\"<literal>file://</literal>\"等々の何れも可能です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4642
msgid "If \"<literal>sid</literal>\" is used in the above example instead of \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\", the \"<literal>deb: <ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink> …</literal>\" line for security updates in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is not required.  Security updates are only available for <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> (i.e., <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> and <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)."
msgstr "もし上記の例で\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"ではなく\"<literal>sid</literal>\"が使われる場合には、セキュリティアップデートのための\"<literal>deb: http://security.debian.org/ ...</literal>\"行は不要です。安定版<literal>stable</literal>とテスト版<literal>testing</literal>(即ち<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>と<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)にのみセキュリティアップデートがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4644
msgid "Here is the list of URL of the Debian archive sites and suite name or codename used in the configuration file:"
msgstr "次は設定ファイル内に用いられるDebianアーカイブサイトのURLとスイーツ名もしくはコード名です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4646
msgid "List of Debian archive sites."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブサイトのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4654
msgid "archive URL"
msgstr "アーカイブのURL"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4657
msgid "suite name (codename)"
msgstr "スイート名(コード名)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4660
msgid "purpose"
msgstr "目的"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4667
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4677
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4687
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4697
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4708
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4669
msgid "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4672
msgid "stable (&codename-stable;) release"
msgstr "安定版(&codename-stable;)のリリース"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4679
msgid "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4682
msgid "testing (&codename-testing;) release"
msgstr "テスト版(&codename-testing;)のリリース"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4689
msgid "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4692
msgid "unstable (&codename-unstable;) release"
msgstr "不安定版(&codename-unstable;)のリリース"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4700
msgid "<literal>experimental</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4703
msgid "experimental pre-release (optional, only for developer)"
msgstr "実験的プリリリース(任意、開発者専用)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4711
msgid "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4714
msgid "Updates for the next stable point release (optional)"
msgstr "次回安定版ポイントリリース用のアップデート(任意)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4719
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4730
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4722
msgid "<literal>stable/updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stable/updates</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4725
msgid "Security updates for stable release (important)"
msgstr "安定版用のセキュリティアップデート(重要)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4733
msgid "<literal>testing/updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>testing/updates</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4736
msgid "Security updates for testing release (important)"
msgstr "テスト版用のセキュリティアップデート(重要)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4741
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4752
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile;\">http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile;\">http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4744
msgid "<literal>volatile</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>volatile</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4747
msgid "Compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc."
msgstr "スパムフィルタやIMクライアント他用のコンパチブルなアップデート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4755
msgid "<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4758
msgid "Non-compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc."
msgstr "スパムフィルタやIMクライアント他用のノンコンパチブルなアップデート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4763
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpbackportsorgdebian;\">http://backports.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpbackportsorgdebian;\">http://backports.org/debian/</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4766
msgid "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4769
msgid "Newer backported packages for &codename-stable;. (non-official, optional)"
msgstr "&codename-stable;のためのバックポートされたパッケージ。(非正規、任意)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4776
msgid "Only pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release.  If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports_org\"/>) services.  These services must be used with extra care."
msgstr "セキュリティアップデートされた純粋な安定版<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースのみが最善の安定性を提供します。一部<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis>や<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis>由来のパッケージを混用してほとんど<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースを走らせることは、純粋な<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis>リリースを走らせるよりリスクがあります。<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースの下で最新バージョンのいくつかのプログラムが本当に必要なら、<ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">debian-volatileプロジェクト</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink>(<xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports_org\"/>参照)サービスからのパッケージを使って下さい。これらのサービスは細心の注意を持って使う必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4779
msgid "You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line.  If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple listing makes sense for these when the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr "基本的に、<literal>stable</literal>か<literal>testing</literal>か<literal>unstable</literal>のスイーツの内の1つだけを\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行に書くべきです。もし、<literal>stable</literal>と<literal>testing</literal>と<literal>unstable</literal>のスイーツの何らかの組み合わせを\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行に書けば、APTプログラムは、最新のアーカイブのみが有効であるにもかかわらず、実行速度が低下します。\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルがはっきりとした目的を持って使われている場合(<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)のみ複数のリストに意味があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4782
msgid "For the Debian system with the <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> suites, it is a good idea to include lines with \"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to enable security updates as in the example above."
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal>や<literal>testing</literal>スイーツのDebianシステムでは、上記の例のようにセキュリティアップデートを有効とするように\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に\"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\"の行を含めることはいいことです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4784
msgid "Each Debian archive consists of 3 components. Components are alternatively called <ulink url=\"&categoriesindebianpolicy;\">categories in \"Debian Policy\"</ulink> or areas in <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;\">\"Debian Social Contract\"</ulink>.  The component is grouped by the compliance to <ulink url=\"&thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg;\">\"The Debian Free Software Guidelines\" (DFSG)</ulink>:"
msgstr "各Debianアーカイブは3つのコンポーネントから成り立っています。コンポーネントには<ulink url=\"&categoriesindebianpolicy;\">\"Debianポリシー\"ではカテゴリ</ulink>とか<ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;\">\"Debian社会契約\"</ulink>ではエリアという別名が使われています。コンポーネントは<ulink url=\"&thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg;\">\"Debianフリーソフトウエアガイドライン\" (DFSG)</ulink>に準拠しているかどうかによって分類されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4786
msgid "List of Debian archive components."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブコンポーネントのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4794
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13217
msgid "component"
msgstr "コンポーネント"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4797
msgid "number of packages"
msgstr "パッケージ数"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4800
msgid "criteria"
msgstr "クライテリア"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4807
msgid "<literal>main</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>main</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4810
msgid "&main-packages;"
msgstr "&main-packages;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4813
msgid "The package is fully compliant to DSFG and does not depend the <literal>non-free</literal> package."
msgstr "パッケージはDSFGに完全準拠し、<literal>non-free</literal>のパッケージに依存していない。(main=主要)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4818
msgid "<literal>contrib</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>contrib</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4821
msgid "&contrib-packages;"
msgstr "&contrib-packages;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4824
msgid "The package is compliant to the DSFG but depends on the <literal>non-free</literal> package."
msgstr "パッケージはDSFGに完全準拠するが、<literal>non-free</literal>のパッケージに依存しています。(contrib=寄与)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4829
msgid "<literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>non-free</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4832
msgid "&non-free-packages;"
msgstr "&non-free-packages;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4835
msgid "The package is not compliant to the DSFG but distributable and useful."
msgstr "パッケージはDSFGに完全には準拠しないが、頒布可能で有用です。(non-free=非自由)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4841
msgid "Here the number of packages in the above is for the &arch; architecture.  Strictly speaking, only the <literal>main</literal> component archive shall be considered as the Debian system."
msgstr "ここで、上記にあるパッケージ数は&arch;アーキテクチャーに関する数字である。厳密に言うなら、<literal>main</literal>コンポーネントのアーカイブのみをDebianシステムと考えるべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4842
msgid "The Debian archive organization can be studied best by pointing your browser to the each archive URL appended with <literal>dists</literal> or <literal>pool</literal>."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの構成は、各アーカイブのURLの後ろに<literal>dists</literal>か<literal>pool</literal>をつけたURLにブラウザを向ければ学習できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4843
msgid "The distribution is referred by two ways, the suite or <ulink url=\"&codename;\">codename</ulink>. The word distribution is alternatively used as the synonym to the suite in many documentations. The relationship between the suite and the codename can be summarized as:"
msgstr "ディストリビューションは、スイーツと<ulink url=\"&codename;\">コード名</ulink>の2つの方法で言及されます。この他にディストリビューションと言う言葉は多くの文書でスイーツの同義語としても使われています。スイーツとコード名の関係は次のようにまとめられます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4845
msgid "The relationship between suite and codename."
msgstr "スイーツとコード名の関係。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4854
msgid "Timing"
msgstr "タイミング"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4857
msgid "suite = <literal>stable</literal>"
msgstr "スイーツ = 安定版 <literal>stable</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4860
msgid "suite = <literal>testing</literal>"
msgstr "スイーツ = テスト版 <literal>testing</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4863
msgid "suite = <literal>unstable</literal>"
msgstr "スイーツ = 不安定版 <literal>unstable</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4870
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> release"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>リリース後"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4873
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4876
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4887
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4879
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4893
msgid "codename = <literal>sid</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>sid</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4884
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> release"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>リリース後"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4890
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4899
msgid "The history of codenames are described in <ulink url=\"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.3.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>"
msgstr "コード名の歴史は、<ulink url=\"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.3.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>に記載されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4900
msgid "In the stricter Debian archive terminology, the word \"section\" is specifically used for the categorization of packages by the application area.  (Although, the word \"main section\" may sometimes be used to describe the Debian archive section which provides the main component.)"
msgstr "比較的厳格なDebianアーカイブの用語法では、\"セクション\"という言葉はアプリケーションの分野によるパッケージ分類に特化して使われます。(しかし、\"mainセクション\"という言葉はmainコンポーネントを提供するDebianアーカイブ部分を表現するのにしばしば使われています。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4901
msgid "Every time a new upload is done by the Debian developer (DD) to the <literal>unstable</literal> archive (via <ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink> processing), DD is required to ensure uploaded packages to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the latest <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr "Debianデベロッパー(DD)が不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブに新たなアップロードを(<ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink>での処理を経由して)する度毎に、アップロードするパッケージが最新の不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブの最新のパッケージ集合とコンパチブルであるようにする義務がDDにはあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4902
msgid "If DD breaks this compatibility intentionally for important library upgrade etc, there is usually announcement to <ulink url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">the debian-devel mailing list</ulink> etc."
msgstr "重要なライブラリーのアップグレード他の理由でDDがこのコンパチビリティーを壊す際には、<ulink url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">debian-develのメーリングリスト</ulink>他に通常アナウンスがされます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4903
msgid "Before a set of packages are moved by the Debian archive maintenance script from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive to the <literal>testing</literal> archive, the archive maintenance script not only checks the maturity (about 10 days old) and the status of the RC bug reports for the packages but also tries to ensure them to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the <literal>testing</literal> archive. This process makes the <literal>testing</literal> archive very current and usable."
msgstr "Debianのアーカイブ管理スクリプトによって非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブへパッケージ集合が移動される前に、アーカイブ管理スクリプトはパッケージの成熟度(約10日経過)とRCバグレポート状況を確認するばかりでなく、テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブの最新パッケージ集合とのコンパチブルであるようにするように努めます。このプロセスがあるので、テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブは非常に新しくかつ使いやすいのです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4904
msgid "Through the gradual archive freeze process led by the release team, the <literal>testing</literal> archive will be matured to make it completely consistent and bug free with some manual interventions.  Then the new <literal>stable</literal> release is created by assigning the codename for the old <literal>testing</literal> archive to the new <literal>stable</literal> archive and creating the new codename for the new <literal>testing</literal> archive.  The initial contents of the new <literal>testing</literal> archive is exactly the same as that of the newly released <literal>stable</literal> archive."
msgstr "リリースチームによる徐々のアーカイブ凍結過程を通じて、少々の手動の介入を伴いつつテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブは完全に整合性をもったバグの無い状態へと徐々に熟成されます。そして、古いテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブのコード名を新たな安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブへと割り当て、新たなコード名を新たなテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブへと割り当てることで、新たな安定版<literal>stable</literal>がリリースされます。新たなテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブの当初の内容は、新たにリリースされた安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブとまったく同じです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4905
msgid "Both the <literal>unstable</literal> and the <literal>testing</literal> archives may suffer temporary glitches due to:"
msgstr "不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>もテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブもともに一時的に次のような理由で細かな問題発生があるかもしれません:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4909
msgid "broken package upload to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>),"
msgstr "ブロークンなパッケージのアーカイブへのアップロード(主に<literal>unstable</literal>にて)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4914
msgid "delay of accepting the new packages to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>),"
msgstr "新たなパッケージをアーカイブに受け入れる際の遅れ(主に<literal>unstable</literal>にて)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4919
msgid "archive synchronization timing issue (both for <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal>),"
msgstr "アーカイブの同期のタイミング問題(<literal>testing</literal>と<literal>unstable</literal>の両方にて)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4924
msgid "manual intervention to the archive such as package removal (more for <literal>testing</literal>), etc."
msgstr "パッケージの除去などのアーカイブへの手動の介入(どちらかといえば<literal>testing</literal>にて)、等。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4928
msgid "So if you ever decide to use these archives, you should be able to fix or work around these kinds of glitches."
msgstr "もしこれらのアーカイブを使おうと考えるなら、この種の細かな問題の修復や回避は必須技能です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4930
msgid "For about few months after a new <literal>stable</literal> release, most desktop users should use the <literal>stable</literal> archive with its security updates even if they usually use <literal>unstable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> archives.  For this transition period, both <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives are not good for most people. Your system is difficult to keep in good working condition with the <literal>unstable</literal> archive since it suffers surges of major upgrades for core packages.  The <literal>testing</literal> archive is not useful either since it contains mostly the same content as the <literal>stable</literal> archive without its security support (<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce 2008-12</ulink>). After a month or so, the <literal>unstable</literal> archive may be usable if you are careful."
msgstr "たとえいつも非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>やテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを使っていようとも、ほとんどのデスクトップユーザは新たな安定版<literal>stable</literal>リリースの後約数ヶ月はセキュリティアップデートされた安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブを使うべきです。この移行期は、非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>もテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブの何れももほとんどの人に良いものではありません。非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブを使おうとすると、核となるパッケージが大アップグレードの嵐に見舞われるので、あなたのシステムをうまく使える状態に保つのは困難です。テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを使おうとしても、安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブとほとんど同じ内容でセキュリティサポートはありません(<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce 2008-12</ulink>)。1ヶ月ほど経てば、非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブなら注意を払えば使えるかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4933
msgid "When tracking the <literal>testing</literal> archive, problem caused by a removed package is usually worked around by installing corresponding package from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive which is uploaded for bug fix."
msgstr "テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを追跡している際には、除去されたパッケージによって引き起こされる問題は該当するバグ修正のためにアップロードされたパッケージを非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからインストールすれば通常回避できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4935
msgid "See <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> for definition of:"
msgstr "次の定義は<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debianポリシーマニュアル</ulink>参照:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4939
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&sections;\">Sections</ulink>\","
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&sections;\">セクション</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4944
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">Priorities</ulink>\","
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">優先度(priorities)</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4949
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">Base system</ulink>\", and"
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">ベースシステム</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4954
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">Essential packages</ulink>\"."
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">必須パッケージ</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4960
msgid "Package dependencies"
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4961
msgid "The Debian system offers a consistent set of binary packages through its versioned binary dependency declaration mechanism in the control file fields.  Here is a bit over simplified definition for them."
msgstr "Debianシステムはコントロールファイル中のバージョン情報付きのバイナリ依存関係宣言を通して整合性のあるバイナリパッケージの集合を提供します。ここにその少々簡素化しすぎの定義を示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4963
msgid "List of package dependencies."
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4970
msgid "dependency"
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4980
msgid "Depends"
msgstr "Depends"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4983
msgid "This declares an absolute dependency and all of the packages listed in this field must be installed at the same time or in advance."
msgstr "これは絶対依存を宣言し、このフィールドにリストされた全てのパッケージは同時または事前にインストールされていなければいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4988
msgid "Pre-Depends"
msgstr "Pre-Depends"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4991
msgid "This is like Depends, except that it requires completed installation of the listed packages in advance."
msgstr "これは、リストされたパッケージが事前にインストールを完了している必要がある以外は、Dependsと同様です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4996
msgid "Recommends"
msgstr "Recommends"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4999
msgid "This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.  Most users would not want the package unless all of the packages listed in this field are installed."
msgstr "これは強いが絶対でない依存を宣言します。多くのユーザはこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージ全てが導入されていなければ、当該パッケージを望まないでしょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5004
msgid "Suggests"
msgstr "Suggests"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5007
msgid "This declares a weak dependency.  Many users of this package may benefit from installing packages listed in this field but can have reasonable functions without them."
msgstr "これは弱い依存を宣言します。このパッケージの多くのユーザはこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージを導入すればメリットを享受できるとは言え、それら抜きでも十分な機能が得られます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5012
msgid "Enhances"
msgstr "Enhances"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5015
msgid "This declares a week dependency like Suggests but works in the opposite direction."
msgstr "これはSuggests同様の弱い依存を宣言しますが、依存作用の方向が逆です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5020
msgid "Conflicts"
msgstr "Conflicts"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5023
msgid "This declares an absolute incompatibility.  All of the packages listed in this field must be removed to install this package."
msgstr "これは絶対的排他関係を宣言します。このフィールドにリストされた全てのパッケージを除去しない限り当該パッケージを導入できません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5028
msgid "Replaces"
msgstr "Replaces"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5031
msgid "This is declared when files installed by this package replace files in the listed packages."
msgstr "当該パッケージによりインストールされるファイルがこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージのファイルを置き換える際にこれを宣言します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5036
msgid "Provides"
msgstr "Provides"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5039
msgid "This is declared when this package provide all of the files and functionality in the listed packages."
msgstr "当該パッケージがこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージのファイルと機能の全てを提供する際にこれを宣言します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5046
msgid "Please note that defining, Provides, Conflicts and Replaces simultaneously to an virtual package is the sane configuration.  This ensures that only one real package providing this virtual package can be installed at any one time."
msgstr "正常な設定としてProvidesとConflictsとReplacesとを単一バーチャルパッケージに対し同時宣言することがあります。こうするといかなる時にも当該バーチャルパッケージを提供する実パッケージのうち確実に一つだけがインストールされます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5048
msgid "The official definition including source dependency can be found in <ulink url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>."
msgstr "ソースの依存関係をも含む正式の定義は<ulink url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>にあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5051
msgid "The event flow of the package management"
msgstr "パッケージ管理のイベントの流れ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5052
msgid "Here is a summary of the simplified event flow of the package management by APT."
msgstr "パッケージ管理の簡略化されたイベントの流れをまとめると次のようになります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5055
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">update</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">更新</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5060
msgid "fetch archive metadata from remote archive."
msgstr "アーカイブメタデータをリモートアーカイブから取得。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5065
msgid "reconstruct and update local metadata for use by APT."
msgstr "APTが使えるようローカルメタデータを再構築し更新。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5071
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\", or \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">アップグレード</emphasis>(\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"と\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\"か、\"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\"と\"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5076
msgid "chose candidate version which is usually the latest available version for all installed packages. (See <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> for exception.)"
msgstr "APTシステムは最新バージョンが普通選ばれる<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>を全てのインストール済みパッケージに関して決定する。(例外については<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>参照。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5081
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5122
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5163
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5194
msgid "make package dependency resolution."
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係の解決。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5086
msgid "fetch selected binary packages from remote archive if candidate version is different from installed version."
msgstr "もし候補バージョンがインストール済みバージョンとことなる際には、選ばれたバイナリパッケージをリモートアーカイブから取得。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5091
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5132
msgid "unpack fetched binary packages."
msgstr "取得バイナリパッケージの開梱。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5096
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5137
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis>スクリプトの実行"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5101
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5142
msgid "install binary files."
msgstr "バイナリファイルのインストール。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5106
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5147
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis>スクリプトの実行。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5112
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get install …</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install ...</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get install ...</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5117
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5158
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5189
msgid "chose packages listed on the command line."
msgstr "コマンドラインにリストされたパッケージの選択。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5127
msgid "fetch selected binary packages from remote archive."
msgstr "選ばれたバイナリパッケージをリモートアーカイブから取得。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5153
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get remove …</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">削除</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove ...</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get remove ...</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5168
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5199
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis>スクリプトの実行"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5173
msgid "remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">except</emphasis> configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイル<emphasis role=\"strong\">以外の</emphasis>インストール済みファイルの削除。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5178
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5209
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis>スクリプトの実行。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5184
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get purge …</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全削除</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge ...</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get purge ...</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5204
msgid "remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">including</emphasis> configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイル<emphasis role=\"strong\">を含めた</emphasis> インストール済みファイルの削除。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5215
msgid "Here, I intentionally skipped technical details for the sake of big picture."
msgstr "上記では全体像の理解のためにわざと技術詳細を端折っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5218
msgid "First response to package management troubles"
msgstr "パッケージ管理のトラブルへの応急対処法"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5219
msgid "You should read the fine official documentation.  The first document to read is the Debian specific \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README.Debian</literal>\".  Other documentation in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/</literal>\" should be consulted too. If you set shell as <xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>, type:"
msgstr "内容が正確な正式文書を読むように心がけるべきです。まずDebianに特定のことが記載された\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README.Debian</literal>\"を最初に読むべきです。また\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/</literal>\"の中にある他の文書も参照すべきです。<xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>に書かれたようなシェル設定がされていれば、次のようにタイプしてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5220
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd &lt;package_name&gt;\n"
"$ pager README.Debian\n"
"$ mc"
msgstr ""
"$ cd &lt;package_name&gt;\n"
"$ pager README.Debian\n"
"$ mc"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5223
msgid "You may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" suffix for detailed information."
msgstr "さらに詳しい情報を得るには\"<literal>-doc</literal>\"というサフィックスを持った対応する文書パッケージをインストールする必要があるかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5224
msgid "If you are experiencing problems with a specific package, make sure to check out these sites first:"
msgstr "特定のパッケージで問題を経験した際には、次のサイトを確認してください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5226
msgid "List of key web site to resolving problems with a specific package."
msgstr "特定パッケージの問題解決のためのキーとなるウエッブサイトのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5233
msgid "site"
msgstr "サイト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5243
msgid "Home page of <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug tracking system (BTS)</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debianバグトラッキングシステム(BTS)</ulink>のホームページ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5246
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5251
msgid "The bug report of a known package name."
msgstr "既知のパッケージに関するバグレポート。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5254
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5259
msgid "The bug report of known bug number."
msgstr "既知のバグ番号に関するバグレポート。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5262
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5268
msgid "Search <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> with search words including \"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\", etc.."
msgstr "\"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\"や\"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal>\"や\"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\"等を含む検索語で<ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink>を検索する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5269
msgid "When you file a bug report, please use <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) command."
msgstr "バグ報告をする際には、<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)コマンドを使いましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5273
msgid "Basic package management operations"
msgstr "基本的パッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5274
msgid "Aptitude is the current preferred package management tool for the Debian system.  It can be used as the commandline alternative to <literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> and also as the full screen interactive package management tool."
msgstr "AptitudeはDebianシステムで現在推薦されるパッケージ管理ツールです。<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal>をコマンドラインで代替もしますし、またフルスクリーンのインタラクティブなパッケージ管理ツールとしても使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5275
msgid "For the package management operation which involves package installation or updates package metadata, you need to have root privilege."
msgstr "パッケージをインストールしたりパッケージのメタデータを更新するようなパッケージ管理操作にはroot権限が必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5277
msgid "Basic package management operations with commandline"
msgstr "コマンドラインによる基本的なパッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5278
msgid "Here are package management operations with commandline using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) /<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)や<literal>apt-get</literal>(8) /<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)を使うコマンドラインによるパッケージ管理操作を次に記します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5280
msgid "Package management operations with commandline using aptitude and apt-get / apt-cache."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>や<literal>apt-get</literal> /<literal>apt-cache</literal>を使うコマンドラインによるパッケージ管理操作"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5287
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>シンタックス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5289
msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal>シンタックス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5299
msgid "<literal>aptitude update</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude update</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5302
msgid "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5305
msgid "Update package archive metadata."
msgstr "アーカイブメタデータの更新。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5310
msgid "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5313
msgid "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5316
msgid "Install candidate version of \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its dependencies."
msgstr "\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージの候補バージョンをその依存関係とともにインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5321
msgid "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5324
msgid "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5327
msgid "Install candidate version of installed packages without removing any other packages."
msgstr "他のパッケージを削除すること無くインストール済みパッケージの候補バージョンをインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5332
msgid "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5335
msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade &lt;package&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade &lt;パッケージ&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5338
msgid "Install candidate version of installed packages while removing other packages if needed."
msgstr "必要なら他のパッケージを削除しながらインストール済みパッケージの候補バージョンをインストールする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5343
msgid "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5346
msgid "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5349
msgid "Remove \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package while leaving its configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイルを残したまま\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージを削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5354
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5423
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5434
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16677
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16680
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16944
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16947
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21368
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21371
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25767
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25780
msgid "N/A"
msgstr "N/A"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5357
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5360
msgid "Remove auto-installed packages which is no longer required."
msgstr "既に必要なくなっている自動済みパッケージを削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5365
msgid "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5368
msgid "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5371
msgid "Purge \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイルを含めて\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージを完全削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5376
msgid "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5379
msgid "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5382
msgid "Clear out the local repository of retrieved package files completely."
msgstr "収集されローカルに貯蔵されたパッケージファイルを完全に消去する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5387
msgid "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5390
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5393
msgid "Clear out the local repository of retrieved package files for outdated packages."
msgstr "収集されローカルに貯蔵されたパッケージファイルのうち古くなったパッケージを消去する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5398
msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5401
msgid "<literal>apt-cache show &lt;package&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache show &lt;パッケージ&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5404
msgid "Display detailed information about \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package."
msgstr "\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージに関する詳細情報を表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5409
msgid "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5412
msgid "<literal>apt-cache search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5415
msgid "Search packages which match &lt;regex&gt;."
msgstr "&lt;regex&gt;とマッチするパッケージを探す。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5420
msgid "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5426
msgid "Explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages should be installed."
msgstr "なぜ&lt;regex&gt;とマッチするパッケージがインストールされるのかを説明する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5431
msgid "<literal>aptitude why-not &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude why-not &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5437
msgid "Explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages can not be installed."
msgstr "なぜ&lt;regex&gt;とマッチするパッケージがインストールされないのかを説明する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5443
msgid "Although it is now safe to mix different package tools on the Debian system, it is best to continue using <literal>aptitude</literal> as much as possible."
msgstr "Debianシステム上の異なったパッケージツールを混用しても問題が起こらなくなりましたが、できるだけ<literal>aptitude</literal>を使い続けるのが最善です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5444
msgid "The difference between \"<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>full-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>\" only appears when new versions of packages stand in different dependency relationships from old versions of those packages.  The \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" command will never install new packages nor remove installed packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>upgrade</literal>\"や\"<literal>full-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>\"の違いは新しいバージョンのパッケージが該当する古いバージョンと異なった依存関係がある場合にのみ起こります。\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"コマンドは新規のパッケージをインストールも削除もしません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5445
msgid "The \"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\" can list more information by \"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\".  Similar information can be obtained by \"<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\"は\"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\"とすることでさらに詳しい情報を表示します。同様の情報は\"<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"とすることでも得られます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5446
msgid "When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full screen interactive mode by pressing \"<literal>e</literal>\"-key later at the prompt."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>コマンドが最初コマンドラインモードで実行されパッケージ間のコンフリクトのような問題に直面した場合は、プロンプトがでた際に\"<literal>e</literal>\"を押すことでフルスクリーンのインタラクティブモードに切り替えられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5447
msgid "You may provide command options right after \"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"のすぐ後ろにコマンドオプションをつけられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5449
msgid "Notable command options for <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)に関する特記すべきコマンドオプション。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5456
msgid "command option"
msgstr "コマンドオプション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5466
msgid "<literal>-s</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-s</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5469
msgid "simulate the result of the command."
msgstr "コマンド結果のシミュレートをする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5474
msgid "<literal>-d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-d</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5477
msgid "download only but no install/upgrade."
msgstr "インストール/アップグレードをせずにダウンロードだけする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5482
msgid "<literal>-D</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-D</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5485
msgid "show brief explanations before the automatic installations and removals."
msgstr "自動的なインストールや削除の前に簡単な説明を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5491
msgid "See <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and \"aptitude user's manual\" at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\" for more."
msgstr "詳細は<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\"にある\"aptitude user's manual\"を参照してください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5493
msgid "The <literal>dselect</literal> package is still available and was the preferred full screen interactive package management tool in previous releases."
msgstr "現在でも存続している<literal>dselect</literal>パッケージは、過去のリリースでは推薦されたフルスクリーンのインタラクティブなパッケージ管理ツールでした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5497
msgid "Interactive use of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeのインタラクティブな使用"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5498
msgid "For the interactive package management, you start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode from the console shell prompt as:"
msgstr "インタラクティブなパッケージ管理のためには<literal>aptitude</literal>をコンソールのシェルからインタラクティブモードで次のように立ち上げます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5499
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo aptitude -u\n"
"Password:"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo aptitude -u\n"
"Password:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5501
msgid "This will update the local copy of the archive information and display the package list in the full screen with menu.  Aptitude places its configuration at \"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"."
msgstr "これによりアーカイブ情報のローカルコピーは更新され、フルスクリーンのパッケージリストがメニュー付きで表示されます。Aptitudeの設定ファイルは\"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"にあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5503
msgid "If you want to use root's configuration instead of user's one, use \"<literal>sudo -H aptitude …</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>sudo aptitude …</literal>\" in the above expression."
msgstr "userの設定ファイルでなくrootの設定ファイルを使いたい際には、上記の例で\"<literal>sudo aptitude ...</literal>\"の代わりに\"<literal>sudo -H aptitude ...</literal>\"を使いましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5506
msgid "<literal>Aptitude</literal> automatically sets <emphasis role=\"strong\">pending actions</emphasis> as it is started interactively. If you do not like it, you can reset it from menu: \"Action\" → \"Cancel pending actions\"."
msgstr "<literal>Aptitude</literal>はインタラクティブに起動されると<emphasis role=\"strong\">次にするアクション</emphasis>を自動的に設定します。その設定が好ましくない場合はメニュー:\"Action\" → \"Cancel pending actions\"からリセットすることができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5510
msgid "Key bindings of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeのキーバインディング"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5511
msgid "Notable key strokes to browse status of packages and to set \"planned action\" on them in this full screen mode are:"
msgstr "パッケージの状態を閲覧し、\"予定のアクション\"の設定をこのフルスクリーンモードで各パッケージするための重要なキーは次です:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5513
msgid "List of key bindings for aptitude."
msgstr "aptitudeのキーバインディングのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5529
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>もしくくは<literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5532
msgid "Menu"
msgstr "メニュー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5540
msgid "Display <emphasis role=\"strong\">help</emphasis> for keystroke (more complete listing)"
msgstr "(より詳細な)キーの意味の<emphasis role=\"strong\">ヘルプ</emphasis>の表示"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5544
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> → Help → User's Manual"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal> → ヘルプ → ユーザマニュアル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5547
msgid "Display User's Manual"
msgstr "ユーザマニュアルの表示"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5552
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20265
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24057
msgid "<literal>u</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>u</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5555
msgid "Update package archive information"
msgstr "パッケージアーカイブ情報の更新"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5560
msgid "<literal>+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>+</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5563
msgid "Mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> or the <emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis>"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">アップグレード</emphasis>または<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis>するとマークする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5571
msgid "Mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (keep configuration files)"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">削除</emphasis>するとマークする。(設定ファイルは温存)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5576
msgid "<literal>_</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>_</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5579
msgid "Mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (remove configuration files)"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全削除</emphasis>するとマークする。(設定ファイルも削除)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5584
msgid "<literal>=</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>=</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5587
msgid "Place the package on <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis>"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">ホールド</emphasis>する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5592
msgid "<literal>U</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>U</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5595
msgid "Mark all upgradable packages (function as <emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>)"
msgstr "全てのアップグレード可能なパッケージをマークする。(<emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>として機能)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5600
msgid "<literal>g</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>g</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5603
msgid "Start <emphasis role=\"strong\">downloading</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">installing</emphasis> selected packages"
msgstr "選ばれたパッケージの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダウンロード</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis>を開始する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5608
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19891
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24025
msgid "<literal>q</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>q</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5611
msgid "Quit current screen and save changes"
msgstr "現在のスクリーンを終了し変更を保存する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5616
msgid "<literal>x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>x</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5619
msgid "Quit current screen and discard changes"
msgstr "現在のスクリーンを終了し変更を廃棄する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5624
msgid "<literal>Enter</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Enter</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5627
msgid "View information about a package"
msgstr "パッケージに関する情報閲覧する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5632
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18681
msgid "<literal>C</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>C</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5635
msgid "View a package's changelog"
msgstr "パッケージの変更履歴の閲覧する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5643
msgid "Change the limit for the displayed packages"
msgstr "表示されるパッケージの制限を変更する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5651
msgid "Search for the first match"
msgstr "最初のマッチを検索する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5656
msgid "<literal>\\</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5659
msgid "Repeat the last search"
msgstr "最近の検索を繰り返す。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5665
msgid "The file name specification of the command line and the menu prompt after pressing \"<literal>l</literal>\" and \"<literal>//</literal>\" take the aptitude regex as described below.  Aptitude regex can explicitly match a package name using a string started by \"<literal>~n</literal> and followed by the package name."
msgstr "コマンドラインのファイル名の規定や、\"<literal>l</literal>\"や\"<literal>/</literal>\"を押した後のメニュープロンプトは次に記すaptitudeのregex(正規表現)が使われます。aptitudeのregexは\"<literal>~n</literal>\"で始めそれにパッケージ名を続けた文字列を使うことで明示的にパッケージ名とマッチさせられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5667
msgid "You need to press \"<literal>U</literal>\" to get all the installed packages upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> in the visual interface.  Otherwise only the selected packages and certain packages with versioned dependency to them are upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis>."
msgstr "ビジュアルインターフェースで全てのインストール済みパッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>にアップグレードさせるには\"<literal>U</literal>\"を押さなければいけません。これをしないと選ばれたパッケージとそれにバージョン付きの依存関係のある特定のパッケージのみがアップグレードされます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5671
msgid "Package views under aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeの下でのパッケージの表示"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5672
msgid "In the interactive full screen mode of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), packages in the package list are displayed like this by default:"
msgstr "インタラクティブなフルスクリーンモードの<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)は次のようなデフォルトのパッケージリスト形式でパッケージを表示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5673
#, no-wrap
msgid "idA   libsmbclient                             -2220kB 3.0.25a-1  3.0.25a-2"
msgstr "idA   libsmbclient                             -2220kB 3.0.25a-1  3.0.25a-2"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5674
msgid "Here, this line means from the left as:"
msgstr "この行は左から次のような意味です:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5678
msgid "The \"current state\" flag (the first letter)"
msgstr "\"現状\"フラグ(1番目の文字)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5683
msgid "The \"planned action\" flag (the second letter)"
msgstr "\"予定のアクション\"フラグ(2番目の文字)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5688
msgid "The \"automatic\" flag (the third letter)"
msgstr "\"自動\"フラグ(3番目の文字)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5693
msgid "The package name"
msgstr "パッケージ名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5698
msgid "The change in disk space usage attributed to \"planned action\""
msgstr "\"予定のアクション\"に帰属されるディスクスペースの使用の変化"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5703
msgid "The current version of the package"
msgstr "パッケージの現バージョン"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5708
msgid "The candidate version of the package"
msgstr "パッケージの候補バージョン"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5713
msgid "The full list of flags are given at the bottom of <emphasis role=\"strong\">Help</emphasis> screen shown by pressing \"<literal>?</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>?</literal>\"を押して表示される<emphasis role=\"strong\">ヘルプ</emphasis>スクリーンの一番下に全フラグのリストがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5715
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> is chosen according to the current local preferences (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr "現在のローカルの環境設定によって<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>は選ばれます(<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)と<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>を参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5716
msgid "Several types of package views are available under the menu \"<literal>Views</literal>\":"
msgstr "\"<literal>表示</literal>\"メニューの下に数種のパッケージ表示があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5718
msgid "List of views for aptitude."
msgstr "aptitudeの表示のリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5726
msgid "view"
msgstr "表示"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5729
msgid "categorization"
msgstr "分類"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5732
msgid "status"
msgstr "状況"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5739
msgid "<literal>Package View</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>パッケージ画面</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5742
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/>. (default)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/>参照。(デフォルト)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5745
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5756
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5767
msgid "Good"
msgstr "良好"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5750
msgid "<literal>Audit Recommendations</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>推奨を監査</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5753
msgid "Packages which are recommended by some installed packages but not yet installed are listed."
msgstr "何らかのインストール済みパッケージによって推薦されているがインストールされていないパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5761
msgid "<literal>Flat Package List</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>平坦なパッケージリスト</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5764
msgid "Packages are listed without categorization (for use with regex)."
msgstr "パッケージを分類されずにリストする(regexとともに使うため)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5772
msgid "<literal>Debtags Browser</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Debtags表示</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5775
msgid "Packages are categorized according to their <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink> entries."
msgstr "パッケージの<ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>のエントリーにより分類し表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5778
msgid "Very usable"
msgstr "十分使える"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5783
msgid "<literal>Categorical Browser</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>カテゴリ別表示</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5786
msgid "Packages are categorized according to their category."
msgstr "パッケージの分類別に分類表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5789
msgid "Deprecated (Use <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>!)"
msgstr "非推奨 (<ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>を使おう！)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5796
msgid "Please help us <ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">improving tagging packages with debtags!</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">パッケージのdebtagsによるタグ付け状況を改善する</ulink>のにご協力下さい！"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5798
msgid "The standard \"<literal>Package View</literal>\" categorizes packages somewhat like <literal>dselect</literal> with few extra features."
msgstr "標準\"<literal>パッケージ画面</literal>\"はパッケージを<literal>dselect</literal>にいくつかの機能を加えた感じで分類します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5800
msgid "The categorization of standard package views."
msgstr "標準パッケージ画面の分類。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5807
msgid "category"
msgstr "分類"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5810
msgid "organization"
msgstr "構成"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5817
msgid "<literal>Upgradable Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>更新可能なパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5820
msgid "Organized as section → component → package"
msgstr "セクション → コンポーネント → パッケージ、という構成"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5825
msgid "<literal>New Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>新規パッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5833
msgid "<literal>Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>インストール済みのパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5841
msgid "<literal>Not Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>インストールされていないパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5849
msgid "<literal>Obsolete and Locally Created Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>廃止された、またはローカルで作成されたパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5857
msgid "<literal>Virtual Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>仮想パッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5860
msgid "You can pick a particular package from a set of packages with the same function."
msgstr "同一機能を持ったパッケージの集合から特定のパッケージを選択できる。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5865
msgid "<literal>Tasks</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>タスク</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5868
msgid "You can cherry pick particular packages from a set of packages of a task."
msgstr "特定タスクのパッケージ集合から特定のパッケージを良いとこ取りで選択できる。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5876
msgid "Search method options with aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeを使った探索方法"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5877
msgid "Aptitude offers several options for you to search packages using its regex formula:"
msgstr "Aptitudeはそのregex式機能を通してパッケージを探索する方法をいくつか提供します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5881
msgid "\"<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>\" to list installation status, package name and short description of matching packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>\"はマッチするパッケージのインストール状態やパッケージ名や短い説明をリストします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5886
msgid "\"<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>\" to list detailed description of the package."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>\"はパッケージに関する詳細な説明をリストします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5891
msgid "limit view to matching packages: Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" in the full screen mode."
msgstr "マッチングするパッケージに表示を制限: フルスクリーンモードで\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5896
msgid "search the first found package: type \"<literal>/</literal>\" in the full screen mode.  \"<literal>n</literal>\" for find-next, \"<literal>\\</literal>\" for backward search."
msgstr "最初にマッチングするパッケージを表示: フルスクリーンモードで\"<literal>/</literal>\"とタイプ。\"<literal>n</literal>\"で前方探索、\"<literal>\\</literal>\"で後方探索。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5900
msgid "Here, the string for &lt;package_name&gt; is treated as the exact string match to the package name unless it is started explicitly with \"<literal>~</literal>\" to be the regex formula."
msgstr "&lt;package_name&gt;という文字列は、\"<literal>~</literal>\"で始めてregex式と明示されていない限り、パッケージ名との完全な一致検索として扱います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5903
msgid "The aptitude regex formula"
msgstr "aptitudeのregex式"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5904
msgid "The aptitude regex formula is mutt-like extended <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>) and the meanings of the <literal>aptitude</literal> specific special match rule extensions are as below:"
msgstr "aptitudeのregex式はmutt的な拡張<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>(<xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>参照)で<literal>aptitude</literal>に特定なマッチ規則の拡張は次に示すとおりです:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5906
msgid "List of the aptitude regex formula."
msgstr "aptitudeのregex式のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5913
msgid "meaning of the extended match rule"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">拡張マッチ規則の意味</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5916
msgid "regex formula"
msgstr "regex式"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5923
msgid "match on package name"
msgstr "パッケージ名とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5926
msgid "<literal>~n&lt;regex_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~n&lt;名前のregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5931
msgid "match on description"
msgstr "記述とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5934
msgid "<literal>~d&lt;regex_description&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~d&lt;記述のregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5939
msgid "match on task name"
msgstr "タスク名とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5942
msgid "<literal>~t&lt;regex_task&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~t&lt;タスクのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5947
msgid "match on debtag"
msgstr "debtagとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5950
msgid "<literal>~G&lt;regex_debtag&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~G&lt;debtagのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5955
msgid "match on maintainer"
msgstr "メンテナとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5958
msgid "<literal>~m&lt;regex_maintainer&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~m&lt;maintainerのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5963
msgid "match on package section"
msgstr "パッケージセクションとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5966
msgid "<literal>~s&lt;regex_section&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~s&lt;セクションのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5971
msgid "match on package version"
msgstr "パッケージバージョンとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5974
msgid "<literal>~V&lt;regex_version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~V&lt;バージョンのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5979
msgid "match archive"
msgstr "アーカイブ(archive)とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5981
msgid "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5986
msgid "match origin"
msgstr "オリジン(origin)とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5988
msgid "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5993
msgid "match priority"
msgstr "優先度(priority)とのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5995
msgid "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6000
msgid "match essential packages"
msgstr "必須(essential)パッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6003
msgid "<literal>~E</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~E</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6008
msgid "match virtual packages"
msgstr "仮想パッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6011
msgid "<literal>~v</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~v</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6016
msgid "match new packages"
msgstr "新規パッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6019
msgid "<literal>~N</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~N</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6024
msgid "match with pending action"
msgstr "次のアクションとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6026
msgid "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6031
msgid "match installed packages"
msgstr "インストール済みパッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6034
msgid "<literal>~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~i</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6039
msgid "match installed packages with <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark (auto installed package)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-マークのついたインストール済みパッケージとマッチ(自動インストール済みパッケージ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6042
msgid "<literal>~M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~M</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6047
msgid "match installed packages without <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark (administrator selected package)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-マークのついていないインストール済みパッケージとマッチ(管理者が選択したパッケージ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6050
msgid "<literal>~i!~M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~i!~M</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6055
msgid "match installed and upgradable packages"
msgstr "インストール済みかつアップグレード可能なパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6058
msgid "<literal>~U</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~U</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6063
msgid "match removed but not purged packages"
msgstr "削除済みだが完全削除されていないパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6066
msgid "<literal>~c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~c</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6071
msgid "match removed, purged or can-be-removed packages"
msgstr "削除済みか完全削除済みか削除可能なパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6074
msgid "<literal>~g</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~g</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6079
msgid "match packages with broken relation"
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係が壊れたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6082
msgid "<literal>~b</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~b</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6087
msgid "match packages with broken depends/predepends/conflict"
msgstr "depends/predepends/conflictの依存関係が壊れたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6090
msgid "<literal>~B&lt;type&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~B&lt;type&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6095
msgid "match packages whose control files define relation &lt;type&gt; to the &lt;term&gt; package"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の依存関係があるとパッケージのコントロールファイルに記載されたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6098
msgid "<literal>~D[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~D[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6103
msgid "match packages whose control files define <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation &lt;type&gt; to the &lt;term&gt; package"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の<emphasis role=\"strong\">壊れた</emphasis>依存関係があるとパッケージのコントロールファイルに記載されたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6106
msgid "<literal>~DB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~DB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6111
msgid "match packages to which the &lt;term&gt; package defines relation &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の依存関係があるパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6114
msgid "<literal>~R[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~R[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6119
msgid "match packages to which the &lt;term&gt; package defines <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の<emphasis role=\"strong\">壊れた</emphasis>依存関係があるパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6122
msgid "<literal>~RB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~RB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6127
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend on"
msgstr "他のインストール済みパッケージが依存するパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6130
msgid "<literal>~R~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~R~i</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6135
msgid "match packages to which no other installed packages depend on"
msgstr "他のインストール済みパッケージが一切依存しないパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6138
msgid "<literal>!~R~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>!~R~i</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6143
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend or recommend on"
msgstr "他のインストール済みパッケージが依存もしくは推薦するパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6146
msgid "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6151
msgid "match &lt;term&gt; package with filtered version"
msgstr "フィルタされたバージョンの&lt;term&gt;とマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6154
msgid "<literal>~S filter &lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~S filter &lt;term&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6159
msgid "match all packages (true)"
msgstr "常に全てのパッケージにマッチ(真)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6162
msgid "<literal>~T</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~T</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6167
msgid "match no packages (false)"
msgstr "どのパッケージにもマッチしない(偽)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6170
msgid "<literal>~F</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~F</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6180
msgid "regex part is the same <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> as the one used in typical Unix-like text tools using \"<literal>^</literal>\", \"<literal>.*</literal>\", \"<literal>$</literal>\" etc. as in <literal>egrep</literal>(1), <literal>awk</literal>(1) and <literal>perl</literal>(1)."
msgstr "regex部分は、\"<literal>^</literal>\"や\"<literal>.*</literal>\"や\"<literal>$</literal>\"などを使う<literal>egrep</literal>(1)や<literal>awk</literal>(1)や<literal>perl</literal>(1)といった典型的なUnix的テキストツールで使われる<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>と同様です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6185
msgid "relation &lt;type&gt; is one of (depends, predepends, recommends, suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)."
msgstr "関係を表す&lt;type&gt;は(depends, predepends, recommends, suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)の内の一つです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6190
msgid "the default relation type is \"depends\"."
msgstr "デフォルトの関係は\"depends\"です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6195
msgid "When &lt;regex_pattern&gt; is a null string, place \"<literal>~T</literal>\" immediately after the command."
msgstr "&lt;regex_pattern&gt;がヌル文字列の場合は\"<literal>~T</literal>\"をコマンドの直後に使ってください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6197
msgid "Short cuts:"
msgstr "近道:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6201
msgid "\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6206
msgid "\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6211
msgid "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6215
msgid "Users familiar with <literal>mutt</literal> will pick up quickly, as mutt was the inspiration for the expression syntax. See \"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS\" in the \"User's Manual\" \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\"."
msgstr "muttが表現のお手本なので、<literal>mutt</literal>に慣れているユーザはすぐ慣れるでしょう。\"User's Manual\" (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\")中の\"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS\"を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6217
msgid "With the <literal>lenny</literal> version of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax such as \"<literal>?broken</literal>\" may be used for regex matching in place for its old <emphasis role=\"strong\">short form</emphasis> equivalent \"<literal>~b</literal>\". Now space character \"<literal> </literal>\" is considered as one of the regex terminating character in addition to tilde character \"<literal>~</literal>\".  See \"User's Manual\" for the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax."
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>バージョンの<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)では、新規の\"<literal>?broken</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">長形式</emphasis>のregexマッチ形式が、古い\"<literal>~b</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">短形式</emphasis>のマッチ形式に代えて使えます。そのためチルダ文字\"<literal>~</literal>\"二加えてスペース文字\"<literal> </literal>\"もregexの終端文字として扱われます。新規の<emphasis role=\"strong\">長形式</emphasis>のマッチ形式については\"User's Manual\"を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6221
msgid "Dependency resolution of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeによる依存関係の解決"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6222
msgid "The selection of a package in <literal>aptitude</literal> not only pulls in packages which are defined in its \"<literal>Depends:</literal>\" list but also defined in the \"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\" list if the menu \"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Dependency handling\" is set accordingly.  These auto installed packages are removed automatically if they are no longer needed under <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr " <literal>aptitude</literal>によるパッケージの選択は、\"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Dependency handling\"のメニュー設定に従って、\"<literal>Depends:</literal>\"リストに規定されたパッケージばかりでは無く\"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\"リストに規定されたパッケージも引き込みます。このような自動的にインストールされたパッケージは不要になると<literal>aptitude</literal>が自動的に削除します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6224
msgid "Before the <literal>lenny</literal> release, <literal>apt-get</literal> and other standard APT tools did not offer the autoremove functionality."
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>リリース以前は、<literal>apt-get</literal>等の他の標準的なAPTツールは自動的削除機能がありませんでした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6228
msgid "Package activity logs"
msgstr "パッケージアクティビティーログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6229
msgid "You can check package activity history in the log files."
msgstr "パッケージアクティビティーの履歴はログファイルで確認できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6231
msgid "The log files for package activities."
msgstr "パッケージアクティビティーのログファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6238
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6820
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7199
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9032
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11229
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11320
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11389
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13724
msgid "file"
msgstr "ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6241
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6826
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9155
msgid "content"
msgstr "内容"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6248
msgid "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6251
msgid "Log of <literal>dpkg</literal> level activity for all package activities."
msgstr "全パッケージアクティビティーの<literal>dpkg</literal>レベルのアクティビティーのログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6256
msgid "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6259
msgid "Log of generic APT activity."
msgstr "APTアクティビティーのログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6264
msgid "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6267
msgid "Log of <literal>aptitude</literal> command activity."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>コマンドアクティビティーのログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6273
msgid "In reality, it is not so easy to get meaningful understanding quickly out from these logs.  See <xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> for easier way."
msgstr "これらのログから意味のある理解を迅速に得るのは実際には難しいです。より簡単な方法については<xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6276
msgid "Aptitude advantages"
msgstr "Aptitudeの長所"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6277
msgid "Aptitude has advantages over other APT based packaging systems (apt-get, apt-cache, synaptic, …):"
msgstr "Aptitudeは他のAPT準拠のパッケージシステム(apt-get, apt-cache, synaptic, …)と比べて次の有利な点があります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6280
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> removes unused auto installed packages automatically using its own extra layer of package state file (<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>). (For new \"<literal>lenny</literal>\", other APT does the same.)"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>は独自の追加層(<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>)を使用して自動インストールされ使われなくなったパッケージを自動的に削除します。(新しい<literal>lenny</literal>では、他のAPTも同様のことをします。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6284
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> makes it easy to resolve package conflicts and to add recommended packages."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を使うことでパッケージ間のコンフリクト解消や推薦パッケージの追加がしやすくなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6288
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> makes it easy to keep track of obsolete software by listing under \"Obsolete and Locally Created Packages\"."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を使うことで\"廃止された、またはローカルで作成されたパッケージ\"の下にリストすることで廃止ソフトウェアを追跡がしやすくなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6292
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> gives a log of its history in \"<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>は\"<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>にその履歴記録を残します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6296
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers access to all versions of the package if available."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を使うことで利用可能な全てのバージョンのパッケージにアクセスできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6300
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> includes a fairly powerful regex based system for searching particular packages and limiting the package display."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>には特定パッケージを探したり表示を制限するためのかなり強力なregexシステムがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6304
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> in the full screen mode has <literal>su</literal> functionality embedded and can be run from normal user until you really need administrative privileges."
msgstr "フルスクリーンモードの<literal>aptitude</literal>は<literal>su</literal>機能がついているので本当に管理権限が必要になるまでは通常のユーザからの実行ができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6308
msgid "For the old <literal>etch</literal> release version, <literal>synaptic</literal> also gives you the history log; <literal>apt-get</literal> did not but you can rely on the log of <literal>dpkg</literal>."
msgstr "古い<literal>etch</literal>リリースのバージョンでは、<literal>synaptic</literal>にも履歴記録はありましたが、<literal>dpkg</literal>の記録に頼らなければ<literal>apt-get</literal>には履歴記録はありませんでした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6309
msgid "Anyway, <literal>aptitude</literal> is nice for interactive console use."
msgstr "何れにせよ<literal>aptitude</literal>はコンソールでのインタラクティブな使用に好適です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6313
msgid "Examples of aptitude operations"
msgstr "aptitude操作例"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6314
msgid "Here are few examples of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) operations."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)操作例を次に示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6316
msgid "List packages with regex matching package name"
msgstr "regexにマッチするパッケージ名のパッケージをリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6317
msgid "The following command lists packages with regex matching names."
msgstr "次のコマンドはregexにマッチする名前のパッケージをリストします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6318
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n"
"p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n"
"p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr ""
"$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n"
"p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n"
"p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6321
msgid "This is quite handy for you to find the exact name of a package."
msgstr "これはパッケージの正確な名前を探すときに非常に便利です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6324
msgid "Browse with the regex matching"
msgstr "regexマッチをして閲覧"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6325
msgid "The regex \"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt, limits view to packages with the matching description and let you browse their information interactively."
msgstr "\"平坦なパッケージリスト\"のビューで\"<literal>l</literal>\"のプロンプトにregex\"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\"を入れるとその意味にマッチするパッケージにビューが制限され、その情報をインタラクティブに閲覧できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6328
msgid "Purge removed packages for good"
msgstr "パッケージを本当に完全削除"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6329
msgid "You can purge all remaining configuration files of removed packages:"
msgstr "削除したパッケージが残した全ての設定ファイルを完全削除できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6330
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude search '~c'"
msgstr "# aptitude search '~c'"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6334
msgid "check results"
msgstr "結果の確認"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6338
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude purge '~c'"
msgstr "# aptitude purge '~c'"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6339
msgid "You may want to do the similar in the interactive mode for fine grained control."
msgstr "同様のことをインタラクティブにすればよりきめの細かい結果が得られます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6340
msgid "You provide the regex \"<literal>~c</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt.  This limits the package view only to regex matched packages, i.e., \"removed but not purged\".  All these regex matched packages can be shown by pressing \"<literal>[</literal>\" at top level headings."
msgstr "\"平坦なパッケージリスト\"のビューで\"<literal>l</literal>\"のプロンプトにregex\"<literal>~c</literal>\"を入れるとregexにマッチする\"削除されたが完全さ駆除されていない\"パッケージにビューが制限されます。トップレベルの見出しの上で\"<literal>[</literal>\"を押すとregexにマッチする全てのパッケージが表示されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6341
msgid "Then you press \"<literal>_</literal>\" at top level headings such as \"Installed Packages\".  Only regex matched packages under the heading are marked to be purged by this.  You can exclude some packages to be purged by pressing \"<literal>=</literal>\" interactively for each of them."
msgstr "次に\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"等のトップレベルの見出しの上で\"<literal>_</literal>\"を押します。その見出しの下のregexにマッチするパッケージだけが完全削除と設定されます。インタラクティブに個々のパッケージの上で\"<literal>=</literal>\"を押せばそれらのパッケージを完全削除対象から外せます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6342
msgid "This technique is quite handy and works for many other command keys."
msgstr "このテクニックは非常に便利で、他の多くのコマンドキーでも使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6345
msgid "Tidy auto/manual install status"
msgstr "自動/手動インストールの状態の整理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6346
msgid "Here is how I tidy auto/manual install status for packages (after using non-aptitude package installer etc.):"
msgstr "(非aptitudeのパッケージインストーラー等を使った後で)パッケージの自動/手動インストールの状態を整理する私の方法を次に記します:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6350
msgid "Start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode as root."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>をrootとしてインタラクティブに起動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6355
msgid "Type \"<literal>u</literal>\", \"<literal>U</literal>\", \"<literal>f</literal>\" and \"<literal>g</literal>\" to update and upgrade package list and packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>u</literal>\"と\"<literal>U</literal>\"と\"<literal>f</literal>\"と\"<literal>g</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージリストを更新しパッケージをアップグレードします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6360
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\" and type \"<literal>M</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as auto installed."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>M</literal>\"とタイプして自動インストールされたとします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6365
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as manual installed."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>m</literal>\"とタイプして手動インストールされたとします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6370
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\" and remove unused package by typing \"<literal>-</literal>\" over each of them after exposing them by typing \"<literal>[</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>[</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージを見えるようにした後で個々のパッケージの上で\"<literal>-</literal>\"とタイプして使っていないパッケージを削除します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6375
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" as manual installed."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>M</literal>\"とタイプして自動インストールされたとします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6380
msgid "Exit <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を終了。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6385
msgid "Start \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to check what are not used."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\"とrootから起動して何が使われていないのか確認します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6390
msgid "Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>とインタラクティブモードで起動して必要なパッケージを\"<literal>m</literal>\"でマークします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6395
msgid "Restart \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to recheck REMOVED contain only expected packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\"とrootから再起動して削除対象が期待にかなっていることを再確認します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6400
msgid "Start \"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to autoremove unused packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\"とrootから起動して使用していないパッケージを自動削除します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6404
msgid "The \"<literal>m</literal>\" action over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" is an optional one to prevent mass package removal situation in future."
msgstr "\"<literal>Tasks</literal>\"の上で\"<literal>m</literal>\"を押すのも一案で、大量ファイル除去となる事態が回避できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6407
msgid "System wide upgrade with aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeを使ったシステム全体のアップグレード"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6409
msgid "When moving to a new release etc, you should consider to perform a clean installation of new system even though Debian is upgradable as described below.  This provides you a chance to remove garbages collected and exposes you to the best combination of latest packages.  Of course, you should make a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) before doing this. I recommend to make a dual boot configuration using different partition to have the smoothest transition."
msgstr "新しいリリース等への移行は、Debianでは下記のようにアップグレードできるのですが、新たなシステムをクリーンインストールすることを考えるべきです。こうすると溜めてきたゴミの除去ができる上に最新のパッケージの最良の組み合わせも分かります。もちろん安全な場所に完全なシステムのバックアップ(<xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>参照)を事前にしなくてはいけません。異なったパーティションを使ったデュアルブート設定をすることをスムーズな移行をするためにお薦めします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6411
msgid "You can perform system wide upgrade to a newer release by changing contents of the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file pointing to a new release and running the \"<literal>aptitude update; aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" command."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルの内容を新しいリリースへと向けるように変更し、\"<literal>aptitude update; aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\"コマンドを実行することでシステム全体のアップグレードができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6412
msgid "To upgrade from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal>, you replace \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" example of <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> with \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>sid</literal>\"."
msgstr "安定版<literal>stable</literal>からテスト版<literal>testing</literal>や不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>にアップグレードするには、<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>にある\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"例の\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"を\"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\"か\"<literal>sid</literal>\"に置き換えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6413
msgid "In reality, you may face some complications due to some package transition issues, mostly due to package dependencies.  The larger the difference of the upgrade, the more likely you face larger troubles.  For the transition from the old <literal>stable</literal> to the new <literal>stable</literal> after its release, you can read its new <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> and follow the exact procedure described in it to minimize troubles."
msgstr "一部のパッケージで移行に関して支障をきたすことが実際には起こるかもしれません。これは大体パッケージ依存関係に起因します。アップグレードする差が大きければ大きいほど比較的大きな問題似合う可能性がより大きくなります。以前の安定版<literal>stable</literal>からリリース後の新しい安定版<literal>stable</literal>への移行では新しい<ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">リリースノート</ulink>を読んでそこに記載された手続き通りに完全にすれば問題発生を防げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6414
msgid "When you decide to move from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> before its formal release, there are no <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> to help you. The difference between <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> could have grown quite large after the previous <literal>stable</literal> release and makes upgrade situation complicated."
msgstr "安定版<literal>stable</literal>からテスト版<literal>testing</literal>へ移行すると決めた時には頼りにする<ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">リリースノート</ulink>はありません。前回の安定版<literal>stable</literal>のリリースの後で安定版<literal>stable</literal>とテスト版<literal>testing</literal>の差がかなり大きくなっているかもしれません。そうだとアップグレードをする状況は複雑になっています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6415
msgid "You should make some precautionary moves while gathering latest information from mailing list and using common sense:"
msgstr "メーリングリストから最新情報を収集するとか常識を使うといった予防措置をするべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6419
msgid "read previous \"Release Notes\"."
msgstr "前回の\"リリースノート\"を読む。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6424
msgid "back up entire system (especially data and configuration information)."
msgstr "全システム(特にデータや設定情報)をバックアップする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6429
msgid "have bootable media handy for broken bootloader."
msgstr "ブートローダーが壊れたときのためにブートできる媒体を確保する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6434
msgid "inform users on the system well in advance."
msgstr "システムを使っているユーザに十分事前に通告する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6439
msgid "record upgrade activity with <literal>script</literal>(1)."
msgstr "<literal>script</literal>(1)を使ってアップグレード活動を記録する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6444
msgid "apply \"unmarkauto\" to required packages, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude unmarkauto vim</literal>\", to prevent removal."
msgstr "削除をされないように\"<literal>aptitude unmarkauto vim</literal>\"等として、\"unmarkauto\"を重要なパッケージに適用する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6449
msgid "minimize installed packages to reduce chance of package conflicts, e.g., remove desktop task packages."
msgstr "デスクトップタスクにあるパッケージ等を削除して、インストールされたパッケージを減らしてパッケージがコンフリクトする可能性を減らす。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6454
msgid "remove the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file. (disable apt-pinning)"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを削除する。(apt-pinningを無効にする)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6459
msgid "try to upgrade step wise: <literal>oldstable</literal> → <literal>stable</literal> → <literal>testing</literal> → <literal>unstable</literal>."
msgstr "段階的にアップグレードするように努める:旧安定版<literal>oldstable</literal> → 安定版<literal>stable</literal> → テスト版<literal>testing</literal> → 不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6464
msgid "update the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to point to new archive only and run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルをアップデートして新しいアーカイブに向けて、\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"を実行する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6469
msgid "install, optionally, new <emphasis role=\"strong\">core packages</emphasis> first, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"等として、新規の<emphasis role=\"strong\">中核的パッケージ</emphasis>のインストールを必要に応じて先にする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6474
msgid "run the \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade -s</literal>\" command to assess impact."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade -s</literal>\"コマンドを実行して影響を確認する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6479
msgid "run the \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" command."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\"コマンドを実行する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6484
msgid "It is not wise to skip major Debian release when upgrading between <literal>stable</literal> releases."
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal>リリース間でアップグレードする際にDebianのメジャーリリースを飛ばすのは賢明ではない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6487
msgid "In previous \"Release Notes\", GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, APT tool chain, etc. have required some special attention for system wide upgrade."
msgstr "過去の\"リリースノート\"ではシステム全体のアップグレードをするのにGCCやLinuxカーネルやinitrd-toolsやGlibcやPerlやAPT tool chain等には特別な配慮が必要でした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6489
msgid "For daily upgrade in <literal>unstable</literal>, see <xref linkend=\"_safeguard_for_package_problems\"/>."
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal>での毎日のアップグレードは<xref linkend=\"_safeguard_for_package_problems\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6493
msgid "Advanced package management operations"
msgstr "高度なパッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6495
msgid "Advanced package management operations with commandline"
msgstr "コマンドラインによる高度なパッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6496
msgid "Here are list of other package management operations for which <literal>aptitude</literal> is too high-level or lacks required functionalities."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>ではハイレベル過ぎるとか必要な機能を欠くという他のパッケージ管理操作のリストです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6498
msgid "List of advanced package management operations."
msgstr "高度なパッケージ管理操作のリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6515
msgid "list status of an installed package for the bug report."
msgstr "バグレポートのためのにインストールされたパッケージの状態をリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6518
msgid "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;パッケージ名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6523
msgid "list contents of an installed package."
msgstr "インストールされたパッケージの内容をリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6526
msgid "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6531
msgid "list manpages for an installed package."
msgstr "インストールされたパッケージのmanページをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6534
msgid "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;パッケージ名&gt; | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6539
msgid "list installed packages which have matching file name."
msgstr "マッチするファイル名があるインストールされたパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6542
msgid "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;ファイル名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6547
msgid "list packages in archive which have matching file name."
msgstr "マッチするファイル名があるアーカイブ中のパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6550
msgid "<literal>apt-file search &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-file search &lt;ファイル名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6555
msgid "list contents of matching packages in archive."
msgstr "アーカイブ中のマッチするパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6558
msgid "<literal>apt-file list &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-file list &lt;パッケージ名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6563
msgid "reconfigure the exact package ."
msgstr "特定パッケージを再設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6566
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6571
msgid "reconfigure the exact package with the most detailed question."
msgstr "もっとも詳細な質問で特定パッケージを再設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6574
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6579
msgid "reconfigure packages from the full screen menu."
msgstr "フルスクリーンメニューからパッケージを再設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6582
msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>configure-debian</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6587
msgid "audit system for partially installed packages."
msgstr "部分的にインストールされたパッケージに関してシステムを監査する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6590
msgid "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6595
msgid "configures all partially installed packages."
msgstr "全ての部分的にインストールされたパッケージを設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6598
msgid "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6603
msgid "show available version, priority, and archive information of a binary package."
msgstr "バイナリパッケージに関して使用可能なバージョンやプライオリティーやアーカイブ情報を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6606
msgid "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;バイナリパッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6611
msgid "show available version, archive information of a package."
msgstr "パッケージに関して使用可能なバージョンやアーカイブ情報を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6614
msgid "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6619
msgid "show source package information of a binary package."
msgstr "バイナリパッケージに関してソースパッケージの情報を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6622
msgid "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;バイナリパッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6627
msgid "install required packages to build package."
msgstr "パッケージをビルドするのに必要なパッケージをインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6630
msgid "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6635
msgid "download a source. (from standard archive)"
msgstr "(標準アーカイブから)ソースをダウンロードする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6638
msgid "<literal>apt-get source &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get source &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6643
msgid "download a source packages. (from other archive)"
msgstr "(他のアーカイブから)ソースをダウンロードする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6646
msgid "<literal>dget &lt;URL for dsc file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dget &lt;dscファイルのURL&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6651
msgid "build a source tree from a set of source packages (\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")."
msgstr "ソースパッケージの組(\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\"と\"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")からソースツリーをビルドする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6654
msgid "<literal>dpkg-source -x &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-source -x &lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;バージョン&gt;-&lt;debianバージョン&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6659
msgid "build package(s) from a local source tree."
msgstr "ローカルのソースツリーからパッケージをビルドする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6662
msgid "<literal>debuild binary</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>debuild binary</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6667
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree."
msgstr "カーネルソースツリーからカーネルパッケージをビルドする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6670
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6675
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree with initramfs enabled."
msgstr "カーネルソースツリーからinitramfsを有効にしてカーネルパッケージをビルドする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6678
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6683
msgid "install a local package to the system."
msgstr "ローカルパッケージをシステムにインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6686
msgid "<literal>dpkg -i &lt;package_name&gt;<emphasis>&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;</emphasis>&lt;arch&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -i &lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;バージョン&gt;-&lt;debianバージョン&gt;_&lt;アーキテクチャー名&gt;.deb</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6691
msgid "install local package(s) to the system."
msgstr "ローカルパッケージ(複数)をシステムにインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6694
msgid "<literal>debi &lt;package_name&gt;<emphasis>&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;</emphasis>&lt;arch&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>debi &lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;バージョン&gt;-&lt;debianバージョン&gt;_&lt;アーキテクチャー名&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6699
msgid "save <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>レベルのパッケージ選択状態情報を保存する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6702
msgid "<literal>dpkg --get-selection '*' &gt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --get-selection '*' &gt;selection.txt</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6707
msgid "set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>レベルのパッケージ選択状態情報を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6710
msgid "<literal>dpkg --set-selection &lt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --set-selection &lt;selection.txt</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6717
msgid "Lower level package tools such as \"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\" and \"<literal>debi …</literal>\" should be carefully used by the system administrator.  It does not automatically take care required package dependencies. Dpkg's commandline options \"<literal>--force-all</literal>\" and similar (see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1)) are intended to be used by experts only.  Using them without fully understanding their effects may break your whole system."
msgstr "\"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\"や\"<literal>debi …</literal>\"といった低いレベルのパッケージツールはシステム管理者によって注意深く使われなければいけません。必要なパッケージ依存関係を自動的に面倒見てくれません。Dpkgの\"<literal>--force-all</literal>\"や類似のコマンドラインオプション(<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)参照)はエキスパートだけが使うようにできています。十分にその影響を理解せずに使うとシステム全体を壊してしまうかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6719
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17969
msgid "Please note:"
msgstr "次に注意下さい:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6723
msgid "All system configuration and installation commands require to be run from root."
msgstr "全てのシステム設定やインストールコマンドはrootから実行なければいけません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6728
msgid "Unlike <literal>aptitude</literal> which uses regex (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>), other package management commands use pattern like shell glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."
msgstr "regex(<xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>参照)を使う<literal>aptitude</literal>と異なり、他のパッケージ管理コマンドはシェルグロブ(<xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>参照)のようなパターンを使います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6732
msgid "<literal>apt-file</literal>(1) provided by the <literal>apt-file</literal> package must run \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" in advance."
msgstr "<literal>apt-file</literal>パッケージに入っている<literal>apt-file</literal>(1)は事前に\"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\"を実行する必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6736
msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8) provided by the <literal>configure-debian</literal> package runs <literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) as its backend."
msgstr "<literal>configure-debian</literal>パッケージに入っている<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8)はそのバックエンドとして<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8)を実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6740
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) runs package scripts using <literal>debconf</literal>(1) as its backend."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8)はそのバックエンドとして<literal>debconf</literal>(1)を利用するパッケージスクリプトを実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6745
msgid "\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\", \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\" commands require \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" entry in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\"コマンドは\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"エントリーが必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6749
msgid "<literal>dget</literal>(1), <literal>debuild</literal>(1), and <literal>debi</literal>(1) require <literal>devscripts</literal> package."
msgstr "<literal>dget</literal>(1)や<literal>debuild</literal>(1)や<literal>debi</literal>(1)は<literal>devscripts</literal>パッケージが必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6754
msgid "see (re)packaging procedure using \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" in <xref linkend=\"_port_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\"を使った(再)パッケージ化の手続きは<xref linkend=\"_port_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6758
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg</literal> command requires the <literal>kernel-package</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>)."
msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg</literal>コマンドは<literal>kernel-package</literal>パッケージが必要です(<xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6763
msgid "see <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/> for general packaging."
msgstr "一般的なパッケージ化に関しては<xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6768
msgid "The source package format described here as a set of source packages (\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\") is format 1.0 which is still popular.  See more on <literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1) for other newer formats."
msgstr "ソースパッケージの組としてここで説明したソースパッケージのフォーマット(\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\"と\"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")はまだ主流の1.0フォーマットです。他の新規フォーマットに関しての詳細は<literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6772
msgid "Verify installed package files"
msgstr "インストールされたパッケージファイルの検証"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6773
msgid "The installation of <literal>debsums</literal> enables verification of installed package files against MD5sum values in the \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\" file with <literal>debsums</literal>(1).  See <xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/> for how MD5sum works."
msgstr "<literal>debsums</literal>をインストールすると<literal>debsums</literal>(1)を使って\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\"ファイル中のMD5sum値との比較でインストールされたパッケージファイルを検証できます。MD5sumがどのような仕組かは<xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/>参照ください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6775
msgid "Because MD5sum database may be tampered by the intruder, <literal>debsums</literal>(1) is of limited use as a security tool. It is only good for checking local modifications by the administrator or damage due to media errors."
msgstr "侵入者によってMD5sumのデータベースが改竄されているかもしれないので<literal>debsums</literal>(1)はセキュリティツールとしては限定的有用性しかありません。管理者によるローカルの変更や記憶媒体のエラーによる損傷を点検するぐらいには有用です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6779
msgid "Safeguard for package problems"
msgstr "パッケージの問題に対する防御"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6780
msgid "Many users prefer to follow the <emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis> release of the Debian system for its new features and packages.  This makes the system more prone to be hit by the critical package bugs."
msgstr "多くのユーザは新しい機能やパッケージを求めてDebianシステムの非安定版<emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis>リリースを追いかけることを好みます。こういうことをするとクリティカルなパッケージのバグにシステムが遭遇しやすくなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6781
msgid "The installation of the <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> package will provide safeguard to the critical bugs by checking Debian BTS automatically for critical bugs when upgrading with APT system."
msgstr "<literal>apt-listbugs</literal>パッケージをインストールすれば、APTシステムを使ってアップグレードする時にDebianのBTSを自動的にクリティカルなバグに関して点検することで、クリティカルなバグから防御ができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6782
msgid "The installation of the <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> package will provide important news in \"<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>\" when upgrading with APT system."
msgstr "<literal>apt-listchanges</literal>パッケージをインストールすれば、APTシステムを使ってアップグレードする時に<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>中の重要ニュースを表示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6785
msgid "Search on the package meta data"
msgstr "パッケージメタデータの検索"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6786
msgid "Although visiting Debian site <ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink> facilitates easy ways to search on the package meta data these days, let's look into more traditional ways."
msgstr "最近はDebianサイトの<ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink>を訪問するとパッケージメタデータの検索を簡単に出きるようになっていますが、より伝統的な方法を見てみましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6787
msgid "The <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1), <literal>grep-status</literal>(1), and <literal>grep-available</literal>(1) commands can be used to search any file which has the general format of a Debian package control file."
msgstr "<literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1)や<literal>grep-status</literal>(1)や<literal>grep-available</literal>(1)コマンドはDebianのパッケージコントロールファイルの一般的フォーマットに従ういかなるファイルを検索するのにも使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6788
msgid "The \"<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>\" can be used search package names which contain files with the matching name installed by <literal>dpkg</literal>.  But this overlooks files created by the maintainer scripts."
msgstr "マッチする名前のファイルを含む<literal>dpkg</literal>でインストールされたパッケージ名を探索するのに\"<literal>dpkg -S &lt;ファイル名パターン&gt;</literal>\"が使えます。しかしメンテナスクリプトで生成されるファイルはこれでは見逃されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6789
msgid "If you need to make more elaborate search on the dpkg meta data, you need to run \"<literal>grep -e regex_pattern *</literal>\" command in the \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\" directory.  This will let you identify:"
msgstr "dpkgのメタデータに関するより詳細な検索をする必要がある場合、\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\"ディレクトリで\"<literal>grep -e regexパターン *</literal>\"コマンドを実行しないといけません。こうすることで次のことが分かります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6793
msgid "the package name which installs, creates or modifies particular file which match pattern."
msgstr "パターンにマッチする特定ファイルをインストールや作成や改変するパッケージ名。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6798
msgid "the package name which asks the installation query words which match pattern."
msgstr "パターンにマッチするインストールの質問文言を聞くパッケージ名。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6802
msgid "If you wish to look up package dependency recursively, you should use <literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)."
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係を再帰的に検索したい際には、<literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)を使いましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6806
msgid "Debian package management internals"
msgstr "Debianパッケージ管理の内部"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6807
msgid "Let's learn how the Debian package management system works internally.  This should help you to create your own solution to some package problems."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理システムが内部的のどのように機能するのかを学びましょう。何らかのパッケージ問題が発生した際にあなた自身の解決を見出すのに役立つでしょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6809
msgid "Archive meta data"
msgstr "アーカイブのメタデータ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6810
msgid "Meta data files for each distribution are stored under \"<literal>dist/&lt;codename&gt;</literal>\" on each Debian mirror sites, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal>\".  Its archive structure can be browsed by the web browser. There are 6 types of key meta data:"
msgstr "各ディストリビューションのメタデータのファイルは例えば\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal>\"のような各Debianミラーサイトの\"<literal>dist/&lt;コード名&gt;</literal>\"の下に保存されています。そのアーカイブ構造はウエッブブラウザで閲覧できます。6つのタイプの重要メタデータがあります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6812
msgid "The content of the Debian archive meta data."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブのメタデータの内容。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6823
msgid "location"
msgstr "場所"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6833
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6866
msgid "<literal>Release</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Release</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6836
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6847
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6858
msgid "top of distribution"
msgstr "ディストリビューションのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6839
msgid "archive description and integrity information"
msgstr "アーカイブの説明との整合性情報"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6844
msgid "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6850
msgid "signature file for the \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file signed with the archive key"
msgstr "アーカイブキーで署名された\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルに関する署名ファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6855
msgid "<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6861
msgid "list of all files for all the packages in the pertinent archive"
msgstr "該当アーカイブ中全てのパッケージに関する全ファイルリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6869
msgid "top of each distribution/component/architecture combination"
msgstr "各ディストリビューション/コンポーネント/アーキテクチャーの組み合わせのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6872
msgid "archive description used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)"
msgstr "<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)のルールに利用されるアーカイブの記述。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6877
msgid "<literal>Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Packages</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6880
msgid "top of each distribution/component/binary-architecture combination"
msgstr "各ディストリビューション/コンポーネント/バイナリアーキテクチャーの組み合わせのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6883
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for binary packages"
msgstr "バイナリパッケージに関して<literal>debian/control</literal>を連結"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6888
msgid "<literal>Sources</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Sources</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6891
msgid "top of each distribution/component/source combination"
msgstr "各ディストリビューション/コンポーネント/ソースの組み合わせのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6894
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for source packages"
msgstr "ソースパッケージに関して<literal>debian/control</literal>を連結"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6900
msgid "In the recent archive, these meta data are stored as the compressed and differential files to reduce network traffic."
msgstr "最近のアーカイブではネットワークトラフィックを減らすべく圧縮された差分ファイルとしてこれらのメタデータは保存されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6903
msgid "Top level \"Release\" file and authenticity"
msgstr "トップレベルの\"Release\"ファイルと信憑性"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6905
msgid "The top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is used for signing the archive under the <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セキュアAPT</emphasis>システムではトップレベルの\"Release\"ファイルがアーカイブを署名するのに使われています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6907
msgid "Each suite of the Debian archive has a top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>\":"
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの各スイーツには例えば\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>\"のようなトップレベルの\"Release\"ファイルがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6908
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Suite: unstable\n"
"Codename: sid\n"
"Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:13:58 UTC\n"
"Architectures: alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n"
"Components: main contrib non-free\n"
"Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n"
"MD5Sum:\n"
" e9f11bc50b12af7927d6583de0a3bd06 22788722 main/binary-alpha/Packages\n"
" 43524d07f7fa21b10f472c426db66168  6561398 main/binary-alpha/Packages.gz\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Suite: unstable\n"
"Codename: sid\n"
"Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:13:58 UTC\n"
"Architectures: alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n"
"Components: main contrib non-free\n"
"Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n"
"MD5Sum:\n"
" e9f11bc50b12af7927d6583de0a3bd06 22788722 main/binary-alpha/Packages\n"
" 43524d07f7fa21b10f472c426db66168  6561398 main/binary-alpha/Packages.gz\n"
"..."

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6921
msgid "Here, you can find my rationale to use the \"suite\", \"codeneme\", and \"components\" in <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>.  The \"distribution\" is used when referring to both \"suite\" and \"codeneme\"."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>の中で\"スイーツ(suite)\"や\"コード名(codename)\"や\"コンポーネント(component)\"を使う理由はこれを見れば分かるでしょう。\"ディストリビューション\"は\"スイーツ\"と\"コード名\"との両方を指したい際に用いられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6923
msgid "The integrity of the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is verified by cryptographic infrastructure called the <ulink url=\"&secureapt;\">secure apt</ulink>."
msgstr "トップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルの整合性は <ulink url=\"&secureapt;\">セキュアapt</ulink>という暗号学手法インフラストラクチャーによって検証されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6927
msgid "The cryptographic signature file \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" is created from the authentic top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file and the secret Debian archive key."
msgstr "暗号手法による署名ファイル\"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\"は真正のトップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルと秘密のDebianアーカイブキーから作成されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6932
msgid "The public Debian archive key can be seeded into \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\":"
msgstr "公開のDebianアーカイブキーは\"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"に取り込むには次のようにします:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6937
msgid "automatically by installing the keyring with the latest <literal>base-files</literal> package, or"
msgstr "最新の<literal>base-files</literal>パッケージを用いてキーリングをインストールすることで自動で取り込む。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6942
msgid "manually by <literal>gpg</literal> or <literal>apt-key</literal> tool with <ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">the latest public archive key posted on the ftp-master.debian.org</ulink> ."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">ftp-master.debian.orgに掲示された最新の公開アーカイブキー</ulink>を<literal>gpg</literal>か<literal>apt-key</literal>ツールを用いて手動で取り込む。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6949
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system verifies the integrity of the downloaded top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file cryptographically by this \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" file and the public Debian archive key in \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セキュアAPT</emphasis>システムはこの\"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\"ファイルと\"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"中の公開アーカイブキーを用いてダウンロードされたトップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルの整合性を暗号学手法を用いて検証します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6953
msgid "The integrity of all the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files are verified by using MD5sum values in its top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file.  The integrity of all package files are verified by using MD5sum values in the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files.  See <literal>debsums</literal>(1) and <xref linkend=\"_verify_installed_package_files\"/>."
msgstr "\"全ての<literal>Packages</literal>\"と\"<literal>Sources</literal>ファイルの整合性はそのトップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイル中のMD5sum値を用いて検証します。\"パッケージファイルの整合性は\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"や\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"ファイル中のMD5sum値を用いて検証します。<literal>debsums</literal>(1)と<xref linkend=\"_verify_installed_package_files\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6954
msgid "Since the cryptographic signature verification is very CPU intensive process than the MD5sum value calculation, use of MD5sum value for each package while using cryptographic signature for the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file provides <ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">the good security with the performance</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)."
msgstr "暗号学手法を用いた署名の検証はMD5sum値の計算よりも非常にCPUを使うプロセスなので、トップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルには暗号学手法を用いた署名を使いつつ各パッケージにはMD5sum値を用いることで<ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">パーフォーマンスを保ったまま良好なセキュリティ</ulink>が確保できます(<xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6957
msgid "Archive level \"Release\" files"
msgstr "アーカイブレベルの\"Release\"ファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6959
msgid "The archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)."
msgstr "アーカイブレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルは<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)のルールに利用されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6961
msgid "There are archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files for all archive locations specified by \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\", such as \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" or \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\":"
msgstr "\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"や\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"等の\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中の\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行で特定される全てのアーカイブロケーションにはアーカイブレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6962
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Architecture: amd64"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6968
msgid "For \"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" stanza, suite names (\"<literal>stable</literal>\", \"<literal>testing</literal>\", \"<literal>unstable</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> while codenames (\"<literal>dapper</literal>\", \"<literal>feisty</literal>\", \"<literal>gutsy</literal>\", \"<literal>hardy</literal>\", \"<literal>intrepid</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">the Ubuntu archive</ulink>."
msgstr "\"<literal>Archive:</literal>\"スタンザには、<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debianアーカイブ</ulink>ではスイート名(\"<literal>stable</literal>\"や\"<literal>testing</literal>\"や\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"等)が使われますが、<ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">Ubuntuアーカイブ</ulink>ではコード名(\"<literal>dapper</literal>\"や\"<literal>feisty</literal>\"や\"<literal>gutsy</literal>\"や\"<literal>hardy</literal>\"や\"<literal>intrepid</literal>\"等)が使われます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6970
msgid "For some archives, such as <literal>experimental</literal>, <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>, and <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>, which contain packages which should not be installed automatically, there is an extra line, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\":"
msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>や<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>や<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>のような自動的にインストールされるべきでないパッケージを含むようなアーカイブでは\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"のような追加の行があります:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6971
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: experimental\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"NotAutomatic: yes\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""
"Archive: experimental\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"NotAutomatic: yes\n"
"Architecture: amd64"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6977
msgid "Please note that for normal archives without \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 500, while for special archives with \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 1 (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr "\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"となっていない通常のアーカイブではデフォルトのPin-Priority値は500ですが、\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"となっている特別なアーカイブではデフォルトのPin-Priority値は1です(<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)と<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6980
msgid "Fetching of the meta data for the package"
msgstr "パッケージメタデータの取得"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6981
msgid "When APT tools, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, <literal>apt-file</literal>, <literal>auto-apt</literal>…, are used, we need to update the local copies of the meta data containing the Debian archive information. These local copies have file names corresponding to the specified <literal>distribution</literal>, <literal>component</literal>, and <literal>architecture</literal> names in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>) as:"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>や<literal>apt-get</literal>や<literal>synaptic</literal>や<literal>apt-file</literal>や<literal>auto-apt</literal>等のAPTツールが使われる際にはDebianアーカイブ情報を含むメタデータのローカルコピーを更新する必要があります。この様なコピーは\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中の<literal>ディストリビューション</literal>と<literal>コンポーネント</literal>と<literal>アーキテクチャー</literal>の名前に対応する次のファイル名です(<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>参照):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6985
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Release</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_Release</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6990
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6995
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_&lt;component&gt;_binary-&lt;architecture&gt;_Packages</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_&lt;コンポーネント&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7000
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_&lt;component&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\", and"
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_&lt;コンポーネント&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7005
msgid "\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" (for <literal>apt-file</literal>)."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.gz</literal>\" (<literal>apt-file</literal>用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7009
msgid "First 4 types of files are shared by all the pertinent APT commands and updated from command line by \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\".  The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\". The \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr "最初の4つのタイプのファイルは全ての適切なAPTコマンド間で共有されておりコマンドラインから\"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"や\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"によって更新されます。もし\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中に\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行があれば\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"メタデータが更新されます。もし\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中に\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"行があれば\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"メタデータが更新されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7010
msgid "The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data contain \"<literal>Filename:</literal>\" stanza pointing to the file location of the binary and source packages.  Currently, these packages are located under the \"<literal>pool/</literal>\" directory tree for the improved transition over the releases."
msgstr "\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"や\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"メタデータはバイナリやソースパッケージのファイルの場所を指している\"<literal>Filename:</literal>\"スタンザを含んでいます。現在、それらのパッケージはリリース間の移行を滞り無くするために\"<literal>pool/</literal>\"ディレクトリツリーの下に置かれています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7011
msgid "Local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data can be interactively searched with the help of <literal>aptitude</literal>.  The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data."
msgstr "\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"メタデータのローカルコピーは<literal>aptitude</literal>を使ってインタラクティブに検索できます。<literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1)という専用の検索コマンドを使うと\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"と\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"メタデータのローカルコピーを検索できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7012
msgid "Local copy of \"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>\" meta data can be updated by \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" and its location is different from other 4 ones. See <literal>apt-file</literal>(1). (The <literal>auto-apt</literal> uses different location for local copy of \"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" as default.)"
msgstr "\"<literal>Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;</literal>\"メタデータのローカルコピーは\"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\"で更新でき、他の4つと異なるところにあります。<literal>apt-file</literal>(1)を参照下さい。(<literal>auto-apt</literal>では\"<literal>Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.gz</literal>\"のローカルコピーがデフォルトでは異なるところにあります。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7015
msgid "The package state for APT"
msgstr "APTに関するパッケージ状態"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7016
msgid "In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the APT tool after <literal>lenny</literal> stores its locally generated installation state information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\" which is used by all APT tools to track all auto installed packages."
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>以降のAPTツールではリモートから取得したメタデータに追加でローカルで生成されるインストール状態情報を\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\"に保存して、自動インストールされた全パッケージを全てのAPTツールで追跡するのに用います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7019
msgid "The package state for aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeに関するパッケージ状態"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7020
msgid "In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the <literal>aptitude</literal> command stores its locally generated installation state information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\" which is used only by it."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>コマンドではリモートから取得したメタデータに追加でローカルで生成されるインストール状態情報を\"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\"に保存して用いています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7023
msgid "Local copies of the fetched packages"
msgstr "取得したパッケージのローカルコピー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7024
msgid "All the remotely fetched packages via APT mechanism are stored in the \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal>\" until they are cleaned."
msgstr "APTメカニズムでリモートから取得されたパッケージは消去されるまでは\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal>\"に貯蔵されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7027
msgid "The Debian package file name"
msgstr "Debianパッケージファイル名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7028
msgid "The Debian package files has particular name structures:"
msgstr "Debianのパッケージファイルには特定の名前の構造があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7030
msgid "The name structure of Debian packages."
msgstr "Debianパッケージの名前の構造。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7037
msgid "package type"
msgstr "パッケージタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7040
msgid "name structure"
msgstr "名前の構造"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7047
msgid "The binary package (a.k.a deb)"
msgstr "バイナリパッケージ(所謂deb)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7050
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.deb</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7055
msgid "The binary package for the debian-installer (a.k.a udeb)"
msgstr "debianインストーラーのためのバイナリパッケージ(所謂udeb)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7058
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.udeb</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.udeb</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7063
msgid "The source package (upstream source)"
msgstr "ソースパッケージ(アップストリームのソース)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7066
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7071
msgid "The source package (Debian changes)"
msgstr "ソースパッケージ(Debianの変更部分)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7074
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7079
msgid "The source package (description)"
msgstr "ソースパッケージ(内容記述)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7082
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7088
msgid "where,"
msgstr "ここで、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7090
msgid "The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names."
msgstr "Debianパッケージ名の各部分に使用可能な文字。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7098
msgid "name component"
msgstr "名前の部分"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7101
msgid "usable characters (regex)"
msgstr "使用可能文字(regex)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7104
msgid "existance"
msgstr "存在"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7111
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7114
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-]</literal></literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-]</literal></literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7117
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7139
msgid "required"
msgstr "必須"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7122
msgid "<literal>&lt;epoch&gt;:</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;エポック&gt;:</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7125
msgid "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7128
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7150
msgid "optional"
msgstr "任意"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7133
msgid "<literal>&lt;upstream-version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7136
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7144
msgid "<literal>&lt;debian.version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7147
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7157
msgid "You can check package version order by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), e.g., \"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\" ."
msgstr "パッケージバージョンの順位は<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)を使って、例えば\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\"とすると確認できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7160
msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">The debian-installer (d-i)</ulink> uses <literal>udeb</literal> as the file extension for its binary package instead of normal <literal>deb</literal>.  An <literal>udeb</literal> package is a stripped down <literal>deb</literal> package which removes few non-essential contents such as documentation to save space while relaxing the package policy requirements.  Both <literal>deb</literal> and <literal>udeb</literal> packages share the same package structure.  The \"<literal>u</literal>\" stands for micro."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">Debianインストーラー(d-i)</ulink>のバイナリパッケージには、通常の<literal>deb</literal>ではなく<literal>udeb</literal>をファイルエクステンションとして使われます。<literal>udeb</literal>パッケージはポリシー条件を緩和しドキュメントのように必須でない内容を削除した減量<literal>deb</literal>パッケージです。<literal>deb</literal>と<literal>udeb</literal>パッケージは同一のパッケージ構造を共有しています。\"<literal>u</literal>\"はマイクロと言う意味で使っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7164
msgid "The dpkg command"
msgstr "dpkgコマンド"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7165
msgid "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) is the lowest level tool for the Debian package management.  This is very powerful and needs to be used with care."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)はDebianパッケージ管理の最下位のツールです。非常に強力ですから気をつけて使う必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7166
msgid "The fetched package is processed by <literal>dpkg</literal> in the following order:"
msgstr "取得されたパッケージは<literal>dpkg</literal>によって次の順で処理されます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7170
msgid "unpack the deb file (\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\" equivalent)"
msgstr "debファイルを解凍(\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\"と等価)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7175
msgid "preinst using <literal>debconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>(1)を使ったpreinst"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7180
msgid "install the package content to the system (\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\" equivalent)"
msgstr "システムにパッケージ内容をインストール(\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\"と等価)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7185
msgid "postinst using <literal>debconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>(1)を使ったpostinst"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7189
msgid "The <literal>debconf</literal> system provides standardized user interaction with I18N and L10N (<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>) supports."
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>システムによってI18NとL10N(<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>)のサポートのある標準化されたユーザとの対話が実現できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7190
msgid "While installing package called \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", <literal>dpkg</literal> creates several files and executes several scripts."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>\"というパッケージをインストールする際に<literal>dpkg</literal>はファイルをいくつか作りスクリプトをいくつか実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7192
msgid "The notable files for dpkg."
msgstr "dpkgに関する特記すべきファイル。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7202
msgid "contents"
msgstr "内容"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7209
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.conffiles</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.conffiles</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7212
msgid "list of configuration files. (user modifiable)"
msgstr "設定ファイルのリスト。(ユーザ変更可能)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7217
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.list</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.list</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7220
msgid "list of files and directories installed by the package."
msgstr "パッケージによりインストールされるファイルやディレクトリのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7225
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.md5sums</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.md5sums</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7228
msgid "list of MD5 hash values for files installed by the package."
msgstr "パッケージによりインストールされるファイルのMD5ハッシュ値のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7233
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.preinst</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7236
msgid "package script run before the package installation."
msgstr "パッケージ導入の前に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7241
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.postinst</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7244
msgid "package script run after the package installation."
msgstr "パッケージ導入の後に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7249
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7252
msgid "package script run before the package removal."
msgstr "パッケージ削除の前に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7257
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7260
msgid "package script run after the package removal."
msgstr "パッケージ削除の前に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7265
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.config</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.conffiles</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7268
msgid "package script for <literal>debconf</literal> system."
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>システムのためのパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7273
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7276
msgid "the alternative information used by the <literal>update-alternatives</literal> command."
msgstr "<literal>update-alternatives</literal>コマンドが用いる代替情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7281
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7284
msgid "the availability information for all the package."
msgstr "すべてのパッケージの入手可能性情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7289
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7292
msgid "the diversions information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set by`dpkg-divert`(8)"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)に用いられ、<literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8)が設定する迂回情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7297
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7300
msgid "the stat override information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set by`dpkg-statoverride`(8)"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)に用いられ、<literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8)が設定する状態の上書き情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7305
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7308
msgid "the status information for all the packages."
msgstr "パッケージに関する情報閲覧する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7313
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7316
msgid "the first-generation backup of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file."
msgstr "\"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\"ファイルの第一世代のバックアップ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7321
msgid "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7324
msgid "the second-generation backup and older ones of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file."
msgstr "\"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\"ファイルの第二世代以前のバックアップ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7330
msgid "The \"<literal>status</literal>\" file is also used by the tools such as <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), \"<literal>dselect update</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>status</literal>\"ファイルは<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)や\"<literal>dselect update</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"のようなツールによって使われます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7331
msgid "The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search the local copies of \"<literal>status</literal>\" and \"<literal>available</literal>\" meta data."
msgstr "<literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1)という専用の検索コマンドを使うと\"<literal>status</literal>\"と\"<literal>available</literal>\"メタデータのローカルコピーを検索できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7333
msgid "In <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the debian-installer</ulink> environment, the <literal>udpkg</literal> command is used to open <literal>udeb</literal> packages.  The <literal>udpkg</literal> command is a stripped down version of the <literal>dpkg</literal> command."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">デビアンインストーラー</ulink> 環境下では、<literal>udpkg</literal>コマンドが<literal>udeb</literal>パッケージを開けるのに用いられます。<literal>udpkg</literal>コマンドはストリップダウンされたバージョンの<literal>dpkg</literal>コマンドです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7337
msgid "The update-alternative command"
msgstr "update-alternativeコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7338
msgid "The Debian system has mechanism to install somewhat overlapping programs peacefully using <literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8).  For example, you can make the <literal>vi</literal> command select to run <literal>vim</literal> while installing both <literal>vim</literal> and <literal>nvi</literal> packages:"
msgstr "Debianシステムには<literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8)を用いて何らかの重畳するプログラムを平和裏にインストールするメカニズムがあります。例えば<literal>vim</literal>と<literal>nvi</literal>の両方のパッケージがインストールされた状況下で<literal>vi</literal>コマンドが<literal>vim</literal>を選択して実行するようにできます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7339
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n"
"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -&gt; /etc/alternatives/vi\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n"
"  Selection    Command\n"
" ----------------------------------------------\n"
"      1        /usr/bin/vim\n"
"*+    2        /usr/bin/nvi\n"
"\n"
"Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n"
"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -&gt; /etc/alternatives/vi\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n"
"  Selection    Command\n"
" ----------------------------------------------\n"
"      1        /usr/bin/vim\n"
"*+    2        /usr/bin/nvi\n"
"\n"
"Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7350
msgid "The Debian alternatives system keeps its selection as symlinks in \"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\".  The selection process uses corresponding file in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"."
msgstr "Debianの代替(alternatives)システムは、その選択を\"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\"の中のシムリンクとして保持します。選択プロセスには\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"の中の対応するファイルが使われます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7353
msgid "The dpkg-statoverride command"
msgstr "dpkg-statoverrideコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7354
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Stat overrides</emphasis> provided by the <literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8) command are a way to tell <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) to use a different owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> when a package is installed. If \"<literal>--update</literal>\" is specified and file exists, it is immediately set to the new owner and mode."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8)コマンドで提供される<emphasis role=\"strong\">状態の上書き</emphasis>は、パッケージをインストールする際に<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル</emphasis>に関して異なる所有者やモードを使うよう<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)に指示する方法です。もし\"<literal>--update</literal>\"が指定されファイルが存在すれば、即座に新たな所有者やモードに設定されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7356
msgid "The direct alteration of owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> owned by the package using <literal>chmod</literal> or <literal>chown</literal> commands by the system administrator will be reset by the next upgrade of the package."
msgstr "パッケージが所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル</emphasis>の所有者やモードをシステム管理者が<literal>chmod</literal>や<literal>chown</literal>コマンドを用いて直接変更しても次のパッケージアップグレードがリセットします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7359
msgid "I use the word <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> here, but in reality this can be any filesystem object that <literal>dpkg</literal> handles, including directories, devices, etc."
msgstr "ここで<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル</emphasis>と言いましたが、実際には<literal>dpkg</literal>が扱うディレクトリやデバイス等のいかなるファイルシステムオブジェクトであってもいいです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7363
msgid "The dpkg-divert command"
msgstr "dpkg-divertコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7364
msgid "File <emphasis role=\"strong\">diversions</emphasis> provided by the <literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8) command are a way of forcing <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) not to install a file into its default location, but to a <emphasis role=\"strong\">diverted</emphasis> location.  The use of <literal>dpkg-divert</literal> is meant for the package maintenance scripts.  Its use by the system administrator is deprecated."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8)コマンドによって提供されるファイル<emphasis role=\"strong\">迂回</emphasis>は、ファイルをデフォルトの場所ではなく<emphasis role=\"strong\">迂回</emphasis>した場所にインストールするように<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)にさせます。<literal>dpkg-divert</literal>は本来パッケージメインテナンススクリプトのためのものです。システム管理者がこれを使うのはお薦めしません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7368
msgid "Recovery from a broken system"
msgstr "壊れたシステムからの回復"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7369
msgid "When running <literal>unstable</literal> system, the administrator is expected to recover from broken package management situation."
msgstr "<literal>非安定(unstable)</literal>システムを動かす時には、管理者は壊れたパッケージ管理状況から回復できることが望ましいです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7371
msgid "Some methods described here are high risk actions.  You have been warned!"
msgstr "ここで説明するいくつかの方法は非常にリスクが高いアクションです。警告しましたよ!"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7374
msgid "Incompatibility with old user configuration"
msgstr "古いユーザの設定との非互換性"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7375
msgid "If a desktop GUI program experienced instability after significant upstream version upgrade, you should suspect interferences with old local configuration files created by it. If it is stable under newly created user account, this hypothesis is confirmed.  (This is a bug of packaging and usually avoided by the packager.)"
msgstr "もしデスクトップGUIプログラムが上流の大きなバージョンアップグレードの後に不安定性を経験した際には、そのプログラムが作った古いローカル設定ファイルとの干渉を疑うべきです。もし新規作成したユーザアカウントでそのプログラムが安定なら、この仮説が裏付けられます。(これはパッケージングのバグで、通常パッケージャーによって回避されます。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7376
msgid "To recover stability, you should move corresponding local configuration files and restart the GUI program.  You may need to read old configuration file contents to recover configuration information later.  (Do not erase them too quickly.)"
msgstr "安定性を回復するには、対応するローカル設定ファイルを移動しGUIプログラムを再スタートします。後日設定情報を回復するために古い設定ファイルの内容を読む必要があるかもしれません。(あまり慌てて消去しないようにしましょう。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7379
msgid "Different packages with overlapped files"
msgstr "重複するファイルを持つ相異なるパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7380
msgid "Archive level package management systems, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1), will not even try to install packages with overlapped files using package dependencies (see <xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)や<literal>apt-get</literal>(1)等の、アーカイブレベルのパッケージ管理システムはパッケージの依存関係を使って重複するファイルを持つファイルのインストールしようとさえしません(<xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7381
msgid "Errors by the package maintainer or deployment of inconsistently mixed source of archives (see <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) by the system administrator may create situation with incorrectly defined package dependencies. When you install a package with overlapped files using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1) under such situation, <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) which unpacks package ensures to return error to the calling program without overwriting existing files."
msgstr "パッケージメインテナによるエラーや、システム管理者による不整合な混合ソースのアーカイブの採用(<xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>参照)があった場合には、パッケージ依存関係が誤って定義される事態が発生するかもしれません。そういう状況下で重複するファイルを持つパッケージを<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)や<literal>apt-get</literal>(1)を使ってインストールしようとすると、パッケージを展開する<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)は既存ファイルを上書きすることなく呼ばれたプログラムにエラーを確実に返します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7383
msgid "The use of third party packages introduces significant system risks via maintainer scripts which are run with root privilege and can do anything to your system.  The <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) command only protects against overwriting by the unpacking."
msgstr "第三者が作成したパッケージを使うと、root権限で実行されるシステムに関して何でもできるメンテナスクリプトが実行されるので、システムが重大なリスクにさらされます。<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)はパッケージを展開するするさいに上書きする事を防止するだけです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7385
msgid "You can work around such broken installation by removing the old offending package, <literal>&lt;old-package&gt;</literal>, first:"
msgstr "そのような壊れたインストール状況は、まず古い問題の原因となっているパッケージ<literal>&lt;old-package&gt;</literal>をまず削除することで回避できます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7386
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7389
msgid "Fixing broken package script"
msgstr "壊れたパッケージスクリプトの修正"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7390
msgid "When a command in the package script returns error for some reason and the script exits with error, the package management system aborts their action and ends up with partially installed packages.  When a package contains bugs in its removal scripts, the package may become impossible to remove and quite nasty."
msgstr "パッケージスクリプト内のコマンドが何らかの理由でエラーを返しスクリプトがエラーで終了した場合には、パッケージ管理システムは動作を途中終了するので部分的にインストールされたパッケージのある状況が生まれます。パッケージがその削除スクリプト内にバグを持つ場合には、パッケージが削除不能になりうるので大変厄介です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7391
msgid "For the package script problem of \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", you should look for:"
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>\"のパッケージスクリプトの問題に関しては、以下を確認する必要があります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7395
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.preinst</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7400
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.postinst</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7405
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>\", and"
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7410
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>\""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7414
msgid "You edit the offending part of the script from the root:"
msgstr "rootからスクリプトの問題源の部分を次のように編集します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7418
msgid "by prepending it with \"<literal>#</literal>\" or,"
msgstr "行頭に\"<literal>#</literal>\"を挿入、または"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7423
msgid "by appending it with \"<literal>|| true</literal>\"."
msgstr "行末に\"<literal>|| true</literal>\"を挿入します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7427
msgid "Then configures all partially installed packages by:"
msgstr "全ての部分的にインストールされたパッケージを設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7428
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --configure -a"
msgstr "# dpkg --configure -a"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7431
msgid "Rescue using the dpkg command"
msgstr "dpkgコマンドを使っての救済"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7432
msgid "Since <literal>dpkg</literal> is very low level package tool, it can function under the very bad situation such as unbootable system without network connection.  Let's assume <literal>foo</literal> package was broken and needs to be replaced."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>は非常に低位のパッケージツールなのでネットワーク接続もないブート不能な非常に劣悪な状況下でも機能します。<literal>foo</literal>パッケージが壊れていて置き換える必要があると仮定しましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7433
msgid "You may still find cached copies of older bug free version of <literal>foo</literal> package in the package cache directory: \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives/</literal>\".  (If not, you can download it from archve of <ulink url=\"&httpsnapshotdebiannet;\">http://snapshot.debian.net/</ulink> or copy it from package cache of a functioning machine.)"
msgstr "バグの無い古いバージョンの<literal>foo</literal>パッケージが\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives/</literal>\"にあるパッケージキャッシュの中に見つかるかもしれません。(ここにみつからなければ、<ulink url=\"&httpsnapshotdebiannet;\">http://snapshot.debian.net/</ulink>アーカイブからダウンロードしたり、機能している機器のパッケージキャッシュからコピーできます。)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7434
msgid "If you can boot the system, you may install it by:"
msgstr "もしブート不可能な場合には、次のようにしてインストールすることもできます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7435
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7437
msgid "If system breakage is minor, you may alternatively downgrade the whole system as <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/> using the higher level APT system."
msgstr "システムがそれほど壊れていないなら、<xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>に書かれているようにして上位のAPTシステムを通じてシステム全体をダウングレードする手もあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7439
msgid "If your system is unbootable from harddisk, you should seek other ways to boot it.  For example, you can:"
msgstr "ハードディスクからブートできない場合には、他の方法でのブートをするようにしましょう。例えば、次の手順をとります:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7443
msgid "boot the system using the debian-installer CD in rescue mode,"
msgstr "デビアンインストーラー(debian-installer)のCDを使ってレスキューモードでブートします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7448
msgid "mount the unbootable system on the harddisk to \"<literal>/target</literal>\","
msgstr "ブートできないハードディスク上のシステムを\"<literal>/target</literal>\"にマウントします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7453
msgid "install older version of <literal>foo</literal> package by:"
msgstr "古いバージョンの<literal>foo</literal>パッケージを次のようにしてインストールします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7457
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --root /target -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr "# dpkg --root /target -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7458
msgid "This second example works even if the <literal>dpkg</literal> command on the harddisk is broken."
msgstr "2番めの例は、たとえハードディスク上の<literal>dpkg</literal>コマンドが壊れていても機能します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7460
msgid "Any GNU/Linux system started by another system on harddisk, live GNU/Linux CD, bootable USB-key drive, or netboot can be used similarly to rescue broken system."
msgstr "ハードディスク上の別のシステムであれ、GNU/LinuxのライブCDであれ、ブート可能なUSBキードライブであれ、ネットブートであれ、どのように起動されたGNU/Linuxシステムでも同様にして壊れたシステムを救済するのに使えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7462
msgid "If attempting to install a package this way fails due to some dependency violations and you really need to do this as the last resort, you can override dependency using <literal>dpkg</literal>'s \"<literal>--ignore-depends</literal>\", \"<literal>--force-depends</literal>\" and other options.  If you do this, you need to make serious effort to restore proper dependency later. See <literal>dpkg</literal>(8) for details."
msgstr "もしこの方法でパッケージをインストールしようとして何らかの依存関係違反のためにうまくいかなくてどうしようもなくなった場合には、<literal>dpkg</literal>の\"<literal>--ignore-depends</literal>\"や\"<literal>--force-depends</literal>\"や他のオプションを使って依存関係をオーバーライドすることができます。こうした場合には、後で依存関係を修復するように真剣に取り組む必要があります。詳細は<literal>dpkg</literal>(8)を参照下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7464
msgid "When your system is seriously broken, you should make a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) and should perform a clean installation.  This is less time consuming and produces better results in the end."
msgstr "システムがひどく壊れた場合には、システムを安全な場所に完全バックアップし(<xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>参照)、クリー(see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>)ンインストールを実行するべきです。こうすることは時間お節約でもあり最終的に良い結果に結びつきます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7468
msgid "Recover package selection data"
msgstr "パッケージセレクションの回復"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7469
msgid "If \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" becomes corrupt for any reason, the Debian system loses package selection data and suffers severely.  Look for the old \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file at \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>\" or \"<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status.*</literal>\"."
msgstr "もし何らかの理由で\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\"の内容が腐った場合には、Debianシステムはパッケージ選択データが失われ大きな打撃を被ります。古い\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\"ファイルは、\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>\"や\"<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status.*</literal>\"としてあるので探しましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7470
msgid "Keeping \"<literal>/var/backups/</literal>\" in a separate partition may be a good idea since this directory contains lots of important system data."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/backups/</literal>\"は多くの重要な情報を保持しているので、これを別のパーティション上に置くのも良い考えです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7471
msgid "For serious breakage, I recommend to make fresh re-install after making backup of the system. Even if everything in \"<literal>/var/</literal>\" is gone, you can still recover some information from directories in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/</literal>\" to guide your new installation."
msgstr "ひどく壊れた場合には、システムのバックアップをした後フレッシュに再インストールすることをお薦めします。たとえ\"<literal>/var/</literal>\"ディレクトリの中が完全に消去されても、\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/</literal>\"ディレクトリ中から新しいインストールのガイドとなる情報を回復できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7475
msgid "reinstall minimal (desktop) system"
msgstr "最低源の(デスクトップ)システムを再インストールする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7480
msgid "place old system at \"<literal>/path/to/old/system/</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/path/to/old/system/</literal>\"に古いシステムを置く"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7484
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /path/to/old/system/usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd /usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;&gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd\n"
"# sort ls1.txt | uniq | less"
msgstr ""
"# cd /path/to/old/system/usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd /usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;&gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd\n"
"# sort ls1.txt | uniq | less"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7490
msgid "Then you will be presented with package names to install.  (There may be some non-package names such as \"<literal>texmf</literal>\".)"
msgstr "こうすると、インストールすべきパッケージ名が表示されます。(\"<literal>texmf</literal>\"のようなパッケージ名以外が一部あるかもしれません。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7494
msgid "Tips for the package management"
msgstr "パッケージ管理のヒント"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7496
msgid "How to pick Debian packages"
msgstr "Debianパッケージの選択方法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7497
msgid "You can seek packages which satisfy your needs with <literal>aptitude</literal> from the package description or from the list under \"Tasks\"."
msgstr "パッケージの説明や\"Tasks\"の下のリストを使ってあなたが必要なパッケージを<literal>aptitude</literal>で見つけることができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7498
msgid "When you encounter more than 2 similar packages and wonder which one to install without \"trial and error\" efforts, you should use some <emphasis role=\"strong\">common sense</emphasis>.  I consider following points are good indications of preferred packages."
msgstr "2つ以上の似たパッケージに出会いが\"試行錯誤\"の努力無しにどのパッケージをインストールするか迷った際には、<emphasis role=\"strong\">常識</emphasis>を使って下さい。次に示す点は好ましいパッケージの良い指標と考えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7502
msgid "essential: yes &gt; no"
msgstr "必須(essential): yes &gt; no"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7507
msgid "component: main &gt; contrib &gt; non-free"
msgstr "コンポーネント(component): メイン(main) &gt; contrib &gt; non-free"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7512
msgid "priorities: required &gt; important &gt; standard &gt; optional &gt; extra"
msgstr "優先度(priorities): 必須(required) &gt; 重要(important) &gt; 標準(standard) &gt; 任意(optional) &gt; 特別(extra)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7517
msgid "tasks: packages listed in tasks such as \"Desktop environment\""
msgstr "タスク(tasks): \"デスクトップ環境\"のようなタスクにリストされたパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7522
msgid "packages selected by the dependency package (e.g., <literal>python2.4</literal> by <literal>python</literal>)"
msgstr "依存パッケージにより選ばれたパッケージ(例えば、<literal>python</literal>による<literal>python2.4</literal>)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7527
msgid "popcon: higher in the vote and install number"
msgstr "popcon: higher in the vote and install number"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7532
msgid "changelog: regular updates by the maintainer"
msgstr "changelog: メンテナによる定期的アップデート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7537
msgid "BTS: No RC bugs (no critical, no grave, and no serious bugs)"
msgstr "BTS: RC bugが無いこと (criticalもgraveもseriousもいずれのバグも無い)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7542
msgid "BTS: responsive maintainer to bug reports"
msgstr "BTS: バグレポートに反応の良いメンテナ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7547
msgid "BTS: higher number of the recently fixed bugs"
msgstr "BTS: 最近修正されたバグの数が多い"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7552
msgid "BTS: lower number of remaining non-wishlist bugs"
msgstr "BTS: wishlist以外のバグが少ない"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7556
msgid "Debian being a volunteer project with distributed development model, its archive contains many packages with different focus and quality.  You must make your own decision what to do with them."
msgstr "Debianは分散型の開発モデルのボランティアプロジェクトですので、そのアーカイブには目指すところや品質の異なる多くのパッケージがあります。これらをどうするかは自己判断をして下さい。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7559
msgid "Packages from mixed source of archives"
msgstr "混合したアーカイブソースからのパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7561
msgid "Installing packages from mixed source of archives is not supported by the official Debian distribution except for officially supported particular combinations of archives such as <literal>stable</literal> with <ulink url=\"&securityupdates;\">security updates</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&volatileupdates;\">volatile updates</ulink>."
msgstr "<literal>安定版(stable)</literal>と<ulink url=\"&securityupdates;\">security updates</ulink>と<ulink url=\"&volatileupdates;\">volatile updates</ulink>のような公式にサポートされた特定の組み合わせ以外は、混合したアーカイブソースからのパッケージをインストールすることを、公式にはDebianディストリビューションとしてサポートしていません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7563
msgid "Here is an example of operations to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>unstable</literal> while tracking <literal>testing</literal> for single occasion:"
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal>を追跡しながら、<literal>unstable</literal>にある特定の新規アップストリームバージョンのパッケージを1回だけ取り入れる操作例を次に示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7567
msgid "change the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file temporarily to single \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" entry"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルを変更し、単一の\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"エントリーのみにします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7572
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7587
msgid "run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"を実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7577
msgid "run \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude install &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>\"の実行"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7582
msgid "recover the original \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file for <literal>testing</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal>のためのオリジナルの\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルを回復します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7591
msgid "You do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file nor need to worry about apt-pinning with this manual approach.  But this is very cumbersome."
msgstr "この様な手動のアプローチをすると\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを作ることもないし、またapt-pinningについて悩むこともありません。でもこれではとても面倒です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7593
msgid "When using mixed source of archives, you must ensure compatibility of packages by yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it. If package incompatibility exists, you may break system. You must be able to judge these technical requirements. The use of mixed source of random archives is completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you to use."
msgstr "混合したアーカイブソースを使うことをDebianが保証していないので、その場合にはパッケージ間の互換性は自分自身で確保しなければいけません。もしパッケージに互換性がないと、システムを壊すことになるかもしれません。この様な技術的要件を判断できる必要があります。ランダムな混合したアーカイブソースを使うことは全く任意の操作ですが、私としてはこの操作はお薦めできません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7595
msgid "General rules for installing packages from different archives are:"
msgstr "異なるアーカイブからパッケージをインストールするための一般ルール:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7596
msgid "Non-binary packages (\"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") are <emphasis role=\"strong\">safer</emphasis> to install."
msgstr "非バイナリパッケージのインストールは<emphasis role=\"strong\">比較的安全</emphasis>です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7600
msgid "documentation packages: no special requirements"
msgstr "文書パッケージ: 特段の要件無し"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7605
msgid "interpreter program packages: compatible interpreter must be available"
msgstr "インタープリタプログラムパッケージ: 互換性あるインタープリタ環境が必要"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7609
msgid "Completely statically linked binary packages are <emphasis role=\"strong\">safe</emphasis> to install."
msgstr "完全に静的にリンクされたバイナリパッケージのインストールは<emphasis role=\"strong\">安全</emphasis>です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7610
msgid "Binary packages (non \"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") usually face many road blocks and <emphasis role=\"strong\">unsafe</emphasis> to install."
msgstr "バイナリパッケージ(非\"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\")のインストールは、通常多くの障害があり、<emphasis role=\"strong\">安全ではありません</emphasis>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7614
msgid "library version compatibility (including \"<literal>libc</literal>\")"
msgstr "ライブラリ(\"<literal>libc</literal>\"等)のバージョン互換性"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7619
msgid "related utility program version compatibility"
msgstr "関連ユーティリティプログラムのバージョン互換性"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7624
msgid "Kernel <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr "カーネル<ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>互換性"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7629
msgid "C++ <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr "C++の<ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>互換性"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7634
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9237
msgid "…"
msgstr "…"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7639
msgid "Except to avoid broken package for a short term, installing binary packages from officially unsupported archives is generally bad idea.  This is true even if you use apt-pinning (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  You should consider chroot or similar techniques (see <xref linkend=\"_chroot_system\"/>) to run programs from different archives."
msgstr "壊れたパッケージを短期的に避ける場合以外では，公式にサポートされていないアーカイブからバイナリパッケージをインストールするのは一般的には賢明ではありません。たとえapt-pinning(<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>参照)を使った場合にもこれは当てはまります。chrootや類似のテクニック(<xref linkend=\"_chroot_system\"/>参照)使って、他のアーカイブからのプログラムを実行するよう検討するべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7643
msgid "Tweaking candidate version"
msgstr "候補バージョンの調整"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7645
msgid "In <literal>lenny</literal>, <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) has a bug for handling \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file. (<ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug#514930</ulink>)"
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>の<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)には、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルの扱いにバグ(<ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug#514930</ulink>参照)があります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7647
msgid "Without the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, APT system choses the latest available version as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> using the version string.  This is the normal state and most recommended usage of APT system.  All officially supported combinations of archives do not require the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file since some archives which should not be used as the automatic source of upgrades are marked as <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> and dealt properly."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル無しだと、APTシステムはバージョン文字列を用いて、最新バージョンを<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>とします。これが通常状態でAPTシステムの最も推薦される使い方です。全ての公式にサポートされたアーカイブの組み合わせは、自動的にアップグレードするソースとすべきでないアーカイブは<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>とマークされていて適切な扱いを受けるので、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを必要としません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7649
msgid "The version string comparison rule can be verified with, e.g., \"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions ver1.1 gt ver1.1~1; echo $?</literal>\" (see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1))."
msgstr "バージョン文字列比較ルールは、例えば\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions ver1.1 gt ver1.1~1; echo $?</literal>\"とすれば確認できます(<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7651
msgid "When you install packages from mixed source of archives (see <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) regularly, you can automate these complicated operations by creating the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file with proper entries and tweaking the package selection rule for <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> as described in <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  This is called <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>."
msgstr "パッケージを混合したアーカイブからのソース(<xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>参照)から定常的にインストールする場合には、<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)に書かれたように適切な項目のある\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを作り<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>に関するパッケージ選択ルールを操作することによってこういった複雑な操作を自動化できます。これを<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>と呼びます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7653
msgid "Use of apt-pinning by a novice user is sure call for major troubles.  You must avoid using apt-pinning except when you absolutely need it."
msgstr "初心者のユーザーによるapt-pinningの利用は大トラブル発生を間違いなく起こします。本当に必要な時以外はapt-pinningの利用は避けなければいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7656
msgid "When using apt-pinning, you must ensure compatibility of packages by yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it.  The apt-pinning is completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you to use."
msgstr "apt-pinningを利用する際には、Debianはパッケージの互換性を保証しないので、ユーザー自身がパッケージの互換性を確保しなければいけません。apt-pinningは全く任意の操作で、著者が使うようにと勧めているわけではありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7659
msgid "Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with \"suite\" name for <ulink url=\"&normaldebianarchives;\">normal Debian archives</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&securitydebianarchives;\">security Debian archives</ulink>. (This is different from <ulink url=\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink> archives).  For example, you can do \"<literal>Pin: release a=unstable</literal>\" but can not do \"<literal>Pin: release a=sid</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file."
msgstr "アーカイブレベルのReleaseファイル(<xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>参照)が<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)のルールに使われます。だから、apt-pinningは<ulink url=\"&normaldebianarchives;\">normal Debian archives</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&securitydebianarchives;\">security Debian archives</ulink>ではスイート(\"suite\")名を使って機能します。(これは<ulink url=\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink>アーカイブとは異なります)。例えば\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル中で、\"<literal>Pin: release a=unstable</literal>\"とはできますが、\"<literal>Pin: release a=sid</literal>\"とはできません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7662
msgid "When you use non-Debian archive as a part of apt-pinning, you should check what they are intended for and also check their credibility.  For example, Ubuntu and Debian are not meant to be mixed."
msgstr "非Debianアーカイブをapt-pinningの一部に使う場合には、それが提供されている対象の確認とその信頼性の確認をしましょう。例えば、UbuntuとDebianは混合して使うようにはなっていません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7665
msgid "Even if you do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, you can do fairly complex system operations (see <xref linkend=\"_rescue_using_the_dpkg_command\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) without apt-pinning."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを作成することなしでも、かなり複雑なシステム操作(<xref linkend=\"_rescue_using_the_dpkg_command\"/>と<xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>参照)がapt-pinningを使わずにできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7667
msgid "Here is a simplified explanation of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique."
msgstr "単純化した<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>テクニックの説明を次にします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7668
msgid "APT system choses highest Pin-Priority <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrading</emphasis> package from available package sources defined in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> package.  If the Pin-Priority of the package is larger than 1000, this version restriction for <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrading</emphasis> is dropped to enable downgrading (see <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>)."
msgstr "APTシステムは\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイル中に規定された使えるパッケージソースから最高のPin-Priorityで<emphasis role=\"strong\">アップグレード</emphasis>するパッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>パッケージとして選択します。パッケージのPin-Priorityが1000より大きい場合には、この<emphasis role=\"strong\">アップグレード</emphasis>するというバージョン制約が外れるのでダウングレードできるようになります(<xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7669
msgid "Pin-Priority value of each package is defined by \"Pin-Priority\" entries in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file or uses its default value."
msgstr "各パッケージのPin-Priority値は\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル中の\"Pin-Priority\"項目にて規定されるか、そのデフォルト値が使われます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7671
msgid "List of the default Pin-Priority value for each package source type."
msgstr "各パッケージソースタイプ毎のデフォルトPin-Priority値のリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7678
msgid "default Pin-Priority"
msgstr "デフォルトPin-Priority"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7681
msgid "package source type"
msgstr "パッケージソースタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7688
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9901
msgid "990"
msgstr "990"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7691
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> archive"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ターゲットのリリース</emphasis>アーカイブ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7696
msgid "500"
msgstr "500"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7699
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">normal</emphasis> archive"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">通常</emphasis>アーカイブ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7704
msgid "100"
msgstr "100"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7707
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">installed</emphasis> package"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール済み</emphasis>アーカイブ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7715
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>アーカイブ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7721
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> archive can be set:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ターゲットのリリース</emphasis>アーカイブは次のようにして設定できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7725
msgid "by \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\", e.g., \"<literal>APT::Default-Release \"stable\";</literal>\" line in it, or"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\"中にある、\"<literal>APT::Default-Release \"stable\";</literal>\"等の行によって。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7730
msgid "by \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option argument, e.g., \"<literal>apt-get install -t testing some-package</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>-t</literal>\"オプションの引数によって、\"<literal>apt-get install -t testing some-package</literal>\"等によって。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7734
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive can be set:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>アーカイブは次のようにして設定できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7738
msgid "by the archive level Release file (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) containing \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\" in archive."
msgstr "アーカイブ中のアーカイブレベルのReleaseファイル(<xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>参照)が\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"を含むことによって。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7742
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning situation</emphasis> of &lt;package&gt; from multiple archive sources is displayed by \"<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\":"
msgstr "複数アーカイブソースの&lt;package&gt;に関するPin-Priority値は\"<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"の出力で表示されます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7746
msgid "A line started with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" lists the package version of <emphasis role=\"strong\">pin</emphasis> if association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>Package pin: 0.190</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\"で始まる行は、&lt;package&gt;のみとの関連付けが\"<literal>Package pin: 0.190</literal>\"等と定義されている場合に、<emphasis role=\"strong\">pin</emphasis>のパッケージバージョンを示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7751
msgid "No line with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" exists if no association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined."
msgstr "&lt;package&gt;とのみの関連付けが定義されていない場合には、\"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\"という行はありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7756
msgid "The Pin-Priority value associated just with &lt;package&gt; is listed right side of all version strings, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 700</literal>\"."
msgstr "&lt;package&gt;とのみの関連付けが定義されている場合のPin-Priority値は、全バージョン文字列の右側に\"<literal>0.181 700</literal>\"等としてリストされます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7761
msgid "\"<literal>0</literal>\" is listed right side of all version strings if no association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 0</literal>\"."
msgstr "&lt;package&gt;とのみの関連付けが定義されていない場合には、全バージョン文字列の右側に\"<literal>0</literal>\"が\"<literal>0.181 0</literal>\"等としてリストされます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7766
msgid "The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as \"<literal>Package: *</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file) are listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., \"<literal>200 http://backports.org etch-backports/main Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr "アーカイブのPin-Priority値(\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル中に\"<literal>Package: *</literal>\"として定義)はアーカイブへのパスの左側に、\"<literal>200 http://backports.org etch-backports/main Packages</literal>\"等としてリストされます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7770
msgid "Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>unstable</literal> regularly upgraded while tracking <literal>testing</literal>.  You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal>を追跡しながら、<literal>unstable</literal>にある特定の新規アップストリームバージョンのパッケージが定常的にアップグレードされる、<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>テクニックの例を次に示します。全ての必要なアーカイブを\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイル中に次のようにリストします:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7771
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7774
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7897
msgid "and set the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"を次のように設定する:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7775
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"
msgstr ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7782
msgid "When you wish to install a package named \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" with its dependencies from <literal>unstable</literal> archive under this configuration, you issue the following command which switches target release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option (Pin-Priority of <literal>unstable</literal> becomes 990.):"
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\"という名前のパッケージとその依存ファイルを<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからこの設定の下でインストールしたい場合、\"<literal>-t</literal>\"オプションを使ってターゲットリリースを切り替える(<literal>unstable</literal>のPin-Priorityが990になる)以下のコマンドを実行します:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7783
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7784
msgid "With this configuration, usual execution of \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" for <literal>squeeze</literal>) will upgrade packages which were installed from <literal>testing</literal> archive using current <literal>testing</literal> archive and packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr "この設定では、通常の\"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (もしくは<literal>squeeze</literal>の場合、\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"や\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\")の実行は、<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブからインストールされたパッケージは最新の<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを使ってアップグレードし、<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからインストールされたパッケージは最新の<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブを使ってアップグレードします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7786
msgid "Be careful not to remove \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry from the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file.  Without \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry in it, APT system will upgrade packages using newer <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルから\"<literal>testing</literal>\"の項目を削除しないように注意しましょう。\"<literal>testing</literal>\"項目がその中にないと、APTシステムは最新の<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブを使ってアップグレードしようとします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7789
msgid "I usually edit the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to comment out \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" archive entry right after above operation.  This avoids slow update process of having too many entries in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file although this prevents upgrading packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr "著者は上記操作のすぐ後に\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルを編集して\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"アーカイブ項目をコメントアウトします。こうすることで、最新の<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブによって<literal>unstable</literal>からインストールされたパッケージをアップグレードしなくなりますが，\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイル中に項目が多すぎてアップデートのプロセスが遅くなることをさけられます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7792
msgid "If \"<literal>Pin-Priority: 20</literal>\" is used instead of \"<literal>Pin-Priority: 200</literal>\" for the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, already installed packages having Pin-Priority value of 100 will never be upgraded by <literal>unstable</literal> archive even if \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file is removed."
msgstr "もし\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル中で\"<literal>Pin-Priority: 200</literal>\"の代わりに\"<literal>Pin-Priority: 20</literal>\"が用いられた場合は、\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルの中の\"<literal>testing</literal>\"項目が削除されようと、Pin-Priority値は100のインストール済みパッケージは<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブによってアップグレードされる事はありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7794
msgid "If you wish to track particular packages in <literal>unstable</literal> automatically without initial \"<literal>-t unstable</literal>\" installation, you must create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and explicitly lists all those packages at the top of it as:"
msgstr "最初の\"<literal>-t unstable</literal>\"によるインストール無しに、<literal>unstable</literal>の特定パッケージを自動的に追跡したい場合、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを作りそのトップにこれらパッケージを明示的に以下のようにリストします:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7795
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"..."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7804
msgid "These will set Pin-Priority value for each specific package.  For example, in order to track the latest <literal>unstable</literal> version of this \"Debian Reference\" in English, you should have following entries in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file:"
msgstr "以上で、各特定パッケージに関してPin-Priority値が設定されます。例えば最新の<literal>unstable</literal>バージョンのこの\"Debianリファレンス\"を英語版で追跡するためには、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルに次の項目を設定します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7805
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: debian-reference-en\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: debian-reference-common\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""
"Package: debian-reference-en\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: debian-reference-common\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7813
msgid "This apt-pinning technique is valid even when you are tracking <literal>stable</literal> archive.  Documentation packages have been always safe to install from <literal>unstable</literal> archive in my experience, so far."
msgstr "このapt-pinningテクニックは<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブを追跡している際にも有効です。著者の経験では、文書パッケージは<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからインストールしても今までいつも安全でした。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7815
msgid "Here is another example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>experimental</literal> while tracking <literal>unstable</literal>.  You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "次に<literal>unstable</literal>を追跡しながら<literal>experimental</literal>にある特定の新規アップストリームバージョンのパッケージを取り込む<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>テクニックの例を示します。すべての必要なアーカイブを\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルに次のようにリストします:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7816
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7819
msgid "The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file just to use <literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track particular packages in it automatically for next upgrading."
msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>アーカイブのデフォルトのPin-Priority値は、<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>アーカイブ(<xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>参照)なので、常に1(&lt;&lt;100)です。<literal>experimental</literal>アーカイブにある特定パッケージを次回アップグレード時に自動的に追跡しようとしない限り、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル中で<literal>experimental</literal>アーカイブを使うためにPin-Priority値を明示的に設定する必要はありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7822
msgid "Volatile and Backports.org"
msgstr "VolatileとBackports.org"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7823
msgid "There are <ulink url=\"&debianvolatileproject;\">debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal>のためのアップグレードパッケージを提供する、<ulink url=\"&debianvolatileproject;\">debian-volatile project</ulink>と<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink>アーカイブがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7825
msgid "Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits your needs."
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>や<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>等の<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>アーカイブの中にあるパッケージ全てを使ってはいけません。あなたの必要性に適合する選択されたパッケージだけを使いましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7828
msgid "<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> is a non-Debian archive, although its packages are signed by Debian developers."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink>は、提供しているパッケージがDebian開発者によってサインされているとはいえ、非Debianアーカイブです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7831
msgid "Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with \"code\" name for <ulink url=\"&volatiledebianarchives;\">volatile Debian archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For example, you can do \"<literal>Pin: release a=&codename-stable;</literal>\" but can not do \"<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file for volatile Debian archives."
msgstr "アーカイブレベルのReleaseファイル(<xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>参照)が<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)のルールで使われます。だから<ulink url=\"&volatiledebianarchives;\">volatile Debianアーカイブ</ulink>ではapt-pinningは\"コード\"名を使って機能します。これは他のDebianアーカイブと異なります。例えばvolatile Debianアーカイブのための\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"の中で、\"<literal>Pin: release a=&codename-stable;</literal>\"とできますが、\"<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>\"とはできません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7833
msgid "Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> while tracking <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "次に<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>と<literal>volatile</literal>を追跡しながら<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>にある特定の新規アップストリームバージョンのパッケージを取り込む<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>テクニックの例を示します。すべての必要なアーカイブを\"/etc/apt/sources.list\"ファイルに次のようにリストします:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7834
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://backports.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://backports.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports main contrib non-free"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7839
msgid "The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archives are always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since they are <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file just to use for <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages automatically for next upgrading."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink>と<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>アーカイブのデフォルトのPin-Priority値は、<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>アーカイブ(<xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>参照)なので、常に1(&lt;&lt;100)です。<literal>experimental</literal>アーカイブにある特定パッケージを次回アップグレード時に自動的に追跡しようとしない限り、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイル中で<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink>と<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>アーカイブを使うためにPin-Priority値を明示的に設定する必要はありません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7840
msgid "So whenever you wish to install a package named \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" with its dependency from <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> archive, you use following command while switching target release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option:"
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\"という名前のパッケージをその依存関係ともども<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>アーカイブからインストールしたい時には、\"<literal>-t</literal>\"オプションでターゲットリリースを切り替えながら次のコマンドを使います:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7841
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t &codename-stable;-backports &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install -t &codename-stable;-backports &lt;package-name&gt;"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7842
msgid "If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and explicitly lists all packages in it as:"
msgstr "特定のパッケージをアップグレードしたいときには、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを作成しその中に全てのパッケージを次のように明示的にリストしなければいけません:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7843
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"..."

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7852
msgid "Alternatively, with the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "また、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを次のようにしてもよい:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7853
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=stable , o=Debian\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-backports, o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-sloppy, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"
msgstr ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=stable , o=Debian\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-backports, o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-sloppy, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7868
msgid "execution of \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" for <literal>squeeze</literal>) will upgrade packages which were installed from <literal>stable</literal> archive using current <literal>stable</literal> archive and packages which were installed from other archives using current corresponding archive for all archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\"と\"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (もしくは、<literal>squeeze</literal>では\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"と\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\")の実行は、<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブからインストールされたパッケージを最新の<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブを使ってアップグレードし，他のアーカイブからインストールされたパッケージを最新の\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルに記載された全てのアーカイブの最新の対応するアーカイブを使ってアップグレードします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7871
msgid "Automatic download and upgrade of packages"
msgstr "パッケージの自動ダウンロードとアップグレード"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7872
msgid "The <literal>apt</literal> package comes with its own cron script \"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal>\" to support the automatic download of packages.  This script can be enhanced to perform the automatic upgrade of packages by installing the <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> package. These can be customized by parameters in \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02backup</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades</literal>\" as described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/unattended-upgrades/README</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>apt</literal>パッケージには、パッケージの自動ダウンロードのサポートする専用のcronスクリプト\"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal>\"が同梱されています。このスクリプトは<literal>unattended-upgrades</literal>パッケージをインストールすることで自動アップグレード実行の機能拡張をします。これらは、\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/unattended-upgrades/README</literal>\"に記述されているように、\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02backup</literal>\"と\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades</literal>\"の中のパラメーターでカスタマイズできます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7873
msgid "The <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> package is mainly intended for the security upgrade for the <literal>stable</literal> system.  If the risk of breaking an existing <literal>stable</literal> system by the automatic upgrade is smaller than that of the system broken by the intruder using its security hole which has been closed by the security update, you should consider using this automatic upgrade with configuration parameters:"
msgstr "<literal>unattended-upgrades</literal>パッケージは基本的に<literal>stable</literal>システムのセキュリティーアップグレードのためです。既存の<literal>stable</literal>システムが、自動アップグレードで壊される危険性が、セキュリティーアップグレードがすでに閉じたセキュリティーホールからの侵入者によりシステムが壊わされる危険性より小さいなら、パラメーターを設定して自動アップグレードをするのも一計です:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7874
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";"
msgstr ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7877
msgid "If you are running an <literal>unstable</literal> system, you do not want to use the automatic upgrade since it will certainly break system some day.  Even for such <literal>unstable</literal> case, you may still want to download packages in advance to save time for the interactive upgrade with configuration parameters:"
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal>システムを使っている場合には、自動アップグレードするとシステムはいつの日か確実に壊われるので、それはしたくないでしょう。そんな<literal>unstable</literal>の場合でも、事前にパッケージをダウンロードするようにパラメーターを設定して、インタラクティブなアップグレードをするために時間を節約したいでしょう:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7878
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"0\";"
msgstr ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"0\";"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7883
msgid "Limit download bandwidth for APT"
msgstr "APTのよるダウンロードバンド幅の制限"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7884
msgid "If you want to limit the download bandwidth for APT to e.g. 800Kib/sec (=100kiB/sec), you should configure APT with its configuration parameter with:"
msgstr "APTによるダウンロードのバンド幅を例えば800Kib/sec (=100kiB/sec)に制限したい場合には、APTのパラメーターを次のように設定します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7885
#, no-wrap
msgid "APT::Acquire::http::Dl-Limit \"800\";"
msgstr "APT::Acquire::http::Dl-Limit \"800\";"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7888
msgid "Emergency downgrading"
msgstr "緊急ダウングレード"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7890
msgid "Downgrading is not officially supported by the Debian by design.  It should be done only as a part of emergency recovery process.  Despite of this situation, it is known to work well in many incidents.  For critical systems, You should backup all important data on the system after the recovery operation and re-install the new system from the scratch."
msgstr "Debianでは設計としてはダウングレードを正式にサポートしません。緊急の回復処置の一部としてのみ実行されるべきです。こういう状況であるにもかかわらず、多くの場合にうまく機能することがある知られています。重要なシステムでは回復処置の後に全ての重要データーをバックアップし、最初から新しいシステムを再インストールしましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7892
msgid "You may be lucky to downgrade from newer archive to older archive to recover from broken system upgrade by manipulating <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  This is lazy alternative to tedious actions of many \"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;broken-package&gt;_&lt;old-version&gt;.deb</literal>\" commands (see <xref linkend=\"_rescue_using_the_dpkg_command\"/>)."
msgstr "壊れたシステムアップグレードからの回復するために、<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>を操作して新しいアーカイブから古いアーカイブにダウングレードすることがうまくいくかもしれません(<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>参照)。これは、何度も\"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;broken-package&gt;_&lt;old-version&gt;.deb</literal>\"コマンドを実行する退屈な作業をしないでよくする方法です(<xref linkend=\"_rescue_using_the_dpkg_command\"/>参照)。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7893
msgid "For downgrading system tracking <literal>unstable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal>, change the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file from:"
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal>から<literal>testing</literal>を追跡するようにダウングレードするには、\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルを、次から:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7894
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-unstable; main contrib non-free"
msgstr "deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-unstable; main contrib non-free"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7895
msgid "to:"
msgstr "次へと変更します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7896
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-testing; main contrib"
msgstr "deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-testing; main contrib"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7898
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1010"
msgstr ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1010"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7901
msgid "Then run \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" to force downgrading of packages across the system. You should remove this special \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file after the downgrading."
msgstr "そして、\"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"を実行して、システム全体にわたってパッケージのダウングレードを強制します。この特殊な\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルはダウングレード実行後削除してください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7903
msgid "It is good idea to remove (not purge!) as much packages to minimize dependency problems.  You may need to manually remove and install some packages to get system downgraded.  Linux kernel, bootloader, udev, PAM, APT, and networking related packages and their configuration files require special attention."
msgstr "依存関係の問題を最小限とすべく、できるだけ多くのパッケージを削除(removeで、完全削除purgeではありません!)しましょう。システムのダウングレードのためには手動でいくつかのパッケージを削除とインストールしなければいけないかも知れません。LinuxカーネルやブートローダーやudevやPAMやAPTやネットワーク関係のパッケージやそれらの設定ファイルには特に注意が必要です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7907
msgid "Who uploaded the package?"
msgstr "誰がパッケージをアップロードしたのか?"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7908
msgid "Although the maintainer name listed in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/package_name/changelog</literal>\" provide some information on \"who is behind the packaging activity\", the actual uploader of the package is somewhat obscure.  <literal>who-uploads</literal>(1) in the <literal>devscripts</literal> package identifies the actual uploader of Debian source packages."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7911
msgid "The equivs package"
msgstr "equivsパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7912
msgid "If you are to compile a program from source to replace the Debian package, it is best to make it into a real local debianized package (<literal>*.deb</literal>) and use private archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7913
msgid "If you chose to compile a program from source and to install them under \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" instead, you may need to use <literal>equivs</literal> as a last resort to satisfy the missing package dependency."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7914
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: equivs\n"
"Priority: extra\n"
"Section: admin\n"
"Description: Circumventing Debian package dependencies\n"
" This is a dummy package which can be used to create Debian\n"
" packages, which only contain dependency information."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7922
msgid "Port a package to the stable system"
msgstr "安定版システムへのパッケージ移植"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7923
msgid "For partial upgrades of the <literal>stable</literal> system, rebuilding a package within its environment using the source package is desirable.  This avoids massive package upgrades due to their dependencies.  First, add the following entries to the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" of a <literal>stable</literal> system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7924
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable  main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7925
msgid "Then get the required packages and the source to be downloaded and compiled by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7926
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# apt-get update\n"
"# apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"# apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"$ apt-get build-dep foo\n"
"$ apt-get source foo\n"
"$ cd foo*"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7935
msgid "adjust package if needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7939
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30252
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ dch -i"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7943
msgid "bump package version, e.g. one appended with \"<literal>+bp1</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7947
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"# debi foo*.changes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7952
msgid "Proxy server for APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7953
msgid "Since mirroring whole subsection of Debian archive wastes disk space and network bandwidth, deployment of a local proxy server for APT is desirable consideration when you administer many systems on <ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>.  APT can be configure to use generic web (http) proxy servers such as <literal>squid</literal> (see <xref linkend=\"_other_network_application_servers\"/>) as described in <literal>apt.conf</literal>(5) and in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/configure-index.gz</literal>\".  The \"<literal>$http_proxy</literal>\" environment variable can be used to override proxy server setting in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7954
msgid "There are proxy tools specially for Debian archive.  You should check BTS before using them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7956
msgid "List of the proxy tools specially for Debian archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7980
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/approx\"> <literal>approx</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7983
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/approx\">&pop-approx;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/approx\">&pop-approx;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7984
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/approx.html\">&size-approx;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7986
msgid "caching proxy server for Debian archive files (compiled <ulink url=\"&ocaml;\">OCaml</ulink> program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7990
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-proxy\"> <literal>apt-proxy</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-proxy\"> <literal>apt-proxy</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7993
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-proxy\">&pop-aptproxy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-proxy\">&pop-aptproxy;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7994
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-proxy.html\">&size-aptproxy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-proxy.html\">&size-aptproxy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7996
msgid "Debian archive proxy and partial mirror builder (Python program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8000
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher\"> <literal>apt-cacher</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher\"> <literal>apt-cacher</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8003
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher\">&pop-aptcacher;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher\">&pop-aptcacher;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8004
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher.html\">&size-aptcacher;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher.html\">&size-aptcacher;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8006
msgid "Caching proxy for Debian package and source files (Perl program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8010
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher-ng\"> <literal>apt-cacher-ng</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher-ng\"> <literal>apt-cacher-ng</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8013
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher-ng\">&pop-aptcacherng;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher-ng\">&pop-aptcacherng;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8014
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher-ng.html\">&size-aptcacherng;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher-ng.html\">&size-aptcacherng;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8016
msgid "aching proxy for distribution of software packages (compiled C++ program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8020
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debtorrent\"> <literal>debtorrent</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debtorrent\"> <literal>debtorrent</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8023
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debtorrent\">&pop-debtorrent;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debtorrent\">&pop-debtorrent;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8024
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debtorrent.html\">&size-debtorrent;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debtorrent.html\">&size-debtorrent;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8026
msgid "bittorrent proxy for downloading Debian packages (Python program)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8033
msgid "When Debian reorganizes its archive structure, these specialized proxy tools tend to require code rewrites by the package maintainer and may not be functional for a while.  On the other hand, generic web (http) proxy servers are more robust and easier to cope with such changes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8037
msgid "Small public package archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8038
msgid "Here is an example for creating a small public package archive compatible with the modern <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system (see <xref linkend=\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>). Let's assume few things:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8042
msgid "Account name: \"<literal>foo</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8047
msgid "Host name: \"<literal>www.example.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8052
msgid "Required packages: <literal>apt-utils</literal>, <literal>gnupg</literal>, and other packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8057
msgid "URL: \"<literal>http://www.example.com/~foo/</literal>\" displays \"<literal>/home/foo/public_html/index.html</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8062
msgid "Architecture of packages: \"<literal>amd64</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8066
msgid "One time setup of APT archive on your server system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8070
msgid "Create an archive key of Foo Bar on server system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8074
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh foo@www.example.com\n"
"$ gpg --gen-key\n"
"...\n"
"$ gpg -K\n"
"...\n"
"sec   1024D/3A3CB5A6 2008-08-14\n"
"uid                  Foo Bar (ARCHIVE KEY) &lt;foo@www.example.com&gt;\n"
"ssb   2048g/6856F4A7 2008-08-14\n"
"$ gpg --export -a 3A3CB5A6 &gt;foo.public.key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8086
msgid "The archive key of Foo is \"<literal>3A3CB5A6</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8091
msgid "Publish \"<literal>foo.public.key</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8096
msgid "Create an archive tree called \"Origin: Foo\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8100
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ umask 022\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/pool/main\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/source\n"
"$ cd ~/public_html/debian\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/source/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: source\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptftp.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"APT::FTPArchive::Release {\n"
"  Origin \"Foo\";\n"
"  Label \"Foo\";\n"
"  Suite \"unstable\";\n"
"  Codename \"sid\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64\";\n"
"  Components \"main\";\n"
"  Description \"Public archive for Foo\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptgenerate.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"Dir::ArchiveDir \".\";\n"
"Dir::CacheDir \".\";\n"
"TreeDefault::Directory \"pool/\";\n"
"TreeDefault::SrcDirectory \"pool/\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Extensions \".deb\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Compress \". gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Sources::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Contents::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"\n"
"BinDirectory \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\" {\n"
"  Packages \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Packages\";\n"
"  Contents \"dists/unstable/Contents-amd64\";\n"
"  SrcPackages \"dists/unstable/main/source/Sources\";\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"Tree \"dists/unstable\" {\n"
"  Sections \"main\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64 source\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8153
msgid "Repetitive update of APT archive contents on your server system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8157
msgid "Place all package files into \"<literal>~foo/public_html/debian/pool/main/</literal>\" by executing \"<literal>dupload -t foo changes_file</literal>\" in client while having \"<literal>~/.dupload.conf</literal>\" containing:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8161
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$cfg{'foo'} = {\n"
"  fqdn =&gt; \"www.example.com\",\n"
"  method =&gt; \"scpb\",\n"
"  incoming =&gt; \"/home/foo/public_html/debian/pool/main\",\n"
"  # The dinstall on ftp-master sends emails itself\n"
"  dinstall_runs =&gt; 1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"$cfg{'foo'}{postupload}{'changes'} = \"\n"
"  echo 'cd public_html/debian ;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive generate -c=aptftp.conf aptgenerate.conf;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive release -c=aptftp.conf dists/unstable &gt;dists/unstable/Release ;\n"
"  rm -f dists/unstable/Release.gpg ;\n"
"  gpg -u 3A3CB5A6 -bao dists/unstable/Release.gpg dists/unstable/Release'|\n"
"  ssh foo@www.example.com  2&gt;/dev/null ;\n"
"  echo 'Package archive created!'\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8177
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">postupload</emphasis> hook script initiated by <literal>dupload</literal>(1) creates updated archive files for each upload."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8178
msgid "You can add this small public archive to the apt-line of your client system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8179
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo bash\n"
"# echo \"deb http://www.example.com/~foo/debian/ unstable main\" \\\n"
"   &gt;&gt; /etc/apt/sources.list\n"
"# apt-key add foo.public.key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8184
msgid "If the archive is located on the local file system, you can use \"<literal>deb file:///home/foo/debian/ …</literal>\" instead."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8188
msgid "Record/copy system configuration"
msgstr "システム設定の記録/コピー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8189
msgid "To make a local copy of the package and debconf selection states:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8190
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt; selection.dpkg\n"
"# debconf-get-selections    &gt; selection.debconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8192
msgid "Here, \"<literal>*</literal>\" makes \"<literal>selection.dpkg</literal>\" to include package entries for \"purge\" too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8193
msgid "You can transfer these 2 files to another computer, and install there with:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8194
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dselect update\n"
"# debconf-set-selections &lt; myselection.debconf\n"
"# dpkg --set-selections  &lt; myselection.dpkg\n"
"# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade    # or dselect install"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8198
msgid "If you are thinking about managing many servers in a cluster with practically the same configuration, you should consider to use specialized package such as <literal>fai</literal> to manage the whole system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8201
msgid "Convert or install an alien binary package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8202
msgid "<literal>alien</literal>(1) enables the conversion of binary packages provided in Red Hat <literal>rpm</literal>, Stampede <literal>slp</literal>, Slackware <literal>tgz</literal>, and Solaris <literal>pkg</literal> file formats into a Debian <literal>deb</literal> package.  If you want to use a package from another Linux distribution than the one you have installed on your system, you can use <literal>alien</literal> to convert it to your preferred package format and install it.  <literal>alien</literal> also supports LSB packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8203
msgid "The original package needs to be statically linked or its library dependency needs to be satisfied manually.  So use this command with great care."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8206
msgid "Extract package without dpkg"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8207
msgid "The current \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" package contents can be extracted without using <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) on any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment using standard <literal>ar</literal>(1) and <literal>tar</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8208
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ar x /path/to/dpkg_&lt;version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb\n"
"# ls\n"
"total 24\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo  1320 2007-05-07 00:11 control.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 12837 2007-05-07 00:11 data.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo     4 2007-05-07 00:11 debian-binary\n"
"# mkdir control\n"
"# mkdir data\n"
"# tar xvzf control.tar.gz -C control\n"
"# tar xvzf data.tar.gz -C data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8218
msgid "You can also browse package content using the <literal>mc</literal> command."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8221
msgid "More readings for the package management"
msgstr "パッケージ管理の追加参考文書"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8222
msgid "You should read:"
msgstr "以下を参照:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8225
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8), <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), <literal>tasksel</literal>(8), <literal>apt-get</literal>(8), <literal>apt-config</literal>(8), <literal>apt-key</literal>(8), <literal>sources.list</literal>(5), <literal>apt.conf</literal>(5), and <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5);"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8230
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/offline.html/index.html</literal>\" from the <literal>apt-doc</literal> package; and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8235
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/index.html</literal>\" from the <literal>aptitude-doc-en</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8239
msgid "The official and detailed secondary information on the Debian archive are given by:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8242
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Policy Manual Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive\"</ulink>,"
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの正式のポリシーは<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debianポリシーマニュアル、第2章 - Debianアーカイブ</ulink>に規定されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8246
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Developer's Reference, Chapter 4 - Resources for Debian Developers 4.6 The Debian archive\"</ulink>, and"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian 開発者リファレンス、第4章 Debian 開発者が利用可能なリソース 4.6 Debian アーカイブ\"</ulink>と、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8250
msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ, Chapter 5 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ, Chapter 5 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8254
msgid "The tutorial for building of a Debian package for the common Debian user is given by:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8257
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide\"</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide\"</ulink>."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8265
msgid "The system initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8266
msgid "It is wise for you as the system administrator to know roughly how the Debian system is started and configured.  Although the exact details are in the source files of the packages installed and their documentations, it is a bit overwhelming for most of us."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8267
msgid "I did my best to provide a quick overview of the key points of the Debian system and their configuration for your reference, based on the current and previous knowledge of mine and others. Since the Debian system is a moving target, the situation over the system may have been changed.  Before making any changes to the system, you should refer to the latest documentation for each package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8269
msgid "An overview of the boot strap process"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8270
msgid "The computer system undergoes several phases of <ulink url=\"&bootstrapprocesses;\">boot strap processes</ulink> from the power-on event until it offers the fully functional operating system (OS) to the user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8271
msgid "For simplicity, I will limit discussion to the typical PC platform with the default installation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8272
msgid "The typical boot strap process is like a four-stage rocket.  Each stage rocket hands over the system control to the next stage one.  Here each stage corresponds to:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8276
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8301
msgid "Stage 1: the BIOS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8281
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8326
msgid "Stage 2: the boot loader"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8286
msgid "Stage 3, the mini-Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8291
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8576
msgid "Stage 4: the normal Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8295
msgid "Of course, these can be configured differently.  For example, if you compiled your own kernel, you may be skipping the step with the mini-Debian system.  So please do not assume this is the case for your system until you check it yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8297
msgid "For non-legacy PC platform such as the SUN or the Macintosh system, the BIOS on ROM and the partition on the disk may be quite different (<xref linkend=\"_partition_configuration\"/>).  Please seek the platform specific documentations elsewhere for such a case."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8302
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> is the 1st stage of the boot process which is started by the power-on event. The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> resides on the <ulink url=\"&readonlymemoryrom;\">read only memory (ROM)</ulink> from the particular memory address to which the program counter of CPU is initialized by the power-on event."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8303
msgid "This BIOS performs the basic initialization of the hardware (<ulink url=\"&postpoweronselftest;\">POST: power on self test</ulink>) and hands the system control to the next step which you provide.  The BIOS is usually provided with the hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8304
msgid "The BIOS startup screen usually indicates what key(s) to press to enter the BIOS setup screen to configure the BIOS behavior. Popular keys used are F1, F2, F10, Esc, Ins, and Del. If your BIOS startup screen is hidden by a nice graphics screen, you may press some keys such as Esc to disable this.  These keys are highly dependent on the hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8305
msgid "The hardware location and the priority of the code started by the BIOS can be selected from the BIOS setup screen.  Typically, the first few sectors of the first found selected device (hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, …) are loaded to the memory and this initial code is executed.  This initial code can be:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8309
msgid "the boot loader code,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8314
msgid "the kernel code of the stepping stone OS such as <ulink url=\"&freedos;\">FreeDOS</ulink>, or"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8319
msgid "the kernel code of the target OS if it fits in this small space."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8323
msgid "Typically, the system is booted from the specified partition of the primary hard disk partition. The first sector of the hard disk contain the <ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">master boot record (MBR)</ulink>.  The disk partition information including the boot selection is recorded at the end of this MBR. The first boot loader code executed from the BIOS for the hard disk occupies the rest of this MBR."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8327
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&bootloader;\">boot loader</ulink> is the 2nd stage of the boot process which is started by the BIOS.  It loads the system kernel image and the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> image to the memory and hands control over to them.  This initrd image is the root filesystem image and its support depends on the bootloader used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8328
msgid "The Debian system normally uses the Linux kernel as the default system kernel. The initrd image for the current 2.6 Linux kernel is technically the initramfs (initial RAM filesystem) image. The initramfs image is a gzipped cpio archive of files in the root filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8329
msgid "The default install of the Debian system places first-stage GRUB boot loader code into the <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> for the PC platform. There are many boot loaders and configuration options available."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8331
msgid "List of boot loaders."
msgstr "ブートローダーのリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8342
msgid "bootloader"
msgstr "ブートローダー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8354
msgid "initrd"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8364
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">GRUB Legacy</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">GRUB Legacy</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8366
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub\"> grub </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub\"> grub </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8369
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub\">&pop-grub;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub\">&pop-grub;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8370
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub.html\">&size-grub;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub.html\">&size-grub;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8372
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8388
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8404
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8420
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8436
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8452
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8468
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18970
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18983
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18996
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19009
msgid "Supported"
msgstr "サポート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8375
msgid "This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and file systems such as vfat, ext3, …. (<literal>lenny</literal> default)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8380
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8396
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 2</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8382
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-pc\"> grub-pc </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-pc\"> grub-pc </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8385
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-pc\">&pop-grubpc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-pc\">&pop-grubpc;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8386
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-pc.html\">&size-grubpc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-pc.html\">&size-grubpc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8391
msgid "This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and file systems such as vfat, ext3, …."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8398
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-rescue-pc\"> grub-rescue-pc </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-rescue-pc\"> grub-rescue-pc </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8401
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-rescue-pc\">&pop-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-rescue-pc\">&pop-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8402
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-rescue-pc.html\">&size-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-rescue-pc.html\">&size-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8407
msgid "This is GRUB 2 bootable rescue images (CD and floppy) (PC/BIOS version)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8412
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8414
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/lilo\"> lilo </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/lilo\"> lilo </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8417
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/lilo\">&pop-lilo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/lilo\">&pop-lilo;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8418
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/lilo.html\">&size-lilo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/lilo.html\">&size-lilo;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8423
msgid "This relies on the sector locations of data on the hard disk. (Old)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8428
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8430
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8446
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/syslinux\"> syslinux </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/syslinux\"> syslinux </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8433
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8449
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/syslinux\">&pop-syslinux;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/syslinux\">&pop-syslinux;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8434
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8450
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/syslinux.html\">&size-syslinux;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/syslinux.html\">&size-syslinux;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8439
msgid "This understands the ISO9660 file system.  This is used by the boot CD."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8444
msgid "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8455
msgid "This understands the <ulink url=\"&msdosfilesystemfat;\">MSDOS file system (FAT)</ulink>.  This is used by the boot floppy."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8460
msgid "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8462
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/loadlin\"> loadlin </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/loadlin\"> loadlin </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8465
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/loadlin\">&pop-loadlin;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/loadlin\">&pop-loadlin;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8466
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/loadlin.html\">&size-loadlin;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/loadlin.html\">&size-loadlin;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8471
msgid "New system is started from the FreeDOS/MSDOS system."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8476
msgid "<ulink url=\"&neilturtonsmbr;\">Neil Turton's MBR</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&neilturtonsmbr;\">Neil TurtonのMBR</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8478
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mbr\"> mbr </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mbr\"> mbr </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8481
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mbr\">&pop-mbr;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mbr\">&pop-mbr;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8482
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mbr.html\">&size-mbr;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mbr.html\">&size-mbr;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8484
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18957
msgid "Not supported"
msgstr "非サポート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8487
msgid "This is free software which substitutes MSDOS <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink>.  This only understands disk partitions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8494
msgid "Do not play with boot loaders without having bootable rescue media (CD or floppy) created from images in the <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> package.  It will let you boot your system even without functioning bootloader on the harddisk."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8496
msgid "For GRUB Legacy, the menu configuration file is located at \"<literal>/boot/grub/menu.lst</literal>\".  For example, it has entries like:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8497
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"title           Debian GNU/Linux\n"
"root            (hd0,2)\n"
"kernel          /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 ro\n"
"initrd          /initrd.img"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8501
msgid "For GRUB 2, the menu configuration file is located at \"<literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>\". It is automatically generated by \"<literal>/usr/sbin/update-grub</literal>\" using templates from \"<literal>/etc/grub.d/*</literal>\" and settings from \"<literal>/etc/default/grub</literal>\".  For example, it has entries like:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8502
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"menuentry \"Debian GNU/Linux\" {\n"
"        set root=(hd0,3)\n"
"        linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3\n"
"        initrd /initrd.img\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8507
msgid "For these examples, these GRUB parameters mean:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8509
msgid "The meaning of GRUB parameters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8516
msgid "GRUB parameter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8526
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9057
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9060
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9074
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9091
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9094
msgid "<literal>root</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>root</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8529
msgid "Use 3rd partition on boot disk by setting it as \"<literal>(hd0,2)</literal>\" in GRUB legacy or as \"<literal>(hd0,3)</literal>\" in GRUB 2."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8534
msgid "<literal>kernel</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>kernel</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8537
msgid "Use kernel located at \"<literal>/vmlinuz</literal>\" with kernel parameter: \"<literal>root=/dev/hda3 ro</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8542
msgid "<literal>initrd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>initrd</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8545
msgid "Use <ulink url=\"&initrdinitramfs;\">initrd/initramfs</ulink> image located at \"<literal>/initrd.img</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8552
msgid "The value of the partition number used by GRUB legacy program is one less than normal one used by Linux kernel and utility tools.  GRUB 2 program fixes this problem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8555
msgid "<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>) may be used to identify a block special device instead of its file name such as \"<literal>/dev/hda3</literal>\", e.g.\"<literal>root=UUID=81b289d5-4341-4003-9602-e254a17ac232 ro</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8558
msgid "You can start a boot loader from another boot loader using techniques called <ulink url=\"&chainloading;\">chain loading</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8560
msgid "See \"<literal>info grub</literal>\" and <literal>grub-install</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8563
msgid "Stage 3: the mini-Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8564
msgid "The mini-Debian system is the 3rd stage of the boot process which is started by the boot loader.  It runs the system kernel with its root filesystem on the memory. It is an optional preparatory stage of the boot process."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8566
msgid "The term \"the mini-Debian system\" is coined by the author to describe this 3rd stage boot process for this document.  This system is commonly referred as the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> or initramfs system. Similar system on the memory is used by <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the Debian Installer</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8568
msgid "The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script is executed as the first program in this root filesystem on the memory.  It is a shell script program which initializes the kernel in user space and hands control over to the next stage. This mini-Debian system offers flexibility to the boot process such as adding kernel modules before the main boot process or mounting the root file system as an encrypted one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8569
msgid "You can interrupt this part of the boot process to gain root shell by providing \"<literal>break=init</literal>\" etc. to the kernel boot parameter. See the \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script for more break conditions.  This shell environment is sophisticated enough to make a good inspection of your machine's hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8570
msgid "Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down ones and mainly provided by a GNU tool called <literal>busybox</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8572
msgid "You need to use \"<literal>-n</literal>\" option for <literal>mount</literal> command when you are on the readonly root file system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8577
msgid "The normal Debian system is the 4th stage of the boot process which is started by the mini-Debian system.  The system kernel for the mini-Debian system continues to run in this environment. The root filesystem is switched from the one on the memory to the one on the real harddisk filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8578
msgid "The \"<literal>/sbin/init</literal>\" program is executed as the first program and performs the main boot process. The Debian normally uses the traditional sysvinit scheme with the <literal>sysv-rc</literal> package.  See <literal>init</literal>(8), <literal>inittab</literal>(5), and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" for the exact explanation.  Following is a simplified overview of this main boot process:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8582
msgid "The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel N</emphasis> (none) to initialize the system by following the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" description."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8587
msgid "The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel S</emphasis> to initialize the system under the single-user mode to complete hardware initialization etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8592
msgid "The Debian system switches itself to one of the specified <emphasis role=\"strong\">multi-user runlevels (2 to 5)</emphasis> to start the system services."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8596
msgid "The initial runlevel used for multi-user mode is specified with the \"<literal>init=</literal>\" kernel boot parameter or in the \"initdefault\" line of this \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\". The Debian system as installed starts at the <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel 2</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8597
msgid "All scripts executed by the init system are located in the directory \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8599
msgid "For alternative boot mechanism to the <literal>sysv-rc</literal> package using a single configuration file \"<literal>/etc/runlevel.conf</literal>\", see the <literal>file-rc</literal> package. Both mechanisms are compatible through \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rc</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>\", \"<literal>/usr/sbin/update-rc.d</literal>\", and \"<literal>/usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d</literal>\" scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8602
msgid "The meaning of the runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8603
msgid "Each <ulink url=\"&runlevel;\">runlevel</ulink> uses a directory for its configuration and has specific meaning:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8605
msgid "List of runlevels and meanings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8613
msgid "runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8626
msgid "<literal>N</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8629
msgid "none"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8632
msgid "System bootup (NONE). There is no \"<literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal>\" directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8637
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20226
msgid "<literal>0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8640
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc0.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8643
msgid "Halt the system."
msgstr "システム停止"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8648
msgid "<literal>S</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8651
msgid "<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8654
msgid "Single-user mode on boot. The lower case \"<literal>s</literal>\" can be used as alias."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8659
msgid "<literal>1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8662
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc1.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8665
msgid "Single-user mode switched from multi-user mode."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8670
msgid "<literal>2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8673
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8676
msgid "Multi-user mode."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8681
msgid "<literal>3</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8684
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc3.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8687
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8698
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8709
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8742
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8753
msgid ",,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8692
msgid "<literal>4</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8695
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc4.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8703
msgid "<literal>5</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8706
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc5.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8714
msgid "<literal>6</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8717
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc6.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8720
msgid "Reboot the system."
msgstr "システム再起動。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8725
msgid "<literal>7</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8728
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc7.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8731
msgid "Valid multi-user mode but not normally used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8736
msgid "<literal>8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8739
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc8.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8747
msgid "<literal>9</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8750
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc9.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8759
msgid "You can change the runlevel from the console to, e.g., 4 by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8760
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo telinit 4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8762
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">The Debian system does not pre-assign any special meaning differences among the <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> between 2 and 5.</emphasis> The system administrator on the Debian system may change this.  (I.e., Debian is not <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&solarisbysunmicrosystems;\">Solaris by Sun Microsystems</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&hpuxbyhewlettpackard;\">HP-UX by Hewlett Packard</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&aixbyibm;\">AIX by IBM</ulink> nor …)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8765
msgid "The Debian system does not populate directories for the <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> between 7 and 9 when the package is installed.  Traditional <ulink url=\"&unixvariants;\">Unix variants</ulink> don’t use these <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8769
msgid "The configuration of the runlevel"
msgstr "runlevelの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8770
msgid "The names of the symlinks in the runlevel directories have the form \"<literal>S&lt;2-digit-number&gt;&lt;original-name&gt;</literal>\" or \"<literal>K&lt;2-digit-number&gt;&lt;original-name&gt;</literal>\". The 2-digit-number is used to determine the order in which to run the scripts. \"<literal>S</literal>\" is for \"Start\" and \"<literal>K</literal>\" is for \"Kill\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8771
msgid "When <literal>init</literal>(8) or <literal>telinit</literal>(8) commands change the runlevel to \"&lt;n&gt;\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8775
msgid "the script names starting with a \"<literal>K</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical order with the single argument \"<literal>stop</literal>\". (killing services)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8780
msgid "the script names starting with an \"<literal>S</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical order with the single argument \"<literal>start</literal>\". (starting services)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8784
msgid "For example, if you had the links \"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" and \"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\" in a runlevel directory, \"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" would run before \"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8786
msgid "It is not advisable to make any changes to symlinks in \"<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>\" unless you know better than the maintainer."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8790
msgid "The runlevel management example"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8791
msgid "For example, let's set up runlevel system somewhat like <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink>, i.e.:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8795
msgid "to start the system in runlevel=3 as the default,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8800
msgid "not to start <literal>gdm</literal>(1) in runlevel=(0,1,2,6), and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8805
msgid "to start <literal>gdm</literal>(1) in runlevel=(3,4,5).  The easy way is to use editor on the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" file to change starting runlevel and use user friendly runlevel management tools such as <literal>sysv-rc-conf</literal> or <literal>bum</literal> to edit the runlevel.  If you are to use command line only, here is how you do it (after the default installation of the <literal>gdm</literal> package and selecting it to be the choice of display manager):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8810
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /etc/rc2.d ; mv S21gdm K21gdm\n"
"# cd /etc ; perl -i -p -e 's/^id:.:/id:3:/' inittab"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8812
msgid "Please note the \"<literal>/etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>\" file is checked when starting the display manager daemons: <literal>xdm</literal>, <literal>gdm</literal>, <literal>kdm</literal>, and <literal>wdm</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8814
msgid "You can still start X from any console shell with the <literal>startx</literal>(1) command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8818
msgid "The default parameter for each init script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8819
msgid "The default parameter for each init script in \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" is given by the corresponding file in \"<literal>/etc/default/</literal>\" which contains environment variable assignments <emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis>. The choice of directory name is specific to the Debian system.  It is roughly the equivalent of the \"<literal>/etc/sysconfig</literal>\" directory found in <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> and other distributions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8820
msgid "For example, \"<literal>/etc/default/hotplug</literal>\" can be used to control how \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hotplug</literal>\" works.  The \"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>\" file can be used to customize boot-time defaults for <literal>motd</literal>(5), <literal>sulogin</literal>(8), etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8821
msgid "If you cannot get the behavior you want by changing such variables then you may <ulink url=\"&modifytheinitscripts;\">modify the init scripts</ulink> themselves: they are all configuration files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8824
msgid "The hostname"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8825
msgid "The kernel maintains the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">hostname</emphasis>.  The initscript \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" sets the system hostname at boot time (using the <literal>hostname</literal> command) to the name stored in \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  This file should contain <emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis> the system hostname, not a fully qualified domain name."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8826
msgid "To print out the current hostname run <literal>hostname</literal>(1) without an argument."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8829
msgid "Network interface initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8830
msgid "Network interfaces are initialized under single-user mode on boot by the initscript \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown-clean</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown</literal>\".  See <xref linkend=\"_network_setup\"/> for how to configure them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8833
msgid "Network service initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8834
msgid "Many network services (see <xref linkend=\"_network_applications\"/>) are started directly as daemon processes at boot time, e.g., \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20exim4</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2) which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8835
msgid "Some network services can be started on demand using the <ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink>, <literal>inetd</literal> (or its equivalents).  The <literal>inetd</literal> is started at boot time by \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2) which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".  Essentially, <literal>inetd</literal> allows one running daemon to invoke several others, reducing load on the system."
msgstr "インターネット<emphasis>スーパーサーバー</emphasis><literal>inetd</literal>は、(RUNLEVEL=2の場合)\"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\"にシムリンクされた\"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\"によってブート時に起動されます。RUNLEVEL=2),whichisasymlinkto\"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".基本的に、<literal>inetd</literal>は一つの実行デーモンによりいくつかの他のデーモンを起動できるようにすることで、システムのロードを下げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8836
msgid "Whenever a request for service arrives, its protocol and service are identified by looking them up in the databases in \"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\".  <literal>inetd</literal> then looks up a normal Internet service in the \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\" database, or a <ulink url=\"&opennetworkcompucalloncrpcsunrpc;\">Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC)/Sun RPC</ulink> based service in \"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"."
msgstr "サービス要求が到達する度に、そのプロトコルとサービスが\"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\"と\"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\"というデータベースを照覧することで確認されます。さらに<literal>inetd</literal>は、\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"の中にある通常のインターネットサービスか、\"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"の中にある<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>準拠サービスを照覧します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8837
msgid "For system security, make sure to disable unused services in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  Sun-RPC services need to be active for NFS and other RPC-based programs."
msgstr "システムのセキュリティのために\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"にある不使用のサービスは確実にディスエーブルしましょう。NFS他のRPCを使うプログラムためには<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">SunRPC</ulink>サービスはアクティブにする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8838
msgid "Sometimes, <literal>inetd</literal> does not start the intended server directly but starts the <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink>, <literal>tcpd</literal>, with the intended server name as its argument in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  In this case, <literal>tcpd</literal> runs the appropriate server program after logging the request and doing some additional checks using \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"."
msgstr "時々、<literal>inetd</literal>が対象となるサーバーを直接起動せずに、対象となるサーバーを名を\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"中に引数とし記載した<ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCPデーモンラッパー</ulink>プログラム<literal>tcpd</literal>(8)を起動することがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8839
msgid "If you have problems with remote access in a recent Debian system, comment out \"ALL: PARANOID\" in \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" if it exists.  (But you must be careful on security risks involved with this kind of action.)"
msgstr "もし最近のDebianシステムでリモートアクセスで問題に会った場合には、\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"中に\"<literal>ALL:PARANOID</literal>\"という文言があるならコメントアウトしましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8840
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9813
msgid "For details, see <literal>inetd</literal>(8), <literal>inetd.conf</literal>(5), <literal>protocols</literal>(5), <literal>services</literal>(5), <literal>tcpd</literal>(8), <literal>hosts_access</literal>(5), and <literal>hosts_options</literal>(5)."
msgstr "詳しいことは、<literal>inetd</literal>(8)と<literal>inetd.conf</literal>(5)と<literal>protocols</literal>(5)と<literal>services</literal>(5)と<literal>tcpd</literal>(8)と<literal>hosts_access</literal>(5)と<literal>hosts_options</literal>(5)を参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8841
msgid "For more information on Sun-RPC, see <literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8), <literal>portmap</literal>(8), and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr "Sun-RPCに関してさらに詳しいことは、<literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8)と<literal>portmap</literal>(8)と\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"を参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8844
msgid "The system message"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8845
msgid "The system message can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/syslog.conf</literal>\" for both the log file and on-screen display. See <literal>syslogd</literal>(8) and <literal>syslog.conf</literal>(5).  See also <xref linkend=\"_log_analyzer\"/>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8848
msgid "The kernel message"
msgstr "カーネルメッセージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8849
msgid "The kernel message can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/init.d/klogd</literal>\" for both the log file and on-screen display.  Set \"<literal>KLOGD='-c 3'</literal>\" in this script and run \"<literal>/etc/init.d/klogd restart</literal>\".  See <literal>klogd</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8850
msgid "You may directly change the error message level by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8851
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dmesg -n3"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8852
msgid "Here:"
msgstr "ここで:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8854
msgid "List of kernel error levels."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8862
msgid "error level value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8865
msgid "error level name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8878
msgid "KERN_EMERG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8881
msgid "system is unusable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8889
msgid "KERN_ALERT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8892
msgid "action must be taken immediately"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8900
msgid "KERN_CRIT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8903
msgid "critical conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8908
msgid "3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8911
msgid "KERN_ERR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8914
msgid "error conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8919
msgid "4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8922
msgid "KERN_WARNING"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8925
msgid "warning conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8930
msgid "5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8933
msgid "KERN_NOTICE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8936
msgid "normal but significant condition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8941
msgid "6"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8944
msgid "KERN_INFO"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8947
msgid "informational"
msgstr "情報"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8952
msgid "7"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8955
msgid "KERN_DEBUG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8958
msgid "debug-level messages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8966
msgid "The udev system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8967
msgid "For Linux kernel 2.6, <ulink url=\"&theudevsystem;\">the udev system</ulink> provides mechanism for the automatic hardware discovery and initialization (see <literal>udev</literal>(7)). Upon discovery of each device by the kernel, the udev system starts a user process which uses information from the <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> filesystem (see <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>), loads required kernel modules supporting it using the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>), and creates corresponding device nodes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8969
msgid "If \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;kernel-version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" was not generated properly by <literal>depmod</literal>(8) for some reason, modules may not be loaded as expected by the udev system. Execute \"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" to fix it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8971
msgid "The name of device nodes can be configured by files in \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/</literal>\" (see \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/udev/writing_udev_rules/index.html</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8972
msgid "Since the udev system is somewhat a moving target, I leave details to other documentations and describe the minimum information here."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8975
msgid "The kernel module initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8976
msgid "The <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program enables us to configure running Linux kernel from user process by adding and removing kernel modules.  The udev system (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>) automates its invocation to help the kernel module initialization."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8977
msgid "Non-hardware modules and special hardware driver modules, such as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8980
msgid "<ulink url=\"&tuntap;\">TUN/TAP</ulink> modules providing virtual Point-to-Point network device (TUN) and virtual Ethernet network device (TAP),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8984
msgid "<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> modules providing netfilter firewall capabilities (<literal>iptables</literal>(8), <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8988
msgid "<ulink url=\"&watchdogtimer;\">watchdog timer</ulink> driver modules need to be pre-loaded by listing them in the \"<literal>/etc/modules</literal>\" file (see <literal>modules</literal>(5))."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8993
msgid "The configuration files for the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program are located under the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/</literal>\" directory as explained in <literal>modprobe.conf</literal>(5).  (If you want to avoid some kernel modules to be auto-loaded, consider to blacklist them in the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/blacklist</literal>\" file.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8994
msgid "The \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" file generated by the <literal>depmod</literal>(8) program describes module dependencies used by the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8996
msgid "If you experience module loading issues with boot time module loading or with <literal>modprobe</literal>(8), \"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" may resolve these issues by reconstructing \"<literal>modules.dep</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8998
msgid "The <literal>modinfo</literal>(8) program shows information about a Linux Kernel module."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8999
msgid "The <literal>lsmod</literal>(8) program nicely formats the contents of the \"<literal>/proc/modules</literal>\", showing what kernel modules are currently loaded."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9001
msgid "You can identify exact hardware on your system.  See <xref linkend=\"_hardware_identification\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9004
msgid "You may configure hardware at boot time to activate expected hardware features. See <xref linkend=\"_hardware_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9007
msgid "You can add support for your device by recompiling kernel.  See <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9013
msgid "Authentication"
msgstr "認証"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9014
msgid "When a person (or a program) requests access to the system, authentication confirms the identity to be a trusted one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9016
msgid "Configuration errors of PAM may lock you out of your own system.  You must have a rescue CD handy or setup an alternative boot partition.  To recover, boot the system with them and correct things from there."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9019
msgid "Normal Unix authentication"
msgstr "通常のUnix認証"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9020
msgid "Normal Unix authentication is provided by the <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8) module under the <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink>. Its 3 important configuration files, with \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entries, are:"
msgstr "通常のUnix認証は<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM(プラグ可能な認証モジュール)</ulink>のもとで<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>(8)モジュールによって提供される。\"<literal>:</literal>\"で分離されたエントリーを持つその3つの重要なコンフィギュレーションファイルは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9022
msgid "3 important configuration files for <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)."
msgstr "3つの<literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)に関する重要なコンフィギュレーションファイル。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9035
msgid "permission"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9038
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16129
msgid "user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9051
msgid "<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9063
msgid "The (sanitized) user account information."
msgstr "(浄化された)ユーザアカウント情報。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9068
msgid "<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9071
msgid "<literal>-rw-r-----</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9077
msgid "<literal>shadow</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9080
msgid "The secure user account information."
msgstr "保護されたユーザアカウント情報。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9085
msgid "<literal>/etc/group</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9097
msgid "The group information."
msgstr "グループ情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9103
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" contains:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" ファイルの内容は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9104
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"user1:x:1000:1000:User1 Name,,,:/home/user1:/bin/bash\n"
"user2:x:1001:1001:User2 Name,,,:/home/user2:/bin/bash\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9108
msgid "As explained in <literal>passwd</literal>(5), each \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entry of this file means:"
msgstr "<literal>passwd</literal>(5) に説明されているように、このファイルの \"<literal>:</literal>\" で分離されたエントリーそれぞれは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9112
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9207
msgid "login name"
msgstr "ログイン名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9117
msgid "password specification entry"
msgstr "パスワード規定エントリー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9122
msgid "numerical user ID"
msgstr "数値のユーザID"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9127
msgid "numerical group ID"
msgstr "数値のグループID"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9132
msgid "user name or comment field"
msgstr "ユーザ名またはコメント領域"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9137
msgid "user home directory"
msgstr "ユーザのホームディレクトリ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9142
msgid "optional user command interpreter"
msgstr "ユーザのコマンドインタープリター(無いこともある)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9146
msgid "The second entry of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" was used for the encrypted password entry.  After the introduction of \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\", this entry is used for the password specification entry."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"の2番目のエントリーは暗号化したパスワードのエントリーとして使われていました。\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"が導入された後は、このエントリーはパスワード規定エントリーとして使われています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9148
msgid "The second entry content of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"/etc/passwd\"の2番目のエントリーの内容。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9165
msgid "(empty)"
msgstr "(空白)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9168
msgid "passwordless account"
msgstr "パスワード無しアカウント"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9173
msgid "x"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9176
msgid "the encrypted password is in \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\""
msgstr "暗号化したパスワードは\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"ファイルの中にある。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9181
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9184
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9192
msgid "no login for this account"
msgstr "このアカウントへのログイン不可"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9189
msgid "!"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9198
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" contains:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" ファイルの内容は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9199
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"user1:$1$Xop0FYH9$IfxyQwBe9b8tiyIkt2P4F/:13262:0:99999:7:::\n"
"user2:$1$vXGZLVbS$ElyErNf/agUDsm1DehJMS/:13261:0:99999:7:::\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9203
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9245
msgid "As explained in <literal>shadow</literal>(5), each \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entry of this file means:"
msgstr "<literal>shadow</literal>(5)で説明されているように、このファイルの\"<literal>:</literal>\"で分離されたエントリーそれぞれは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9212
msgid "encrypted password.  The initial \"<literal>$1$</literal>\" indicates use of the MD5 encryption. The \"*\" indicates no login."
msgstr "暗号化されたパスワード。最初が\"<literal>$1$</literal>\"で始まっているのはMD5暗号化が使われていることを示します。\"*\"はログイン不可を示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9217
msgid "days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed"
msgstr "1970年1月1日から、最後にパスワードが変更された日までの日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9222
msgid "days before password may be changed"
msgstr "パスワードが変更可能となるまでの日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9227
msgid "days after which password must be changed"
msgstr "パスワードを変更しなくてはならなくなる日までの日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9232
msgid "days before password is to expire that user is warned"
msgstr "パスワード有効期限が来る前に、ユーザが警告を受ける日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9241
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" contains:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\"のファイル内容は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9242
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"group1:x:20:user1,user2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9249
msgid "group name"
msgstr "グループ名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9254
msgid "encrypted password (not really used)"
msgstr "暗号化されたパスワード(実際は使われていない)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9259
msgid "numerical group ID."
msgstr "数値のグループID。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9264
msgid "\",\" separated list of user names."
msgstr "\",\" で分離されたユーザ名のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9268
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>\" provides the similar function as \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" for \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" but is not really used."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>\"ファイルは\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"ファイルが\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\"ファイルに対する機能と同様の機能がありますが、実際には使われていません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9270
msgid "The actual group membership of a user may be dynamically added if \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line is added to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and set it in \"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  See <literal>pam_group</literal>(8)."
msgstr "もし\"<literal>authoptionalpam_group.so</literal>\"行が\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"に書き加えれ、\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\"に対応する設定がされていれば、実際のユーザのグループメンバーシップは動的に割り当てられます。<literal>pam_group</literal>(8)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9273
msgid "The <literal>base-passwd</literal> package contains an authoritative list of the user and the group: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>base-passwd</literal> パッケージはユーザとグループに関する権威のあるリストが含まれます: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9277
msgid "Manage account and password information"
msgstr "アカウントとパスワードの情報管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9278
msgid "Here are few notable commands to manage account information:"
msgstr "アカウント情報管理のための重要コマンド:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9280
msgid "List of commands to manage account information."
msgstr "アカウント情報管理のためのコマンドリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9290
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9401
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9612
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10328
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11232
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11323
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11392
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13433
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13636
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13727
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14666
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14987
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19412
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20126
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20211
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22164
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23784
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24872
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26025
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26418
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26501
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26691
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27066
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27176
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27276
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27451
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27674
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27954
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28115
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28203
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28333
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28949
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29914
msgid "function"
msgstr "機能"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9297
msgid "<literal>getent passwd &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9300
msgid "browse account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9305
msgid "<literal>getent shadow &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9308
msgid "browse shadowed account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9313
msgid "<literal>getent group &lt;group_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9316
msgid "browse group information of \"<literal>&lt;group_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9321
msgid "<literal>passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9324
msgid "manage password for the account"
msgstr "アカウントのパスワード管理"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9329
msgid "<literal>passwd -e</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9332
msgid "set one-time password for the account activation"
msgstr "アカウント開設のための一回だけ使えるパスワードの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9337
msgid "<literal>chage</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9340
msgid "manage password aging information"
msgstr "パスワードのエージング情報管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9346
msgid "You may need to have the root privilege for some functions to work. See <literal>crypt</literal>(3) for the password and data encryption."
msgstr "一部機能が機能するにはroot権限が必要な場合があります。パスワードとデータの暗号化は<literal>crypt</literal>(3)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9348
msgid "On the system set up with PAM and NSS as the Debian <ulink url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</ulink> machine, the content of local \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" may not be actively used by the system.  Above commands are valid even under such environment."
msgstr " Debianが提供する<ulink url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</ulink>機器と同様なPAMとNSSの設定をされたシステム上では、ローカルの\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"や\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\"や\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"の内容がシステムにアクティブに利用されていないことがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9352
msgid "Good password"
msgstr "良好なパスワード"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9353
msgid "When creating an account during your system installation or with the <literal>passwd</literal>(1) command, you should choose a <ulink url=\"&goodpassword;\">good password</ulink> which consists of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets according to <literal>passwd</literal>(1):"
msgstr "システムインストール時や<literal>passwd</literal>(1)コマンドによってアカウント作成する際に次に記すようなセットからなる6から8文字の<ulink url=\"&goodpassword;\">良好なパスワード</ulink>を<literal>passwd</literal>(1)によると選択するべきです:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9357
msgid "lower case alphabetics"
msgstr "小文字のアルファベット"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9362
msgid "digits 0 through 9"
msgstr "数字の0から9"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9367
msgid "punctuation marks"
msgstr "句読点"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9372
msgid "Do not chose guessable words for the password."
msgstr "想像できるような単語はパスワードに選択禁止。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9376
msgid "Creating encrypted password"
msgstr "暗号化されたパスワード作成"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9377
msgid "There are independent tools to generate encrypted password with salt:"
msgstr "ソルトを使って暗号化されたパスワードを生成する独立のツールとして次があります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9379
msgid "List of tools to generate password."
msgstr "パスワード生成ツールのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9407
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/whois\"> <literal>whois</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9410
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/whois\">&pop-whois;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/whois\">&pop-whois;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9411
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/whois.html\">&size-whois;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9413
msgid "<literal>mkpasswd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9416
msgid "over-featured front end to the <literal>crypt</literal>(3) library"
msgstr "<literal>crypt</literal>(3)ライブラリーの充実しすぎたフロントエンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9420
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23859
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/openssl\"> <literal>openssl</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9423
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23862
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/openssl\">&pop-openssl;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9424
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23863
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/o/openssl.html\">&size-openssl;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9426
msgid "<literal>openssl passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9429
msgid "compute password hashes (OpenSSL). <literal>passwd</literal>(1ssl)"
msgstr "パスワードハッシュの計算(OpenSSL)。<literal>passwd</literal>(1ssl)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9437
msgid "PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAM と NSS"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9438
msgid "Modern <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> systems such as the Debian system provide <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism to the local system administrator to configure his system.  The role of these can be summarizes as:"
msgstr "Debianシステムのような最新の<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>システムは<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM(差し替え可能な認証モジュール:PluggableAuthenticationModules)</ulink>と<ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS(ネームサービススイッチ:NameServiceSwitch)</ulink>メカニズムをローカルのシステム管理者がそのシステム管理用に提供します。それらの役割をまとめると次の様になります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9442
msgid "PAM offers a flexible authentication mechanism used by the application software thus involves password data exchange."
msgstr "PAM は、アプリケーションソフトウエアが使う柔軟な認証メカニズムを提供し、パスワードデータの交換に関与します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9447
msgid "NSS offers a flexible name service mechanism which is frequently used by the <ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C standard library</ulink> to obtain the user and group name for programs such as <literal>ls</literal>(1) and <literal>id</literal>(1)."
msgstr "NSSは、<literal>ls</literal>(1)and<literal>id</literal>(1)等のプログラムがユーザやグループの名前を得ために<ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C標準ライブラリー</ulink>経由で頻用する柔軟なネームサービスメカニズムを提供します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9451
msgid "These PAM and NSS systems need to be configured consistently."
msgstr "これらのPAMとNSSシステムは一貫した設定が必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9452
msgid "The notable packages of PAM and NSS systems are:"
msgstr "PAMとNSSシステムに関する注目のパッケージは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9454
msgid "List of notable PAM and NSS systems."
msgstr "注目すべきPAMとNSSシステムのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9478
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-modules\"> <literal>libpam-modules</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9481
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-modules\">&pop-libpammodules;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9482
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-modules.html\">&size-libpammodules;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9484
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (basic service)"
msgstr "差し替え可能な認証モジュール(基本サービス)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9488
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-ldap\"> <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9491
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-ldap\">&pop-libpamldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9492
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-ldap.html\">&size-libpamldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9494
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr "LDAPインターフェースを可能にする差し替え可能な認証モジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9498
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-cracklib\"> <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9501
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-cracklib\">&pop-libpamcracklib;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9502
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-cracklib.html\">&size-libpamcracklib;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9504
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module to enable cracklib support"
msgstr "cracklibのサポートを可能にする差し替え可能な認証モジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9508
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-doc\"> <literal>libpam-doc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9511
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-doc\">&pop-libpamdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9512
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-doc.html\">&size-libpamdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9514
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (documentation in html and text)"
msgstr "差し替え可能な認証モジュール(htmlとtextの文書)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9518
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26031
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29164
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libc6\"> <literal>libc6</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9521
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26034
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29167
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libc6\">&pop-libcg;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libc6\">&pop-libcg;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9522
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26035
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29168
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libc/libc6.html\">&size-libcg;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9524
msgid "GNU C Library: Shared libraries which also provides \"Name Service Switch\" service"
msgstr "GNU Cライブラリー: \"ネームサービススイッチ\"も提供する共有ライブラリー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9528
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/glibc-doc\"> <literal>glibc-doc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9531
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/glibc-doc\">&pop-glibcdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9532
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc-doc.html\">&size-glibcdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9534
msgid "GNU C Library: Manpages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9538
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/glibc-doc-reference\"> <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9541
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/glibc-doc-reference\">&pop-glibcdocreference;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9542
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc-doc-reference.html\">&size-glibcdocreference;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9544
msgid "GNU C Library: Reference manual in info, pdf and html format (non-free)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9548
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libnss-mdns\"> <literal>libnss-mdns</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9551
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libnss-mdns\">&pop-libnssmdns;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9552
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libn/libnss-mdns.html\">&size-libnssmdns;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9554
msgid "NSS module for Multicast DNS name resolution"
msgstr "マルチキャストDNSを使った名前解決のためのNSSモジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9558
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libnss-ldap\"> <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9561
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libnss-ldap\">&pop-libnssldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9562
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libn/libnss-ldap.html\">&size-libnssldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9564
msgid "NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service"
msgstr "LDAPをネームサービスとして使うNSSモジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9568
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libnss-ldapd\"> <literal>libnss-ldapd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9571
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libnss-ldapd\">&pop-libnssldapd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9572
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libn/libnss-ldapd.html\">&size-libnssldapd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9574
msgid "NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service (new folk of <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>)"
msgstr "LDAPをネームサービスとして使うNSSモジュール(<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>の新たなフォーク)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9583
msgid "\"The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide\" in <literal>libpam-doc</literal> is essential for learning PAM configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9588
msgid "\"System Databases and Name Service Switch\" section in <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> is essential for learning NSS configuration."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9593
msgid "You can see more extensive and current list by \"<literal>aptitude search 'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>\" command.  The acronym NSS may also mean \"Network Security Service\" which is different from \"Name Service Switch\"."
msgstr "より大規模かつ最新のリストは\"<literal>aptitudesearch'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>\"コマンドを実行すると得られます。NSSという頭字語は \"ネームサービススイッチ:NameServiceSwitch\"と異なる\"ネットワークセキュリティサービス:NetworkSecurityService\"を指すこともあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9596
msgid "PAM is the most basic way to initialize environment variables for each program with the system wide default value."
msgstr "PAMは個別プログラムに関する環境変数をシステム全体のデフォルト値に初期化する最も基本的な手段です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9599
msgid "Configuration files accessed by the PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAMとNSSによってアクセスされるコンフィギュレーションファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9600
msgid "Here are few notable configuration files accessed by the PAM:"
msgstr "PAM がアクセスする注目すべきコンフィギュレーションファイル:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9602
msgid "List of configuration files accessed by the PAM."
msgstr "PAMがアクセスするコンフィギュレーションファイルのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9609
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14984
msgid "configuration file"
msgstr "設定ファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9619
msgid "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;プログラム名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9622
msgid "set up PAM configuration for the \"<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\" program. See <literal>pam</literal>(7) and <literal>pam.d</literal>(5)."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\"に関するPAMコンフィギュレーションの設定。<literal>pam</literal>(7)と<literal>pam.d</literal>(5)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9627
msgid "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9630
msgid "set up NSS configuration with the entry for each service. See <literal>nsswitch.conf</literal>(5)."
msgstr "各サービスに関するエントリーによるNSSコンフィギュレーションの設定。<literal>nsswitch.conf</literal>(5)参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9635
msgid "<literal>/etc/nologin</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9638
msgid "limit the user login by the <literal>pam_nologin</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "ユーザのログイン制限のために<literal>pam_nologin</literal>(8)モジュールがアクセス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9643
msgid "<literal>/etc/securetty</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9646
msgid "limit the tty for the root access by the <literal>pam_securetty</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_securetty</literal>(8)モジュールによりrootアクセスに使うttyを制限する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9651
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/access.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9654
msgid "set access limit by the <literal>pam_access</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_access</literal>(8)モジュールによりアクセス制限を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9659
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9662
msgid "set group based restraint by the <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_group</literal>(8)モジュールによりグループに基づく制約を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9667
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9670
msgid "set environment variables by the <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_env</literal>(8)モジュールにより環境変数を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9675
msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9678
msgid "set additional environment variables by the <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module with the \"<literal>readenv=1</literal>\" argument."
msgstr "\"<literal>readenv=1</literal>\"引数を付きの<literal>pam_env</literal>(8)モジュールによって追加での環境変数を設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9683
msgid "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9686
msgid "set locale by <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module with the \"<literal>readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>\" argument. (Debian)"
msgstr "\"<literal>readenv=1envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>\"引数を付きの<literal>pam_env</literal>(8)モジュールによって追加でロケールを設定する。(Debian)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9691
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/limits.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9694
msgid "set resource restraint (ulimit, core, …) by the <literal>pam_linits</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_linits</literal>(8)モジュールによってリソース制限(ulimit, core, …)を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9699
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/time.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9702
msgid "set time restraint by the <literal>pam_time</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_time</literal>(8)モジュールによって時間制限を設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9708
msgid "The limitation of the password selection is implemented by the PAM modules, <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8) and <literal>pam_cracklib</literal>(8). They can be configured by their arguments."
msgstr "パスワード選択の制限は<literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)と<literal>pam_cracklib</literal>(8)モジュールで実装されています。それらは引数を使って設定します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9710
msgid "PAM modules use suffix \"<literal>.so</literal>\" for their filenames."
msgstr "PAMモジュールはファイル名のサフィックスとして\"<literal>.so</literal>\"を使います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9714
msgid "The modern centralized system management"
msgstr "最新の集中システム管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9715
msgid "The modern centralized system management can be deployed using the centralized <ulink url=\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</ulink> server to administer many Unix-like and non-Unix-like systems on the network.  The open source implementation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is <ulink url=\"&openldapsoftware;\">OpenLDAP Software</ulink>."
msgstr "集中化された<ulink url=\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">軽量ディレクトリアクセスプロトコル(LDAP)</ulink>を採用することで多くのネットワーク上のUnix的や非Unix的システムを最新の集中システム管理が実現できます。軽量ディレクトリアクセスプロトコルのオープンソース実装は<ulink url=\"&openldapsoftware;\">OpenLDAPソフトウエア</ulink>です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9716
msgid "The LDAP server provides the account information through the use of PAM and NSS with <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> packages for the Debian system. Several actions are required to enable this (I have not used this setup and the following is purely secondary information.  Please read this in this context.):"
msgstr "LDAPサーバーは、<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>と<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>パッケージで提供されるPAMとNSSを使うことでDebianシステムにアカウント情報を提供します。この実現ためにはいくつかの設定が必要です(著者は本設定を使っていないため、本情報は完全に二次情報です。ご理解の上お読みください。):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9720
msgid "You set up a centralized LDAP server by running program such as stand-alone LDAP daemon, <literal>slapd</literal>(8)."
msgstr "スタンドアローンのLDAPデーモンである<literal>slapd</literal>(8)等のプログラムを走らせることで集中化されたLDAPサーバーを設置する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9725
msgid "You change the PAM configuration files in the \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/</literal>\" directory to use \"<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>\" instead of the default \"<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>\"."
msgstr "デフォルトの\"<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>\"に代えて\"<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>\"を使うには\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/</literal>\"ディレクトリ中のPAMコンフィギュレーションファイルを変更します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9730
msgid "You change the NSS configuration in the \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file to use \"<literal>ldap</literal>\" instead of the default (\"<literal>compat</literal>\" or \"<literal>file</literal>\")."
msgstr "デフォルト(\"<literal>compat</literal>\"または\"<literal>file</literal>\")に代えて\"<literal>ldap</literal>\"を使うには\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\"ファイル中のNSS設定を変更します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9735
msgid "Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\" as the configuration file for <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\" as the file to store the password of the root."
msgstr "Debianでは、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\"を<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>の設定ファイル、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\"をrootのパスワードを保存するファイルとして使っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9740
msgid "Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>\" as the configuration file for <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>."
msgstr "Debianでは、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\"を<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>の設定ファイル、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\"をrootのパスワードを保存するファイルとして使っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9745
msgid "You must make <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> to use <ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection for the security of password."
msgstr "パスワードのセキュリティ確保のために<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>が<ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL(もしくはTLS)</ulink>接続を使うよう設定しなければいけません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9750
msgid "You may make <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> to use <ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection to ensure integrity of data at the cost of the LDAP network overhead."
msgstr "LDAPのネットワークオバーヘッドの犠牲はあるとはいえ、データの整合性確保のために<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>が<ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL(もしくはTLS)</ulink>接続を使うように設定できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9755
msgid "You should run <literal>nscd</literal>(8) locally to cache any LDAP search results in order to reduce the LDAP network traffic."
msgstr "LDAP のネットワークトラフィックを減少させるためにLDAPサーチ結果を一時保持するための<literal>nscd</literal>(8)をローカルで走らせるべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9759
msgid "See documentations in <literal>pam_ldap.conf</literal>(5) and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/libpam-doc/html/</literal>\" offered by the <literal>libpam-doc</literal> package and \"<literal>info libc 'Name Service Switch'</literal>\" offered by the <literal>glibc-doc</literal> package."
msgstr "<literal>libpam-doc</literal>パッケージで提供される<literal>pam_ldap.conf</literal>(5)や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/libpam-doc/html/</literal>\"や<literal>glibc-doc</literal>パッケージで提供される\"<literal>infolibc'NameServiceSwitch'</literal>\"といった文書を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9760
msgid "Similarly, you can set up alternative centralized systems with:"
msgstr "同様に、これに代わる集中化されたシステムは次を使っても設定できます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9763
msgid "<ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;\">NIS (originally called YP)</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&nisplus;\">NIS+</ulink> with older Unix-like systems."
msgstr "古いUnux的システムとともに<ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;\">NIS (originally called YP)</ulink>または<ulink url=\"&nisplus;\">NIS+</ulink>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9768
msgid "Winbind with Windows NT and <ulink url=\"&samba;\">SAMBA</ulink>."
msgstr "Windows NTや<ulink url=\"&samba;\">SAMBA</ulink>とともにWinbind。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9774
msgid "\"Why GNU su does not support the wheel group\""
msgstr "「どうしてGNUのsuはwheelグループをサポートしないのか」"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9775
msgid "This is the famous phrase at the bottom of the old \"<literal>info su</literal>\" page by Richard M. Stallman.  Not to worry: the current <literal>su</literal> command in Debian uses PAM, so that one can restrict the ability to use <literal>su</literal> to the <literal>root</literal> group by enabling the line with \"<literal>pam_wheel.so</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>\"."
msgstr "これはRichard M. Stallmanが書いた昔の\"<literal>info su</literal>\"の最後に書かれていた有名な文言です。ご心配は無用です。現在Debianにある<literal>su</literal>はPAMを使っているので\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>\"の中の\"<literal>pam_wheel.so</literal>\"の行をエネーブルすることで<literal>su</literal>を使えるのを<literal>root</literal>グループに限定できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9778
msgid "Stricter password rule"
msgstr "パスワード規則強化"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9779
msgid "Installing the <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> package will enable you to force stricter password rule, for example, by having active lines in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\" as:"
msgstr "<literal>libpam-cracklib</literal>パッケージをインストールすると、例えば\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\"に次のような行があれば、パスワード規則を強化できます:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9780
msgid "For <literal>lenny</literal>:"
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>の場合:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9781
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password required pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9783
msgid "For <literal>squeeze</literal>:"
msgstr "<literal>squeeze</literal>の場合:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9784
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5\n"
"password requisite pam_deny.so\n"
"password required pam_permit.so"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9791
msgid "Other access controls"
msgstr "他のアクセスコントロール"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9793
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq\"/> for restricting the kernel <ulink url=\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">secure attention key (SAK)</ulink> feature."
msgstr "カーネルの<ulink url=\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">セキューアーアテンションキー(SAK)</ulink>機能の制限は<xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq\"/>を参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9796
msgid "sudo"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9797
msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>(8) is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root privileges to users and log root activity. <literal>sudo</literal> requires only an ordinary user's password.  Install <literal>sudo</literal> package and activate it by setting options in \"<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>\".  See configuration example at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/sudoers</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>はシステム管理者がユーザに制限付きのroot権限を与え、そのroot活動を記録するように設計されたプログラムです。<literal>sudo</literal>はユーザの通常パスワードだけが必要です。<literal>sudo</literal>パッケージをインストールし、\"<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>\"の中のオプションを設定することによりアクティベートしてください。\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/sudoers</literal>のコンフィギュレーション例を参照ください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9798
msgid "My usage of <literal>sudo</literal> for the single user system (see <xref linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>) is aimed to protect myself from my own stupidity. Personally, I consider using <literal>sudo</literal> a better alternative to using the system from the root account all the time.  For example, following will change the owner of \"<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</literal>\" to \"<literal>&lt;my_name&gt;</literal>\":"
msgstr "単一ユーザシステムにおける私の<literal>sudo</literal>の使い方(see<xref linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>)は自分自身の失敗からの防衛を目指しています。<literal>sudo</literal>を使うことは、常にrootアカウントからシステムを使うよりは良い方法だと個人的には考えます。例えば、次は\"<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</literal>\"の所有者を\"<literal>&lt;my_name&gt;</literal>\"に変更します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9799
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo chown &lt;my_name&gt; &lt;some_file&gt;"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9800
msgid "Of course if you know the root password (as self-installed Debian users do), any command can be run under root from any user's account using \"<literal>su -c</literal>\"."
msgstr "rootのパスワード(自分でシステムインストールをしたDebianユーザなら当然知っています)を知っていれば、どのユーザアカウントからいかなるコマンドも\"<literal>su -c</literal>\"とすればrootもとで実行できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9803
msgid "SELinux"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9804
msgid "<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux)</ulink> is a framework to tighten privilege model tighter than the ordinary Unix-like security model with the <ulink url=\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">mandatory access control (MAC)</ulink> policies.  The root power may be restricted under some conditions."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">セキュリティ強化したLinux(SELinux)</ulink>は<ulink url=\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">強制アクセス制御(MAC)</ulink>ポリシーのある通常のUnix的な権限モデルより厳格な枠組みです。ある条件下ではrootの権限すら制限を受けます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9807
msgid "Restricting access to some server services"
msgstr "サーバーのサービスへのアクセスの制限"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9808
msgid "The Internet <emphasis>super-server</emphasis>, <literal>inetd</literal>(8), is started at boot time by \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2), which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".  Essentially, <literal>inetd</literal> allows one running daemon to invoke several others, reducing load on the system."
msgstr "インターネット<emphasis>スーパーサーバー</emphasis><literal>inetd</literal>は、(RUNLEVEL=2の場合)\"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\"にシムリンクされた\"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\"によってブート時に起動されます。RUNLEVEL=2)。基本的に、<literal>inetd</literal>は一つの実行デーモンによりいくつかの他のデーモンを起動できるようにすることで、システムのロードを下げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9809
msgid "Whenever a request for service arrives, its protocol and service are identified by looking them up in the databases in \"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\".  <literal>inetd</literal> then looks up a normal Internet service in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\", or a <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> based service in \"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"."
msgstr "サービス要求が到達する度に、そのプロトコルとサービスが\"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\"と\"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\"というデータベースを照覧することで確認されます。さらに<literal>inetd</literal>は、\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"の中にある通常のインターネットサービスか、\"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"の中にある<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>準拠サービスを照覧します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9810
msgid "For system security, make sure to disable unused services in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> services need to be active for NFS and other RPC based programs."
msgstr "システムのセキュリティのために\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"にある不使用のサービスは確実にディスエーブルしましょう。NFS他のRPCを使うプログラムためには<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>サービスはアクティブにする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9811
msgid "Sometimes, <literal>inetd</literal> does not start the intended server directly but starts the <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink> program, <literal>tcpd</literal>(8), with the intended server name as its argument in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  In this case, <literal>tcpd</literal> runs the appropriate server program after logging the request and doing some additional checks using \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"."
msgstr "時々、<literal>inetd</literal>が対象となるサーバーを直接起動せずに、対象となるサーバー名を\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"中に引数とし記載した<ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCPデーモンラッパー</ulink>プログラム<literal>tcpd</literal>(8)を起動することがあります。この様な場合には、<literal>tcpd</literal>は要求を記録し\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"や\"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"を用いた追加確認後で適切なサーバープログラムを起動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9812
msgid "If you have problems with remote access in a recent Debian system, comment out \"<literal>ALL: PARANOID</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" if it exists."
msgstr "もし最近のDebianシステムでリモートアクセスで問題があった場合には、\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"中に\"<literal>ALL:PARANOID</literal>\"という文言があるならコメントアウトしましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9814
msgid "For more information on <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>, see <literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8), <literal>portmap</literal>(8), and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>に関してさらに詳しいことは、<literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8)と<literal>portmap</literal>(8)と\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"を参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9815
msgid "There are also non-PAM based access control available for <literal>atd</literal>(8) and <literal>cron</literal>(8)."
msgstr "<literal>atd</literal>(8)と<literal>cron</literal>(8)に関しては、PAM以外のアクセスコントロールがある。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9819
msgid "Security of authentication"
msgstr "認証のセキュリティ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9820
msgid "The information here may not be sufficient for your security needs but it should be a good start."
msgstr "ここに書かれている情報はあなたのセキュリティのニーズに充分ではないかもしれませんが、良いスタートです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9822
msgid "Secure password over the Internet"
msgstr "インターネット経由のセキュアなパスワード"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9823
msgid "Many popular transportation layer services communicate messages including password authentication in the plain text. It is very bad idea to transmit password in the plain text over the wild Internet where it can be intercepted.  You can run these services over \"<ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">Transport Layer Security</ulink>\" (TLS) or its predecessor, \"Secure Sockets Layer\" (SSL) to secure entire communication including password by the encryption."
msgstr "多くのトランスポーテーションレイヤーサービスはパスワード認証も含めて暗号化せずにメッセージを通信します。途中で傍受されかねないインターネットの荒野を経由して暗号化せずパスワードを送ることは非常によくない考えです。これらに関しては、\"<ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">トランスポーテーションレイヤーセキュリティ</ulink>\"(TLS)もしくはその前身の\"セキュアソケットレイヤー\"(SSL)で暗号化することでパスワードを含むすべての通信をセキュアにしてサービスができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9825
msgid "List of insecure and secure services and ports."
msgstr "インセキュアとセキュアな、サービスやポートのリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9834
msgid "insecure service name"
msgstr "インセキュアなサービス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9837
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9843
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14669
msgid "port"
msgstr "ポート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9840
msgid "secure service name"
msgstr "セキュアなサービス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9850
msgid "www (http)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9853
msgid "80"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9856
msgid "https"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9859
msgid "443"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9864
msgid "smtp (mail)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9867
msgid "25"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9870
msgid "ssmtp (smtps)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9873
msgid "465"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9878
msgid "ftp-data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9881
msgid "20"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9884
msgid "ftps-data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9887
msgid "989"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9892
msgid "ftp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9895
msgid "21"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9898
msgid "ftps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9906
msgid "telnet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9909
msgid "23"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9912
msgid "telnets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9915
msgid "992"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9920
msgid "imap2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9923
msgid "143"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9926
msgid "imaps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9929
msgid "993"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9934
msgid "pop3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9937
msgid "110"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9940
msgid "pop3s"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9943
msgid "995"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9948
msgid "ldap"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9951
msgid "389"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9954
msgid "ldaps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9957
msgid "636"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9963
msgid "The encryption costs CPU time.  As a CPU friendly alternative, you can keep communication in plain text while securing just password with the secure authentication protocol such as \"Authenticated Post Office Protocol\" (APOP) for POP and \"Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism MD5\" (CRAM-MD5) for SMTP and IMAP.  (For sending mail messages over the Internet to your mail server from your mail client, it is recently popular to use new message submission port 587 instead of traditional SMTP port 25 to avoid port 25 blocking by the network provider while authenticating yourself with CRAM-MD5.)"
msgstr "暗号化にはCPUタイムがかかります。CPUに友好的な代替方法として、POPには\"パスワードを認証されたポストオフィスプロトコル\"(APOP)やSMTPやIMAPには\"チャレンジレスポンス認証メカニズムMD5\"(CRAM-MD5)といったセキュアな認証プロトコルでパスワードのみを保護しつつ通信は暗号化無しですることもできます。(最近メールクライアントからメールサーバーにインターネット経由でメールメッセージを送る際には、CRAM-MD5で認証をしたのちネットワークプロバイダーによるポート25ブロッキングを避けて従来のSMTPポート25の代わりにメッセージサブミッションポート587を使うことがよく行われます。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9966
msgid "Secure Shell"
msgstr "セキュアシェル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9967
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> program provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network with the secure authentication. It consists of the <ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> client, <literal>ssh</literal>(1), and the <ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> daemon, <literal>sshd</literal>(8).  This SSH can be used to tunnel the insecure protocol communication such as POP and X securely over the Internet with the port forwarding feature."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">セキュアシェル(SSH)</ulink>プログラムはセキュアな認証とともにインセキュアなネットワークを通過したお互いに信頼し合っていないホスト間のセキュアで暗号化された通信を可能にします。<ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink>クライアント<literal>ssh</literal>(1)と<ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink>デーモン<literal>sshd</literal>(8)から成り立っています。SSHはポートフォーワーディング機能を使いPOPやXのようなインセキュアプロトコルの通信をインターネット経由でトンネルするのに使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9968
msgid "The client tries to authenticate itself using host-based authentication, public key authentication, challenge-response authentication, or password authentication.  The use of public key authentication enables the remote password-less login. See <xref linkend=\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utility_ssh\"/>."
msgstr "クライアントは、ホストベースド認証、公開鍵認証、チャレンジレスポンス認証、パスワード認証を使って認証をとろうとします。公開鍵認証を利用すると、リモートからのパスワード無しログインができるようになります。<xref linkend=\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utility_ssh\"/>参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9971
msgid "Extra security measures for the Internet"
msgstr "インターネットのためのセキュリティ強化策"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9972
msgid "Even when you run secure services such as <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">Point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP)</ulink> servers, there are still chances for the break-ins using brute force password guessing attack etc. from the Internet.  Use of the firewall policy (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>) together with the following secure tools may improve the security situation."
msgstr "たとえ、<ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">セキュアシェル (SSH)</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">ポイントツーポイントトンネリングプロトコル(PPTP)</ulink>サーバーのようなセキュアサービスを走らせる場合でも、ブルートフォースのパスワード推測等による侵入の可能性は残っています。次のようなセキュリティのためのツールとともに、ファイアーウォールポリシー(<xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>参照)を使うのはセキュリティ状況を向上させ得る。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9974
msgid "List of tools to provide extra security measures."
msgstr "セキュリティ強化策のためのツール表"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9998
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/knockd\"> <literal>knockd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10001
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/knockd\">&pop-knockd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10002
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/knockd.html\">&size-knockd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10004
msgid "small port-knock daemon <literal>knocked</literal>(1) and client <literal>konck</literal>(1)"
msgstr "小さなポートノックのデーモン<literal>knocked</literal>(1)とクライアント<literal>konck</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10008
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/denyhosts\"> <literal>denyhosts</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10011
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/denyhosts\">&pop-denyhosts;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10012
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/denyhosts.html\">&size-denyhosts;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10014
msgid "an utility to help sysadmins thwart ssh hackers"
msgstr "sshからの侵入者をシステム管理者が排除することを助けるユーティリティ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10018
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18444
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/fail2ban\"> <literal>fail2ban</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10021
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18447
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/fail2ban\">&pop-failcban;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10022
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18448
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/f/fail2ban.html\">&size-failcban;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10024
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18450
msgid "bans IPs that cause multiple authentication errors"
msgstr "複数回の認証エラーを発生させるIPを使用禁止とする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10028
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-shield\"> <literal>libpam-shield</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10031
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-shield\">&pop-libpamshield;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10032
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-shield.html\">&size-libpamshield;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10034
msgid "locks out remote attackers trying password guessing"
msgstr "パスワード推測によるリモートからの攻撃者を締め出す"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10042
msgid "Securing the root password"
msgstr "rootパスワードのセキュリティ確保"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10043
msgid "To prevent people to access your machine with root privilege, you need to:"
msgstr "あなたの機器に他人がroot権限を持ってアクセスするのを阻止するには、次が必要です:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10047
msgid "prevent physical access to the hard disk."
msgstr "ハードディスクへの物理的アクセスを阻止します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10052
msgid "lock BIOS and prevent booting from the removable media."
msgstr "BIOSに鍵を書け、リムーバブルメディアからの起動を阻止します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10057
msgid "set password for GRUB interactive session."
msgstr "GRUBのインタラクティブセッションのパスワードを設定します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10062
msgid "lock GRUB menu from editing."
msgstr "GRUBのメニュー項目編集に鍵をかけます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10066
msgid "With physical access to hard disk, resetting the password is relatively easy;"
msgstr "ハードディスクへの物理的アクセスがあれば、パスワードをリセットすることは比較的簡単です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10070
msgid "move the hard disk to a PC with CD bootable BIOS."
msgstr "ハードディスクをCDから起動可能なBIOSのついたPCに移動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10075
msgid "boot system with a rescue media (Debian boot disk, Knopix CD, GRUB CD, …)."
msgstr "レスキューメディア(Debianブートディスク、Knopix CD、GRUB CD、...)でシステムを起動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10080
msgid "mount root partition with read-write access."
msgstr "rootパーティションを読み書きアクセスでマウントします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10085
msgid "edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" in the root partition and make the second entry for the <literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr "rootパーティションの\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"を編集し、<literal>root</literal>アカウントの2番目の項目を空にします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10089
msgid "If you have the edit access to the GRUB menu entry (see <xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) for <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> at the boot time, it is even easier:"
msgstr "<literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal>の起動時にGRUBのメニュー項目を編集できる(<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>参照)のならもっと簡単です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10093
msgid "boot system with the kernel parameter changed to something like \"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw init=/bin/sh</literal>\"."
msgstr "カーネルパラメータを\"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw init=/bin/sh</literal>\"のような感じに変更してシステムを起動。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10098
msgid "edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" and make the second entry for the <literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"を編集し、<literal>root</literal>アカウントの2番目の項目を空にします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10103
msgid "reboot system."
msgstr "システム再起動。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10107
msgid "The root shell of the system is now accessible without password."
msgstr "システムのrootシェルにパスワード無しに入ることが出きるようになりました。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10109
msgid "Once you have root shell access, you can compromise password for all user accounts using brute force password cracking tools such as <literal>john</literal> and <literal>crack</literal> packages (see <xref linkend=\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>)."
msgstr "rootシェルにアクセスさえできれば、<literal>john</literal>とか<literal>crack</literal>パッケージ(<xref linkend=\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>参照)のようなブルートフォースのパスワードクラッキングツールを使ってすべてのユーザアカウントのパスワードを破る事ができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10111
msgid "The only reasonable software solution to avoid all these concerns is to use software encrypted root partition (or \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" partition) using <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> and initramfs (see <xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/>).  You always need password to boot the system, though."
msgstr "この様な懸念を回避できる唯一の合理的なソフトウエア的解決法は、<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>とinitramfs(<xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/>参照)をつかう、ソフトウエア暗号化されたrootパーティション(もしくは\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" パーティション)を使うことです。でも、パスワードをシステム起動毎に必要になってしまいます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10116
msgid "Network setup"
msgstr "ネットワークの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10117
msgid "This section will address <ulink url=\"&tcpipnetwork;\">TCP/IP network</ulink> setup for the mobile PC which moves around different networks. (For the non-mobile PC, the debian-installer should have taken care your network setup and there are almost nothing for us to play with.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10118
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">You should install the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package for the mobile PC.</emphasis> This package provides framework to solve conflicts of the host address resolution between different network configuration scripts when network configuration changes.  Read more on \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/resolvconf/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10119
msgid "For the fixed location server machine, you can do without the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package and keep your system simple."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10120
msgid "In this document, we focus on Debian-specific issues. For a general guide to GNU/Linux networking, read the <ulink url=\"&linuxnetworkadministratorsguide;\">Linux Network Administrators Guide</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10122
msgid "The basic network infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10123
msgid "Let's review the basic network infrastructure of the modern Debian system."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10125
msgid "The domain name"
msgstr "ドメイン名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10126
msgid "The naming for the domain name is a tricky one for the normal workstation PC users.  The PC workstation may be mobile one hopping around the network or located behind the NAT firewall inaccessible from the Internet. For such case, you may not want the domain name to be a valid domain name to avoid name collision."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10127
msgid "According to <ulink url=\"&rfccgag;\">rfc2606</ulink>, \"<literal>invalid</literal>\" seems to be a choice for the <ulink url=\"&topleveldomaintld;\">top level domain (TLD)</ulink> to construct domain names that are sure to be invalid from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10128
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&mdns;\">mDNS</ulink> network discovery protocol (<ulink url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>, Avahi on Debian) uses <ulink url=\"&local;\">\"local\"</ulink> as the <ulink url=\"&pseudotopleveldomain;\">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink>.  <ulink url=\"&microsoftalsoseelocalareanetwork;\">Microsoft also seems to promote \"local\" for the TLD of local area network</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10129
msgid "Other popular choices for the invalid TLD seem to be \"<literal>localdomain</literal>\", \"<literal>lan</literal>\", \"<literal>localnet</literal>\", or \"<literal>home</literal>\" according to my incoming mail analysis."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10132
msgid "The hostname resolution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10133
msgid "The hostname resolution is currently supported by the <ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism too.  The flow of this resolution is:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10137
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file with stanza like \"<literal>hosts: files dns</literal>\" dictates the hostname resolution order. (This replaces the old functionality of the \"<literal>order</literal>\" stanza in \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10142
msgid "The <literal>files</literal> method is invoked first.  If the hostname is found in the \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file, it returns all valid addresses for it and exits. (The \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\" file contains \"<literal>multi on</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10147
msgid "The <literal>dns</literal> method is invoked.  If the hostname is found by the query to the <ulink url=\"&internetdomainnamesystemdns;\">Internet Domain Name System (DNS)</ulink> identified by the \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" file, it returns all valid addresses for it and exits."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10151
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file <ulink url=\"&associatesipaddrseswithhostnames;\">associates IP addresses with hostnames</ulink>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10152
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"127.0.0.1 localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 &lt;host_name&gt;.&lt;domain_name&gt; &lt;host_name&gt;\n"
"\n"
"# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
"::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
"ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
"ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
"ff02::3 ip6-allhosts"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10162
msgid "Here the &lt;host_name&gt; in this matches the own hostname defined in the \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  The &lt;domain_name&gt; in this is the <ulink url=\"&fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn;\">fully qualified domain name (FQDN)</ulink> of this host."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10164
msgid "I sometimes use bogus domain name for &lt;domain_name&gt;, such as \"<literal>invalid</literal>\" in this configuration for the mobile PC."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10166
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is a static file if the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed.  If installed, it is a symbolic link.  Either way, it contains information that initialize the resolver routines. If the DNS is found at IP=\"<literal>192.168.11.1</literal>\", it contains:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10167
#, no-wrap
msgid "nameserver 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10168
msgid "The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package makes this \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" into a symbolic link and manages its contents by the hook scripts automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10169
msgid "The hostname resolution via Multicast DNS (using <ulink url=\"&zeroconf;\">Zeroconf</ulink>, aka <ulink url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>) which effectively allows name resolution by common Unix/Linux programs in the ad-hoc mDNS domain \"<literal>local</literal>\", can be provided by installing the <literal>libnss-mdns</literal> package.  The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file should have stanza like \"<literal>hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4</literal>\" to enable this functionality."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10172
msgid "The network interface name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10173
msgid "The network interface name, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, is assigned to each hardware in the Linux kernel through the user space configuration mechanism, <literal>udev</literal> (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>), as it is found.  The network interface name is referred as <emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> in <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>interfaces</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10174
msgid "In order to ensure each network interface to be named persistently for each reboot using <ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> etc., there is a record file \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\".  This file is automatically generated by the \"<literal>/lib/udev/write_net_rules</literal>\" program, probably run by the \"<literal>persistent-net-generator.rules</literal>\" rules file. You can modify it to change naming rule."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10176
msgid "When editing the \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\" rules file, you must keep each rule on a single line and the <ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> in lowercase. For example, if you find \"Firewire device\" and \"PCI device\" in this file, you probably want to name \"PCI device\" as <literal>eth0</literal> and configure it as the primary network interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10180
msgid "The network address range for the LAN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10181
msgid "Let us be reminded of the IPv4 32 bit address ranges in each class reserved for use on the <ulink url=\"&localareanetworkslans;\">local area networks (LANs)</ulink> by <ulink url=\"&rfcbjbi;\">rfc1918</ulink>.  These addresses are guaranteed not to conflict with any addresses on the Internet proper."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10183
msgid "List of network address ranges."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10193
msgid "Class"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10196
msgid "network addresses"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10199
msgid "net mask"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10202
msgid "net mask /bits"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10205
msgid "# of subnets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10212
msgid "A"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10215
msgid "10.x.x.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10218
msgid "255.0.0.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10221
msgid "/8"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10229
msgid "B"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10232
msgid "172.16.x.x — 172.31.x.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10235
msgid "255.255.0.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10238
msgid "/16"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10241
msgid "16"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10246
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30158
msgid "C"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10249
msgid "192.168.0.x — 192.168.255.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10252
msgid "255.255.255.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10255
msgid "/24"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10258
msgid "256"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10265
msgid "If one of these addresses is assigned to a host, then that host must not access the Internet directly but must access it through a gateway that acts as a proxy for individual services or else does <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">Network Address Translation(NAT)</ulink>.  The broadband router usually performs NAT for the consumer LAN environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10269
msgid "The network configuration infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10270
msgid "There are 2 types of low level networking programs for Linux networking system (see <xref linkend=\"_iproute2_commands\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10274
msgid "Old <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> programs (<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8), …) are from the Linux NET-3 networking system. Most of these are obsolete now."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10279
msgid "New <ulink url=\"&linuxiproutec;\">Linux iproute2</ulink> programs (<literal>ip</literal>(8), …) are the current Linux networking system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10283
msgid "Although these low level networking programs are powerful, they are cumbersome to use.  So higher level onfiguration systems have been created."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10284
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package and its associated packages are the de facto standard for the Debian networking system.  It enables you to bring up network simply by doing , e.g., \"<literal>ifup eth0</literal>\".  Its configuration file is the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" (<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>) file and its typical contents are:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10285
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12337
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"auto eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10290
msgid "In order to support easy reconfiguration of network address resolution, the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package was created.  Most debian network configuration systems are now modified to be supported by the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10291
msgid "In order to adjust to dynamically changing network environments for mobile desktop users on laptops, extension mechanisms to the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package were created."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10295
msgid "helper script to <literal>ifupdown</literal>: <literal>ifplugd</literal>, <literal>guessnet</literal>, <literal>ifscheme</literal>, …"
msgstr "<literal>ifupdown</literal>のヘルパースクリプト: <literal>ifplugd</literal>、<literal>guessnet</literal>、<literal>ifscheme</literal>、…"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10300
msgid "alternative system to <literal>ifupdown</literal>: <literal>network-manager</literal>, <literal>wicd</literal>, …"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10304
msgid "In order for these network configuration tools to function as a alternative to <literal>ifupdown</literal> for a certain interface, you may need to disable the corresponding network interface configuration in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10306
msgid "List of network configuration tools."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10316
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12655
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12953
msgid "packages"
msgstr "パッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10334
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifupdown\"> <literal>ifupdown</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10337
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown\">&pop-ifupdown;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown\">&pop-ifupdown;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10338
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifupdown.html\">&size-ifupdown;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10340
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&ifupdown;\">ifupdown</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&ifupdown;\">ifupdown</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10343
msgid "Standardized level to bring up and down the network (Debian specific)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10347
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifplugd\"> <literal>ifplugd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10350
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifplugd\">&pop-ifplugd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10351
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifplugd.html\">&size-ifplugd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10356
msgid "Manage the wired network automatically"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10360
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifupdown-extra\"> <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10363
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown-extra\">&pop-ifupdownextra;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown-extra\">&pop-ifupdownextra;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10364
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifupdown-extra.html\">&size-ifupdownextra;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10369
msgid "Network testing script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10373
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifmetric\"> <literal>ifmetric</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10376
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifmetric\">&pop-ifmetric;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10377
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifmetric.html\">&size-ifmetric;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10382
msgid "Set routing metrics for a network interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10386
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/guessnet\"> <literal>guessnet</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10389
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/guessnet\">&pop-guessnet;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10390
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/guessnet.html\">&size-guessnet;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10395
msgid "Mapping script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package via <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10399
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifscheme\"> <literal>ifscheme</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10402
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifscheme\">&pop-ifscheme;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10403
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifscheme.html\">&size-ifscheme;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10408
msgid "Mapping scripts to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10412
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifupdown-scripts-zg2\"> <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10415
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown-scripts-zg2\">&pop-ifupdownscriptszgc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10416
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifupdown-scripts-zg2.html\">&size-ifupdownscriptszgc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10421
msgid "Zugschlus' interface scripts for ifupdown's manual method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10425
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/network-manager\"> <literal>network-manager</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10428
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager\">&pop-networkmanager;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager\">&pop-networkmanager;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10429
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager.html\">&size-networkmanager;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager.html\">&size-networkmanager;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10431
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10434
msgid "NetworkManager (daemon): Manage the network automatically"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10438
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/network-manager-gnome\"> <literal>network-manager-gnome</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10441
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-gnome\">&pop-networkmanagergnome;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-gnome\">&pop-networkmanagergnome;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10442
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager-gnome.html\">&size-networkmanagergnome;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10447
msgid "NetworkManager (GNOME frontend)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10451
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/network-manager-kde\"> <literal>network-manager-kde</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10454
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-kde\">&pop-networkmanagerkde;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-kde\">&pop-networkmanagerkde;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10455
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager-kde.html\">&size-networkmanagerkde;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10460
msgid "NetworkManager (KDE frontend)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10464
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wicd\"> <literal>wicd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10467
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wicd\">&pop-wicd;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wicd\">&pop-wicd;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10468
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wicd.html\">&size-wicd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10470
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&wicd;\">wicd</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&wicd;\">wicd</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10473
msgid "Wired and wireless network manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10477
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12968
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iptables\"> <literal>iptables</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10480
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12971
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iptables\">&pop-iptables;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iptables\">&pop-iptables;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10481
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12972
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iptables.html\">&size-iptables;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10483
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10486
msgid "Administration tools for packet filtering and NAT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10490
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iproute\"> <literal>iproute</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10493
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iproute\">&pop-iproute;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iproute\">&pop-iproute;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10494
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iproute.html\">&size-iproute;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10496
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10499
msgid "IPv6 and other advanced network configuration: <literal>ip</literal>(8), <literal>tc</literal>(8), etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10503
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifrename\"> <literal>ifrename</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10506
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifrename\">&pop-ifrename;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10507
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifrename.html\">&size-ifrename;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10512
msgid "Rename network interfaces based on various static criteria: <literal>ifrename</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10516
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ethtool\"> <literal>ethtool</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10519
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ethtool\">&pop-ethtool;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ethtool\">&pop-ethtool;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10520
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/ethtool.html\">&size-ethtool;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10525
msgid "Display or change Ethernet device settings:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10529
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iputils-ping\"> <literal>iputils-ping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10532
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iputils-ping\">&pop-iputilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10533
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iputils-ping.html\">&size-iputilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10535
msgid "test::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"
msgstr "test::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10538
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10542
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iputils-arping\"> <literal>iputils-arping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10545
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iputils-arping\">&pop-iputilsarping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10546
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iputils-arping.html\">&size-iputilsarping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10551
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10555
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iputils-tracepath\"> <literal>iputils-tracepath</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10558
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iputils-tracepath\">&pop-iputilstracepath;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10559
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iputils-tracepath.html\">&size-iputilstracepath;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10564
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10568
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/net-tools\"> <literal>net-tools</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10571
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/net-tools\">&pop-nettools;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/net-tools\">&pop-nettools;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10572
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/net-tools.html\">&size-nettools;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10574
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10577
msgid "The NET-3 networking toolkit (IPv4 network configuration): <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10581
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/inetutils-ping\"> <literal>inetutils-ping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10584
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/inetutils-ping\">&pop-inetutilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10585
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/inetutils-ping.html\">&size-inetutilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10587
msgid "test::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"
msgstr "test::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10590
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink> (legacy, GNU)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10594
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/arping\"> <literal>arping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10597
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/arping\">&pop-arping;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/arping\">&pop-arping;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10598
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/arping.html\">&size-arping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10603
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address (legacy)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10607
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/traceroute\"> <literal>traceroute</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10610
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/traceroute\">&pop-traceroute;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10611
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/traceroute.html\">&size-traceroute;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10616
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host (legacy, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10620
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15705
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dhcp3-client\"> <literal>dhcp3-client</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10623
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15708
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dhcp3-client\">&pop-dhcpdclient;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10624
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15709
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dhcp3-client.html\">&size-dhcpdclient;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10626
msgid "config::low-level"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10629
msgid "DHCP client"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10633
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wpasupplicant\"> <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10636
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wpasupplicant\">&pop-wpasupplicant;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10637
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wpasupplicant.html\">&size-wpasupplicant;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10642
msgid "Client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10646
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wireless-tools\"> <literal>wireless-tools</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10649
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wireless-tools\">&pop-wirelesstools;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10650
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wireless-tools.html\">&size-wirelesstools;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10655
msgid "Tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10659
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ppp\"> <literal>ppp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10662
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ppp\">&pop-ppp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ppp\">&pop-ppp;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10663
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/ppp.html\">&size-ppp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10668
msgid "PPP/PPPoE connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10672
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pppoeconf\"> <literal>pppoeconf</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10675
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pppoeconf\">&pop-pppoeconf;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10676
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pppoeconf.html\">&size-pppoeconf;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10678
msgid "config::helper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10681
msgid "Configuration helper for PPPoE connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10685
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pppconfig\"> <literal>pppconfig</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10688
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pppconfig\">&pop-pppconfig;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10689
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pppconfig.html\">&size-pppconfig;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10694
msgid "Configuration helper for plain PPP connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10698
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wvdial\"> <literal>wvdial</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10701
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wvdial\">&pop-wvdial;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wvdial\">&pop-wvdial;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10702
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wvdial.html\">&size-wvdial;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10707
msgid "PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</literal> with <literal>ppp</literal>, configuration helper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10711
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mtr-tiny\"> <literal>mtr-tiny</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10714
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mtr-tiny\">&pop-mtrtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10715
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mtr-tiny.html\">&size-mtrtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10717
msgid "test::low-level"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10720
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host (curses)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10724
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mtr\"> <literal>mtr</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10727
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mtr\">&pop-mtr;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mtr\">&pop-mtr;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10728
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mtr.html\">&size-mtr;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10733
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host (curses and GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10737
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome-nettool\"> <literal>gnome-nettool</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10740
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnome-nettool\">&pop-gnomenettool;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10741
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gnome-nettool.html\">&size-gnomenettool;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10746
msgid "Tools for common network information operations (GNOME)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10750
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nmap\"> <literal>nmap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10753
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nmap\">&pop-nmap;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nmap\">&pop-nmap;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10754
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nmap.html\">&size-nmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10759
msgid "Network mapper / port scanner (<ulink url=\"&nmap;\">Nmap</ulink>, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10763
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/zenmap\"> <literal>zenmap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10766
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zenmap\">&pop-zenmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10767
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/z/zenmap.html\">&size-zenmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10772
msgid "Network mapper / port scanner (GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10776
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/knmap\"> <literal>knmap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10779
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/knmap\">&pop-knmap;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/knmap\">&pop-knmap;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10780
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/knmap.html\">&size-knmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10785
msgid "Network mapper / port scanner (KDE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10789
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcpdump\"> <literal>tcpdump</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10792
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcpdump\">&pop-tcpdump;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10793
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcpdump.html\">&size-tcpdump;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10798
msgid "Network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&tcpdump;\">Tcpdump</ulink>, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10802
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wireshark\"> <literal>wireshark</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10805
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wireshark\">&pop-wireshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10806
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wireshark.html\">&size-wireshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10811
msgid "Network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&wireshark;\">Wireshark</ulink>, GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10815
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tshark\"> <literal>tshark</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10818
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tshark\">&pop-tshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10819
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tshark.html\">&size-tshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10824
msgid "Network traffic analyzer (console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10828
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nagios3\"> <literal>nagios3</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10831
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nagios3\">&pop-nagiosd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10832
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nagios3.html\">&size-nagiosd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10837
msgid "Monitoring and management system for hosts, services and networks (<ulink url=\"&nagios;\">Nagios</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10841
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcptrace\"> <literal>tcptrace</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10844
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcptrace\">&pop-tcptrace;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcptrace\">&pop-tcptrace;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10845
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcptrace.html\">&size-tcptrace;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10850
msgid "Tool to produce a summarization of the connections from <literal>tcpdump</literal> output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10854
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/snort\"> <literal>snort</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10857
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/snort\">&pop-snort;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/snort\">&pop-snort;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10858
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/snort.html\">&size-snort;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10863
msgid "Flexible network intrusion detection system (<ulink url=\"&snort;\">Snort</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10867
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ntop\"> <literal>ntop</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10870
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ntop\">&pop-ntop;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ntop\">&pop-ntop;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10871
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/ntop.html\">&size-ntop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10876
msgid "Display network usage in web browser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10880
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15679
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dnsutils\"> <literal>dnsutils</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10883
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15682
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dnsutils\">&pop-dnsutils;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10884
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15683
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dnsutils.html\">&size-dnsutils;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10889
msgid "Network clients provided with <ulink url=\"&bind;\">BIND</ulink>: <literal>nslookup</literal>(8), <literal>nsupdate</literal>(8), <literal>dig</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10893
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dlint\"> <literal>dlint</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10896
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dlint\">&pop-dlint;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dlint\">&pop-dlint;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10897
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dlint.html\">&size-dlint;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10902
msgid "Checks <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> zone information using nameserver lookups"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10906
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dnstracer\"> <literal>dnstracer</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10909
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dnstracer\">&pop-dnstracer;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dnstracer\">&pop-dnstracer;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10910
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dnstracer.html\">&size-dnstracer;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10915
msgid "Tool to trace a chain of <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> servers to the source"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10923
msgid "The network device support"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10924
msgid "Although most hardware devices are supported by the Debian system, there are some network devices which require <ulink url=\"&dsfg;\">DSFG</ulink> non-free external hardware drivers to support them.  Please see <xref linkend=\"_non_free_hardware_drivers\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10928
msgid "The network connection method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10930
msgid "The connection test method described in this section are meant for testing purposes.  It is not meant to be used directly for the daily network connection.  You are advised to use them via the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10932
msgid "The typical network connection method and connection path for a PC can be summarized as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10934
msgid "List of network connection types and connection paths."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10942
msgid "PC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10945
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10999
msgid "connection method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10948
msgid "connection path"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10955
msgid "Serial port (<literal>ppp0</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10958
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11012
msgid "PPP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10961
msgid "&lt;⇒ <ulink url=\"&modem;\">modem</ulink> &lt;⇒ POTS &lt;⇒ dial-up access point &lt;⇒ ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10966
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10977
msgid "Ethernet port (<literal>eth0</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10969
msgid "PPPoE/DHCP/Static"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10972
msgid "&lt;⇒ BB-modem &lt;⇒ BB service &lt;⇒ BB access point &lt;⇒ ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10980
msgid "DHCP/Static"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10983
msgid "&lt;⇒ LAN &lt;⇒ BB-router with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> (&lt;⇒ BB-modem …)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10989
msgid "Here is the summary of configuration script for each connection method:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10991
msgid "List of network connection configurations."
msgstr "ネットワーク接続設定のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11002
msgid "configuration"
msgstr "設定"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11005
msgid "backend package(s)"
msgstr "バックエンドパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11014
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11016
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11020
msgid "PPP (alternative)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11022
msgid "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> to create heuristic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11024
msgid "<literal>ppp</literal>, <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11028
msgid "PPPoE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11030
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11032
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11036
msgid "DHCP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11039
msgid "described in \"<literal>/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11042
msgid "<literal>dhcp3-client</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11047
msgid "static IP (IPv4)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11050
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11061
msgid "described in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>中に記載"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11053
msgid "<literal>net-tools</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11058
msgid "static IP (IPv6)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11064
msgid "<literal>iproute</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11070
msgid "The network connection acronyms mean:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11072
msgid "List of network connection acronyms."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11079
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11656
msgid "acronym"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11089
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11092
msgid "The plain old telephone service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11097
msgid "BB"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11100
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&broadband;\">broadband</ulink>"
msgstr "The <ulink url=\"&broadband;\">ブロードバンド</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11105
msgid "BB-service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11108
msgid "E.g., the digital subscriber line (DSL), the cable TV, or the fiber to the premises (FTTP)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11113
msgid "BB-modem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11116
msgid "E.g., <ulink url=\"&thedslmodem;\">the DSL modem</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&thecablemodem;\">the cable modem</ulink>, or <ulink url=\"&theopticalnetworkterminalont;\">the optical network terminal (ONT)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11121
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11124
msgid "The local area network"
msgstr "ローカルエリアネットワーク"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11129
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11132
msgid "The wide area network"
msgstr "広域ネットワーク"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11137
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15453
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15711
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11140
msgid "The dynamic host configuration protocol"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11145
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11148
msgid "The point-to-point protocol"
msgstr "ポイント間接続プロトコル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11153
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11156
msgid "The point-to-point protocol over Ethernet"
msgstr "Ethernet経由のポイント間接続プロトコル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11161
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11164
msgid "The Internet service provider"
msgstr "インターネットサービス供給者"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11171
msgid "The WAN connection services via cable TV are generally served by DHCP or PPPoE.  The ones by ADSL and FTTP are generally served by PPPoE.  You have to consult your ISP for exact configuration requirements of the WAN connection."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11174
msgid "When BB-router is used to create home LAN environment, PCs on LAN are connected to the WAN via BB-router with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink>.  For such case, PC's network interfaces on the LAN are served by static IP or DHCP from the BB-router.  BB-router must be configured to connect the WAN following the instruction by your ISP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11177
msgid "The DHCP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11178
msgid "The typical modern home and small business network, i.e. LAN, are connected to the WAN(Internet) using some consumer grade broadband router.  The LAN behind this router is usually served by the <ulink url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)</ulink> server running on the router."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11179
msgid "Just install the <literal>dhcp3-client</literal> package for the Ethernet served by the <ulink url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11182
msgid "The static IP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11183
msgid "No special action is needed for the Ethernet served by the static IP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11186
msgid "The PPP connection with pppconfig"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11187
msgid "The configuration script <literal>pppconfig</literal> will configure the <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> connection interactively just by selecting:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11191
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11296
msgid "the telephone number,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11196
msgid "the ISP user name,"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11201
msgid "the ISP password,"
msgstr "ISPのパスワード"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11206
msgid "the port speed,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11211
msgid "the modem communication port, and"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11216
msgid "the authentication method."
msgstr "認証方法"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11220
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11311
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11380
msgid "The configuration files are:"
msgstr "設定ファイルは以下:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11222
msgid "List of configuration files for the <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> connection with pppconfig."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11239
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11242
msgid "The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>pppd</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11247
msgid "<literal>/etc/chatscripts/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11250
msgid "The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>chat</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11255
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11346
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11407
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/options</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11258
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11349
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11410
msgid "The general execution parameter for <literal>pppd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11263
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11354
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11415
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-secret</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11266
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11357
msgid "Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&pap;\">PAP</ulink> (still used)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11271
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11362
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11423
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/chap-secret</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11274
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11365
msgid "Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&chap;\">CHAP</ulink> (more secure)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11281
msgid "The \"&lt;isp_name&gt;\" value of \"provider\" is assumed if <literal>pon</literal> and <literal>poff</literal> commands are invoked without arguments."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11283
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11371
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11432
msgid "You can test configuration using lower level network configuration tools:"
msgstr "下層のネットワーク設定ツールを使って設定の確認ができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11284
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo pon &lt;isp_name&gt;\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11287
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ppp/README.Debian.gz</literal>\" for more information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11290
msgid "The alternative PPP connection with wvdialconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11291
msgid "A different approach to using <literal>pppd</literal>(8) is to run it from <literal>wvdial</literal>(1) which comes in the <literal>wvdial</literal> package.  Instead of <literal>pppd</literal> running <literal>chat</literal>(8) to dial in and negotiate the connection, <literal>wvdial</literal> does the dialing and initial negotiating and then starts <literal>pppd</literal> to do the rest."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11292
msgid "The configuration script <literal>wvdialconf</literal> will configure the PPP connection interactively just by selecting:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11301
msgid "the ISP user name, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11306
msgid "the ISP password.  <literal>wvdial</literal> succeeds in making the connection in most cases and maintains authentication data list automatically."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11313
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPP connection with wvdialconf."
msgstr "wvdialconfでPPP接続する際の設定ファイルリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11330
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11333
msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11338
msgid "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11341
msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11372
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo wvdial\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo killall wvdial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11375
msgid "See <literal>wvdial</literal>(1) and <literal>wvdial.conf</literal>(5) for more information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11378
msgid "The PPPoE connection with pppoeconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11379
msgid "When your ISP serves you with PPPoE connection and you decide to connect your PC directly to the WAN, the network of your PC must be configured with the PPPoE. The PPPoE stand for PPP over Ethernet. The configuration script <literal>pppoeconf</literal> will configure the PPPoE connection interactively."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11382
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPPoE connection with pppoeconf."
msgstr "pppoeconfを用いてPPPoE接続する際の設定ファイルのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11399
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11402
msgid "The <literal>pppoeconf</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>pppoe</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11418
msgid "Authentication data for the PAP (still used)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11426
msgid "Authentication data for the CHAP (more secure)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11433
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
"$ sudo pon dsl-provider\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff dsl-provider\n"
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11438
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/pppoeconf/README.Debian</literal>\" for more information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11442
msgid "The basic network configuration with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11443
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package provides the standardized framework for the high level network configuration in the Debian system. In this section, we learn the basic network configuration with <literal>ifupdown</literal> with simplified introduction and many typical examples."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11445
msgid "The command syntax simplified"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11446
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package contains 2 commands: <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>ifdown</literal>(8).  They offer high level network configuration dictated by the configuration file <emphasis role=\"strong\">/e/n/i</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11448
msgid "List of basic network configuration commands with ifupdown."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11465
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12083
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11468
msgid "To bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" stanza exists."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11473
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12091
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11476
msgid "To bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" stanza exists."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11483
msgid "Do not use low level configuration tools such as <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) and <literal>ip</literal>(8) commands to configure an interface in <emphasis role=\"strong\">up</emphasis> state."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11486
msgid "There is no command <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11491
msgid "The basic syntax of /etc/network/interfaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11492
msgid "The key syntax of \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" (<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> as its acronym in the following text) as explained in <literal>interfaces</literal>(5) can be summarized as:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11494
msgid "List of stanzas in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>の中のスタンザのリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11501
msgid "stanza"
msgstr "スタンザ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11511
msgid "\"<literal>auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11514
msgid "To start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; upon start of the system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11519
msgid "\"<literal>allow-auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11527
msgid "\"<literal>allow-hotplug &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11530
msgid "To start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; when the kernel detects a hotplug event from the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11535
msgid "Lines started with \"<literal>iface &lt;config_name&gt; …</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11538
msgid "To define the network configuration &lt;config_name&gt;."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11543
msgid "Lines started with \"<literal>mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt; </literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11546
msgid "To define mapping value of &lt;config_name&gt; for the matching &lt;interface_name&gt;."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11551
msgid "A line starting with a hash \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11554
msgid "To be ignored as comments. (end-of-line comments are <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> supported)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11559
msgid "A line ending with a backslash \"<literal>\\</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11562
msgid "To extend the configuration to the next line."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11568
msgid "Lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza has the following syntax:"
msgstr "Lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza has the following syntax:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11569
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface &lt;config_name&gt; &lt;address_family&gt; &lt;method_name&gt;\n"
" &lt;option1&gt; &lt;value1&gt;\n"
" &lt;option2&gt; &lt;value2&gt;\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11573
msgid "For the basic configuration, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza is not used and you use the network interface name as the network configuration name. (See <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11576
msgid "The loopback network interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11577
msgid "The following configuration entry in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file brings up the loopback network interface <literal>lo</literal> upon booting the system (via <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11578
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12359
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11580
msgid "This one always exists in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11583
msgid "The network interface served by the DHCP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11584
msgid "After prepairing the system by <xref linkend=\"_the_dhcp_connection_with_the_ethernet\"/>, the network interface served by the DHCP is configured by creating the configuration entry in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11585
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11588
msgid "When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface <literal>eth0</literal>, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause ifup to bring up the interface and the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause <literal>ifup</literal> to use DHCP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11591
msgid "The network interface with the static IP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11592
msgid "The network interface served by the static IP is configured by creating the configuration entry in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file as, e.g.,:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11593
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11601
msgid "When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface <literal>eth0</literal>, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause ifup to bring up the interface and the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause <literal>ifup</literal> to use the static IP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11602
msgid "Here, I assumed:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11606
msgid "IP address range of the LAN network: <literal>192.168.11.0</literal> - <literal>192.168.11.255</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11611
msgid "IP address of the gateway: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11616
msgid "IP address of the PC: <literal>192.168.11.100</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11621
msgid "The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11626
msgid "The domain name as \"<literal>lan</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11631
msgid "The DNS server at: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11635
msgid "When the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed, DNS related configuration needs to be done manually by editing the \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11636
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"nameserver 192.168.11.1\n"
"domain lan"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11639
msgid "The IP addresses used in the above example are not meant to be copied literally.  You have to adjust IP numbers to your actual network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11643
msgid "The basics of wireless LAN interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11644
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&wirelesslanwlanforshort;\">wireless LAN (WLAN for short)</ulink> provides the fast wireless connectivity through the spread-spectrum communication of unlicensed radio bands based on the set of standards called <ulink url=\"&ieeeiacbb;\">IEEE 802.11</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11645
msgid "The WLAN interfaces are almost like normal Ethernet interfaces but require some network ID and encryption key data to be provided when they are initialized.  The higher level network tools are exactly the same as the Ethernet except the interface names are a bit different like <literal>ath0</literal>, <literal>wlan0</literal>, <literal>ath0</literal>, <literal>wifi0</literal>, … depending on the kernel drivers used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11646
msgid "Here are some keywords to remember for the WLAN:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11648
msgid "List of acronyms for WLAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11659
msgid "full word"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11669
msgid "NWID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11672
msgid "Network ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11675
msgid "The 16 bit network ID used by pre-802.11 <ulink url=\"&wavelan;\">WaveLAN</ulink> network. Very much deprecated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11680
msgid "(E)SSID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11683
msgid "(Extended) <ulink url=\"&servicesetidentifier;\">Service Set Identifier</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11686
msgid "The network name of the <ulink url=\"&wirelessaccesspointsaps;\">Wireless Access Points (APs)</ulink> interconnected to form an integrated <ulink url=\"&iacbbwirelesslan;\">802.11 wireless LAN</ulink>.  Domain ID."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11691
msgid "WEP, (WEP2)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11694
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wiredequivalentprivacy;\">Wired Equivalent Privacy</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11697
msgid "The 1st generation 64-bit (128-bit) wireless encryption standard with 40-bit key. Deprecated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11702
msgid "WPA"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11705
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi保護アクセス(Protected Access)</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11708
msgid "The 2nd generation wireless encryption standard (most of 802.11i), compatible with WEP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11713
msgid "WPA2"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11716
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access 2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi保護アクセス(Protected Access)2</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11719
msgid "The 3rd generation wireless encryption standard (full 802.11i), non-compatible with WEP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11725
msgid "The actual choice of protocol is usually limited by the wireless router you deploy."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11728
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WPA/WPA2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11729
msgid "You need to install the <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> package to support the WLAN with the new WPA/WPA2."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11730
msgid "In case of the DHCP served IP on WLAN connection, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry should be:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11731
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug ath0\n"
"iface ath0 inet dhcp\n"
" wpa-ssid homezone\n"
" # hexadecimal psk is encoded from a plaintext passphrase\n"
" wpa-psk 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11736
msgid "See more on \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.modes.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11739
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WEP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11740
msgid "You need to install the <literal>wireless-tools</literal> package to support the WLAN with the old WEP.  (Your consumer grade router may still be using.  Insecure infrastructure but better than nothing.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11742
msgid "Please note that your network traffic on WLAN may be sniffed by others."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11744
msgid "In case of the <ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink> served IP on WLAN connection, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry should be:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11745
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" wireless-essid Home\n"
" wireless-key1 0123-4567-89ab-cdef\n"
" wireless-key2 12345678\n"
" wireless-key3 s:password\n"
" wireless-defaultkey 2\n"
" wireless-keymode open"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11753
msgid "See more on \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wireless-tools/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11756
msgid "The PPP connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11757
msgid "You need to configure the PPP connection first as described before (see <xref linkend=\"_the_ppp_connection_with_pppconfig\"/>).  Then, add the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry for the primary PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11758
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface ppp0 inet ppp\n"
" provider &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11762
msgid "The alternative PPP connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11763
msgid "You need to configure the alternative PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</literal> first as described before (see <xref linkend=\"_the_alternative_ppp_connection_with_wvdialconf\"/>).  Then, add the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry for the primary PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11764
#, no-wrap
msgid "iface ppp0 inet wvdial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11767
msgid "The PPPoE connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11768
msgid "For PC connected directly to the WAN served by the PPPoE, you need to configure system with the PPPoE connection as described before (see <xref linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>).  Then, add the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry for the primary PPPoE device <literal>eth0</literal> as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11769
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11780
msgid "The network configuration state of ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11781
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file stores the <emphasis role=\"strong\">intended</emphasis> network configuration states for all the currently active network interfaces managed by the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package are listed. Unfortunately, even if the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system fails to bring up the interface as intended, the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file lists it active."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11782
msgid "The output of the <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) command without any arguments or with the interface name as its argument provides the <emphasis role=\"strong\">actual</emphasis> network configuration state.  If the interface does not have the second line as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11783
#, no-wrap
msgid "          inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11784
msgid "it can not be used as a part of <ulink url=\"&ipvenetwork;\">IPV4 network</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11786
msgid "For the Ethernet device connected to the PPPoE, the output of the <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) command lacks above line."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11790
msgid "The basic network reconfiguration"
msgstr "基本ネットワーク設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11791
msgid "When you try to reconfigure the interface, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, you must disable it first with the \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command.  This will remove the entry of <literal>eth0</literal> from the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file. (This may result in some error message if <literal>eth0</literal> is not active or it is configured improperly previously.  So far, it seems to be safe to do this for the simple single user work station at any time.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11792
msgid "You are now free to rewrite the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> contents as needed to reconfigure the network interface, <literal>eth0</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11793
msgid "Then, you can reactivate <literal>eth0</literal> with the \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11795
msgid "You can (re)initialize the network interface simply by \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0;sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11799
msgid "The ifupdown-extra package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11800
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package provides the easy network connection test for use with the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11804
msgid "the <literal>network-test</literal>(1) command from the shell, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11809
msgid "the automatic scripts run for each <literal>ifup</literal> command execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11813
msgid "The <literal>network-test</literal> command frees you from the execution of cumbersome low level commands to analyze the network problem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11814
msgid "The automatic scripts are installed in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" and:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11818
msgid "check the network cable connection,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11823
msgid "check duplicate use of IP address,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11828
msgid "setup system's static routes based on the \"<literal>/etc/network/routes</literal>\" definition,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11833
msgid "check if network gateway is reachable, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11838
msgid "record results in the \"<literal>/var/log/syslog</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11842
msgid "This syslog record is quite useful for administration of the network problem on the remote system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11844
msgid "The automatic behavior of the <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package is configurable with the \"<literal>/etc/default/network-test</literal>\". Some of these automatic checks slow down the system bootup a little bit since it takes some time to listen for <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> replies."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11849
msgid "The advanced network configuration with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11850
msgid "The functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package can be improved beyond what was described in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/> with the advanced knowledge."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11851
msgid "The functionalities described here are completely optional.  I, being lazy and minimalist, rarely bother to use these."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11853
msgid "If you could not set up network connection by information in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>, you will make situation worse by using information below."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11856
msgid "The ifplugd package"
msgstr "ifplugdパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11857
msgid "The <literal>ifplugd</literal> package is older automatic network configuration tool which can manage only Ethernet connections. This solves unplugged/replugged Ethernet cable issues for mobile PC etc..  If you have <ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>) installled, you do not need this package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11858
msgid "This package runs <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> and replaces <emphasis role=\"strong\">auto</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">allow-hotplug</emphasis> functionalities (see <xref linkend=\"list-of-stanzas-in-eni\"/> and starts interfaces upon their connection to the network."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11859
msgid "Here is how to use the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package for the internal Ethernet port, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11863
msgid "Remove stanza in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>: \"<literal>auto eth0</literal>\" or \"<literal>allow-hotplug eth0</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11868
msgid "Keep stanza in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>: \"<literal>iface eth0 inet …</literal>\" and \"<literal>mapping …</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11873
msgid "Install the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11878
msgid "Run \"<literal>sudo dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd</literal>\", and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11883
msgid "Put <literal>eth0</literal> as the \"static interfaces to be watched by ifplugd\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11887
msgid "Now, the network reconfiguration works as you desire:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11891
msgid "Upon power-on or upon hardware discovery, the interface is not brought up by itself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11896
msgid "Quick boot process without the long DHCP timeout."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11901
msgid "No funny activated interface without proper IPv4 address (see <xref linkend=\"_the_network_configuration_state_of_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11908
msgid "Upon finding the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought up."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11913
msgid "Upon some time after unplugging the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought down automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11918
msgid "Upon plugging in another Ethernet cable, the interface will be brought up under the new network environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11923
msgid "The arguments for the <literal>ifplugd</literal>(8) command can set its behaviors such as the delay for reconfiguring interfaces."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11927
msgid "The ifmetric package"
msgstr "ifmetricパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11928
msgid "The <literal>ifmeric</literal> package enables us to manipulate metrics of routes a posteriori even for DHCP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11929
msgid "The following will set the <literal>eth0</literal> interface to be preferred over the <literal>wlan0</literal> interface:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11933
msgid "Install the <literal>ifmetric</literal> package, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11938
msgid "Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 0</literal>\" just below the \"<literal>iface eth0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11943
msgid "Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 1</literal>\" just below the \"<literal>iface wlan0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11947
msgid "The metric 0 means the highest priority route and is the default one.  The larger metric value means lower priority routes. The IP address of the active interface with the lowest metric value becomes the originating one. See <literal>ifmetric</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11950
msgid "The virtual interface"
msgstr "仮想インターフェース"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11951
msgid "A single physical Ethernet interface can be configured as multiple virtual interfaces with different IP addresses.  Usually the purpose is to connect an interface to several IP subnetworks.  For example, IP address based virtual web hosting by a single network interface is one such application."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11952
msgid "For example, let's suppose that"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11956
msgid "a single Ethernet interface on your host is connected to a Ethernet hub (not to the broadband router),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11961
msgid "the Ethernet hub is connected to both the Internet and LAN network,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11966
msgid "the Internet and LAN network by a single Ethernet interface with the Ethernet hub,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11971
msgid "the LAN network uses subnet <literal>192.168.0.x/24</literal>,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11976
msgid "your host uses DHCP served IP address with the physical interface <literal>eth0</literal> for the Internet, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11981
msgid "your host uses <literal>192.168.0.1</literal> with the virtual interface <literal>eth0:0</literal> for the LAN, then following stanzas in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> will configure your network:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11983
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" metric 0\n"
"iface eth0:0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.0.1\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" network 192.168.0.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
" metric 1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11994
msgid "Although this configuration example with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> using <ulink url=\"&netfilteriptables;\">netfilter/iptables</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>) can provide cheap router for the LAN with only single interface, there is no real firewall capability with such set up.  You should use 2 physical interfaces with NAT to secure the local network from Internet."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11998
msgid "The advanced command syntax"
msgstr "上級コマンドシンタックス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11999
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package offers advanced network configuration using the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name.  I use slightly different terminology from one used in <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>interfaces</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12001
msgid "List of terminology for network devices."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12010
msgid "manpage terminology"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12013
msgid "my terminology"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12016
msgid "explanation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12019
msgid "examples in the following text"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12025
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">物理インターフェース</emphasis>名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12027
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ネットワークインターフェース</emphasis>名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12030
msgid "A name given by the Linux kernel (using <literal>udev</literal> mechanism)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12032
msgid "<literal>lo</literal>, <literal>eth0</literal>, <literal>&lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12035
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">logical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">論理インターフェース</emphasis>名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12037
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ネットワーク設定</emphasis>名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12040
msgid "A name token following <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12042
msgid "<literal>config1</literal>, <literal>config2</literal>, <literal>&lt;config_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12047
msgid "Basic network configuration commands in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> require the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name token of the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza to match the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12048
msgid "Advanced network configuration commands enables separation of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12050
msgid "List of advanced network configuration commands with ifupdown."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12067
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12070
msgid "To bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>config1</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12075
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12078
msgid "To bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>config1</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12086
msgid "To bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12094
msgid "To bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12102
msgid "The mapping stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12103
msgid "We skipped explaining the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> to avoid complication.  This stanza has the following syntax:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12104
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;\n"
" script &lt;script_name&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input1&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input2&gt;\n"
" map ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12109
msgid "This provides advanced feature to the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file by automating the choice of the configuration with the mapping script specified by <literal>&lt;script_name&gt;</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12110
msgid "When the \"<literal>&lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\" matches \"<literal>eth0</literal>\", the execution of"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12111
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo ifup eth0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12112
msgid "will produce the execution of:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12113
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=$(echo -e '&lt;script_input1&gt; \\n"
" &lt;script_input2&gt; \\n"
" ...' | &lt;script_name&gt; eth0)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12114
msgid "to configure <literal>eth0</literal> automatically. Here, lines with \"<literal>map</literal>\" are optional and can be repeated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12116
msgid "The glob for <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza works like shell file name glob."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12120
msgid "The manually switchable network configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12121
msgid "Here is how to switch manually among several network configurations without rewriting the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file as in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_reconfiguration\"/> ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12122
msgid "For all the network configuration you need to access, you create a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file, e.g,:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12123
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"iface config1 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\"\n"
"\n"
"iface config2 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1\n"
"\n"
"iface pppoe inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider\n"
"\n"
"iface pots inet ppp\n"
" provider provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12149
msgid "Please note the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration name</emphasis> which is the token after <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> does not use the token for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface name</emphasis>.  Also, there are no <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza nor <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza to start the network interface <literal>eth0</literal> automatically upon events."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12150
msgid "Now you are ready to switch the network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12151
msgid "Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the DHCP.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> (the physical interface) <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name (the logical interface name) <literal>config1</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12152
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config1\n"
"Password:\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12155
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured by DHCP and connected to LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12156
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config1\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12158
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12159
msgid "Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the static IP.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>config2</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12160
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12162
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with static IP and connected to LAN. The additional parameters given as <literal>dns-*</literal> configures \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" contents.  This \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is better manged if the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12163
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12165
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN, again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12166
msgid "Let's move your PC directly connected to BB-modem connected to the PPPoE served service.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>pppoe</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12167
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12169
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with PPPoE connection directly to the ISP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12170
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12172
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected, again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12173
msgid "Let's move your PC to a location without LAN or BB-modem but with POTS and modem.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>ppp0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>pots</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12174
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12176
msgid "The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is up and connected to the Internet with PPP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12177
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12179
msgid "The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is down and disconnected from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12180
msgid "You should check the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file for the current network configuration state of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12182
msgid "You may need to adjust numbers at the end of <literal>eth*</literal>, <literal>ppp*</literal>, etc. if you have multiple network interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12186
msgid "Scripting with the ifupdown system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12187
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> system automatically runs scripts installed in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" while exporting environment variables to scripts:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12189
msgid "List of environment variables passed by the ifupdown system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12196
msgid "environment variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12199
msgid "value passed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12206
msgid "\"<literal>$IFACE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12209
msgid "physical name (interface name) of the interface being processed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12214
msgid "\"<literal>$LOGICAL</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12217
msgid "logical name (configuration name) of the interface being processed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12222
msgid "\"<literal>$ADDRFAM</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12225
msgid "address family of the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12230
msgid "\"<literal>$METHOD</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12233
msgid "method of the interface. (e.g., \"static\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12238
msgid "\"<literal>$MODE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12241
msgid "\"start\" if run from <literal>ifup</literal>, \"stop\" if run from <literal>ifdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12246
msgid "\"<literal>$PHASE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12249
msgid "as per MODE, but with finer granularity, distinguishing the pre-up, post-up, pre-down and post-down phases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12254
msgid "\"<literal>$VERBOSITY</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12257
msgid "indicates whether \"<literal>--verbose</literal>\" was used; set to 1 if so, 0 if not."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12262
msgid "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12265
msgid "the command search path: \"<literal>/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12270
msgid "\"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12273
msgid "the value for the corresponding option under the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12279
msgid "Here, each environment variable, \"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\", is created from the name for the corresponding option by prepending \"<literal>$IF_</literal>\", converting the case to the upper case, replacing hyphens to underscores, and discarding non-alphanumeric characters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12280
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_ifupdown_extra_package\"/>) uses these environment variables to extend the functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package.  The <literal>ifmetric</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_ifmetric_package\"/>) installs the \"<literal>/etc/network/if-up.d/ifmetric</literal>\" script which sets the metric via the \"<literal>$IF_METRIC</literal>\" variable.  The <literal>guessnet</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_mapping_with_guessnet\"/>), which provides simple and powerful framework for the auto-selection of the network configuration via the mapping mechanism, also uses these."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12282
msgid "For more specific examples of custom network configuration scripts using these environment variables, you should check example scripts in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/*</literal>\" and scripts used in <literal>ifscheme</literal> and <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> packages.  These additional scripts have some overlaps of functinalities with basic <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> and <literal>guessnet</literal> packages.  If you install these additional scripts, you should customize these scripts to avoid interferences."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12286
msgid "Mapping with guessnet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12287
msgid "Instead of manually choosing configuration as described in <xref linkend=\"_the_manually_switchable_network_configuration\"/>, you can use the mapping mechanism described in <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/> to select network configuration automatically with custom scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12288
msgid "The <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>(8) command provided by the <literal>guessnet</literal> package is designed to be used as a mapping script and provides powerful framework to enhance the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12292
msgid "you list test condition as the value for <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options for each network configuration under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12297
msgid "mapping will chose the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> with first non-ERROR result as the network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12301
msgid "This dual usage of the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file by the mapping script, <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>, and the original network configuration infrastructure, <literal>ifupdown</literal>, does not cause negative impacts since <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options only export extra environment variables to scripts run by the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system.  See details in <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12303
msgid "When multiple <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> option lines are required in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>, use option lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet1</literal></emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet2</literal></emphasis>, and so on, since the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package does not allow starting strings of option lines to be repeated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12308
msgid "The network configuration for desktop"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12310
msgid "GUI network configuration tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12311
msgid "The capability of default GUI network configuration tools for each desktop environments such as GNOME tends to be limited to basic configurations such as static IP or DHCP.  They actually overwrite contents of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file behind you. Please check how they change <emphasis role=\"strong\">e/n/i</emphasis> file by yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12313
msgid "They may not understand complicated advanced configuration done manually in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12317
msgid "Automatic network configuration"
msgstr "自動ネットワーク設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12318
msgid "There are independent automatic network configuration tools, such as <ulink url=\"&networkmanagernm;\">NetworkManager (NM)</ulink> (<literal>network-manager</literal> and associated packages) and <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> (<literal>wicd</literal> package) which manage network connection via <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> independen of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package. They allow easy management of wireless connections.  These come with its own nice GUI user interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12320
msgid "Do not use these automatic network configuration tools for servers.  These are aimed primarily for mobile desktop users on laptops."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12323
msgid "These automatic network configuration tools may not be compatible with esoteric configurations of <literal>ifupdown</literal> in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> such as ones in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>.  Having even \"<literal>hostname</literal>\" stanza for DHCP controlled interface as described in <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/> caused NM to ignore such interface in <literal>lenny</literal>. Check <ulink url=\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">BTS of network-manager</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&btsofwicd;\">BTS of wicd</ulink> for current issues and limitations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12325
msgid "The configuration of NM is described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/network-manager/README.Debian</literal>\".  Essentially:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12329
msgid "Make desktop user, e.g. <literal>foo</literal>, belong to group \"<literal>netdev</literal>\" by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12331
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo adduser foo netdev"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12335
msgid "Keep configuration of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> as simple as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12345
msgid "Restart NM by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12347
#,