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1 # TRANSLATION of Debian Reference (tutorial)
2 # Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # Translation by Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>, 2009.
5 # Partially based on old translation by 角田 慎一 tsuno#at#ngy.1st.ne.jp from DR v1
6 #
7 msgid ""
8 msgstr ""
9 "Project-Id-Version: Debian Reference v2\n"
10 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
11 "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-05-17 01:17+0900\n"
12 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-05-17 17:22+0900\n"
13 "Last-Translator: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
14 "Language-Team: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
15 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
18
19 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19
20 msgid "en"
21 msgstr "ja"
22
23 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21
24 msgid "Debian Reference"
25 msgstr "Debianレファレンス"
26
27 # type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
28 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22
29 msgid "<author> <firstname>Osamu</firstname> <surname>Aoki</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"
30 msgstr "<author> <firstname>修</firstname> <surname>青木</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"
31
32 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28
33 msgid "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)."
34 msgstr "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). (日本語による参考説明：本書はフリーです；　Debianフリーソフトウェアガイドライン(DFSG)に適合するいかなるバージョンのGNU General Public Licenseの条件の下ででも再配布や改変をすることを許可します。)"
35
36 # type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><copyright><holder>
37 #: debian-reference.en.xml:33
38 msgid "Osamu Aoki"
39 msgstr "Osamu Aoki(青木 修)"
40
41 #: debian-reference.en.xml:36
42 msgid "This Debian Reference (v2) (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command examples for non-developers."
43 msgstr "本Debianレファレンス(第2版) (&build-date;) はシステムインストール後のユーザー案内書として、Debian システムの広範な概論を提供します。本書は非開発者を対象にシェルコマンド例を通してシステム管理の多くの局面を説明します。"
44
45 #: debian-reference.en.xml:41
46 msgid "Preface"
47 msgstr "序章"
48
49 #: debian-reference.en.xml:42
50 msgid "This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian Reference (version 2)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide."
51 msgstr "この<ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debianレファレンス(第2版)</ulink>(&build-date;)はシステムインストール後のユーザー向け案内書としてDebianのシステム管理に関する概論の提供を目指しています。"
52
53 #: debian-reference.en.xml:44
54 msgid "The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> system works."
55 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>システムが如何にして機能しているかを理解するのに、シェルスクリプトぐらいを学ぶ気はあるがCのソースまでを全て読む気はしないような人が本書の対象読者です。"
56
57 #: debian-reference.en.xml:47
58 msgid "Disclaimer"
59 msgstr "免責事項"
60
61 #: debian-reference.en.xml:48
62 msgid "All warranties are disclaimed. All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners."
63 msgstr "一切保証は致しません。全ての商標はそれぞれの商標の所有者の財産です。"
64
65 #: debian-reference.en.xml:50
66 msgid "The Debian system itself is a moving target. This makes its documentation difficult to be current and correct. Although the current unstable version of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may be already outdated by the time you read this."
67 msgstr "Debianシステム自体は動く標的です。このため現状を反映した正確な記述をすることが困難です。現行不安定版のDebianシステムを用いて本書は記されましたが、皆様が読まれる時点ではすでに記載内容が古くなっているかもしれません。"
68
69 #: debian-reference.en.xml:52
70 msgid "Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in this document."
71 msgstr "本書はあくまで二次的参考文献として扱ってください。本書は正式の案内書を置き換えません。著者及び本書への貢献者は本書の中の誤謬や欠落や曖昧さが引き起こす結果に一切責任をおいません。"
72
73 #: debian-reference.en.xml:56
74 msgid "What is Debian"
75 msgstr "Debianとはなにか"
76
77 #: debian-reference.en.xml:57
78 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian Project</ulink> is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. It's distribution is characterized by:"
79 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debianプロジェクト</ulink>はフリーなオペレーティングシステムを作ろうという共通目的を持った個人の集団です。そのディストリビューションは以下の特徴があります："
80
81 #: debian-reference.en.xml:62
82 msgid "Commitment to the software freedom: <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian Social Contract and Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)</ulink>."
83 msgstr "ソフトウェアの自由へのコミットメント：　<ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian社会契約とDebianフリーソフトウエアーガイドライン(DFSG)</ulink>。"
84
85 #: debian-reference.en.xml:67
86 msgid "Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"
87 msgstr "インターネット上の分散型の無償ボランティア活動：　<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"
88
89 #: debian-reference.en.xml:72
90 msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares."
91 msgstr "多数のプリコンパイルされた高品質のソフトウエアー。"
92
93 #: debian-reference.en.xml:77
94 msgid "Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates."
95 msgstr "セキュリティアップデートへの平易なアクセス提供による、安定性とセキュリティの重視。"
96
97 #: debian-reference.en.xml:82
98 msgid "Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives."
99 msgstr "不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>やテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブによる、最新のソフトウエアーへの円滑なアップグレードの重視。"
100
101 #: debian-reference.en.xml:87
102 msgid "Large number of supported hardware architectures."
103 msgstr "多数のサポートされたハードウエアーアーキテクチャー。"
104
105 #: debian-reference.en.xml:91
106 msgid "Free Software pieces in Debian come from <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> and many more independent free software projects. Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system."
107 msgstr "Debianの中のフリーソフトウエアー構成要素は、<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>や<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink>やその他の多くの独立のフリーソフトウエアーのプロジェクトに由来します。Debianはこの多種多様なフリーソフトウエアーを1つのシステムにまとめ上げます。"
108
109 #: debian-reference.en.xml:95
110 msgid "About this document"
111 msgstr "本書について"
112
113 #: debian-reference.en.xml:97
114 msgid "Guiding rules"
115 msgstr "編集指針"
116
117 #: debian-reference.en.xml:98
118 msgid "Following guiding rules were followed while compiling this document:"
119 msgstr "本書の作成にあたり以下の編集指針を守りました："
120
121 #: debian-reference.en.xml:103
122 msgid "don't explain in details what is well documented elsewhere (in the judgment of the author)"
123 msgstr "他に良い文書があれば（著者裁量で）詳述しない"
124
125 #: debian-reference.en.xml:108
126 msgid "Provide overview and skip corner cases (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big Picture</emphasis>)"
127 msgstr "概論を提供し枝葉末節は省略する(<emphasis role=\"strong\">全体像</emphasis>)"
128
129 #: debian-reference.en.xml:113
130 msgid "Keep It Short and Simple. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"
131 msgstr "簡潔(<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"
132
133 #: debian-reference.en.xml:118
134 msgid "Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell examples</emphasis>)"
135 msgstr "非GUIツールとコンソールを重視する(<emphasis role=\"strong\">シェル例示</emphasis>を使用)"
136
137 #: debian-reference.en.xml:123
138 msgid "Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to <emphasis role=\"strong\">the existing references</emphasis>)"
139 msgstr "賽の河原に陥いないようする。(<emphasis role=\"strong\">既存の参考文献</emphasis>へのポインターの利用)"
140
141 #: debian-reference.en.xml:128
142 msgid "Be objective. (Use <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> etc.)"
143 msgstr "客観的であるようにする。(<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink>等の利用)"
144
145 #: debian-reference.en.xml:132
146 msgid "I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system."
147 msgstr "私はシステムの階層的側面やその低層を明らかにしようとしました。"
148
149 #: debian-reference.en.xml:136
150 msgid "Prerequisites"
151 msgstr "前提条件"
152
153 #: debian-reference.en.xml:137
154 msgid "You are required to seek help from (in approximate order of importance, starting with the most important sources):"
155 msgstr "読者はサポート情報を以下より自ら取得するべきです(以下ほぼ重要性順に列挙)："
156
157 #: debian-reference.en.xml:142
158 msgid "the Debian site at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> for the general information,"
159 msgstr "一般的情報は<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>にあるDebianサイト、"
160
161 #: debian-reference.en.xml:147
162 msgid "the documentation under the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\" directory,"
163 msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\"ディレクトリー下にある文書、"
164
165 #: debian-reference.en.xml:152
166 msgid "the Unix style <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\","
167 msgstr "Unixスタイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">manページ</emphasis>：　\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\"、"
168
169 #: debian-reference.en.xml:157
170 msgid "the GNU style <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\","
171 msgstr "GNUスタイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">infoページ</emphasis>：　\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\"、"
172
173 #: debian-reference.en.xml:162
174 msgid "the bug report: <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>,"
175 msgstr "バグレポート：　<ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>、"
176
177 #: debian-reference.en.xml:167
178 msgid "the Debian Wiki at <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink> for the moving and specific topics,"
179 msgstr "変化中の事や特定案件に関しては、<ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink>にあるDebianのWiki、"
180
181 #: debian-reference.en.xml:172
182 msgid "the HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at <ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> ,"
183 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> にあるLinuxドキュメンテーションプロジェクト(TLDP)のHOWTO文書、"
184
185 #: debian-reference.en.xml:177
186 msgid "the Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group's The UNIX System Home Page at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink> , and"
187 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>にあるOpen GroupのThe UNIX System Home PageにあるSingle UNIX Specification、"
188
189 #: debian-reference.en.xml:182
190 msgid "the free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at <ulink url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>."
191 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>にあるWikipediaのフリーの百科事典。"
192
193 #: debian-reference.en.xml:186
194 msgid "For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" as its suffix."
195 msgstr "詳細な文書を読むには、\"<literal>-doc</literal>\"をサフィックスとする対応する文書パッケージをインストールする必要があるかもしれません。"
196
197 #: debian-reference.en.xml:189
198 msgid "Conventions"
199 msgstr "文書様式"
200
201 #: debian-reference.en.xml:190
202 msgid "This document provides information through the following simplified presentation style with <literal>bash</literal>(1) shell command examples and bullets:"
203 msgstr "以下のような、<literal>bash</literal>(1)シェルコマンド例示と点の後ろの箇条書き形式で本書は書かれています。"
204
205 #: debian-reference.en.xml:192
206 #, no-wrap
207 msgid ""
208 "# &lt;command in root account&gt;\n"
209 "$ &lt;command in user account&gt;"
210 msgstr ""
211 "# &lt;rootアカウントからのコマンド&gt;\n"
212 "$ &lt;ユーザーアカウントからのコマンド&gt;\n"
213
214 #: debian-reference.en.xml:197
215 msgid "&lt;description of action&gt;"
216 msgstr "&lt;なすべき事の叙述&gt;"
217
218 #: debian-reference.en.xml:201
219 msgid "These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set environment variables as: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\" and \"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\". These values are chosen for the sake of readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system."
220 msgstr "これらのシェルプロンプトは使われるアカウントを区別します。これはちょうど環境変数として：　\"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\"と\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\"を設定した場合に相当します。これらの環境変数値はあくまで本書の読みやすさのためで、実際のインストール済みシステではほとんど見かけません。"
221
222 #: debian-reference.en.xml:203
223 msgid "See the meaning of the \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" and \"<literal>$PS2</literal>\" environment variables in <literal>bash</literal>(1)."
224 msgstr "\"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\"と\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\"という環境変数値の意味は<literal>bash</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"
225
226 #: debian-reference.en.xml:204
227 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command snippet</emphasis> quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"."
228 msgstr "本文中に引用される<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンドの断片</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"のように表現されます。"
229
230 #: debian-reference.en.xml:206
231 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">text data</emphasis> from a configuration file quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"."
232 msgstr "本文中に設定ファイルから引用された<emphasis role=\"strong\">文字データー</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"のように表現されます。"
233
234 #: debian-reference.en.xml:208
235 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>bash</literal>(1). You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
236 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンド</emphasis>はその名前をタイプライターフォントで書き、場合によってはその後ろにmanページのセクション番号を括弧中に入れて書き<literal>bash</literal>(1)のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
237
238 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
239 #: debian-reference.en.xml:210
240 #, no-wrap
241 msgid "$ man 1 bash"
242 msgstr "$ man 1 bash"
243
244 #: debian-reference.en.xml:211
245 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>sources.list</literal>(5). You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
246 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">manページ</emphasis>はその名前をタイプライターフォントで書き、その後ろにmanページのセクション番号を括弧中に入れて書き<literal>sources.list</literal>(5)のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
247
248 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
249 #: debian-reference.en.xml:213
250 #, no-wrap
251 msgid "$ man 5 sources.list"
252 msgstr "$ man 5 sources.list"
253
254 #: debian-reference.en.xml:214
255 msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis> is referred by its command snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>info make</literal>\". You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
256 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">infoページ</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントというコマンドの断片形式で書き\"<literal>info make</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
257
258 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
259 #: debian-reference.en.xml:216
260 #, no-wrap
261 msgid "$ info make"
262 msgstr "$ info make"
263
264 #: debian-reference.en.xml:217
265 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">filename</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\". For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
266 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル名</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
267
268 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
269 #: debian-reference.en.xml:219
270 #, no-wrap
271 msgid "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""
272 msgstr "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""
273
274 #: debian-reference.en.xml:220
275 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\". You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing:"
276 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリー名</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
277
278 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
279 #: debian-reference.en.xml:222
280 #, no-wrap
281 msgid "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""
282 msgstr "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""
283
284 #: debian-reference.en.xml:223
285 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">package name</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font, such as <literal>vim</literal>. You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
286 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">パッケージ名</emphasis>はその名をタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
287
288 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
289 #: debian-reference.en.xml:225
290 #, no-wrap
291 msgid ""
292 "$ dpkg -L vim\n"
293 "$ apt-cache show vim\n"
294 "$ aptitude show vim"
295 msgstr ""
296 "$ dpkg -L vim\n"
297 "$ apt-cache show vim\n"
298 "$ aptitude show vim"
299
300 #: debian-reference.en.xml:228
301 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"; or by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>. You are encouraged to read the documentation by typing:"
302 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文書</emphasis>は、その場所のファイル名でダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\"や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"のように表現されたり、その場所の<ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>で<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
303
304 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
305 #: debian-reference.en.xml:230
306 #, no-wrap
307 msgid ""
308 "$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
309 "$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
310 "$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""
311 msgstr ""
312 "$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
313 "$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
314 "$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""
315
316 #: debian-reference.en.xml:233
317 msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">environment variable</emphasis> is referred by its name with leading \"<literal>$</literal>\" in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\". You are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing:"
318 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">環境変数</emphasis>は、頭に\"<literal>$</literal>\"がついた名前をダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き、\"<literal>$TERM</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"
319
320 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
321 #: debian-reference.en.xml:235
322 #, no-wrap
323 msgid "$ echo \"$TERM\""
324 msgstr "$ echo \"$TERM\""
325
326 #: debian-reference.en.xml:238
327 msgid "The popcon"
328 msgstr "Popcon"
329
330 #: debian-reference.en.xml:239
331 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> data is presented as the objective measure for the popularity of each package. It was downloaded on &pop-date; and contains the total submission of &pop-submissions; reports over &pop-packages; binary packages and &pop-architectures; architectures."
332 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">Popcon</ulink>のデーターは各パッケージの客観的人気の指標として提示されいます。それがダウンロードされた日付は&pop-date;で、 &pop-packages;を越すバイナリーパッケージ数と&pop-architectures;のアーキテクチャーにまたがる&pop-submissions;つの提出レポートからなります。"
333
334 #: debian-reference.en.xml:241
335 msgid "Please note that the <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> archive contains only &all-packages; packages currently. The popcon data contains reports from many old system installations."
336 msgstr "<literal>&arch;</literal>の不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブは現在高々&all-packages;つのパッケージしか含みません。Popconデーターは多くの古い設置システムからのレポートを含みます。"
337
338 #: debian-reference.en.xml:242
339 msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"V:\" for \"votes\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"."
340 msgstr "\"votes\"を意味する\"V:\"が前についたPopconの数は\"100 * (PCで最近実行されたパッケージに関するpopcon提出)/(全popcon提出)\"として計算される。"
341
342 #: debian-reference.en.xml:244
343 msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"I:\" for \"installs\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"."
344 msgstr "\"installs\"を意味する\"I:\"が前についたPopconの数は\"100 * (PCにインストールされているパッケージに関するpopcon提出)/(全popcon提出)\"として計算される。"
345
346 #: debian-reference.en.xml:246
347 msgid "The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the importance of packages. There are many factors which can skew statistics. For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories such as \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled \"vote\" from such system."
348 msgstr "Popconの数字はパッケージの重要性の絶対指標と考えるべきでない。統計を曲げる多くの因子があります。例えば、Popconに参加しているシステムの一部は\"<literal>/bin</literal>\"などのディレクトリをシステム性能向上のために\"<literal>noatime</literal>\"オプションでマウントすることで当該システムから\"vote\"することを実質的に禁止しているかもしれません。"
349
350 #: debian-reference.en.xml:249
351 msgid "The package size"
352 msgstr "パッケージサイズ"
353
354 #: debian-reference.en.xml:250
355 msgid "The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each package. It is based on the \"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\" reported by \"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\" or \"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\" command (currently on <literal>&arch;</literal> architecture for the <literal>unstable</literal> release). The reported size is in KiB (<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = unit for 1024 bytes)."
356 msgstr "各パッケージの客観的指標としてパケージサイズデーターも提供されます。それは\"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\"や\"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\"コマンドが(現在の<literal>&arch;</literal>アーキテクチャー上の<literal>unstable</literal>リリース上で)表示する\"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\"です。サイズはKiB(<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = 1024バイト単位)で表示されます。"
357
358 #: debian-reference.en.xml:252
359 msgid "A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is a dummy package which installs other packages with significant contents by the dependency. The dummy package enables a smooth transition or split of the package."
360 msgstr "小さなパケージサイズのパッケージは<literal>unstable</literal>リリース中の当該パッケージが内容のある他パッケージを依存関係でインストールするためのダミーパッケージだからかもしれません。"
361
362 #: debian-reference.en.xml:255
363 msgid "Bug reports"
364 msgstr "バグ報告"
365
366 # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
367 #: debian-reference.en.xml:256
368 msgid "Please file bug reports on the <literal>debian-reference</literal> package using <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) if you find any issues. Please include correction suggestion by \"<literal>diff -u</literal>\" to the plain text version or to the source."
369 msgstr "何か問題を発見した場合には、<literal>debian-reference</literal>パッケージに対して<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)を用いてバグ報告をしてください。プレーンテキストバージョンかソースに対する\"<literal>diff -u</literal>\"による修正提案を含めてください。"
370
371 #: debian-reference.en.xml:261
372 msgid "Some quotes for new users"
373 msgstr "新規ユーザーへの引用文"
374
375 #: debian-reference.en.xml:262
376 msgid "Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help enlighten new users:"
377 msgstr "新規ユーザーを啓蒙するDebianのメーリングリストで見つけた興味深い引用文を記します："
378
379 #: debian-reference.en.xml:267
380 msgid "\"This is Unix. It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"
381 msgstr "\"This is Unix. It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" 「これはUnixです。首を括るのに十分なロープをあてがってくれますよ。」 --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"
382
383 #: debian-reference.en.xml:272
384 msgid "\"Unix IS user friendly… It's just selective about who its friends are.\" --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"
385 msgstr "\"Unix IS user friendly... It's just selective about who its friends are.\" 「Unixはユーザーフレンドリーです...　誰にフレンドリーにするかに人見知りするだけです。」 --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"
386
387 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
388 #: debian-reference.en.xml:279
389 msgid "GNU/Linux tutorials"
390 msgstr "GNU/Linuxチュートリアル"
391
392 #: debian-reference.en.xml:280
393 msgid "I think learning a computer system is like learning a new foreign language. Although tutorial books and documentation are helpful, you have to practice it yourself. In order to help you get started smoothly, I will elaborate a few basic points."
394 msgstr "コンピュータシステムを学ぶことは新しい外国語を学ぶことに似ていると考えます。チュートリアルブックは有用ですが、実際に使って学ぶことが必要です。スムースなスタートが出きるように、いくつかの基本的なポイントを説明します。"
395
396 #: debian-reference.en.xml:282
397 msgid "The powerful design of <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> comes from the <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> operating system, i.e., a <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">multiuser</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">multitasking</ulink> operating system. You must learn to take advantage of the power of these features and the similarities between Unix and GNU/Linux."
398 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> の強力なデザインは <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">マルチユーザー</ulink>、 <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">マルチタスク</ulink> という <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> オペレーティングシステムに由来します。これら Unix と GNU/Linux の特徴や類似点の強力さを活用することを覚えましょう。"
399
400 #: debian-reference.en.xml:284
401 msgid "Don't shy away from Unix oriented texts and don't rely solely on GNU/Linux texts, as this will rob you of much useful information."
402 msgstr "Unix対象の文書を避けたり、GNU/Linuxに関する文書だけに頼ることは、有用な情報を見逃すことになるので止めましょう。"
403
404 #: debian-reference.en.xml:286
405 msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition</ulink>\", in the Debian non-free archive as the <literal>rutebook</literal> package (popcon: &pop-rutebook;), provides a good online resource to the generic system administration."
406 msgstr "一般的なシステム管理に関する良好なオンラインリソースは、Debianのnon-freeアーカイブに<literal>rutebook</literal>パッケージ (popcon: &pop-rutebook;)としてある\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Ruteユーザーのためのチュートリアルと解説書（Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition）</ulink>\" が提供しています。"
407
408 #: debian-reference.en.xml:288
409 msgid "If you have been using any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system for a while with command line tools, you probably know everything I explain here. Please use this as a reality check and refresher."
410 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix 的</ulink>システムをコマンドラインツールで少々使った経験があれば、私がここで説明することはすべてご存知でしょう。リアリティーチェックと記憶を呼び戻すのにこれを使ってください。"
411
412 #: debian-reference.en.xml:290
413 msgid "Console basics"
414 msgstr "コンソールの基礎"
415
416 #: debian-reference.en.xml:292
417 msgid "The shell prompt"
418 msgstr "シェルプロンプト"
419
420 #: debian-reference.en.xml:293
421 msgid "Upon starting the system, you are presented with the character based login screen if you did not install <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>. Suppose your hostname is <literal>foo</literal>, the login prompt looks like:"
422 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Windowシステム</ulink> を <literal>gdm</literal> 等のディスプレーマネージャーとともにインストールしなかった場合には、システム起動の際に文字の login スクリーンが現れます。あなたのhost名が<literal>foo</literal>と仮定すると、loginプロンプトは以下です:"
423
424 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
425 #: debian-reference.en.xml:295
426 #, no-wrap
427 msgid "foo login:"
428 msgstr "foo login:"
429
430 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
431 #: debian-reference.en.xml:296
432 msgid "If you did install a <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> environment such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, then you can get to a login prompt by Ctrl-Alt-F1, and you can return to the GUI environment via Alt-F7 (see <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> below for more)."
433 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>のような<ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink>環境をインストールした場合には、Ctrl-Alt-F1とすることでloginプロンプトが出て、Alt-F7とすることでGUI環境に戻れます（詳細は下記の<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>参照）。"
434
435 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
436 #: debian-reference.en.xml:298
437 msgid "At the login prompt, you type your username, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, and press the Enter-key, then type your password and press the Enter-key again."
438 msgstr "loginプロンプトで、, 例えば<literal>penguin</literal>とあなたのユーザー名を打鍵しEnterキーを押し、さらにあなたのパスワードを打鍵しEnterキーを再び押します。"
439
440 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
441 #: debian-reference.en.xml:300
442 msgid "Following the Unix tradition, the username and password of the Debian system are case sensitive. The username is usually chosen only from the lowercase. The first user account is usually created during the installation. Additional user accounts can be created with <literal>adduser</literal>(8) by root."
443 msgstr "Unixの伝統に従い、Debianシステムではユーザー名とパスワードに関して大文字小文字の区別をします。ユーザー名は通常小文字のみから選ばれます。最初のユーザーアカウントは通常インストールの際に作られます。追加のユーザーアカウントはrootによって<literal>adduser</literal>(8)を用いて作られます。"
444
445 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
446 #: debian-reference.en.xml:301
447 msgid "The system starts with the greeting message stored in \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" (Message Of The Day) and with the command prompt as:"
448 msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" （本日のメッセージ：Message Of The Day）に保存されている歓迎メッセージとコマンドプロンプトで以下のように表示しシステムが起動されます。"
449
450 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
451 #: debian-reference.en.xml:303
452 #, no-wrap
453 msgid ""
454 "Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
455 "foo login: penguin\n"
456 "Password:\n"
457 "Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
458 "Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
459 "\n"
460 "The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
461 "the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
462 "individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
463 "\n"
464 "Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
465 "permitted by applicable law.\n"
466 "foo:~$"
467 msgstr ""
468 "Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
469 "foo login: penguin\n"
470 "Password:\n"
471 "Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
472 "Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
473 "\n"
474 "The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
475 "the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
476 "individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
477 "\n"
478 "Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
479 "permitted by applicable law.\n"
480 "foo:~$"
481
482 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
483 #: debian-reference.en.xml:316
484 msgid "Here, the main part of the greeting message can be customized by editing the \"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\" file. The first line is generated from the system information using \"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"."
485 msgstr "ここで、歓迎メッセージの主要部分は\"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\"ファイルを編集することでカスタマイズできます。最初の行は\"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"用いたシステム情報から生成されます。"
486
487 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
488 #: debian-reference.en.xml:318
489 msgid "Now you are in the <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink>. The shell interprets your commands."
490 msgstr "これであなたは<ulink url=\"&shell;\">シェル</ulink>の中にいます。シェルはあなたからのコマンドを解釈します。"
491
492 #: debian-reference.en.xml:322
493 msgid "The shell prompt under X"
494 msgstr "Xの下でのシェルプロンプト"
495
496 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
497 #: debian-reference.en.xml:323
498 msgid "If you installed <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with a display manager such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s <literal>gdm</literal> by selecting \"Desktop environment\" task during the installation, you will be presented with the graphical login screen upon starting your system. You type your username and your password to login to the non-privileged user account. Use tab to navigate between username and password, or use the mouse and primary click."
499 msgstr "インストールの際に\"Desktop environment\"タスクを選定し<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>の<literal>gdm</literal>とともに<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Windowシステム</ulink>をインストールした場合には、システムの起動するとグラフィカルなloginプロンプトのスクリーンが表示されます。あなたのユーザー名とパスワードを入力することで非特権ユーザーアカウントにloginできます。タブ(tab)を用いたりマウスの第一クリックを用いるとユーザー名とパスワードの間を行き来できます。"
500
501 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
502 #: debian-reference.en.xml:325
503 msgid "You can gain the shell prompt under X by starting a <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> program such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) or <literal>xterm</literal>(1). Under the GNOME Desktop environment, clicking \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\" does the trick."
504 msgstr "<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)や<literal>rxvt</literal>(1)や<literal>xterm</literal>(1)のような<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>プログラムをXの下で起動するとシェルプロンプトが得られます。GNOMEデスクトップ環境下では、\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\"とクリックしてもうまくいきます。"
505
506 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
507 #: debian-reference.en.xml:327
508 msgid "You can also see the section below <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>."
509 msgstr "以下の<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>も参照ください."
510
511 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
512 #: debian-reference.en.xml:329
513 msgid "Under some other Desktop systems (like <literal>fluxbox</literal>), there may be no obvious starting point for the menu. If this happens, just try (right) clicking the center of the screen and hope for a menu to pop-up."
514 msgstr "デスクトップ環境（例えば<literal>fluxbox</literal>）次第ではメニューの起点がよく分からないことがあります。そんな時はスクリーンの中央を（右）クリックしてメニューが表示されることを期待しましょう。"
515
516 #: debian-reference.en.xml:333
517 msgid "The root account"
518 msgstr "rootアカウント"
519
520 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
521 #: debian-reference.en.xml:334
522 msgid "The root account is also called <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superuser</ulink> or privileged user. From this account, you can perform the following system administration activities:"
523 msgstr "rootアカウントは<ulink url=\"&superuser;\">スーパーユーザー</ulink>とか特権ユーザーとも呼ばれます。このアカウントからは以下のようなシステム管理活動ができます。"
524
525 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
526 #: debian-reference.en.xml:339
527 msgid "read, write, and remove any files on the system irrespective of their file permissions"
528 msgstr "ファイルのパーミッションによらずシステム上のいかなるファイルに関して、読み・書き・削除をする。"
529
530 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
531 #: debian-reference.en.xml:344
532 msgid "set file ownership and permissions of any files on the system"
533 msgstr "システム上のいかなるファイルに関して、ファイルの所有者やパーミッションを設定する。"
534
535 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
536 #: debian-reference.en.xml:349
537 msgid "set the password of any non-privileged users on the system"
538 msgstr "システム上の非特権ユーザーのパスワードを設定する。"
539
540 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
541 #: debian-reference.en.xml:354
542 msgid "login to any accounts without their passwords"
543 msgstr "パスワード無しにいかなるアカウントにもloginする。"
544
545 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
546 #: debian-reference.en.xml:358
547 msgid "This unlimited power of root account requires you to be considerate and responsible when using it."
548 msgstr "rootアカウントの権限を使うには、この無制限の権限ゆえ配慮と責任ある行動が求められます。"
549
550 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
551 #: debian-reference.en.xml:360
552 msgid "Never share the root password with others."
553 msgstr "rootのパスワードを他人に決して教えてはいけない。"
554
555 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
556 #: debian-reference.en.xml:361
557 msgid "File permissions of a file (including hardware devices such as CD-ROM etc. which are just another file for the Debian system) may render it unusable or inaccessible by non-root users. Although the use of root account is a quick way to test this kind of situation, its resolution should be done through proper setting of file permissions and user's group membership (see <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)."
558 msgstr "ファイル（Debianシステムにとってはファイルの一種であるCD-ROM等のハードウエアデバイスも含む）のパーミッションは、非rootユーザーによるそのファイルの使用やアクセスをできなくなくすることがあります。この様な状況の下ではrootアカウントを使うことが簡便なテスト法ですが、問題解決はファイルのパーミッションとユーザーのグループのメンバーシップを適切に設定する必要があります（<xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>参照）。"
559
560 #: debian-reference.en.xml:364
561 msgid "The root shell prompt"
562 msgstr "rootシェルプロンプト"
563
564 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
565 #: debian-reference.en.xml:365
566 msgid "Here are a few basic methods to gain the root shell prompt by using the root password:"
567 msgstr "rootのパスワードを使ってrootのシェルプロンプトを使えるようにする基本的な方法を以下に記します。"
568
569 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
570 #: debian-reference.en.xml:370
571 msgid "At the character based login prompt, you simply type <literal>root</literal>."
572 msgstr "文字ベースのloginプロンプトで、単に<literal>root</literal>と入力する。"
573
574 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
575 #: debian-reference.en.xml:375
576 msgid "Under the GNOME Desktop environment, click \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\"."
577 msgstr "GNOMEデスクトップ環境下で、\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\"とクリックする。"
578
579 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
580 #: debian-reference.en.xml:380
581 msgid "From any user shell prompt, type \"<literal>su -l</literal>\". (This does not preserve the environment of the current user)"
582 msgstr "何らかのユーザーのシェルプロンプトから、\"<literal>su -l</literal>\"と入力する。（現ユーザーの環境を一切引き継がない。）"
583
584 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
585 #: debian-reference.en.xml:385
586 msgid "From any user shell prompt, type \"<literal>su</literal>\". (This preserves some of the environment of the current user)"
587 msgstr "何らかのユーザーのシェルプロンプトから、\"<literal>su</literal>\"と入力する。（現ユーザーの環境をある程度引き継ぐ。）"
588
589 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
590 #: debian-reference.en.xml:391
591 msgid "GUI system administration tools"
592 msgstr "GUIのシステム管理ツール"
593
594 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
595 #: debian-reference.en.xml:392
596 msgid "When your desktop menu does not start GUI system administration tools automatically with the appropriate privilege, you can start them from the root shell prompt of the X terminal emulator, such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1), or <literal>xterm</literal>(1). See <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>."
597 msgstr "デスクトップのメニューがGUIのシステム管理ツールを適切な権限とともに自動的に起動しない場合、<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)や<literal>rxvt</literal>(1)や<literal>xterm</literal>(1)のようなXターミナルエミュレーターのrootシェルプロンプトから起動できます。"
598
599 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
600 #: debian-reference.en.xml:394
601 msgid "Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>(1)."
602 msgstr "<literal>gdm</literal>(1)等のディスプレーマネージャーのプロンプトに<literal>root</literal>と入力して、Xディスプレー/セッションマネージャーをrootアカウントのもとで決して起動してはいけません。"
603
604 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
605 #: debian-reference.en.xml:395
606 msgid "Never run untrusted remote GUI program under X window when critical information is displayed since it may eavesdrop your X screen."
607 msgstr "クリチカルな情報が表示されている際には、あなたのXスクリーンを覗き見られるかもしれないのでリモートの信頼できないGUIプログラムを決して実行してはいけません。"
608
609 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
610 #: debian-reference.en.xml:398
611 msgid "Virtual consoles"
612 msgstr "仮想コンソール"
613
614 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
615 #: debian-reference.en.xml:399
616 msgid "In the default Debian system, there are six switchable <ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100-like</ulink> character consoles available to start the command shell directly on the Linux host. Unless you are in a GUI environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the <literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> and one of the <literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal> keys simultaneously. Each character console allows independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment. This multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive."
617 msgstr "デフォルトのDebianシステムでは、６つの切り替え可能な<ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100様</ulink>の文字コンソールがあり、Linuxホスト上で直接コマンドシェルを起動できるようになっています。GUI環境下でない場合は、<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal>と<literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal>の中の一つのキーを同時に押すことで仮想コンソール間の切り替えができます。仮想ターミナルそれぞれに独立したアカウントでログインすることができ、。マルチユーザ環境を提供します。このマルチユーザ環境はUnixの偉大な機能で、癖になります。"
618
619 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
620 #: debian-reference.en.xml:401
621 msgid "If you are under the X Window System, you gain access to the character console 1 by pressing <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal> key, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-key</literal>, and the <literal>F1-key</literal> are pressed together. You can get back to the X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing <literal>Alt-F7</literal>."
622 msgstr "X Windowシステムの下では、<literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal>キーを押す、つまり<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>left-Alt-key</literal>と<literal>F1-key</literal>キーを同時に押すと文字コンソール１にアクセスできます。通常仮想コンソール７で実行されているX Windowシステムへは<literal>Alt-F7</literal>を押すことにより戻れます。"
623
624 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
625 #: debian-reference.en.xml:403
626 msgid "You can alternatively change to another virtual console, e.g. to the console 1, by the command:"
627 msgstr "これとは別の方法もあります。今と違う仮想ターミナルへ、例えば仮想ターミナル１への変更は以下でできます："
628
629 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
630 #: debian-reference.en.xml:405
631 #, no-wrap
632 msgid "# chvt 1"
633 msgstr "# chvt 1"
634
635 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
636 #: debian-reference.en.xml:408
637 msgid "How to leave the command prompt"
638 msgstr "コマンドプロンプトからの退出方法"
639
640 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
641 #: debian-reference.en.xml:409
642 msgid "You type <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal> and the <literal>d-key</literal> pressed together, at the command prompt to close the shell activity. If you are at the character console, you will return to the login prompt with this. Even though these control characters are referred as \"control D\" with the upper case, you do not need to press the Shift-key. The short hand expression, <literal>^D</literal>, is also used for <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>. Alternately, you can type \"exit\"."
643 msgstr "コマンドプロンプトで<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>、つまり<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>d-key</literal>の同時押しをするとシェルでのアクティビティーを終了できます。文字コンソールの場合は、こうするとloginプロンプト戻ります。これらのコントロール文字は通常\"control D\"と大文字を使って表記されますが、Shiftキーを押す必要はありません。また<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>に関する簡略表記<literal>^D</literal>も使われます。この代わりに\"exit\"とタイプすることができます。"
644
645 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
646 #: debian-reference.en.xml:411
647 msgid "If you are at <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1), you can close <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> window with this."
648 msgstr "<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1)にあっては、このようにすることで<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> のウインドーが閉じることができます。"
649
650 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
651 #: debian-reference.en.xml:415
652 msgid "How to shutdown the system"
653 msgstr "シャットダウンの方法"
654
655 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
656 #: debian-reference.en.xml:416
657 msgid "Just like any other modern OS where the file operation involves <ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">caching data</ulink> in memory for improved performance, the Debian system needs the proper shutdown procedure before power can safely be turned off. This is to maintain the integrity of files, by forcing all changes in memory to be written to disk. If the software power control is available, the shutdown procedure automatically turns off power of the system. (Otherwise, you may have to press power button for few seconds after the shutdown procedure.)"
658 msgstr "ファイル操作の際にパーフォーマンス向上のためにメモリへの<ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">データーのキャッシュ</ulink>がされる他の現代的なOSと同様に、Debianシステムでも電源を安全に切る前に適切なシャットダウン手順を取る必要があります。これはすべてのメモリー上の変更を強制的にディスクに書き出しすことで、ファイルの完全性を維持するためです。ソフトウエアーによる電源コントロールができる場合、シャットダウン手続きはシステムの電源を自動的に落とします。（これがうまくいかない時には、シャットダウン手続きの後で数秒間電源ボタンを押す必要があるかもしれません。）"
659
660 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
661 #: debian-reference.en.xml:418
662 msgid "Under the normal multiuser mode, use following from the root command prompt to shutdown the system:"
663 msgstr "通常のマルチユーザーモード下では、rootコマンドプロンプトから以下によってシステムのシャットダウンをします："
664
665 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
666 #: debian-reference.en.xml:420
667 #, no-wrap
668 msgid "# shutdown -h now"
669 msgstr "# shutdown -h now"
670
671 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
672 #: debian-reference.en.xml:421
673 msgid "Under the single-user mode, use following from the root command prompt to shutdown the system:"
674 msgstr "シングルユーザーモード下では、rootコマンドプロンプトから以下によってシステムのシャットダウンをします："
675
676 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
677 #: debian-reference.en.xml:423
678 #, no-wrap
679 msgid "# poweroff -i -f"
680 msgstr "# poweroff -i -f"
681
682 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
683 #: debian-reference.en.xml:424
684 msgid "Alternatively, you may type <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal> (The <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>, and the <literal>Delete</literal> are pressed together) to shutdown if \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" contains \"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\" in it. See <literal>inittab</literal>(5) for details."
685 msgstr "この他に、\"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\"に\"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\"と書かれていれば、<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal>（<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>と<literal>Delete</literal>の同時押し）を入力するシャットダウン方法もあります。"
686
687 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
688 #: debian-reference.en.xml:428
689 msgid "Recovering a sane console"
690 msgstr "まともなコンソールの回復"
691
692 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
693 #: debian-reference.en.xml:429
694 msgid "When the screen goes berserk after doing some funny things such as \"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\", type \"<literal>reset</literal>\" at the command prompt. You may not be able to see the command echoed as you type. You may also issue \"<literal>clear</literal>\" to clean up the screen."
695 msgstr "例えば\"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\"のような変な事をした後でスクリーンが無茶苦茶になった場合、コマンドプロンプトに\"<literal>reset</literal>\"と入力してください。このときコマンドを入力してもスクリーンには読み取れる表示がされないかもしれません。\"<literal>clear</literal>\"とすればスクリーンが消去できます。"
696
697 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
698 #: debian-reference.en.xml:433
699 msgid "Additional package suggestions for the newbie"
700 msgstr "初心者向け追加パッケージの提案"
701
702 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
703 #: debian-reference.en.xml:434
704 msgid "Although even the minimal installation of the Debian system without any desktop environment tasks provides the basic Unix functionality, it is a good idea to install few additional commandline and curses based character terminal packages such as <literal>mc</literal> and <literal>vim</literal> with <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) for beginners to get started. From the shell prompt as root:"
705 msgstr "Debianシステムのデスクトップ環境タスク抜き最小限インストレーションですら基本的Unix機能を提供しますが、コマンドラインやcursesに基づく<literal>mc</literal>や<literal>vim</literal>等のいくつかの文字ターミナルパッケージを<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を使ってインストールするのは初心者の最初の一歩として良いことです。"
706
707 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
708 #: debian-reference.en.xml:436
709 #, no-wrap
710 msgid ""
711 "# aptitude update\n"
712 "...\n"
713 "# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
714 "..."
715 msgstr ""
716 "# aptitude update\n"
717 "...\n"
718 "# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
719 "..."
720
721 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
722 #: debian-reference.en.xml:440
723 msgid "If you already had these packages installed, nothing will be installed."
724 msgstr "既にこれらのパッケージがインストールされている場合には何もインストールされません。"
725
726 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
727 #: debian-reference.en.xml:443
728 msgid "List of interesting text-mode program packages."
729 msgstr "興味あるテキストモードのプログラムパッケージのリスト。"
730
731 #: debian-reference.en.xml:452
732 #: debian-reference.en.xml:561
733 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1993
734 #: debian-reference.en.xml:4466
735 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8235
736 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8662
737 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9727
738 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9804
739 #: debian-reference.en.xml:10345
740 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13536
741 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13687
742 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13900
743 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14485
744 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14657
745 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14739
746 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14880
747 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15012
748 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15162
749 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15277
750 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15784
751 #: debian-reference.en.xml:16003
752 #: debian-reference.en.xml:16666
753 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17060
754 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17675
755 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18023
756 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18358
757 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18783
758 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19046
759 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19417
760 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19489
761 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19559
762 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19705
763 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20015
764 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20196
765 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20961
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767 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21339
768 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21765
769 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21944
770 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22318
771 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22605
772 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22874
773 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23244
774 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23680
775 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24102
776 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24255
777 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24307
778 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24533
779 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25041
780 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25460
781 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26593
782 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26865
783 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27357
784 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27547
785 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27933
786 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28044
787 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28145
788 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28321
789 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28391
790 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28544
791 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28830
792 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29003
793 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29092
794 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29224
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798 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31346
799 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31490
800 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31677
801 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31800
802 msgid "package"
803 msgstr "パッケージ"
804
805 #: debian-reference.en.xml:455
806 #: debian-reference.en.xml:564
807 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1996
808 #: debian-reference.en.xml:4469
809 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8238
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825 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15165
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827 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15787
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831 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17063
832 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17214
833 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17352
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835 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18026
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838 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19049
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840 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19492
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842 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20018
843 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20199
844 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20964
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846 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21768
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848 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22608
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851 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23683
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860 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27360
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862 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27936
863 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28047
864 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28148
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866 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28394
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875 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31349
876 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31493
877 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31680
878 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31803
879 msgid "popcon"
880 msgstr "popcon"
881
882 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
883 #: debian-reference.en.xml:458
884 #: debian-reference.en.xml:567
885 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1999
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896 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13693
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901 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14886
902 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15018
903 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15168
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915 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19423
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917 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19565
918 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19711
919 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20021
920 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20202
921 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20967
922 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21079
923 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21345
924 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21679
925 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21771
926 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21950
927 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22324
928 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22611
929 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22880
930 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23250
931 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23686
932 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24108
933 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24261
934 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24313
935 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24539
936 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25047
937 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25466
938 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26599
939 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26871
940 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27363
941 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27553
942 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27939
943 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28050
944 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28151
945 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28327
946 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28397
947 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28550
948 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28836
949 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29009
950 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29098
951 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29230
952 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29846
953 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29911
954 #: debian-reference.en.xml:30842
955 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31352
956 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31496
957 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31683
958 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31806
959 msgid "size"
960 msgstr "サイズ"
961
962 #: debian-reference.en.xml:461
963 #: debian-reference.en.xml:570
964 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2005
965 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2446
966 #: debian-reference.en.xml:3503
967 #: debian-reference.en.xml:3657
968 #: debian-reference.en.xml:4475
969 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5495
970 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5667
971 #: debian-reference.en.xml:7939
972 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8244
973 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8674
974 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9378
975 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9813
976 #: debian-reference.en.xml:10354
977 #: debian-reference.en.xml:12954
978 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13132
979 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13434
980 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13545
981 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13699
982 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14327
983 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14889
984 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15024
985 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15372
986 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15566
987 #: debian-reference.en.xml:16276
988 #: debian-reference.en.xml:16380
989 #: debian-reference.en.xml:16584
990 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17069
991 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17684
992 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18032
993 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18792
994 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19055
995 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19498
996 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19568
997 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19714
998 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20205
999 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20970
1000 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21082
1001 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21348
1002 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21774
1003 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21953
1004 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22327
1005 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23253
1006 #: debian-reference.en.xml:23689
1007 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24111
1008 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24264
1009 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24316
1010 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24647
1011 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24857
1012 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25050
1013 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26602
1014 #: debian-reference.en.xml:28400
1015 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31062
1016 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31355
1017 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31499
1018 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31686
1019 #: debian-reference.en.xml:31812
1020 msgid "description"
1021 msgstr "説明"
1022
1023 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1024 #: debian-reference.en.xml:467
1025 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mc\"> <literal>mc</literal> </ulink>"
1026 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mc\"> <literal>mc</literal> </ulink>"
1027
1028 #: debian-reference.en.xml:470
1029 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mc\">&pop-mc;</ulink>"
1030 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mc\">&pop-mc;</ulink>"
1031
1032 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1033 #: debian-reference.en.xml:471
1034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mc.html\">&size-mc;</ulink>"
1035 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mc.html\">&size-mc;</ulink>"
1036
1037 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1038 #: debian-reference.en.xml:473
1039 msgid "A text-mode full-screen file manager"
1040 msgstr "テキストモードの全画面ファイルマネージャー"
1041
1042 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1043 #: debian-reference.en.xml:477
1044 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sudo\"> <literal>sudo</literal> </ulink>"
1045 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sudo\"> <literal>sudo</literal> </ulink>"
1046
1047 #: debian-reference.en.xml:480
1048 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sudo\">&pop-sudo;</ulink>"
1049 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sudo\">&pop-sudo;</ulink>"
1050
1051 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1052 #: debian-reference.en.xml:481
1053 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sudo.html\">&size-sudo;</ulink>"
1054 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sudo.html\">&size-sudo;</ulink>"
1055
1056 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1057 #: debian-reference.en.xml:483
1058 msgid "A program to allow limited root privileges to users"
1059 msgstr "ユーザーに限定的なroot権限を与えるプログラム"
1060
1061 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1062 #: debian-reference.en.xml:487
1063 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25085
1064 #: debian-reference.en.xml:30150
1065 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim\"> <literal>vim</literal> </ulink>"
1066 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim\"> <literal>vim</literal> </ulink>"
1067
1068 #: debian-reference.en.xml:490
1069 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25088
1070 #: debian-reference.en.xml:30153
1071 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim\">&pop-vim;</ulink>"
1072 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim\">&pop-vim;</ulink>"
1073
1074 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1075 #: debian-reference.en.xml:491
1076 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25089
1077 #: debian-reference.en.xml:30154
1078 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim.html\">&size-vim;</ulink>"
1079 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim.html\">&size-vim;</ulink>"
1080
1081 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1082 #: debian-reference.en.xml:493
1083 msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (standard version)"
1084 msgstr "UnixテキストエディターVi IMproved（改良版Vi）、プログラマーのためのテキストエディター（標準版）"
1085
1086 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1087 #: debian-reference.en.xml:497
1088 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim-tiny\"> <literal>vim-tiny</literal> </ulink>"
1089 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim-tiny\"> <literal>vim-tiny</literal> </ulink>"
1090
1091 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1092 #: debian-reference.en.xml:500
1093 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim-tiny\">&pop-vimtiny;</ulink>"
1094 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim-tiny\">&pop-vimtiny;</ulink>"
1095
1096 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1097 #: debian-reference.en.xml:501
1098 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim-tiny.html\">&size-vimtiny;</ulink>"
1099 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim-tiny.html\">&size-vimtiny;</ulink>"
1100
1101 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1102 #: debian-reference.en.xml:503
1103 msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (compact version)"
1104 msgstr "UnixテキストエディターVi IMproved（改良版Vi）、プログラマーのためのテキストエディター（軽量版）"
1105
1106 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1107 #: debian-reference.en.xml:507
1108 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs21\"> <literal>emacs21</literal> </ulink>"
1109 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs21\"> <literal>emacs21</literal> </ulink>"
1110
1111 #: debian-reference.en.xml:510
1112 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs21\">&pop-emacscb;</ulink>"
1113 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs21\">&pop-emacscb;</ulink>"
1114
1115 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1116 #: debian-reference.en.xml:511
1117 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs21.html\">&size-emacscb;</ulink>"
1118 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs21.html\">&size-emacscb;</ulink>"
1119
1120 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1121 #: debian-reference.en.xml:513
1122 msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 21)"
1123 msgstr "GNUプロジェクトEmacs、Lispに基づく拡張可能なテキストエディター（21版）"
1124
1125 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1126 #: debian-reference.en.xml:517
1127 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs22\"> <literal>emacs22</literal> </ulink>"
1128 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs22\"> <literal>emacs22</literal> </ulink>"
1129
1130 #: debian-reference.en.xml:520
1131 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs22\">&pop-emacscc;</ulink>"
1132 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs22\">&pop-emacscc;</ulink>"
1133
1134 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1135 #: debian-reference.en.xml:521
1136 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs22.html\">&size-emacscc;</ulink>"
1137 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs22.html\">&size-emacscc;</ulink>"
1138
1139 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1140 #: debian-reference.en.xml:523
1141 msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 22)"
1142 msgstr "GNUプロジェクトEmacs、Lispに基づく拡張可能なテキストエディター（22版）"
1143
1144 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1145 #: debian-reference.en.xml:527
1146 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13601
1147 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27375
1148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/w3m\"> <literal>w3m</literal> </ulink>"
1149 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/w3m\"> <literal>w3m</literal> </ulink>"
1150
1151 #: debian-reference.en.xml:530
1152 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13604
1153 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27378
1154 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/w3m\">&pop-wdm;</ulink>"
1155 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/w3m\">&pop-wdm;</ulink>"
1156
1157 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1158 #: debian-reference.en.xml:531
1159 #: debian-reference.en.xml:13605
1160 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27379
1161 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/w3m.html\">&size-wdm;</ulink>"
1162 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/w3m.html\">&size-wdm;</ulink>"
1163
1164 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1165 #: debian-reference.en.xml:533
1166 msgid "Text-mode WWW browsers"
1167 msgstr "テキストモードWWWブラウザー"
1168
1169 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1170 #: debian-reference.en.xml:537
1171 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gpm\"> <literal>gpm</literal> </ulink>"
1172 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gpm\"> <literal>gpm</literal> </ulink>"
1173
1174 #: debian-reference.en.xml:540
1175 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gpm\">&pop-gpm;</ulink>"
1176 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gpm\">&pop-gpm;</ulink>"
1177
1178 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1179 #: debian-reference.en.xml:541
1180 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gpm.html\">&size-gpm;</ulink>"
1181 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gpm.html\">&size-gpm;</ulink>"
1182
1183 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1184 #: debian-reference.en.xml:543
1185 msgid "The Unix style cut-and-paste on the text console (daemon)"
1186 msgstr "テキストコンソール上のUnix式のカットアンドペースト（daemon）"
1187
1188 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1189 #: debian-reference.en.xml:549
1190 msgid "It may be a good idea to read some informative documentations."
1191 msgstr "いくつかの参考資料を読むのも良いことです。"
1192
1193 #: debian-reference.en.xml:552
1194 msgid "List of informative documentation packages."
1195 msgstr "有用なドキュメンテーションパッケージのリスト。"
1196
1197 #: debian-reference.en.xml:576
1198 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-debian\"> <literal>doc-debian</literal> </ulink>"
1199 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-debian\"> <literal>doc-debian</literal> </ulink>"
1200
1201 #: debian-reference.en.xml:579
1202 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-debian\">&pop-docdebian;</ulink>"
1203 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-debian\">&pop-docdebian;</ulink>"
1204
1205 #: debian-reference.en.xml:580
1206 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-debian.html\">&size-docdebian;</ulink>"
1207 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-debian.html\">&size-docdebian;</ulink>"
1208
1209 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1210 #: debian-reference.en.xml:582
1211 msgid "Debian Project documentation, (Debian FAQ) and other documents"
1212 msgstr "Debianプロジェクトの文書、（Debian FAQ）他"
1213
1214 #: debian-reference.en.xml:586
1215 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-policy\"> <literal>debian-policy</literal> </ulink>"
1216 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-policy\"> <literal>debian-policy</literal> </ulink>"
1217
1218 #: debian-reference.en.xml:589
1219 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\">&pop-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
1220 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\">&pop-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
1221
1222 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1223 #: debian-reference.en.xml:590
1224 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-policy.html\">&size-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
1225 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-policy.html\">&size-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
1226
1227 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1228 #: debian-reference.en.xml:592
1229 msgid "Debian Policy Manual and related documents"
1230 msgstr "Debianポリシーマニュアルと関連文書"
1231
1232 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1233 #: debian-reference.en.xml:596
1234 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/developers-reference\"> <literal>developers-reference</literal> </ulink>"
1235 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/developers-reference\"> <literal>developers-reference</literal> </ulink>"
1236
1237 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1238 #: debian-reference.en.xml:599
1239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/developers-reference\">&pop-developersreference;</ulink>"
1240 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/developers-reference\">&pop-developersreference;</ulink>"
1241
1242 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1243 #: debian-reference.en.xml:600
1244 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/developers-reference.html\">&size-developersreference;</ulink>"
1245 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/developers-reference.html\">&size-developersreference;</ulink>"
1246
1247 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1248 #: debian-reference.en.xml:602
1249 msgid "Guidelines and information for Debian developers"
1250 msgstr "Debian開発者のためのガイドラインと情報"
1251
1252 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1253 #: debian-reference.en.xml:606
1254 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maint-guide\"> <literal>maint-guide</literal> </ulink>"
1255 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maint-guide\"> <literal>maint-guide</literal> </ulink>"
1256
1257 #: debian-reference.en.xml:609
1258 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maint-guide\">&pop-maintguide;</ulink>"
1259 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maint-guide\">&pop-maintguide;</ulink>"
1260
1261 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1262 #: debian-reference.en.xml:610
1263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maint-guide.html\">&size-maintguide;</ulink>"
1264 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maint-guide.html\">&size-maintguide;</ulink>"
1265
1266 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1267 #: debian-reference.en.xml:612
1268 msgid "Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
1269 msgstr "Debian新メンテナ向けガイド"
1270
1271 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1272 #: debian-reference.en.xml:616
1273 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-history\"> <literal>debian-history</literal> </ulink>"
1274 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-history\"> <literal>debian-history</literal> </ulink>"
1275
1276 #: debian-reference.en.xml:619
1277 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-history\">&pop-debianhistory;</ulink>"
1278 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-history\">&pop-debianhistory;</ulink>"
1279
1280 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1281 #: debian-reference.en.xml:620
1282 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-history.html\">&size-debianhistory;</ulink>"
1283 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-history.html\">&size-debianhistory;</ulink>"
1284
1285 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1286 #: debian-reference.en.xml:622
1287 msgid "History of the Debian Project"
1288 msgstr "Debianプロジェクトの歴史"
1289
1290 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1291 #: debian-reference.en.xml:626
1292 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-faq\"> <literal>debian-faq</literal> </ulink>"
1293 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-faq\"> <literal>debian-faq</literal> </ulink>"
1294
1295 #: debian-reference.en.xml:629
1296 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq\">&pop-debianfaq;</ulink>"
1297 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq\">&pop-debianfaq;</ulink>"
1298
1299 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1300 #: debian-reference.en.xml:630
1301 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-faq.html\">&size-debianfaq;</ulink>"
1302 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-faq.html\">&size-debianfaq;</ulink>"
1303
1304 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1305 #: debian-reference.en.xml:632
1306 msgid "Debian FAQ"
1307 msgstr "Debian FAQ（よくある質問集）"
1308
1309 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1310 #: debian-reference.en.xml:636
1311 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-text\"> <literal>doc-linux-text</literal> </ulink>"
1312 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-text\"> <literal>doc-linux-text</literal> </ulink>"
1313
1314 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1315 #: debian-reference.en.xml:639
1316 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-text\">&pop-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
1317 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-text\">&pop-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
1318
1319 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1320 #: debian-reference.en.xml:640
1321 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-text.html\">&size-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
1322 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-text.html\">&size-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
1323
1324 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1325 #: debian-reference.en.xml:642
1326 msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (text)"
1327 msgstr "Linux HOWTOとFAQ（テキスト版）"
1328
1329 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1330 #: debian-reference.en.xml:646
1331 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-html\"> <literal>doc-linux-html</literal> </ulink>"
1332 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-html\"> <literal>doc-linux-html</literal> </ulink>"
1333
1334 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1335 #: debian-reference.en.xml:649
1336 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-html\">&pop-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
1337 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-html\">&pop-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
1338
1339 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1340 #: debian-reference.en.xml:650
1341 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-html.html\">&size-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
1342 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-html.html\">&size-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
1343
1344 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1345 #: debian-reference.en.xml:652
1346 msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (html)"
1347 msgstr "Linux HOWTOとFAQ（HTML版）"
1348
1349 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1350 #: debian-reference.en.xml:656
1351 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sysadmin-guide\"> <literal>sysadmin-guide</literal> </ulink>"
1352 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sysadmin-guide\"> <literal>sysadmin-guide</literal> </ulink>"
1353
1354 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1355 #: debian-reference.en.xml:659
1356 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sysadmin-guide\">&pop-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
1357 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sysadmin-guide\">&pop-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
1358
1359 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1360 #: debian-reference.en.xml:660
1361 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sysadmin-guide.html\">&size-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
1362 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sysadmin-guide.html\">&size-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
1363
1364 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1365 #: debian-reference.en.xml:662
1366 msgid "The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
1367 msgstr "Linuxシステム管理者ガイド"
1368
1369 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1370 #: debian-reference.en.xml:666
1371 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rutebook\"> <literal>rutebook</literal> </ulink>"
1372 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rutebook\"> <literal>rutebook</literal> </ulink>"
1373
1374 #: debian-reference.en.xml:669
1375 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rutebook\">&pop-rutebook;</ulink>"
1376 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rutebook\">&pop-rutebook;</ulink>"
1377
1378 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1379 #: debian-reference.en.xml:670
1380 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rutebook.html\">&size-rutebook;</ulink>"
1381 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rutebook.html\">&size-rutebook;</ulink>"
1382
1383 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1384 #: debian-reference.en.xml:672
1385 msgid "Linux: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition (non-free)"
1386 msgstr "Linux: Ruteユーザーのためのチュートリアルと解説書(non-free)"
1387
1388 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1389 #: debian-reference.en.xml:678
1390 msgid "You can install some of these packages by issuing the following command from the root shell prompt:"
1391 msgstr "これらのパッケージはrootのシェルプロンプトから以下のコマンドを発行すればインストールできます。"
1392
1393 #: debian-reference.en.xml:680
1394 #, no-wrap
1395 msgid "# aptitude install package_name"
1396 msgstr "# aptitude install package_name"
1397
1398 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
1399 #: debian-reference.en.xml:683
1400 msgid "An extra user account"
1401 msgstr "追加のユーザーアカウント"
1402
1403 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1404 #: debian-reference.en.xml:684
1405 msgid "If you do not want to use your main user account for the following training activities, you can create a training user account, e.g. <literal>fish</literal>. Type at root shell prompt:"
1406 msgstr "以下の練習のためにあなたのメインのユーザーアカウントを使いたくない場合には、例えば<literal>fish</literal>という追加のユーザーアカウントを作成できます。rootシェルプロンプトで以下のように入力します。"
1407
1408 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
1409 #: debian-reference.en.xml:686
1410 #, no-wrap
1411 msgid "# adduser fish"
1412 msgstr "# adduser fish"
1413
1414 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1415 #: debian-reference.en.xml:690
1416 msgid "answer all the questions"
1417 msgstr "すべての質問に返事をする"
1418
1419 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1420 #: debian-reference.en.xml:694
1421 msgid "This will create a new account named as <literal>fish</literal>. After your practice, you can remove this user account and its home directory by:"
1422 msgstr "こうすることで<literal>fish</literal>という名前の新しいアカウントが作られます。練習の後で、このユーザーとそのホームディレクトリーは以下のようのすれば削除できます："
1423
1424 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
1425 #: debian-reference.en.xml:696
1426 #, no-wrap
1427 msgid "# deluser --remove-home fish"
1428 msgstr "# deluser --remove-home fish"
1429
1430 #: debian-reference.en.xml:699
1431 msgid "sudo configuration"
1432 msgstr "sudoの設定"
1433
1434 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1435 #: debian-reference.en.xml:700
1436 msgid "For the typical single user workstation such as the desktop Debian system on the laptop PC, it is common to deploy simple configuration of <literal>sudo</literal>(8) as follows to let the non-privileged user, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege just with his user password (not with the root password)."
1437 msgstr "ラップトップPC上のデスクトップのDebianシステム等のような典型的単一ユーザーワークステーションでは以下のような単純な<literal>sudo</literal>(8)の設定をして、非特権ユーザー（例えば<literal>penguin</literal>）に管理者権限を（rootパスワードではなく）ユーザー自身のパスワードで与えることがよくあります。"
1438
1439 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
1440 #: debian-reference.en.xml:702
1441 #, no-wrap
1442 msgid "# echo \"penguin ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
1443 msgstr "# echo \"penguin ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
1444
1445 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1446 #: debian-reference.en.xml:703
1447 msgid "This trick should only be used for the single user workstation which you administer and where you are the only user."
1448 msgstr "このトリックの使用は、単一ユーザーワークステーション上であなた自身が管理者でユーザーである際のみに限るべきです。"
1449
1450 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
1451 #: debian-reference.en.xml:705
1452 msgid "Do not set up accounts of regular users on multiuser workstation like this because it would be very bad for system security."
1453 msgstr "システムセキュリティー上非常に悪い事態を招くので、マルチユーザーワークステーション上の通常ユーザーアカウントに対してこの様な設定をしてはいけません。"
1454
1455 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
1456 #: debian-reference.en.xml:706
1457 msgid "The password and the account of the <literal>penguin</literal> in the above example requires as much protection as the root password and the root account."
1458 msgstr "上記例のような<literal>penguin</literal>のパスワードとアカウントはrootパスワードやrootアカウント同様の保護が必要です。"
1459
1460 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
1461 #: debian-reference.en.xml:707
1462 msgid "Administrative privilege in this context belongs to someone authorized to perform the system administration task on the workstation. Never give some manager in the Admin department of your company or your boss such privilege unless they are authorized and capable."
1463 msgstr "この文脈上の管理者権限とはワークステーションに関するシステム管理業務をする権限を与えられた人に属します。そのような権限と能力を持っていければ、あなたの会社の管理部門の管理職や上司とはいえこのような監督者権限を与えてはいけません。"
1464
1465 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
1466 #: debian-reference.en.xml:708
1467 msgid "For providing access privilege to limited devices and limited files, you should consider to use <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> to provide limited access instead of using the <literal>root</literal> privilege via <literal>sudo</literal>(8)."
1468 msgstr "特定デバイスや特定ファイルへのアクセスの権限を与えるには、<literal>sudo</literal>(8)をつかって得た<literal>root</literal>権限を用いるのではなく、<emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>を使って限定的アクセス与えることを考えるべきです。"
1469
1470 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
1471 #: debian-reference.en.xml:709
1472 msgid "With more thoughtful and careful configuration, <literal>sudo</literal>(8) can grant limited administrative privileges to other users on a shared system without sharing the root password. This can help with accountability with hosts with multiple administrators so you can tell who did what. On the other hand, you might not want anyone else to have such privileges."
1473 msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>(8)を使ってもう少し工夫された注意深い設定をすれば、共有システム上の他のユーザーにrootパスワードを教えること無く限定的管理権限を許可することができます。こうすることは、誰が何をしたかを明らかにするので、複数の管理者がいるホストにおける責任の所在を明らかにします。ただ、誰にもそんな権限を与えたく無いかもしれません。"
1474
1475 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
1476 #: debian-reference.en.xml:712
1477 msgid "Play time"
1478 msgstr "お遊びの時間"
1479
1480 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1481 #: debian-reference.en.xml:713
1482 msgid "Now you are ready to play with the Debian system without risks as long as you use the non-privileged user account."
1483 msgstr "非特権ユーザーアカウントを使う限り全くリスク無くDebianシステムでお遊びをする準備万端です。"
1484
1485 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1486 #: debian-reference.en.xml:715
1487 msgid "This is because the Debian system is, even after the default installation, configured with proper file permissions which prevent non-privileged users from damaging the system. Of course, there may still be some holes which can be exploited but those who worry about these issues should not be reading this section but should be reading <ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
1488 msgstr "何故なら、たとえデフォルトのインストール後ですらDebianシステムは非特権ユーザーがシステムに損害を与えられないように的確なファイルパーミッションが設定されているからです。もちろん、悪用可能な穴がまだあるかもしれません。でもこんな問題まで心配する人は、このセクションを読むべきではなく、<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>を読むべきです。"
1489
1490 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1491 #: debian-reference.en.xml:717
1492 msgid "We will learn the Debian system as a <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system with:"
1493 msgstr "Debianシステムを<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>システムとして以下で学びましょう："
1494
1495 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1496 #: debian-reference.en.xml:722
1497 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (basic concept),"
1498 msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/>（基本コンセプト）。"
1499
1500 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1501 #: debian-reference.en.xml:727
1502 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (survival method),"
1503 msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/>（サバイバル手法）。"
1504
1505 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1506 #: debian-reference.en.xml:732
1507 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (basic method),"
1508 msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/>（基本手法）。"
1509
1510 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1511 #: debian-reference.en.xml:737
1512 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell mechanism), and"
1513 msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/>（シェルのメカニズム）。"
1514
1515 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1516 #: debian-reference.en.xml:742
1517 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (text processing method)."
1518 msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/>（文字処理手法）。"
1519
1520 #: debian-reference.en.xml:749
1521 msgid "Unix-like filesystem"
1522 msgstr "Unix-likeファイルシステム"
1523
1524 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
1525 #: debian-reference.en.xml:750
1526 msgid "In GNU/Linux and other <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> operating systems, <ulink url=\"&files;\">files</ulink> are organized into <ulink url=\"&directories;\">directories</ulink>. All files and directories are arranged in one big tree rooted at \"<literal>/</literal>\". It's called a tree because if you draw the file system, it looks like a tree (upside down)."
1527 msgstr "GNU/Linuxや他の<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>オペレーティングシステムでは、<ulink url=\"&files;\">ファイル</ulink>は<ulink url=\"&directories;\">ディレクトリ</ulink>に整理されています。すべてのファイルやディレクトリは、\"<literal>/</literal>\"を根（root）に持つ一本の大きな木（ツリー）のようにアレンジされています。"
1528
1529 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
1530 #: debian-reference.en.xml:752
1531 msgid "These files and directories can be spread out over several devices. <literal>mount</literal>(8) serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree. Conversely, <literal>umount</literal>(8) will detach it again. On recent Linux kernels, <literal>mount</literal>(8) with some options can bind part of a file tree somewhere else or can mount filesystem as shared, private, slave, or unbindable. Supported mount options for each filesystem are available in \"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"."
1532 msgstr "この様なファイルやディレクトリはいくつかのデバイスにまたがって分散していてもかまいません。あるデバイス上にあるファイルシステムを大きなファイルツリーにマウントするのに<literal>mount</literal>(8)が使われます。その逆に、それを切り離すのに<literal>umount</literal>(8)が使われます。最近のLinuxカーネルでは、<literal>mount</literal>(8)をオプションとともに用いると、ファイルツリーの一部を別のところと結びつけたり、共有・非共有・従属・バインド不可としてファイルシステムをマウントもできます。各ファイルシステムごとの使用可能なマウントオプションは\"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"にあります。"
1533
1534 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
1535 #: debian-reference.en.xml:754
1536 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Directories</emphasis> on Unix systems are called <emphasis role=\"strong\">folders</emphasis> on some other systems. Please also note that there is no concept for <emphasis role=\"strong\">drive</emphasis> such as \"<literal>A:</literal>\" on any Unix system. There is one file system, and everything is included. This is a huge advantage compared to Windows."
1537 msgstr "Unixシステム上の<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリ</emphasis>は、一部の他システム上では<emphasis role=\"strong\">フォルダ</emphasis>と呼ばれます。Unixシステム上では\"<literal>A:</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">ドライブ</emphasis>というコンセプトが無いこと覚えておいてください。単一のファイルシステムがあって、そこにすべてが含まれています。これはWindowsと比べた際の大きな利点です。"
1538
1539 #: debian-reference.en.xml:757
1540 msgid "Unix file basics"
1541 msgstr "Unixファイルの基礎"
1542
1543 #: debian-reference.en.xml:758
1544 msgid "Here are Unix file basics:"
1545 msgstr "Unixファイルの基礎は以下です："
1546
1547 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1548 #: debian-reference.en.xml:763
1549 msgid "Filenames are <emphasis role=\"strong\">case sensitive</emphasis>. That is, \"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" and \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" are different files."
1550 msgstr "ファイル名は<emphasis role=\"strong\">大文字小文字の区別</emphasis>があります。\"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\"と\"<literal>MyFile</literal>\"は異なるファイルです。"
1551
1552 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1553 #: debian-reference.en.xml:768
1554 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">root directory</emphasis> means root of the filesystem referred as simply \"<literal>/</literal>\". Don't confuse this with the home directory for the root user: \"<literal>/root</literal>\"."
1555 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">rootディレクトリ</emphasis>はフィルシステムの根を意味して、単に\"<literal>/</literal>\"と記載されます。これをrootユーザーのhomeディレクトリである\"<literal>/root</literal>\"と混同しないようにしてください。"
1556
1557 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1558 #: debian-reference.en.xml:773
1559 msgid "Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols <emphasis role=\"strong\">except \"<literal>/</literal>\"</emphasis>. The root directory is an exception; its name is \"<literal>/</literal>\" (pronounced \"slash\" or \"the root directory\") and it cannot be renamed."
1560 msgstr "全てのディレクトリには<emphasis role=\"strong\">\"<literal>/</literal>\"以外</emphasis>の文字・記号からなる名前がついています。rootディレクトリは例外で、その名前は\"<literal>/</literal>\"（\"スラッシュ\"とか\"rootディレクトリ\"と読まれます）でその名前を変えることはできません。"
1561
1562 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1563 #: debian-reference.en.xml:778
1564 msgid "Each file or directory is designated by a <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">absolute filename</emphasis>, or <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>, giving the sequence of directories which must be passed through to reach it. The three terms are synonymous."
1565 msgstr "各ファイルやディレクトリは、たどっていくとファイルに到達するディレクトリの列付きの、<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全に記述したファイル名</emphasis>とか<emphasis role=\"strong\">絶対ファイル名</emphasis>とか<emphasis role=\"strong\">パス</emphasis>により指定されます。これらの３つの表現は同義語です。"
1566
1567 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1568 #: debian-reference.en.xml:783
1569 #, fuzzy
1570 msgid "All <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filenames</emphasis> begin with the \"<literal>/</literal>\" directory, and there's a \"<literal>/</literal>\" between each directory or file in the filename. The first \"<literal>/</literal>\" is the top level directory, and the other \"<literal>/</literal>\"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file. The words used here can be confusing. Take the following <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as an example: \"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>\". However, people will also refer to its basename \"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\" alone as a filename."
1571 msgstr ""
1572
1573 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1574 #: debian-reference.en.xml:788
1575 msgid "The root directory has a number of branches, such as \"<literal>/etc/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/</literal>\". These subdirectories in turn branch into still more subdirectories, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\". The whole thing viewed collectively is called the <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory tree</emphasis>. You can think of an absolute filename as a route from the base of the tree (\"<literal>/</literal>\") to the end of some branch (a file). You will also hear people talk about the directory tree as if it were a <emphasis role=\"strong\">family</emphasis> tree: thus subdirectories have <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis>, and a path shows the complete ancestry of a file. There are also relative paths that begin somewhere other than the root directory. You should remember that the directory \"<literal>../</literal>\" refers to the parent directory. This also applies to other directory like structures, such as data structures or other tree hierarchical organized entities."
1576 msgstr ""
1577
1578 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1579 #: debian-reference.en.xml:793
1580 msgid "There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a physical device, such as your hard disk. This differs from <ulink url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&microsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, where the path contains a device name such as \"<literal>C:\\</literal>\". (However, directory entries do exist that refer to physical devices as a part of the normal filesystem. See <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>.)"
1581 msgstr ""
1582
1583 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
1584 #: debian-reference.en.xml:797
1585 msgid "While you <emphasis role=\"strong\">can</emphasis> use almost any letters or symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so. It is better to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: <literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / &gt; &lt; | ; ! # &amp; ^ * % @ $</literal> . If you want to separate words in a name, good choices are the period, hyphen, and underscore. You could also capitalize each word, \"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". Experienced Linux users tend to avoid spaces in filenames."
1586 msgstr ""
1587
1588 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
1589 #: debian-reference.en.xml:798
1590 msgid "The word \"root\" can mean either \"root user\" or \"root directory\". The context of their usage should make it clear."
1591 msgstr ""
1592
1593 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
1594 #: debian-reference.en.xml:799
1595 msgid "The word <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis> is used not only for <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as above but also for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">command search path</emphasis>. The intended meaning is usually clear from the context."
1596 msgstr ""
1597
1598 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1599 #: debian-reference.en.xml:800
1600 msgid "The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" and <literal>hier</literal>(7)). You should remember the following facts as the starter:"
1601 msgstr ""
1602
1603 #: debian-reference.en.xml:803
1604 msgid "List of usage of key directories."
1605 msgstr "キーディレクトリーの使い方のリスト。"
1606
1607 #: debian-reference.en.xml:810
1608 #: debian-reference.en.xml:997
1609 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8932
1610 msgid "directory"
1611 msgstr "ディレクトリー"
1612
1613 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
1614 #: debian-reference.en.xml:813
1615 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1173
1616 #: debian-reference.en.xml:27007
1617 msgid "usage"
1618 msgstr "使い方"
1619
1620 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1621 #: debian-reference.en.xml:820
1622 #: debian-reference.en.xml:3279
1623 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5856
1624 msgid "<literal>/</literal>"
1625 msgstr "<literal>/</literal>"
1626
1627 #: debian-reference.en.xml:823
1628 msgid "A simple \"<literal>/</literal>\" represents the root directory."
1629 msgstr "\"<literal>/</literal>\"だけだとrootディレクトリを表します。"
1630
1631 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1632 #: debian-reference.en.xml:828
1633 msgid "<literal>/etc/</literal>"
1634 msgstr "<literal>/etc/</literal>"
1635
1636 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1637 #: debian-reference.en.xml:831
1638 msgid "This is the place for the system wide configuration files."
1639 msgstr ""
1640
1641 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1642 #: debian-reference.en.xml:836
1643 msgid "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"
1644 msgstr "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"
1645
1646 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1647 #: debian-reference.en.xml:839
1648 msgid "This is the place for the system log files."
1649 msgstr ""
1650
1651 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1652 #: debian-reference.en.xml:844
1653 msgid "<literal>/home/</literal>"
1654 msgstr "<literal>/home/</literal>"
1655
1656 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1657 #: debian-reference.en.xml:847
1658 msgid "This is the directory which contains all the home directories for all non-privileged users."
1659 msgstr ""
1660
1661 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
1662 #: debian-reference.en.xml:855
1663 msgid "Filesystem internals"
1664 msgstr "ファイルシステムの内側"
1665
1666 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1667 #: debian-reference.en.xml:856
1668 msgid "Following the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix tradition</emphasis>, the Debian GNU/Linux system provides the <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</ulink> under which physical data on harddisks and other storage devices reside, and the interaction with the hardware devices such as console screens and remote serial consoles are represented in an unified manner under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"."
1669 msgstr ""
1670
1671 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1672 #: debian-reference.en.xml:858
1673 msgid "Each file, directory, named pipe (a way two programs can share data), or physical device on a Debian GNU/Linux system has a data structure called an <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> which describes its associated attributes such as the user who owns it (owner), the group that it belongs to, the time last accessed, etc. If you are really interested, see \"<literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal>\" for the exact definition of \"<literal>struct inode</literal>\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system. The idea of representing just about everything in the file system was a Unix innovation, and modern Linux kernels have developed this idea ever further. Now, even information about processes running in the computer can be found in the file system."
1674 msgstr ""
1675
1676 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1677 #: debian-reference.en.xml:860
1678 msgid "This abstract and unified representation of physical entities and internal processes is very powerful since this allows us to use the same command for the same kind of operation on many totally different devices. It is even possible to change the way the kernel works by writing data to special files that are linked to running processes."
1679 msgstr ""
1680
1681 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
1682 #: debian-reference.en.xml:862
1683 msgid "If you need to identify the correspondence between the file tree and the physical entity, execute <literal>mount</literal>(8) with no arguments."
1684 msgstr ""
1685
1686 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
1687 #: debian-reference.en.xml:865
1688 msgid "Filesystem permissions"
1689 msgstr "ファイルシステムのパーミッション"
1690
1691 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1692 #: debian-reference.en.xml:866
1693 msgid "<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">Filesystem permissions</ulink> of <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system are defined for three categories of affected users:"
1694 msgstr ""
1695
1696 #: debian-reference.en.xml:871
1697 msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>),"
1698 msgstr "ファイルを所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザー(user)</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>)と、"
1699
1700 #: debian-reference.en.xml:876
1701 msgid "other users in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>), and"
1702 msgstr "ファイルが所属する<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ(group)</emphasis>中の他ユーザー(<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>)と、"
1703
1704 #: debian-reference.en.xml:881
1705 msgid "all <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis> users (<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>) also referred to as \"world\" and \"everyone\"."
1706 msgstr "\"世界\"や\"全員\"とも呼ばれる、全<emphasis role=\"strong\">他ユーザー(other)</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>)。選ばれたパッケージの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダウンロード</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis>を開始する。"
1707
1708 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1709 #: debian-reference.en.xml:885
1710 msgid "For the file, each corresponding permission allows:"
1711 msgstr ""
1712
1713 #: debian-reference.en.xml:890
1714 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): to examine contents of the file,"
1715 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): ファイル内容確認と、"
1716
1717 #: debian-reference.en.xml:895
1718 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): to modify the file, and"
1719 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): ファイル内容変更と、"
1720
1721 #: debian-reference.en.xml:900
1722 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): to run the file as a command."
1723 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): ファイルをコマンドとして実行。"
1724
1725 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1726 #: debian-reference.en.xml:904
1727 msgid "For the directory, each corresponding permission allows:"
1728 msgstr ""
1729
1730 #: debian-reference.en.xml:909
1731 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): to list contents of the directory,"
1732 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): ディレクトリー内容リストと、"
1733
1734 #: debian-reference.en.xml:914
1735 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): to add or remove files in the directory, and"
1736 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): ディレクトリーへのファイルの追加削除と、"
1737
1738 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1739 #: debian-reference.en.xml:919
1740 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): to access files in the directory. Here, the <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> permission on a directory means not only to allow reading of files in that directory but also to allow viewing their attributes, such as the size and the modification time."
1741 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): ディレクトリー内のファイルへのアクセス。ここで、ディレクトリーに関する<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis>許可とはディレクトリー内のファイルへの読みを許可するのみならず、サイズや変更時間のようなアトリビュート閲覧を許可します。"
1742
1743 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1744 #: debian-reference.en.xml:924
1745 msgid "<literal>ls</literal>(1) is used to display permission information (and more) for files and directories. When it is invoked with the \"<literal>-l</literal>\" option, it displays the following information in the order given:"
1746 msgstr ""
1747
1748 #: debian-reference.en.xml:929
1749 msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">type of file</emphasis> (first character)"
1750 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイルのタイプ</emphasis>（最初の文字）"
1751
1752 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1753 #: debian-reference.en.xml:934
1754 msgid "the access <emphasis role=\"strong\">permission</emphasis> of the file (nine characters, consisting of three characters each for user, group, and other in this order)"
1755 msgstr ""
1756
1757 #: debian-reference.en.xml:939
1758 msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">number of hard links</emphasis> to the file"
1759 msgstr "ファイルへの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ハードリンク数</emphasis>"
1760
1761 #: debian-reference.en.xml:944
1762 msgid "the name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file"
1763 msgstr "ファイルを所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユ-ザー(user)</emphasis>の名前"
1764
1765 #: debian-reference.en.xml:949
1766 msgid "the name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to"
1767 msgstr "ファイルが所属する<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ(group)</emphasis>"
1768
1769 #: debian-reference.en.xml:954
1770 msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">size</emphasis> of the file in characters (bytes)"
1771 msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">サイズ</emphasis>(文字数、バイト)"
1772
1773 #: debian-reference.en.xml:959
1774 msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">date and time</emphasis> of the file (mtime)"
1775 msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">日時</emphasis>(mtime)"
1776
1777 #: debian-reference.en.xml:964
1778 msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">name</emphasis> of the file."
1779 msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">名前</emphasis>。"
1780
1781 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
1782 #: debian-reference.en.xml:969
1783 msgid "List of the first character of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output"
1784 msgstr ""
1785
1786 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
1787 #: debian-reference.en.xml:976
1788 #: debian-reference.en.xml:4103
1789 msgid "character"
1790 msgstr "文字"
1791
1792 #: debian-reference.en.xml:979
1793 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1105
1794 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1376
1795 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1526
1796 #: debian-reference.en.xml:3035
1797 #: debian-reference.en.xml:4106
1798 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5160
1799 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8837
1800 #: debian-reference.en.xml:8935
1801 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9200
1802 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9495
1803 #: debian-reference.en.xml:11476
1804 #: debian-reference.en.xml:11908
1805 #: debian-reference.en.xml:12077
1806 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18895
1807 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26236
1808 msgid "meaning"
1809 msgstr "意味"
1810
1811 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1812 #: debian-reference.en.xml:986
1813 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5776
1814 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24771
1815 msgid "<literal>-</literal>"
1816 msgstr "<literal>-</literal>"
1817
1818 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1819 #: debian-reference.en.xml:989
1820 msgid "normal file"
1821 msgstr "通常ファイル"
1822
1823 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1824 #: debian-reference.en.xml:994
1825 msgid "<literal>d</literal>"
1826 msgstr "<literal>d</literal>"
1827
1828 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1829 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1002
1830 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5848
1831 msgid "<literal>l</literal>"
1832 msgstr "<literal>l</literal>"
1833
1834 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1835 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1005
1836 msgid "symlink"
1837 msgstr "シムリンク"
1838
1839 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1840 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1010
1841 #: debian-reference.en.xml:3926
1842 #: debian-reference.en.xml:3929
1843 msgid "<literal>c</literal>"
1844 msgstr "<literal>c</literal>"
1845
1846 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1847 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1013
1848 msgid "character device node"
1849 msgstr "文字デバイス名"
1850
1851 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1852 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1018
1853 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20915
1854 msgid "<literal>b</literal>"
1855 msgstr "<literal>b</literal>"
1856
1857 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1858 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1021
1859 msgid "block device node"
1860 msgstr "ブロックデバイス名"
1861
1862 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1863 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1026
1864 msgid "<literal>p</literal>"
1865 msgstr "<literal>p</literal>"
1866
1867 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1868 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1029
1869 msgid "named pipe"
1870 msgstr "名前付きパイプ"
1871
1872 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1873 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1034
1874 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20899
1875 msgid "<literal>s</literal>"
1876 msgstr "<literal>s</literal>"
1877
1878 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1879 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1037
1880 msgid "socket"
1881 msgstr "ソケット"
1882
1883 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1884 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1043
1885 msgid "<literal>chown</literal>(1) is used from the root account to change the owner of the file. <literal>chgrp</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change the group of the file. <literal>chmod</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change file and directory access permissions. Basic syntax to manipulate a <literal>foo</literal> file is:"
1886 msgstr ""
1887
1888 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
1889 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1045
1890 #, no-wrap
1891 msgid ""
1892 "# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
1893 "# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
1894 "# chmod [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"
1895 msgstr ""
1896
1897 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1898 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1048
1899 msgid "For example, in order to make a directory tree to be owned by a user <literal>foo</literal> and shared by a group <literal>bar</literal>, issue the following commands from the root account:"
1900 msgstr ""
1901
1902 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
1903 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1050
1904 #, no-wrap
1905 msgid ""
1906 "# cd /some/location/\n"
1907 "# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
1908 "# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."
1909 msgstr ""
1910
1911 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1912 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1053
1913 msgid "There are three more special permission bits:"
1914 msgstr ""
1915
1916 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1058
1917 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of user's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>),"
1918 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザーID</emphasis> (ユーザーの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>)、"
1919
1920 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1921 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1063
1922 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of group's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>), and"
1923 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis> (グループの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>)、"
1924
1925 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
1926 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1068
1927 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> instead of other's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>). Here the output of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" for these bits is <emphasis role=\"strong\">capitalized</emphasis> if execution bits hidden by these outputs are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unset</emphasis>."
1928 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティキービット</emphasis> (他ユーザーの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis>)。ここで、これらのビットの\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"のアウトプットはこれらの出力によってかくされた実行ビットが<emphasis role=\"strong\">非設定(unset)</emphasis>の場合<emphasis role=\"strong\">大文字</emphasis>となります。"
1929
1930 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1931 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1073
1932 msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the owner ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>). Similarly, setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the group ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>). Because these settings can cause security risks, enabling them requires extra caution."
1933 msgstr ""
1934
1935 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1936 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1075
1937 msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on a directory enables the <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD-like</ulink> file creation scheme where all files created in the directory belong to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> of the directory."
1938 msgstr ""
1939
1940 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1941 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1077
1942 msgid "Setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on a directory prevents a file in the directory from being removed by a user who is not the owner of the file. In order to secure the contents of a file in world-writable directories such as \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" or in group-writable directories, one must not only reset the <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> permission for the file but also set the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on the directory. Otherwise, the file can be removed and a new file can be created with the same name by any user who has write access to the directory."
1943 msgstr ""
1944
1945 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1079
1946 msgid "Here are a few interesting examples of file permissions."
1947 msgstr "ファイルパーミッションの興味ある例を以下にいくつか示します。"
1948
1949 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
1950 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1081
1951 #, no-wrap
1952 msgid ""
1953 "$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
1954 "crw------- 1 root root 108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n"
1955 "-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n"
1956 "-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n"
1957 "-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
1958 "$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
1959 "drwxrwxrwt 10 root root 4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n"
1960 "drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n"
1961 "drwxrwsr-x 4 root src 4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n"
1962 "drwxrwsr-x 2 root mail 4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n"
1963 "drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp"
1964 msgstr ""
1965
1966 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
1967 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1092
1968 msgid "There is an alternative numeric mode to describe file permissions with <literal>chmod</literal>(1). This numeric mode uses 3 to 4 digit wide octal (radix=8) numbers."
1969 msgstr ""
1970
1971 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
1972 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1095
1973 msgid "The numeric mode for file permissions in <literal>chmod</literal>(1) commands."
1974 msgstr ""
1975
1976 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
1977 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1102
1978 msgid "digit"
1979 msgstr "数字"
1980
1981 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1112
1982 msgid "1st optional digit"
1983 msgstr "１桁目(オプション)"
1984
1985 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1115
1986 msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)"
1987 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザーID</emphasis> (=4)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis> (=2)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティキービット</emphasis> (=1)の和"
1988
1989 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1990 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1120
1991 msgid "2nd digit"
1992 msgstr "２桁目"
1993
1994 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
1995 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1123
1996 msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (=1) permissions for <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis>"
1997 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザー</emphasis>に関して、<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (=4)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (=2)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (=1)ファイル許可の和"
1998
1999 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2000 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1128
2001 msgid "3rd digit"
2002 msgstr "３桁目"
2003
2004 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1131
2005 msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>"
2006 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ</emphasis>に関して、同上"
2007
2008 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2009 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1136
2010 msgid "4th digit"
2011 msgstr "４桁目"
2012
2013 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1139
2014 msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>"
2015 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザー</emphasis>に関して、同上"
2016
2017 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2018 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1145
2019 msgid "This sounds complicated but it is actually quite simple. If you look at the first few (2-10) columns from \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" command output and read it as a binary (radix=2) representation of file permissions (\"-\" being \"0\" and \"rwx\" being \"1\"), the last 3 digit of the numeric mode value should make sense as an octal (radix=8) representation of file permissions to you. For example, try:"
2020 msgstr ""
2021
2022 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2023 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1147
2024 #, no-wrap
2025 msgid ""
2026 "$ touch foo bar\n"
2027 "$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
2028 "$ chmod 644 bar\n"
2029 "$ ls -l foo bar\n"
2030 "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 bar\n"
2031 "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 foo"
2032 msgstr ""
2033
2034 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
2035 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1153
2036 msgid "If you need to access information displayed by \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" in shell script, you should use pertinent commands such as <literal>test</literal>(1), <literal>stat</literal>(1) and <literal>readlink</literal>(1). The shell builtin such as \"<literal>[</literal>\" or \"<literal>test</literal>\" may be used too."
2037 msgstr ""
2038
2039 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2040 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1156
2041 msgid "Control of permissions for newly created files: umask"
2042 msgstr ""
2043
2044 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2045 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1157
2046 msgid "What permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is restricted by the <literal>umask</literal> shell builtin command. See <literal>dash</literal>(1), <literal>bash</literal>(1), and <literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
2047 msgstr ""
2048
2049 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2050 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1159
2051 #, no-wrap
2052 msgid " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) &amp; ~(umask value)"
2053 msgstr ""
2054
2055 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1161
2056 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis> value examples."
2057 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis>値の例。"
2058
2059 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2060 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1170
2061 msgid "umask"
2062 msgstr "umask"
2063
2064 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2065 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1176
2066 msgid "file permissions created"
2067 msgstr ""
2068
2069 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2070 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1179
2071 msgid "directory permissions created"
2072 msgstr ""
2073
2074 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2075 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1186
2076 msgid "<literal>0022</literal>"
2077 msgstr "<literal>0022</literal>"
2078
2079 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2080 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1189
2081 msgid "writable only by the user"
2082 msgstr ""
2083
2084 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2085 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1192
2086 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9388
2087 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9422
2088 msgid "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"
2089 msgstr "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"
2090
2091 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2092 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1195
2093 msgid "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"
2094 msgstr "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"
2095
2096 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2097 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1200
2098 msgid "<literal>0002</literal>"
2099 msgstr "<literal>0002</literal>"
2100
2101 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2102 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1203
2103 msgid "writable by the group"
2104 msgstr ""
2105
2106 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2107 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1206
2108 msgid "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"
2109 msgstr "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"
2110
2111 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2112 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1209
2113 msgid "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"
2114 msgstr "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"
2115
2116 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2117 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1215
2118 msgid "The Debian system uses a user private group (UPG) scheme as its default. A UPG is created whenever a new user is added to the system. A UPG has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the UPG. UPGs makes it is safe to set umask to <literal>0002</literal> since every user has their own private group. (In some Unix variants, it is quite common to setup all normal users belonging to a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> group and is good idea to set umask to <literal>0022</literal> for security in such cases.)"
2119 msgstr ""
2120
2121 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2122 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1219
2123 msgid "Permissions for groups of users (group)"
2124 msgstr ""
2125
2126 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2127 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1220
2128 msgid "In order to make group permissions to be applied to a particular user, that user needs to be made a member of the group using \"<literal>sudo vigr</literal>\"."
2129 msgstr ""
2130
2131 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1222
2132 msgid "Alternatively, you may dynamically add users to groups during the authentication process by adding \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and setting \"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\". (See <xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>.)"
2133 msgstr "もし\"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\"行が\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"に書き加えれ、\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\"に対応する設定がされていれば、実際のユーザーのグループメンバーシップは動的に割り当てられます。（<xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>参照。）"
2134
2135 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2136 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1223
2137 msgid "The hardware devices are just another kind of file on the Debian system. If you have problems accessing devices such as CD-ROM and USB memory stick from a user account, you should make that user a member of the relevant group."
2138 msgstr ""
2139
2140 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2141 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1225
2142 msgid "Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to access particular files and devices without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
2143 msgstr ""
2144
2145 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
2146 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1228
2147 msgid "List of example system-provided groups for file access."
2148 msgstr ""
2149
2150 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1235
2151 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1321
2152 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9375
2153 msgid "group"
2154 msgstr "グループ"
2155
2156 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2157 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1238
2158 msgid "accessible files and devices"
2159 msgstr ""
2160
2161 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2162 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1245
2163 msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>"
2164 msgstr "<literal>dialout</literal>"
2165
2166 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2167 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1248
2168 msgid "Full and direct access to serial ports (\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>\")."
2169 msgstr ""
2170
2171 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2172 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1253
2173 msgid "<literal>dip</literal>"
2174 msgstr "<literal>dip</literal>"
2175
2176 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1256
2177 msgid "Limited access to serial ports for <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to trusted peers."
2178 msgstr "信頼できるピアーへの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダイアルアップIP</emphasis>接続をする際のシリアルポートへの制限付きアクセス。"
2179
2180 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2181 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1261
2182 msgid "<literal>cdrom</literal>"
2183 msgstr "<literal>cdrom</literal>"
2184
2185 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2186 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1264
2187 msgid "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW drives."
2188 msgstr "CD-ROMやDVD+/-RWのドライバー。"
2189
2190 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2191 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1269
2192 msgid "<literal>audio</literal>"
2193 msgstr "<literal>audio</literal>"
2194
2195 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2196 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1272
2197 msgid "An audio device."
2198 msgstr "音声デバイス。"
2199
2200 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2201 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1277
2202 msgid "<literal>video</literal>"
2203 msgstr "<literal>video</literal>"
2204
2205 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2206 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1280
2207 msgid "A video device."
2208 msgstr "映像デバイス。"
2209
2210 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2211 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1285
2212 msgid "<literal>scanner</literal>"
2213 msgstr "<literal>scanner</literal>"
2214
2215 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2216 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1288
2217 msgid "Scanner(s)."
2218 msgstr "スキャナー。"
2219
2220 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2221 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1293
2222 msgid "<literal>adm</literal>"
2223 msgstr "<literal>adm</literal>"
2224
2225 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2226 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1296
2227 msgid "System monitoring logs."
2228 msgstr "システムモニターのログ。"
2229
2230 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2231 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1301
2232 msgid "<literal>staff</literal>"
2233 msgstr "<literal>staff</literal>"
2234
2235 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2236 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1304
2237 msgid "Some directories for junior administrative work: \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\", \"<literal>/home</literal>\"."
2238 msgstr ""
2239
2240 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
2241 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1310
2242 msgid "You need to belong to the <literal>dialout</literal> group to reconfigure modem, dial anywhere, etc. But if <literal>root</literal> creates pre-defined configuration files for trusted peers in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal>\", you only need to belong to the <literal>dip</literal> group to create <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to those trusted peers using <literal>pppd</literal>(8), <literal>pon</literal>(1), and <literal>poff</literal>(1) commands."
2243 msgstr ""
2244
2245 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2246 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1311
2247 msgid "Some notable system provided groups allow their members to execute particular commands without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
2248 msgstr ""
2249
2250 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
2251 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1314
2252 msgid "List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions."
2253 msgstr ""
2254
2255 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1324
2256 msgid "accessible commands"
2257 msgstr "実行可能なコマンド"
2258
2259 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2260 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1331
2261 msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>"
2262 msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>"
2263
2264 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2265 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1334
2266 msgid "execute <literal>sudo</literal> without their password."
2267 msgstr ""
2268
2269 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2270 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1339
2271 msgid "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"
2272 msgstr "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"
2273
2274 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2275 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1342
2276 msgid "execute commands to add, modify, and remove printers from printer databases."
2277 msgstr ""
2278
2279 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2280 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1347
2281 msgid "<literal>plugdev</literal>"
2282 msgstr "<literal>plugdev</literal>"
2283
2284 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2285 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1350
2286 msgid "execute <literal>pmount</literal>(1) for removable devices such as USB memories."
2287 msgstr ""
2288
2289 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2290 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1356
2291 msgid "For the full listing of the system provided users and groups, see the recent version of the \"Users and Groups\" document in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\" provided by the <literal>base-passwd</literal> package."
2292 msgstr ""
2293
2294 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2295 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1358
2296 msgid "See <literal>passwd</literal>(5), <literal>group</literal>(5), <literal>shadow</literal>(5), <literal>newgrp</literal>(1), <literal>vipw</literal>(8), <literal>vigr</literal>(8), and <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) for the management commands of the user and group system."
2297 msgstr ""
2298
2299 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2300 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1362
2301 msgid "Timestamps"
2302 msgstr ""
2303
2304 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2305 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1363
2306 msgid "There are three types of timestamps for a GNU/Linux file."
2307 msgstr ""
2308
2309 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1366
2310 msgid "List of types of timestamps."
2311 msgstr "タイムスタンプのタイプのリスト。"
2312
2313 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2314 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1373
2315 #: debian-reference.en.xml:10708
2316 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14666
2317 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15021
2318 #: debian-reference.en.xml:16581
2319 #: debian-reference.en.xml:17687
2320 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18035
2321 msgid "type"
2322 msgstr "タイプ"
2323
2324 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1383
2325 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"
2326 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"
2327
2328 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2329 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1386
2330 msgid "the file modification time (<literal>ls -l</literal>)"
2331 msgstr ""
2332
2333 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1391
2334 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"
2335 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"
2336
2337 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2338 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1394
2339 msgid "the file status change time (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"
2340 msgstr ""
2341
2342 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1399
2343 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"
2344 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"
2345
2346 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2347 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1402
2348 msgid "the last file access time (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"
2349 msgstr ""
2350
2351 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1408
2352 msgid "Note that <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time."
2353 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>はファイル作成日時でないことに注意しましょう。"
2354
2355 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2356 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1413
2357 msgid "Overwriting a file will change all of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
2358 msgstr ""
2359
2360 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1418
2361 msgid "Changing ownership or permissions of a file will change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
2362 msgstr "ファイルの所有者や許可の変更をすると、ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>や<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> アトリビュートを変えます。"
2363
2364 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2365 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1423
2366 msgid "Reading a file will change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of the file. Note that even simply reading a file on the Debian system will normally cause a file write operation to update <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> information in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>. Mounting a filesystem with the \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" option will let the system skip this operation and will result in faster file access for the read. This is often recommended for laptops, because it reduces hard drive activity and saves power. See <literal>mount</literal>(8)."
2367 msgstr ""
2368
2369 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2370 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1428
2371 msgid "Use <literal>touch</literal>(1) command to change timestamps of existing files."
2372 msgstr ""
2373
2374 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2375 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1430
2376 msgid "For timestamps, the <literal>ls</literal> command outputs different strings under the modern English locale (\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\") from under the old one (\"<literal>C</literal>\")."
2377 msgstr ""
2378
2379 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2380 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1432
2381 #, no-wrap
2382 msgid ""
2383 "$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ls -l foo\n"
2384 "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 foo\n"
2385 "$ LANG=C ls -l foo\n"
2386 "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 Mar 5 00:47 foo"
2387 msgstr ""
2388
2389 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
2390 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1436
2391 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> to cutomize \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output."
2392 msgstr ""
2393
2394 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2395 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1439
2396 msgid "Links"
2397 msgstr ""
2398
2399 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2400 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1440
2401 msgid "There are two methods of associating a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with a different filename \"<literal>bar</literal>\"."
2402 msgstr ""
2403
2404 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2405 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1445
2406 msgid "a <ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">hard link</ulink> is a duplicate name for an existing file (<literal>ln foo bar</literal>),"
2407 msgstr ""
2408
2409 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2410 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1450
2411 msgid "a <ulink url=\"&symboliclink;\">symbolic link</ulink>, or \"symlink\", is a special file that points to another file by name (<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>). See the following example for the changes in link counts and the subtle differences in the result of the <literal>rm</literal> command."
2412 msgstr ""
2413
2414 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2415 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1455
2416 #, no-wrap
2417 msgid ""
2418 "$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; foo\n"
2419 "$ ls -li foo\n"
2420 "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
2421 "$ ln foo bar # hard link\n"
2422 "$ ln -s foo baz # symlink\n"
2423 "$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
2424 "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
2425 "2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin 3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
2426 "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
2427 "$ rm foo\n"
2428 "$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; foo\n"
2429 "$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
2430 "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
2431 "2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin 3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
2432 "2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 foo\n"
2433 "$ cat bar\n"
2434 "Original Content\n"
2435 "$ cat baz\n"
2436 "New Content"
2437 msgstr ""
2438
2439 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2440 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1474
2441 msgid "The hardlink can be made within the same file system and shares the same inode number which the \"<literal>-i</literal>\" option with <literal>ls</literal>(1) reveals."
2442 msgstr ""
2443
2444 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2445 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1476
2446 msgid "The symlink always has nominal file access permissions of \"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\", as shown in the above example, with the effective access permissions dictated by permissions of the file that it points to."
2447 msgstr ""
2448
2449 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
2450 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1478
2451 msgid "It is generally good idea not to create complicated symbolic links or hardlinks at all unless you have a very good reason. It may cause nightmares where the logical combination of the symbolic links results in loops in the filesystem."
2452 msgstr ""
2453
2454 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
2455 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1479
2456 msgid "It is generally preferable to use symbolic links rather than hardlinks unless you have a good reason for using a hardlink."
2457 msgstr ""
2458
2459 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2460 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1480
2461 msgid "The \"<literal>.</literal>\" directory links to the directory that it appears in, thus the link count of any new directory starts at 2. The \"<literal>..</literal>\" directory links to the parent directory, thus the link count of the directory increases with the addition of new subdirectories."
2462 msgstr ""
2463
2464 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2465 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1482
2466 msgid "If you are just moving to Linux from Windows, it will soon become clear how well-designed the filename linking of Unix is, compared with the nearest Windows equivalent of \"shortcuts\". Because it is implemented in the file system, applications can't see any difference between a linked file and the original. In the case of hardlinks, there really is no difference."
2467 msgstr ""
2468
2469 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2470 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1486
2471 msgid "Named pipes (FIFOs)"
2472 msgstr ""
2473
2474 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2475 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1487
2476 msgid "A <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">named pipe</ulink> is a file that acts like a pipe. You put something into the file, and it comes out the other end. Thus it's called a FIFO, or First-In-First-Out: the first thing you put in the pipe is the first thing to come out the other end."
2477 msgstr ""
2478
2479 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2480 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1489
2481 msgid "If you write to a named pipe, the process which is writing to the pipe doesn't terminate until the information being written is read from the pipe. If you read from a named pipe, the reading process waits until there is something to read before terminating. The size of the pipe is always zero --- it does not store data, it just links two processes like the shell \"<literal>|</literal>\". However, since this pipe has a name, the two processes don't have to be on the same command line or even be run by the same user. Pipes were a very influential innovation of Unix."
2482 msgstr ""
2483
2484 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2485 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1491
2486 msgid "You can try it by doing the following:"
2487 msgstr ""
2488
2489 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2490 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1493
2491 #, no-wrap
2492 msgid ""
2493 "$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
2494 "$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # put into background\n"
2495 "[1] 8022\n"
2496 "$ ls -l mypipe\n"
2497 "prw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 mypipe\n"
2498 "$ cat mypipe\n"
2499 "hello\n"
2500 "[1]+ Done echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
2501 "$ ls mypipe\n"
2502 "mypipe\n"
2503 "$ rm mypipe"
2504 msgstr ""
2505
2506 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2507 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1506
2508 msgid "Sockets"
2509 msgstr ""
2510
2511 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2512 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1507
2513 msgid "Sockets are used extensively by all the Internet communication, databases, and the operating system itself. It is similar to the named pipe (FIFO) and allows processes to exchange information even between different computers. For the socket, those processes do not need to be running at the same time nor to be running as the children of the same ancestor process. This is the endpoint for <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">the inter process communication (IPC)</ulink>. The exchange of information may occur over the network between different hosts. The two most common ones are <ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">the Internet socket</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">the Unix domain socket</ulink>."
2514 msgstr ""
2515
2516 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
2517 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1509
2518 msgid "\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\" will provide a very useful overview of the sockets that are open on a given system."
2519 msgstr ""
2520
2521 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2522 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1512
2523 msgid "Device files"
2524 msgstr ""
2525
2526 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2527 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1513
2528 msgid "<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Device files</ulink> refer to physical or virtual devices on your system, such as your hard disk, video card, screen, or keyboard. An example of a virtual device is the console, represented by \"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"."
2529 msgstr ""
2530
2531 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
2532 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1516
2533 msgid "The device types."
2534 msgstr "デバイスのタイプ"
2535
2536 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2537 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1523
2538 msgid "device type"
2539 msgstr "デバイスのタイプ"
2540
2541 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1533
2542 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">character device</emphasis>"
2543 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文字デバイス</emphasis>"
2544
2545 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2546 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1536
2547 msgid "This can be accessed one character at a time, that is, the smallest unit of data which can be written to or read from the device is a character (byte)."
2548 msgstr ""
2549
2550 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1541
2551 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">block device</emphasis>"
2552 msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ブロックデバイス</emphasis>"
2553
2554 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2555 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1544
2556 msgid "This must be accessed in larger units called blocks, which contain a number of characters. Your hard disk is a block device."
2557 msgstr ""
2558
2559 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2560 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1550
2561 msgid "You can read and write device files, though the file may well contain binary data which may be an incomprehensible-to-humans gibberish. Writing data directly to these files is sometimes useful for the troubleshooting of hardware connections. For example, you can dump a text file to the printer device \"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\" or send modem commands to the appropriate serial port \"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\". But, unless this is done carefully, it may cause a major disaster. So be cautious."
2562 msgstr ""
2563
2564 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
2565 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1552
2566 msgid "For the normal access to a printer, use <literal>lp</literal>(1)."
2567 msgstr ""
2568
2569 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2570 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1553
2571 msgid "The device node number are displayed by executing <literal>ls</literal>(1) as:"
2572 msgstr ""
2573
2574 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2575 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1555
2576 #, no-wrap
2577 msgid ""
2578 "$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
2579 "brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 3, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n"
2580 "crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n"
2581 "crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero"
2582 msgstr ""
2583
2584 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1559
2585 #: debian-reference.en.xml:6391
2586 msgid "Here,"
2587 msgstr "上記で："
2588
2589 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2590 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1564
2591 msgid "\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" has the major device number 3 and the minor device number 0. This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>disk</literal> group,"
2592 msgstr ""
2593
2594 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2595 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1569
2596 msgid "\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" has the major device number 4 and the minor device number 64. This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>dialout</literal> group, and"
2597 msgstr ""
2598
2599 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2600 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1574
2601 msgid "\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" has the major device number 1 and the minor device number 5. This is read/write accessible by anyone."
2602 msgstr ""
2603
2604 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2605 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1578
2606 msgid "In the Linux 2.6 system, the filesystem under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\" is automatically populated by the <literal>udev</literal>(7) mechanism."
2607 msgstr ""
2608
2609 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2610 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1582
2611 msgid "Special device files"
2612 msgstr ""
2613
2614 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2615 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1583
2616 msgid "There are some special device files."
2617 msgstr ""
2618
2619 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1586
2620 msgid "List of special device files."
2621 msgstr "スペシャルなデバイスファイルのリスト。"
2622
2623 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2624 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1594
2625 msgid "device file"
2626 msgstr "デバイスファイル"
2627
2628 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2629 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1597
2630 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2309
2631 #: debian-reference.en.xml:6742
2632 #: debian-reference.en.xml:11864
2633 #: debian-reference.en.xml:12503
2634 msgid "action"
2635 msgstr "アクション"
2636
2637 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2638 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1600
2639 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2312
2640 #: debian-reference.en.xml:20463
2641 msgid "response"
2642 msgstr "レスポンス"
2643
2644 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2645 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1607
2646 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1618
2647 msgid "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"
2648 msgstr ""
2649
2650 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2651 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1610
2652 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1632
2653 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1643
2654 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1654
2655 msgid "read"
2656 msgstr "読み"
2657
2658 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2659 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1613
2660 msgid "it returns \"end-of-file (EOF) character\"."
2661 msgstr ""
2662
2663 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2664 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1621
2665 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1665
2666 msgid "write"
2667 msgstr "書き"
2668
2669 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2670 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1624
2671 msgid "it is a bottomless data dump pit."
2672 msgstr ""
2673
2674 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2675 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1629
2676 msgid "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"
2677 msgstr ""
2678
2679 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2680 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1635
2681 msgid "it returns \"the <literal>\\0</literal> (NUL) character\" (not the same as the number zero ASCII)."
2682 msgstr ""
2683
2684 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2685 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1640
2686 msgid "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"
2687 msgstr "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"
2688
2689 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2690 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1646
2691 msgid "it returns random characters from a true random number generator, delivering real entropy. (slow)"
2692 msgstr ""
2693
2694 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2695 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1651
2696 msgid "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"
2697 msgstr "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"
2698
2699 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2700 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1657
2701 msgid "it returns random characters from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator."
2702 msgstr ""
2703
2704 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2705 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1662
2706 msgid "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"
2707 msgstr "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"
2708
2709 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2710 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1668
2711 msgid "it returns the disk-full (ENOSPC) error."
2712 msgstr ""
2713
2714 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2715 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1674
2716 msgid "These are frequently used in conjunction with the shell redirection (see <xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)."
2717 msgstr ""
2718
2719 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2720 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1678
2721 msgid "procfs and sysfs"
2722 msgstr ""
2723
2724 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2725 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1679
2726 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> mounted on \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" and \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" are the pseudo-filesystem and expose internal data structures of the kernel to the userspace. In other word, these entries are virtual, meaning that they act as a convenient window into the operation of the operating system."
2727 msgstr ""
2728
2729 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2730 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1681
2731 msgid "The directory \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). System utilities that access process information, such as <literal>ps</literal>(1), get their information from this directory structure."
2732 msgstr ""
2733
2734 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2735 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1683
2736 msgid "The directories under \"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\" contain interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time. (You may do the same through specialized <literal>sysctl</literal>(8) command or its preload/configuration file \"<literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal>\".)"
2737 msgstr ""
2738
2739 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
2740 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1685
2741 msgid "The Linux kernel may complain \"Too many open files\". You can fix avoid this by increasing \"<literal>file-max</literal>\" value to a larger value from the root shell, e.g., \"<literal>echo \"65536\" &gt; /proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal>\" (This was needed on older kernels)."
2742 msgstr ""
2743
2744 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2745 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1686
2746 msgid "People frequently panic when they notice one file in particular - \"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" - which is generally huge. This is (more or less) a copy of the contents of your computer's memory. It's used to debug the kernel. It is a virtual file that points to computer memory, so don't worry about its size."
2747 msgstr ""
2748
2749 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2750 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1688
2751 msgid "The directory under \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" contains exported kernel data structures, their attributes, and the linkages between them. It also contains interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time."
2752 msgstr ""
2753
2754 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2755 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1690
2756 msgid "See \"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\", \"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\" and other related documents in the Linux kernel documentation (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\") provided by the <literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal> package."
2757 msgstr ""
2758
2759 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
2760 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1695
2761 msgid "Midnight Commander (MC)"
2762 msgstr ""
2763
2764 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1696
2765 msgid "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> is a GNU \"Swiss army knife\" for the Linux console and other terminal environments. This gives newbie a menu driven console experience which is much easier to learn than standard Unix commands."
2766 msgstr "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink>はLinux コンソールや他の端末環境のためのGNU製\"スイス軍ナイフ\"です。標準Unixコマンドを習うよりもより簡単なメニューを使ったコンソール経験が初心者にできます。"
2767
2768 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1698
2769 msgid "You may need to install the Midnight Commander package which is titled \"<literal>mc</literal>\"."
2770 msgstr "\"<literal>mc</literal>\"と名づけられた Midnight Commanderパッケージをインストールする必要があります。"
2771
2772 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1700
2773 #, no-wrap
2774 msgid "$ sudo aptitude install mc"
2775 msgstr "$ sudo aptitude install mc"
2776
2777 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1701
2778 msgid "Use the <literal>mc</literal>(1) command to explore the Debian system. This is the best way to learn. Please explore few interesting locations just using the cursor keys and Enter key:"
2779 msgstr "Debian システムを探検するために<literal>mc</literal>(1)コマンドを使いましょう。これは学習するための最良の方法です。カーソルキーとエンターキーを使うだけでいくつかの主要な場所を探検してください。"
2780
2781 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1706
2782 msgid "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
2783 msgstr "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"
2784
2785 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1711
2786 msgid "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
2787 msgstr "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"
2788
2789 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1716
2790 msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
2791 msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"
2792
2793 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1721
2794 msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
2795 msgstr "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\"と\"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
2796
2797 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1726
2798 msgid "Customization of MC"
2799 msgstr "MCのカスタム化"
2800
2801 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1727
2802 msgid "In order to make MC to change working directory upon exit and <literal>cd</literal> to the directory, I suggest to modify \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" to include:"
2803 msgstr "終了時に作業ディレクトリをMCに変更させそのディレクトリへcdさせるためには、\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"を以下を含むように変更するとよい："
2804
2805 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2806 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1729
2807 #, no-wrap
2808 msgid ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh"
2809 msgstr ""
2810
2811 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2812 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1730
2813 msgid "See <literal>mc</literal>(1) (under the \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option) for the reason. (If you do not understand what exactly I am talking here, you can do this later.)"
2814 msgstr ""
2815
2816 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2817 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1734
2818 msgid "Starting MC"
2819 msgstr ""
2820
2821 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2822 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1735
2823 msgid "MC can be started by:"
2824 msgstr ""
2825
2826 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
2827 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1737
2828 #, no-wrap
2829 msgid "$ mc"
2830 msgstr ""
2831
2832 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2833 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1738
2834 msgid "MC takes care of all file operations through its menu, requiring minimal user effort. Just press F1 to get the help screen (see next paragraph if this doesn't work). You can play with MC just by pressing cursor-keys and function-keys."
2835 msgstr ""
2836
2837 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2838 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1740
2839 msgid "In some consoles such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), key strokes of function-keys may be stolen by the console program. You can disable these features by \"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" for <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>. In particular, consider removing the mapping of F1 to GNOME Terminal Help; doing so will allow F1 to show Midnight Commander help."
2840 msgstr ""
2841
2842 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2843 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1742
2844 msgid "If you encounter character encoding problem which displays garbage characters, adding \"<literal>-a</literal>\" to MC's command line may help prevent problems."
2845 msgstr ""
2846
2847 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2848 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1744
2849 msgid "If this doesn't clear up your display problems with MC, see <xref linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>."
2850 msgstr ""
2851
2852 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2853 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1748
2854 msgid "File manager in MC"
2855 msgstr ""
2856
2857 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
2858 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1749
2859 msgid "The default is two directory panels containing file lists. Another useful mode is to set the right window to \"information\" to see file access privilege information, etc. Following are some essential keystrokes. With the <literal>gpm</literal>(8) daemon running, one can use a mouse on Linux character consoles, too. (Make sure to press the shift-key to obtain the normal behavior of cut and paste in MC.)"
2860 msgstr ""
2861
2862 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1752
2863 msgid "The key bindings of MC."
2864 msgstr "MCのキーバインディング"
2865
2866 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2867 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1759
2868 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2180
2869 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5726
2870 msgid "key"
2871 msgstr "キー"
2872
2873 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
2874 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1762
2875 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2183
2876 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5729
2877 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18892
2878 msgid "key binding"
2879 msgstr "キーバインディング"
2880
2881 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2882 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1769
2883 msgid "<literal>F1</literal>"
2884 msgstr "<literal>F1</literal>"
2885
2886 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2887 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1772
2888 msgid "Help menu"
2889 msgstr "ヘルプメニュー"
2890
2891 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2892 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1777
2893 msgid "<literal>F3</literal>"
2894 msgstr "<literal>F3</literal>"
2895
2896 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2897 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1780
2898 msgid "Internal file viewer"
2899 msgstr ""
2900
2901 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2902 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1785
2903 msgid "<literal>F4</literal>"
2904 msgstr "<literal>F4</literal>"
2905
2906 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2907 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1788
2908 msgid "Internal editor"
2909 msgstr ""
2910
2911 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2912 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1793
2913 msgid "<literal>F9</literal>"
2914 msgstr "<literal>F9</literal>"
2915
2916 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2917 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1796
2918 msgid "Activate pull down menu"
2919 msgstr ""
2920
2921 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2922 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1801
2923 msgid "<literal>F10</literal>"
2924 msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>"
2925
2926 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2927 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1804
2928 msgid "Exit Midnight Commander"
2929 msgstr ""
2930
2931 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2932 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1809
2933 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2278
2934 msgid "<literal>Tab</literal>"
2935 msgstr "<literal>Tab</literal>"
2936
2937 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2938 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1812
2939 msgid "Move between two windows"
2940 msgstr ""
2941
2942 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2943 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1817
2944 msgid "<literal>Insert</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"
2945 msgstr ""
2946
2947 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2948 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1820
2949 msgid "Mark file for a multiple-file operation such as copy"
2950 msgstr ""
2951
2952 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2953 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1825
2954 msgid "<literal>Del</literal>"
2955 msgstr "<literal>Del</literal>"
2956
2957 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2958 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1828
2959 msgid "Delete file (be careful---set MC to safe delete mode)"
2960 msgstr ""
2961
2962 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2963 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1833
2964 msgid "Cursor keys"
2965 msgstr ""
2966
2967 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
2968 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1836
2969 msgid "Self-explanatory"
2970 msgstr ""
2971
2972 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
2973 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1844
2974 msgid "Command-line tricks in MC"
2975 msgstr ""
2976
2977 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2978 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1848
2979 msgid "Any <literal>cd</literal> command will change the directory shown on the selected screen."
2980 msgstr ""
2981
2982 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2983 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1853
2984 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> will copy a filename to the command line. Use this with <literal>cp</literal>(1) and <literal>mv</literal>(1) commands together with command-line editing."
2985 msgstr ""
2986
2987 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2988 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1858
2989 msgid "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> will show shell filename expansion choices."
2990 msgstr ""
2991
2992 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2993 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1863
2994 msgid "One can specify the starting directory for both windows as arguments to MC; for example, \"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"."
2995 msgstr ""
2996
2997 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
2998 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1868
2999 msgid "<literal>Esc</literal> <literal> <literal>n-key</literal> == <literal>Fn</literal> (i.e., <literal>Esc</literal> </literal> <literal>1</literal> = <literal>F1</literal>, etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> = <literal>F10</literal>)"
3000 msgstr ""
3001
3002 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3003 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1873
3004 msgid "Pressing <literal>Esc</literal> before the key has the same effect as pressing the <literal>Alt</literal> and the key together.; i.e., type <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> for <literal>Alt-C</literal>. <literal>Esc</literal> is called meta-key and sometimes noted as \"<literal>M-</literal>\""
3005 msgstr ""
3006
3007 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3008 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1879
3009 msgid "The internal editor in MC"
3010 msgstr ""
3011
3012 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3013 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1880
3014 msgid "The internal editor has an interesting cut-and-paste scheme. Pressing <literal>F3</literal> marks the start of a selection, a second <literal>F3</literal> marks the end of selection and highlights the selection. Then you can move your cursor. If you press F6, the selected area will be moved to the cursor location. If you press F5, the selected area will be copied and inserted at the cursor location. <literal>F2</literal> will save the file. <literal>F10</literal> will get you out. Most cursor keys work intuitively."
3015 msgstr ""
3016
3017 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3018 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1882
3019 msgid "This editor can be directly started on a file:"
3020 msgstr ""
3021
3022 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3023 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1884
3024 #, no-wrap
3025 msgid ""
3026 "$ mc -e filename_to_edit\n"
3027 "$ mcedit filename_to_edit"
3028 msgstr ""
3029
3030 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3031 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1886
3032 msgid "This is not a multi-window editor, but one can use multiple Linux consoles to achieve the same effect. To copy between windows, use Alt-F&lt;n&gt; keys to switch virtual consoles and use \"File→Insert file\" or \"File→Copy to file\" to move a portion of a file to another file."
3033 msgstr ""
3034
3035 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3036 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1888
3037 msgid "This internal editor can be replaced with any external editor of choice."
3038 msgstr ""
3039
3040 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3041 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1890
3042 msgid "Also, many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use. If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>nano</literal>(1) initially, you may set these to \"<literal>mcedit</literal>\" by adding these lines to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\":"
3043 msgstr ""
3044
3045 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3046 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1892
3047 #, no-wrap
3048 msgid ""
3049 "...\n"
3050 "export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
3051 "export VISUAL=mcedit\n"
3052 "..."
3053 msgstr ""
3054
3055 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3056 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1896
3057 msgid "I do recommend setting these to \"<literal>vim</literal>\" if possible."
3058 msgstr ""
3059
3060 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3061 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1898
3062 msgid "If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1), you can keep using <literal>mcedit</literal>(1) for most system maintenance tasks."
3063 msgstr ""
3064
3065 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3066 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1902
3067 msgid "The internal viewer in MC"
3068 msgstr ""
3069
3070 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3071 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1903
3072 msgid "Very smart viewer. This is a great tool for searching words in documents. I always use this for files in the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" directory. This is the fastest way to browse through masses of Linux information. This viewer can be directly started like so:"
3073 msgstr ""
3074
3075 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3076 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1905
3077 #, no-wrap
3078 msgid ""
3079 "$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view\n"
3080 "$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"
3081 msgstr ""
3082
3083 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3084 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1909
3085 msgid "Auto-start features of MC"
3086 msgstr ""
3087
3088 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3089 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1910
3090 msgid "Press Enter on a file, and the appropriate program will handle the content of the file (see <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>). This is a very convenient MC feature."
3091 msgstr ""
3092
3093 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
3094 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1913
3095 msgid "The reaction to the enter key in MC."
3096 msgstr ""
3097
3098 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
3099 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1920
3100 msgid "file type"
3101 msgstr "ファイルタイプ"
3102
3103 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
3104 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1923
3105 msgid "reaction to enter key"
3106 msgstr "enterキーへの反応"
3107
3108 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3109 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1930
3110 msgid "executable file"
3111 msgstr "実行ファイル"
3112
3113 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3114 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1933
3115 msgid "Execute command"
3116 msgstr "コマンド実行"
3117
3118 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3119 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1938
3120 msgid "man file"
3121 msgstr "manファイル"
3122
3123 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3124 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1941
3125 msgid "Pipe content to viewer software"
3126 msgstr ""
3127
3128 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3129 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1946
3130 msgid "html file"
3131 msgstr ""
3132
3133 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3134 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1949
3135 msgid "Pipe content to web browser"
3136 msgstr ""
3137
3138 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3139 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1954
3140 msgid "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" file"
3141 msgstr ""
3142
3143 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3144 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1957
3145 msgid "Browse its contents as if subdirectory"
3146 msgstr ""
3147
3148 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3149 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1963
3150 msgid "In order to allow these viewer and virtual file features to function, viewable files should not be set as executable. Change their status using <literal>chmod</literal>(1) or via the MC file menu."
3151 msgstr ""
3152
3153 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3154 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1967
3155 msgid "FTP virtual filesystem of MC"
3156 msgstr ""
3157
3158 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3159 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1968
3160 msgid "MC can be used to access files over the Internet using FTP. Go to the menu by pressing <literal>F9</literal>, then type \"<literal>p</literal>\" to activate the FTP virtual filesystem. Enter a URL in the form \"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\", which will retrieve a remote directory that appears like a local one."
3161 msgstr ""
3162
3163 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1970
3164 msgid "Try \"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\" as the URL and browse the Debian archive."
3165 msgstr "\"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\"をURLとしてDebianアーカイブを覗いてみましょう。"
3166
3167 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
3168 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1975
3169 msgid "The basic Unix-like work environment"
3170 msgstr "基本のUnix的作業環境"
3171
3172 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
3173 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1976
3174 msgid "Although MC enables you to do almost everything, it is very important for you to learn how to use the command line tools invoked from the shell prompt and become familiar with the Unix-like work environment."
3175 msgstr ""
3176
3177 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1979
3178 msgid "The login shell"
3179 msgstr "loginシェル"
3180
3181 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3182 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1980
3183 msgid "You can select your login shell with <literal>chsh</literal>(1)."
3184 msgstr ""
3185
3186 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
3187 #: debian-reference.en.xml:1983
3188 msgid "List of shell programs."
3189 msgstr ""
3190
3191 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
3192 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2002
3193 msgid "POSIX shell"
3194 msgstr ""
3195
3196 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3197 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2011
3198 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29940
3199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bash\"> <literal>bash</literal> </ulink>"
3200 msgstr ""
3201
3202 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2014
3203 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29943
3204 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bash\">&pop-bash;</ulink>"
3205 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bash\">&pop-bash;</ulink>"
3206
3207 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3208 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2015
3209 #: debian-reference.en.xml:29944
3210 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bash.html\">&size-bash;</ulink>"
3211 msgstr ""
3212
3213 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3214 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2017
3215 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2043
3216 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2056
3217 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2069
3218 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2095
3219 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2108
3220 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2134
3221 msgid "Yes"
3222 msgstr ""
3223
3224 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3225 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2020
3226 msgid "<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: the GNU Bourne Again SHell. (de facto standard)"
3227 msgstr ""
3228
3229 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3230 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2024
3231 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcsh\"> <literal>tcsh</literal> </ulink>"
3232 msgstr ""
3233
3234 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2027
3235 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcsh\">&pop-tcsh;</ulink>"
3236 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcsh\">&pop-tcsh;</ulink>"
3237
3238 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3239 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2028
3240 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcsh.html\">&size-tcsh;</ulink>"
3241 msgstr ""
3242
3243 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3244 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2030
3245 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2082
3246 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2121
3247 msgid "No"
3248 msgstr ""
3249
3250 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3251 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2033
3252 msgid "<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: an enhanced version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>."
3253 msgstr ""
3254
3255 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3256 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2037
3257 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dash\"> <literal>dash</literal> </ulink>"
3258 msgstr ""
3259
3260 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2040
3261 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dash\">&pop-dash;</ulink>"
3262 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dash\">&pop-dash;</ulink>"
3263
3264 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3265 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2041
3266 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dash.html\">&size-dash;</ulink>"
3267 msgstr ""
3268
3269 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3270 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2046
3271 msgid "The Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>. Good for shell script."
3272 msgstr ""
3273
3274 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3275 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2050
3276 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/zsh\"> <literal>zsh</literal> </ulink>"
3277 msgstr ""
3278
3279 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2053
3280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zsh\">&pop-zsh;</ulink>"
3281 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zsh\">&pop-zsh;</ulink>"
3282
3283 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3284 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2054
3285 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/z/zsh.html\">&size-zsh;</ulink>"
3286 msgstr ""
3287
3288 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3289 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2059
3290 msgid "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>: the standard shell with many enhancements."
3291 msgstr ""
3292
3293 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3294 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2063
3295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pdksh\"> <literal>pdksh</literal> </ulink>"
3296 msgstr ""
3297
3298 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2066
3299 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pdksh\">&pop-pdksh;</ulink>"
3300 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pdksh\">&pop-pdksh;</ulink>"
3301
3302 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3303 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2067
3304 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pdksh.html\">&size-pdksh;</ulink>"
3305 msgstr ""
3306
3307 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3308 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2072
3309 msgid "A public domain version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>."
3310 msgstr ""
3311
3312 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3313 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2076
3314 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/csh\"> <literal>csh</literal> </ulink>"
3315 msgstr ""
3316
3317 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2079
3318 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/csh\">&pop-csh;</ulink>"
3319 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/csh\">&pop-csh;</ulink>"
3320
3321 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3322 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2080
3323 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/csh.html\">&size-csh;</ulink>"
3324 msgstr ""
3325
3326 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3327 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2085
3328 msgid "<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, a version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>."
3329 msgstr ""
3330
3331 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3332 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2089
3333 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sash\"> <literal>sash</literal> </ulink>"
3334 msgstr ""
3335
3336 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2092
3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sash\">&pop-sash;</ulink>"
3338 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sash\">&pop-sash;</ulink>"
3339
3340 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3341 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2093
3342 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sash.html\">&size-sash;</ulink>"
3343 msgstr ""
3344
3345 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3346 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2098
3347 msgid "<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> with builtin commands. (Not meant for standard \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\".)"
3348 msgstr ""
3349
3350 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3351 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2102
3352 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ksh\"> <literal>ksh</literal> </ulink>"
3353 msgstr ""
3354
3355 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2105
3356 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ksh\">&pop-ksh;</ulink>"
3357 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ksh\">&pop-ksh;</ulink>"
3358
3359 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3360 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2106
3361 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/ksh.html\">&size-ksh;</ulink>"
3362 msgstr ""
3363
3364 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3365 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2111
3366 msgid "The real, AT&amp;T version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>."
3367 msgstr ""
3368
3369 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3370 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2115
3371 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rc\"> <literal>rc</literal> </ulink>"
3372 msgstr ""
3373
3374 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2118
3375 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rc\">&pop-rc;</ulink>"
3376 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rc\">&pop-rc;</ulink>"
3377
3378 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3379 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2119
3380 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rc.html\">&size-rc;</ulink>"
3381 msgstr ""
3382
3383 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3384 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2124
3385 msgid "An implementation of the <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink> <ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rc shell</ulink>."
3386 msgstr ""
3387
3388 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3389 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2128
3390 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/posh\"> <literal>posh</literal> </ulink>"
3391 msgstr ""
3392
3393 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2131
3394 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/posh\">&pop-posh;</ulink>"
3395 msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/posh\">&pop-posh;</ulink>"
3396
3397 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3398 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2132
3399 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/posh.html\">&size-posh;</ulink>"
3400 msgstr ""
3401
3402 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3403 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2137
3404 msgid "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell. A <literal>pdksh</literal> derivative."
3405 msgstr ""
3406
3407 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3408 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2143
3409 msgid "In this tutorial chapter, the interactive shell always means <literal>bash</literal>."
3410 msgstr ""
3411
3412 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2147
3413 msgid "Customizing bash"
3414 msgstr "Bashのカスタム化"
3415
3416 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3417 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2148
3418 msgid "You can customize <literal>bash</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\". For example, I added followings to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\":"
3419 msgstr ""
3420
3421 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3422 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2150
3423 #, no-wrap
3424 msgid ""
3425 "# CD upon exiting MC\n"
3426 ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n"
3427 "\n"
3428 "# set CDPATH to good one\n"
3429 "CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~/Desktop/src:~/Desktop:~\n"
3430 "export CDPATH\n"
3431 "\n"
3432 "PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n"
3433 "# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
3434 "if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
3435 " PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n"
3436 "fi\n"
3437 "export PATH\n"
3438 "\n"
3439 "EDITOR=vim\n"
3440 "export EDITOR"
3441 msgstr ""
3442
3443 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
3444 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2166
3445 msgid "You can find more <literal>bash</literal> customization tips, such as <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, in <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>."
3446 msgstr ""
3447
3448 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3449 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2169
3450 msgid "Special key strokes"
3451 msgstr ""
3452
3453 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3454 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2170
3455 msgid "In the <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment, there are few key strokes which have special meanings. Please note that on a normal Linux character console, only the left-hand <literal>Ctrl</literal> and <literal>Alt</literal> keys work as expected. Here are few notable key strokes to remember."
3456 msgstr ""
3457
3458 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2173
3459 msgid "List of key bindings for bash."
3460 msgstr "Bashのキーバインディングのリスト。"
3461
3462 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3463 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2190
3464 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"
3465 msgstr ""
3466
3467 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3468 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2193
3469 msgid "Erase line before cursor."
3470 msgstr ""
3471
3472 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3473 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2198
3474 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"
3475 msgstr ""
3476
3477 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3478 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2201
3479 msgid "Erase a character before cursor."
3480 msgstr ""
3481
3482 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3483 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2206
3484 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"
3485 msgstr ""
3486
3487 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3488 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2209
3489 msgid "Terminate input. (exit shell if you are using shell)"
3490 msgstr ""
3491
3492 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3493 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2214
3494 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"
3495 msgstr ""
3496
3497 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3498 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2217
3499 msgid "Terminate a running program."
3500 msgstr ""
3501
3502 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3503 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2222
3504 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"
3505 msgstr ""
3506
3507 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3508 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2225
3509 msgid "Temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job"
3510 msgstr ""
3511
3512 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3513 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2230
3514 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"
3515 msgstr ""
3516
3517 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3518 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2233
3519 msgid "Halt output to screen."
3520 msgstr ""
3521
3522 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3523 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2238
3524 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"
3525 msgstr ""
3526
3527 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3528 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2241
3529 msgid "Reactivate output to screen."
3530 msgstr ""
3531
3532 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3533 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2246
3534 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"
3535 msgstr ""
3536
3537 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3538 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2249
3539 msgid "Reboot/halt the system, see <literal>inittab</literal>(5)."
3540 msgstr ""
3541
3542 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3543 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2254
3544 msgid "<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> (optionally, <literal>Windows-key</literal>)"
3545 msgstr ""
3546
3547 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3548 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2257
3549 msgid "Meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI."
3550 msgstr ""
3551
3552 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3553 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2262
3554 msgid "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"
3555 msgstr ""
3556
3557 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3558 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2265
3559 msgid "Start command history search under <literal>bash</literal>."
3560 msgstr ""
3561
3562 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3563 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2270
3564 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"
3565 msgstr ""
3566
3567 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3568 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2273
3569 msgid "Start incremental command history search under <literal>bash</literal>."
3570 msgstr ""
3571
3572 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3573 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2281
3574 msgid "Complete input of the filename to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>."
3575 msgstr ""
3576
3577 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3578 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2286
3579 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"
3580 msgstr ""
3581
3582 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3583 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2289
3584 msgid "Input <literal>Tab</literal> without expansion to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>."
3585 msgstr ""
3586
3587 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
3588 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2295
3589 msgid "The terminal feature of <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> can be disabled using <literal>stty</literal>(1)."
3590 msgstr ""
3591
3592 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2298
3593 msgid "Unix style mouse operations"
3594 msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作"
3595
3596 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3597 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2299
3598 msgid "Unix style mouse operations are based on the 3 button mouse system."
3599 msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作は３ボタンマウスが基本です。"
3600
3601 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2302
3602 msgid "List of Unix style mouse operations."
3603 msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作のリスト"
3604
3605 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3606 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2319
3607 msgid "Left-click-and-drag mouse"
3608 msgstr ""
3609
3610 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3611 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2322
3612 msgid "Select and copy to the clipboard."
3613 msgstr ""
3614
3615 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3616 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2327
3617 msgid "Left-click"
3618 msgstr ""
3619
3620 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3621 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2330
3622 msgid "Select the start of selection."
3623 msgstr ""
3624
3625 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3626 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2335
3627 msgid "Right-click"
3628 msgstr ""
3629
3630 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3631 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2338
3632 msgid "Select the end of selection and copy to the clipboard."
3633 msgstr ""
3634
3635 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3636 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2343
3637 msgid "Middle-click"
3638 msgstr ""
3639
3640 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3641 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2346
3642 msgid "Paste clipboard at the cursor."
3643 msgstr ""
3644
3645 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3646 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2352
3647 msgid "The center wheel on the modern wheel mouse is considered middle mouse button and can be used for middle-click. Clicking left and right mouse buttons together serves as the middle-click under the 2 button mouse system situation. In order to use a mouse in Linux character consoles, you need to have <literal>gpm</literal>(8) running as daemon."
3648 msgstr ""
3649
3650 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2356
3651 msgid "The pager"
3652 msgstr "ページャー"
3653
3654 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3655 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2357
3656 msgid "<literal>less</literal>(1) is the enhanced pager (file content browser). Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" for help. It can do much more than <literal>more</literal>(1) and can be supercharged by executing \"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\" in the shell startup script. See more in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\". The \"<literal>-R</literal>\" option allows raw character output and enables ANSI color escape sequences. See <literal>less</literal>(1)."
3657 msgstr ""
3658
3659 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3660 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2361
3661 msgid "The text editor"
3662 msgstr "テキストエディター"
3663
3664 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3665 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2362
3666 msgid "You should become proficient in one of the variants of <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> programs which are popular in the Unix-like system."
3667 msgstr ""
3668
3669 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3670 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2364
3671 msgid "I think getting used to Vim commands is the right thing to do, since Vi-editor is always there in the Linux/Unix world. (Actually, original <literal>vi</literal> or new <literal>nvi</literal> are the programs you find everywhere. I chose Vim instead for newbie since it offers you help through <literal>F1</literal> key while it is similar enough and more powerful.)"
3672 msgstr ""
3673
3674 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3675 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2366
3676 msgid "If you chose either <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> instead as your choice of the editor, that is another good choice indeed, particularly for programming. Emacs has a plethora of other features as well, including functioning as a newsreader, directory editor, mail program, etc.. When used for programming or editing shell scripts, it intelligently recognizes the format of what you are working on, and tries to provide assistance. Some people maintain that the only program they need on Linux is Emacs. Ten minutes learning Emacs now can save hours later. Having the gnu Emacs manual for reference when learning Emacs is highly recommended."
3677 msgstr ""
3678
3679 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3680 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2368
3681 msgid "All these programs usually come with tutoring program for you to learn them by practice. Start Vim by typing \"<literal>vim</literal>\" and press F1-key. You should at least read the first 35 lines. Then do the online training course by moving cursor to \"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\" and pressing <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>."
3682 msgstr ""
3683
3684 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
3685 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2370
3686 msgid "Good editors, such as Vim and Emacs, can be used to handle UTF-8 and other exotic encoding texts correctly with proper option in the x-terminal-emulator on X under UTF-8 locale with proper font settings. Please refer to their documentation on multibyte text."
3687 msgstr ""
3688
3689 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3690 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2373
3691 msgid "Setting a default text editor"
3692 msgstr ""
3693
3694 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3695 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2374
3696 msgid "Debian comes with a number of different editors. We recommend to install the <literal>vim</literal> package, as mentioned above."
3697 msgstr ""
3698
3699 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3700 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2376
3701 msgid "Debian provides unified access to the system default editor via command \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\" so other programs (e.g., <literal>reportbug</literal>(1)) can invoke it. You can change it by:"
3702 msgstr ""
3703
3704 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3705 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2378
3706 #, no-wrap
3707 msgid "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"
3708 msgstr ""
3709
3710 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3711 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2379
3712 msgid "The choice \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\" over \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>\" is my recommendation for newbies since it supports syntax highlighting."
3713 msgstr ""
3714
3715 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
3716 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2381
3717 msgid "Many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use (see <xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>). For the consistency on Debian system, set these to \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\". (Historically, \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" was \"<literal>ed</literal>\" and \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" was \"<literal>vi</literal>\".)"
3718 msgstr ""
3719
3720 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2384
3721 msgid "Customizing vim"
3722 msgstr "Vimのカスタム化"
3723
3724 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3725 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2385
3726 msgid "You can customize <literal>vim</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\". For example, I use:"
3727 msgstr ""
3728
3729 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3730 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2387
3731 #, no-wrap
3732 msgid ""
3733 "\" -------------------------------\n"
3734 "\" Local configuration\n"
3735 "\"\n"
3736 "set nocompatible\n"
3737 "set nopaste\n"
3738 "set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
3739 "syn on\n"
3740 "if $USER == \"root\"\n"
3741 " set nomodeline\n"
3742 " set noswapfile\n"
3743 "else\n"
3744 " set modeline\n"
3745 " set swapfile\n"
3746 "endif\n"
3747 "\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
3748 "\" filler\n"
3749 "\" filler"
3750 msgstr ""
3751
3752 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3753 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2406
3754 msgid "Recording the shell activities"
3755 msgstr ""
3756
3757 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3758 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2407
3759 msgid "The output of the shell command may roll off your screen and may be lost forever. It is good practice to log shell activities into the file for you to review them later. This kind of record is essential when you perform any system administration tasks."
3760 msgstr ""
3761
3762 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3763 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2409
3764 msgid "The basic method of recording the shell activity is to run it under <literal>script</literal>(1)."
3765 msgstr ""
3766
3767 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3768 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2411
3769 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19209
3770 #, no-wrap
3771 msgid ""
3772 "$ script\n"
3773 "Script started, file is typescript"
3774 msgstr ""
3775
3776 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2416
3777 msgid "do whatever shell commands …"
3778 msgstr "何らかのシェルコマンドの実行 …"
3779
3780 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3781 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2421
3782 msgid "press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</literal>."
3783 msgstr ""
3784
3785 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
3786 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2425
3787 #, no-wrap
3788 msgid "$ vim typescript"
3789 msgstr ""
3790
3791 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3792 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2426
3793 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ."
3794 msgstr ""
3795
3796 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
3797 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2430
3798 msgid "Basic Unix commands"
3799 msgstr ""
3800
3801 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3802 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2431
3803 msgid "Let's learn the basic Unix commands. Here I use \"Unix\" in its generic sense. Any Unix clone OSs usually offer the equivalent commands. The Debian system is no exception. Do not worry if some commands do not work as you wish now. If <literal>alias</literal> is used in the shell, its corresponding command outputs are different. These examples are not meant to be executed in this order."
3804 msgstr ""
3805
3806 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
3807 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2433
3808 msgid "Try all the following commands from the non-privileged user account:"
3809 msgstr ""
3810
3811 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2436
3812 msgid "List of basic Unix commands."
3813 msgstr "基本のUnixコマンドのリスト。"
3814
3815 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2443
3816 #: debian-reference.en.xml:5432
3817 #: debian-reference.en.xml:6745
3818 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9626
3819 #: debian-reference.en.xml:9736
3820 #: debian-reference.en.xml:11861
3821 #: debian-reference.en.xml:12500
3822 #: debian-reference.en.xml:12951
3823 #: debian-reference.en.xml:14110
3824 #: debian-reference.en.xml:15563
3825 #: debian-reference.en.xml:18318
3826 #: debian-reference.en.xml:19426
3827 #: debian-reference.en.xml:21604
3828 #: debian-reference.en.xml:22614
3829 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24644
3830 #: debian-reference.en.xml:24854
3831 #: debian-reference.en.xml:25038
3832 #: debian-reference.en.xml:26590
3833 msgid "command"
3834 msgstr "コマンド"
3835
3836 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3837 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2453
3838 msgid "<literal>pwd</literal>"
3839 msgstr ""
3840
3841 # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
3842 #: debian-reference.en.xml:2456
3843 msgid "Display name of current/working directory."