# TRANSLATION of Debian Reference (tutorial)
# Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# Translation by Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>, 2009.
# Partially based on old translation by 角田 慎一 tsuno#at#ngy.1st.ne.jp from DR v1
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Debian Reference v2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-05-17 01:17+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-05-17 17:22+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:19
msgid "en"
msgstr "ja"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:21
msgid "Debian Reference"
msgstr "Debianレファレンス"

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22
msgid "<author> <firstname>Osamu</firstname> <surname>Aoki</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"
msgstr "<author> <firstname>修</firstname> <surname>青木</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:28
msgid "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)."
msgstr "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). (日本語による参考説明：本書はフリーです；　Debianフリーソフトウェアガイドライン(DFSG)に適合するいかなるバージョンのGNU General Public Licenseの条件の下ででも再配布や改変をすることを許可します。)"

# type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><copyright><holder>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:33
msgid "Osamu Aoki"
msgstr "Osamu Aoki(青木 修)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:36
msgid "This Debian Reference (v2) (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command examples for non-developers."
msgstr "本Debianレファレンス(第2版) (&build-date;) はシステムインストール後のユーザー案内書として、Debian システムの広範な概論を提供します。本書は非開発者を対象にシェルコマンド例を通してシステム管理の多くの局面を説明します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:41
msgid "Preface"
msgstr "序章"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:42
msgid "This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian Reference (version 2)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide."
msgstr "この<ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debianレファレンス(第2版)</ulink>(&build-date;)はシステムインストール後のユーザー向け案内書としてDebianのシステム管理に関する概論の提供を目指しています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:44
msgid "The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> system works."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>システムが如何にして機能しているかを理解するのに、シェルスクリプトぐらいを学ぶ気はあるがCのソースまでを全て読む気はしないような人が本書の対象読者です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:47
msgid "Disclaimer"
msgstr "免責事項"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:48
msgid "All warranties are disclaimed.  All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners."
msgstr "一切保証は致しません。全ての商標はそれぞれの商標の所有者の財産です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:50
msgid "The Debian system itself is a moving target.  This makes its documentation difficult to be current and correct.  Although the current unstable version of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may be already outdated by the time you read this."
msgstr "Debianシステム自体は動く標的です。このため現状を反映した正確な記述をすることが困難です。現行不安定版のDebianシステムを用いて本書は記されましたが、皆様が読まれる時点ではすでに記載内容が古くなっているかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:52
msgid "Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in this document."
msgstr "本書はあくまで二次的参考文献として扱ってください。本書は正式の案内書を置き換えません。著者及び本書への貢献者は本書の中の誤謬や欠落や曖昧さが引き起こす結果に一切責任をおいません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:56
msgid "What is Debian"
msgstr "Debianとはなにか"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:57
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian Project</ulink> is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system.  It's distribution is characterized by:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debianプロジェクト</ulink>はフリーなオペレーティングシステムを作ろうという共通目的を持った個人の集団です。そのディストリビューションは以下の特徴があります："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:62
msgid "Commitment to the software freedom: <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian Social Contract and Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)</ulink>."
msgstr "ソフトウェアの自由へのコミットメント：　<ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian社会契約とDebianフリーソフトウエアーガイドライン(DFSG)</ulink>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:67
msgid "Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"
msgstr "インターネット上の分散型の無償ボランティア活動：　<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:72
msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares."
msgstr "多数のプリコンパイルされた高品質のソフトウエアー。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:77
msgid "Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates."
msgstr "セキュリティアップデートへの平易なアクセス提供による、安定性とセキュリティの重視。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:82
msgid "Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives."
msgstr "不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>やテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブによる、最新のソフトウエアーへの円滑なアップグレードの重視。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:87
msgid "Large number of supported hardware architectures."
msgstr "多数のサポートされたハードウエアーアーキテクチャー。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:91
msgid "Free Software pieces in Debian come from <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> and many more independent free software projects.  Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system."
msgstr "Debianの中のフリーソフトウエアー構成要素は、<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>や<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink>やその他の多くの独立のフリーソフトウエアーのプロジェクトに由来します。Debianはこの多種多様なフリーソフトウエアーを1つのシステムにまとめ上げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:95
msgid "About this document"
msgstr "本書について"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:97
msgid "Guiding rules"
msgstr "編集指針"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:98
msgid "Following guiding rules were followed while compiling this document:"
msgstr "本書の作成にあたり以下の編集指針を守りました："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:103
msgid "don't explain in details what is well documented elsewhere (in the judgment of the author)"
msgstr "他に良い文書があれば（著者裁量で）詳述しない"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:108
msgid "Provide overview and skip corner cases (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big Picture</emphasis>)"
msgstr "概論を提供し枝葉末節は省略する(<emphasis role=\"strong\">全体像</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:113
msgid "Keep It Short and Simple. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"
msgstr "簡潔(<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:118
msgid "Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell examples</emphasis>)"
msgstr "非GUIツールとコンソールを重視する(<emphasis role=\"strong\">シェル例示</emphasis>を使用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:123
msgid "Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to <emphasis role=\"strong\">the existing references</emphasis>)"
msgstr "賽の河原に陥いないようする。(<emphasis role=\"strong\">既存の参考文献</emphasis>へのポインターの利用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:128
msgid "Be objective. (Use <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> etc.)"
msgstr "客観的であるようにする。(<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink>等の利用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:132
msgid "I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system."
msgstr "私はシステムの階層的側面やその低層を明らかにしようとしました。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:136
msgid "Prerequisites"
msgstr "前提条件"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:137
msgid "You are required to seek help from (in approximate order of importance, starting with the most important sources):"
msgstr "読者はサポート情報を以下より自ら取得するべきです(以下ほぼ重要性順に列挙)："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:142
msgid "the Debian site at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> for the general information,"
msgstr "一般的情報は<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>にあるDebianサイト、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:147
msgid "the documentation under the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\" directory,"
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\"ディレクトリー下にある文書、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:152
msgid "the Unix style <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\","
msgstr "Unixスタイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">manページ</emphasis>：　\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\"、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:157
msgid "the GNU style <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\","
msgstr "GNUスタイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">infoページ</emphasis>：　\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\"、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:162
msgid "the bug report: <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>,"
msgstr "バグレポート：　<ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:167
msgid "the Debian Wiki at <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink> for the moving and specific topics,"
msgstr "変化中の事や特定案件に関しては、<ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink>にあるDebianのWiki、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:172
msgid "the HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at <ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> ,"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> にあるLinuxドキュメンテーションプロジェクト(TLDP)のHOWTO文書、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:177
msgid "the Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group's The UNIX System Home Page at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink> , and"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>にあるOpen GroupのThe UNIX System Home PageにあるSingle UNIX Specification、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:182
msgid "the free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at <ulink url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpwikipediaorg;\">http://wikipedia.org/</ulink>にあるWikipediaのフリーの百科事典。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:186
msgid "For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" as its suffix."
msgstr "詳細な文書を読むには、\"<literal>-doc</literal>\"をサフィックスとする対応する文書パッケージをインストールする必要があるかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:189
msgid "Conventions"
msgstr "文書様式"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:190
msgid "This document provides information through the following simplified presentation style with <literal>bash</literal>(1) shell command examples and bullets:"
msgstr "以下のような、<literal>bash</literal>(1)シェルコマンド例示と点の後ろの箇条書き形式で本書は書かれています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:192
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# &lt;command in root account&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;command in user account&gt;"
msgstr ""
"# &lt;rootアカウントからのコマンド&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;ユーザーアカウントからのコマンド&gt;\n"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:197
msgid "&lt;description of action&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;なすべき事の叙述&gt;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:201
msgid "These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set environment variables as: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\" and \"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\".  These values are chosen for the sake of readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system."
msgstr "これらのシェルプロンプトは使われるアカウントを区別します。これはちょうど環境変数として：　\"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\"と\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\"を設定した場合に相当します。これらの環境変数値はあくまで本書の読みやすさのためで、実際のインストール済みシステではほとんど見かけません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:203
msgid "See the meaning of the \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" and \"<literal>$PS2</literal>\" environment variables in <literal>bash</literal>(1)."
msgstr "\"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\"と\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\"という環境変数値の意味は<literal>bash</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:204
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command snippet</emphasis> quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr "本文中に引用される<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンドの断片</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"のように表現されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:206
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">text data</emphasis> from a configuration file quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"."
msgstr "本文中に設定ファイルから引用された<emphasis role=\"strong\">文字データー</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"のように表現されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:208
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>bash</literal>(1).  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">コマンド</emphasis>はその名前をタイプライターフォントで書き、場合によってはその後ろにmanページのセクション番号を括弧中に入れて書き<literal>bash</literal>(1)のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:210
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 1 bash"
msgstr "$ man 1 bash"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:211
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>sources.list</literal>(5).  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">manページ</emphasis>はその名前をタイプライターフォントで書き、その後ろにmanページのセクション番号を括弧中に入れて書き<literal>sources.list</literal>(5)のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 5 sources.list"
msgstr "$ man 5 sources.list"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:214
msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis> is referred by its command snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>info make</literal>\".  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">infoページ</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントというコマンドの断片形式で書き\"<literal>info make</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ info make"
msgstr "$ info make"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:217
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">filename</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\".  For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル名</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:219
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""
msgstr "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:220
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\".  You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリー名</emphasis>はダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""
msgstr "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:223
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">package name</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font, such as <literal>vim</literal>.  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">パッケージ名</emphasis>はその名をタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:225
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"
msgstr ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:228
msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"; or by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>.  You are encouraged to read the documentation by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文書</emphasis>は、その場所のファイル名でダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\"や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"のように表現されたり、その場所の<ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>で<ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:230
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""
msgstr ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:233
msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">environment variable</emphasis> is referred by its name with leading \"<literal>$</literal>\" in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\".  You are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">環境変数</emphasis>は、頭に\"<literal>$</literal>\"がついた名前をダブルクォーテションマーク間にタイプライターフォントで書き、\"<literal>$TERM</literal>\"のように表現されます。読者は以下の様にタイプして情報を得るように心がけてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:235
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo \"$TERM\""
msgstr "$ echo \"$TERM\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:238
msgid "The popcon"
msgstr "Popcon"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:239
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> data is presented as the objective measure for the popularity of each package.  It was downloaded on &pop-date; and contains the total submission of &pop-submissions; reports over &pop-packages; binary packages and &pop-architectures; architectures."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">Popcon</ulink>のデーターは各パッケージの客観的人気の指標として提示されいます。それがダウンロードされた日付は&pop-date;で、 &pop-packages;を越すバイナリーパッケージ数と&pop-architectures;のアーキテクチャーにまたがる&pop-submissions;つの提出レポートからなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:241
msgid "Please note that the <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> archive contains only &all-packages; packages currently.  The popcon data contains reports from many old system installations."
msgstr "<literal>&arch;</literal>の不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブは現在高々&all-packages;つのパッケージしか含みません。Popconデーターは多くの古い設置システムからのレポートを含みます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:242
msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"V:\" for \"votes\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr "\"votes\"を意味する\"V:\"が前についたPopconの数は\"100 * (PCで最近実行されたパッケージに関するpopcon提出)/(全popcon提出)\"として計算される。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:244
msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"I:\" for \"installs\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr "\"installs\"を意味する\"I:\"が前についたPopconの数は\"100 * (PCにインストールされているパッケージに関するpopcon提出)/(全popcon提出)\"として計算される。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:246
msgid "The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the importance of packages.  There are many factors which can skew statistics.  For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories such as \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled \"vote\" from such system."
msgstr "Popconの数字はパッケージの重要性の絶対指標と考えるべきでない。統計を曲げる多くの因子があります。例えば、Popconに参加しているシステムの一部は\"<literal>/bin</literal>\"などのディレクトリをシステム性能向上のために\"<literal>noatime</literal>\"オプションでマウントすることで当該システムから\"vote\"することを実質的に禁止しているかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:249
msgid "The package size"
msgstr "パッケージサイズ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:250
msgid "The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each package.  It is based on the \"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\" reported by \"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\" or \"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\" command (currently on <literal>&arch;</literal> architecture for the <literal>unstable</literal> release).  The reported size is in KiB (<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = unit for 1024 bytes)."
msgstr "各パッケージの客観的指標としてパケージサイズデーターも提供されます。それは\"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\"や\"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\"コマンドが(現在の<literal>&arch;</literal>アーキテクチャー上の<literal>unstable</literal>リリース上で)表示する\"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\"です。サイズはKiB(<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = 1024バイト単位)で表示されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:252
msgid "A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is a dummy package which installs other packages with significant contents by the dependency.  The dummy package enables a smooth transition or split of the package."
msgstr "小さなパケージサイズのパッケージは<literal>unstable</literal>リリース中の当該パッケージが内容のある他パッケージを依存関係でインストールするためのダミーパッケージだからかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:255
msgid "Bug reports"
msgstr "バグ報告"

# type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:256
msgid "Please file bug reports on the <literal>debian-reference</literal> package using <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) if you find any issues. Please include correction suggestion by \"<literal>diff -u</literal>\" to the plain text version or to the source."
msgstr "何か問題を発見した場合には、<literal>debian-reference</literal>パッケージに対して<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)を用いてバグ報告をしてください。プレーンテキストバージョンかソースに対する\"<literal>diff -u</literal>\"による修正提案を含めてください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:261
msgid "Some quotes for new users"
msgstr "新規ユーザーへの引用文"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:262
msgid "Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help enlighten new users:"
msgstr "新規ユーザーを啓蒙するDebianのメーリングリストで見つけた興味深い引用文を記します："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:267
msgid "\"This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "\"This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" 「これはUnixです。首を括るのに十分なロープをあてがってくれますよ。」 --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:272
msgid "\"Unix IS user friendly… It's just selective about who its friends are.\" --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "\"Unix IS user friendly...  It's just selective about who its friends are.\" 「Unixはユーザーフレンドリーです...　誰にフレンドリーにするかに人見知りするだけです。」 --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:279
msgid "GNU/Linux tutorials"
msgstr "GNU/Linuxチュートリアル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:280
msgid "I think learning a computer system is like learning a new foreign language.  Although tutorial books and documentation are helpful, you have to practice it yourself.  In order to help you get started smoothly, I will elaborate a few basic points."
msgstr "コンピュータシステムを学ぶことは新しい外国語を学ぶことに似ていると考えます。チュートリアルブックは有用ですが、実際に使って学ぶことが必要です。スムースなスタートが出きるように、いくつかの基本的なポイントを説明します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:282
msgid "The powerful design of <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> comes from the <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> operating system, i.e., a <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">multiuser</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">multitasking</ulink> operating system.  You must learn to take advantage of the power of these features and the similarities between Unix and GNU/Linux."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> の強力なデザインは <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">マルチユーザー</ulink>、 <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">マルチタスク</ulink> という <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> オペレーティングシステムに由来します。これら Unix と GNU/Linux の特徴や類似点の強力さを活用することを覚えましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:284
msgid "Don't shy away from Unix oriented texts and don't rely solely on GNU/Linux texts, as this will rob you of much useful information."
msgstr "Unix対象の文書を避けたり、GNU/Linuxに関する文書だけに頼ることは、有用な情報を見逃すことになるので止めましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:286
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition</ulink>\", in the Debian non-free archive as the <literal>rutebook</literal> package (popcon: &pop-rutebook;), provides a good online resource to the generic system administration."
msgstr "一般的なシステム管理に関する良好なオンラインリソースは、Debianのnon-freeアーカイブに<literal>rutebook</literal>パッケージ (popcon: &pop-rutebook;)としてある\"<ulink url=\"&ruteuserstutorialandexposition;\">Ruteユーザーのためのチュートリアルと解説書（Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition）</ulink>\" が提供しています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:288
msgid "If you have been using any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system for a while with command line tools, you probably know everything I explain here.  Please use this as a reality check and refresher."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix 的</ulink>システムをコマンドラインツールで少々使った経験があれば、私がここで説明することはすべてご存知でしょう。リアリティーチェックと記憶を呼び戻すのにこれを使ってください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:290
msgid "Console basics"
msgstr "コンソールの基礎"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:292
msgid "The shell prompt"
msgstr "シェルプロンプト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:293
msgid "Upon starting the system, you are presented with the character based login screen if you did not install <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>. Suppose your hostname is <literal>foo</literal>, the login prompt looks like:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Windowシステム</ulink> を <literal>gdm</literal> 等のディスプレーマネージャーとともにインストールしなかった場合には、システム起動の際に文字の login スクリーンが現れます。あなたのhost名が<literal>foo</literal>と仮定すると、loginプロンプトは以下です:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:295
#, no-wrap
msgid "foo login:"
msgstr "foo login:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:296
msgid "If you did install a <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> environment such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, then you can get to a login prompt by Ctrl-Alt-F1, and you can return to the GUI environment via Alt-F7 (see <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> below for more)."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>のような<ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink>環境をインストールした場合には、Ctrl-Alt-F1とすることでloginプロンプトが出て、Alt-F7とすることでGUI環境に戻れます（詳細は下記の<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>参照）。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:298
msgid "At the login prompt, you type your username, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, and press the Enter-key, then type your password and press the Enter-key again."
msgstr "loginプロンプトで、, 例えば<literal>penguin</literal>とあなたのユーザー名を打鍵しEnterキーを押し、さらにあなたのパスワードを打鍵しEnterキーを再び押します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:300
msgid "Following the Unix tradition, the username and password of the Debian system are case sensitive.  The username is usually chosen only from the lowercase.  The first user account is usually created during the installation.  Additional user accounts can be created with <literal>adduser</literal>(8) by root."
msgstr "Unixの伝統に従い、Debianシステムではユーザー名とパスワードに関して大文字小文字の区別をします。ユーザー名は通常小文字のみから選ばれます。最初のユーザーアカウントは通常インストールの際に作られます。追加のユーザーアカウントはrootによって<literal>adduser</literal>(8)を用いて作られます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:301
msgid "The system starts with the greeting message stored in \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" (Message Of The Day) and with the command prompt as:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" （本日のメッセージ：Message Of The Day）に保存されている歓迎メッセージとコマンドプロンプトで以下のように表示しシステムが起動されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:303
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
"Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"
msgstr ""
"Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n"
"Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:316
msgid "Here, the main part of the greeting message can be customized by editing the \"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\" file. The first line is generated from the system information using \"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"."
msgstr "ここで、歓迎メッセージの主要部分は\"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\"ファイルを編集することでカスタマイズできます。最初の行は\"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"用いたシステム情報から生成されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:318
msgid "Now you are in the <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink>. The shell interprets your commands."
msgstr "これであなたは<ulink url=\"&shell;\">シェル</ulink>の中にいます。シェルはあなたからのコマンドを解釈します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:322
msgid "The shell prompt under X"
msgstr "Xの下でのシェルプロンプト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:323
msgid "If you installed <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with a display manager such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s <literal>gdm</literal> by selecting \"Desktop environment\" task during the installation, you will be presented with the graphical login screen upon starting your system.  You type your username and your password to login to the non-privileged user account.  Use tab to navigate between username and password, or use the mouse and primary click."
msgstr "インストールの際に\"Desktop environment\"タスクを選定し<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>の<literal>gdm</literal>とともに<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Windowシステム</ulink>をインストールした場合には、システムの起動するとグラフィカルなloginプロンプトのスクリーンが表示されます。あなたのユーザー名とパスワードを入力することで非特権ユーザーアカウントにloginできます。タブ(tab)を用いたりマウスの第一クリックを用いるとユーザー名とパスワードの間を行き来できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:325
msgid "You can gain the shell prompt under X by starting a <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> program such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) or <literal>xterm</literal>(1).  Under the GNOME Desktop environment, clicking \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\" does the trick."
msgstr "<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)や<literal>rxvt</literal>(1)や<literal>xterm</literal>(1)のような<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>プログラムをXの下で起動するとシェルプロンプトが得られます。GNOMEデスクトップ環境下では、\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\"とクリックしてもうまくいきます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:327
msgid "You can also see the section below <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>."
msgstr "以下の<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>も参照ください."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:329
msgid "Under some other Desktop systems (like <literal>fluxbox</literal>), there may be no obvious starting point for the menu.  If this happens, just try (right) clicking the center of the screen and hope for a menu to pop-up."
msgstr "デスクトップ環境（例えば<literal>fluxbox</literal>）次第ではメニューの起点がよく分からないことがあります。そんな時はスクリーンの中央を（右）クリックしてメニューが表示されることを期待しましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:333
msgid "The root account"
msgstr "rootアカウント"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:334
msgid "The root account is also called <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superuser</ulink> or privileged user.  From this account, you can perform the following system administration activities:"
msgstr "rootアカウントは<ulink url=\"&superuser;\">スーパーユーザー</ulink>とか特権ユーザーとも呼ばれます。このアカウントからは以下のようなシステム管理活動ができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:339
msgid "read, write, and remove any files on the system irrespective of their file permissions"
msgstr "ファイルのパーミッションによらずシステム上のいかなるファイルに関して、読み・書き・削除をする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:344
msgid "set file ownership and permissions of any files on the system"
msgstr "システム上のいかなるファイルに関して、ファイルの所有者やパーミッションを設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:349
msgid "set the password of any non-privileged users on the system"
msgstr "システム上の非特権ユーザーのパスワードを設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:354
msgid "login to any accounts without their passwords"
msgstr "パスワード無しにいかなるアカウントにもloginする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:358
msgid "This unlimited power of root account requires you to be considerate and responsible when using it."
msgstr "rootアカウントの権限を使うには、この無制限の権限ゆえ配慮と責任ある行動が求められます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:360
msgid "Never share the root password with others."
msgstr "rootのパスワードを他人に決して教えてはいけない。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:361
msgid "File permissions of a file (including hardware devices such as CD-ROM etc. which are just another file for the Debian system) may render it unusable or inaccessible by non-root users.  Although the use of root account is a quick way to test this kind of situation, its resolution should be done through proper setting of file permissions and user's group membership (see <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)."
msgstr "ファイル（Debianシステムにとってはファイルの一種であるCD-ROM等のハードウエアデバイスも含む）のパーミッションは、非rootユーザーによるそのファイルの使用やアクセスをできなくなくすることがあります。この様な状況の下ではrootアカウントを使うことが簡便なテスト法ですが、問題解決はファイルのパーミッションとユーザーのグループのメンバーシップを適切に設定する必要があります（<xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>参照）。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:364
msgid "The root shell prompt"
msgstr "rootシェルプロンプト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:365
msgid "Here are a few basic methods to gain the root shell prompt by using the root password:"
msgstr "rootのパスワードを使ってrootのシェルプロンプトを使えるようにする基本的な方法を以下に記します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:370
msgid "At the character based login prompt, you simply type <literal>root</literal>."
msgstr "文字ベースのloginプロンプトで、単に<literal>root</literal>と入力する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:375
msgid "Under the GNOME Desktop environment, click \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\"."
msgstr "GNOMEデスクトップ環境下で、\"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\"とクリックする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:380
msgid "From any user shell prompt, type \"<literal>su -l</literal>\".  (This does not preserve the environment of the current user)"
msgstr "何らかのユーザーのシェルプロンプトから、\"<literal>su -l</literal>\"と入力する。（現ユーザーの環境を一切引き継がない。）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:385
msgid "From any user shell prompt, type \"<literal>su</literal>\". (This preserves some of the environment of the current user)"
msgstr "何らかのユーザーのシェルプロンプトから、\"<literal>su</literal>\"と入力する。（現ユーザーの環境をある程度引き継ぐ。）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:391
msgid "GUI system administration tools"
msgstr "GUIのシステム管理ツール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:392
msgid "When your desktop menu does not start GUI system administration tools automatically with the appropriate privilege, you can start them from the root shell prompt of the X terminal emulator, such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1), or <literal>xterm</literal>(1). See <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>."
msgstr "デスクトップのメニューがGUIのシステム管理ツールを適切な権限とともに自動的に起動しない場合、<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1)や<literal>rxvt</literal>(1)や<literal>xterm</literal>(1)のようなXターミナルエミュレーターのrootシェルプロンプトから起動できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:394
msgid "Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>(1)."
msgstr "<literal>gdm</literal>(1)等のディスプレーマネージャーのプロンプトに<literal>root</literal>と入力して、Xディスプレー/セッションマネージャーをrootアカウントのもとで決して起動してはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:395
msgid "Never run untrusted remote GUI program under X window when critical information is displayed since it may eavesdrop your X screen."
msgstr "クリチカルな情報が表示されている際には、あなたのXスクリーンを覗き見られるかもしれないのでリモートの信頼できないGUIプログラムを決して実行してはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:398
msgid "Virtual consoles"
msgstr "仮想コンソール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:399
msgid "In the default Debian system, there are six switchable <ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100-like</ulink> character consoles available to start the command shell directly on the Linux host.  Unless you are in a GUI environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the <literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> and one of the <literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal> keys simultaneously.  Each character console allows independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment.  This multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive."
msgstr "デフォルトのDebianシステムでは、６つの切り替え可能な<ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100様</ulink>の文字コンソールがあり、Linuxホスト上で直接コマンドシェルを起動できるようになっています。GUI環境下でない場合は、<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal>と<literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal>の中の一つのキーを同時に押すことで仮想コンソール間の切り替えができます。仮想ターミナルそれぞれに独立したアカウントでログインすることができ、。マルチユーザ環境を提供します。このマルチユーザ環境はUnixの偉大な機能で、癖になります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:401
msgid "If you are under the X Window System, you gain access to the character console 1 by pressing <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal> key, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-key</literal>, and the <literal>F1-key</literal> are pressed together.  You can get back to the X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing <literal>Alt-F7</literal>."
msgstr "X Windowシステムの下では、<literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal>キーを押す、つまり<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>left-Alt-key</literal>と<literal>F1-key</literal>キーを同時に押すと文字コンソール１にアクセスできます。通常仮想コンソール７で実行されているX Windowシステムへは<literal>Alt-F7</literal>を押すことにより戻れます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:403
msgid "You can alternatively change to another virtual console, e.g. to the console 1, by the command:"
msgstr "これとは別の方法もあります。今と違う仮想ターミナルへ、例えば仮想ターミナル１への変更は以下でできます："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:405
#, no-wrap
msgid "# chvt 1"
msgstr "# chvt 1"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:408
msgid "How to leave the command prompt"
msgstr "コマンドプロンプトからの退出方法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:409
msgid "You type <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal> and the <literal>d-key</literal> pressed together, at the command prompt to close the shell activity.  If you are at the character console, you will return to the login prompt with this.  Even though these control characters are referred as \"control D\" with the upper case, you do not need to press the Shift-key. The short hand expression, <literal>^D</literal>, is also used for <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>.  Alternately, you can type \"exit\"."
msgstr "コマンドプロンプトで<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>、つまり<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>d-key</literal>の同時押しをするとシェルでのアクティビティーを終了できます。文字コンソールの場合は、こうするとloginプロンプト戻ります。これらのコントロール文字は通常\"control D\"と大文字を使って表記されますが、Shiftキーを押す必要はありません。また<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>に関する簡略表記<literal>^D</literal>も使われます。この代わりに\"exit\"とタイプすることができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:411
msgid "If you are at <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1), you can close <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> window with this."
msgstr "<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1)にあっては、このようにすることで<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> のウインドーが閉じることができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:415
msgid "How to shutdown the system"
msgstr "シャットダウンの方法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:416
msgid "Just like any other modern OS where the file operation involves <ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">caching data</ulink> in memory for improved performance, the Debian system needs the proper shutdown procedure before power can safely be turned off. This is to maintain the integrity of files, by forcing all changes in memory to be written to disk. If the software power control is available, the shutdown procedure automatically turns off power of the system. (Otherwise, you may have to press power button for few seconds after the shutdown procedure.)"
msgstr "ファイル操作の際にパーフォーマンス向上のためにメモリへの<ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">データーのキャッシュ</ulink>がされる他の現代的なOSと同様に、Debianシステムでも電源を安全に切る前に適切なシャットダウン手順を取る必要があります。これはすべてのメモリー上の変更を強制的にディスクに書き出しすことで、ファイルの完全性を維持するためです。ソフトウエアーによる電源コントロールができる場合、シャットダウン手続きはシステムの電源を自動的に落とします。（これがうまくいかない時には、シャットダウン手続きの後で数秒間電源ボタンを押す必要があるかもしれません。）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:418
msgid "Under the normal multiuser mode, use following from the root command prompt to shutdown the system:"
msgstr "通常のマルチユーザーモード下では、rootコマンドプロンプトから以下によってシステムのシャットダウンをします："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:420
#, no-wrap
msgid "# shutdown -h now"
msgstr "# shutdown -h now"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:421
msgid "Under the single-user mode, use following from the root command prompt to shutdown the system:"
msgstr "シングルユーザーモード下では、rootコマンドプロンプトから以下によってシステムのシャットダウンをします："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:423
#, no-wrap
msgid "# poweroff -i -f"
msgstr "# poweroff -i -f"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:424
msgid "Alternatively, you may type <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal> (The <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>, and the <literal>Delete</literal> are pressed together) to shutdown if \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" contains \"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\" in it.  See <literal>inittab</literal>(5) for details."
msgstr "この他に、\"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\"に\"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\"と書かれていれば、<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal>（<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>と<literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>と<literal>Delete</literal>の同時押し）を入力するシャットダウン方法もあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:428
msgid "Recovering a sane console"
msgstr "まともなコンソールの回復"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:429
msgid "When the screen goes berserk after doing some funny things such as \"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\", type \"<literal>reset</literal>\" at the command prompt. You may not be able to see the command echoed as you type.  You may also issue \"<literal>clear</literal>\" to clean up the screen."
msgstr "例えば\"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\"のような変な事をした後でスクリーンが無茶苦茶になった場合、コマンドプロンプトに\"<literal>reset</literal>\"と入力してください。このときコマンドを入力してもスクリーンには読み取れる表示がされないかもしれません。\"<literal>clear</literal>\"とすればスクリーンが消去できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:433
msgid "Additional package suggestions for the newbie"
msgstr "初心者向け追加パッケージの提案"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:434
msgid "Although even the minimal installation of the Debian system without any desktop environment tasks provides the basic Unix functionality, it is a good idea to install few additional commandline and curses based character terminal packages such as <literal>mc</literal> and <literal>vim</literal> with <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) for beginners to get started.  From the shell prompt as root:"
msgstr "Debianシステムのデスクトップ環境タスク抜き最小限インストレーションですら基本的Unix機能を提供しますが、コマンドラインやcursesに基づく<literal>mc</literal>や<literal>vim</literal>等のいくつかの文字ターミナルパッケージを<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を使ってインストールするのは初心者の最初の一歩として良いことです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:436
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# aptitude update\n"
"...\n"
"# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"# aptitude update\n"
"...\n"
"# aptitude install mc vim sudo\n"
"..."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:440
msgid "If you already had these packages installed, nothing will be installed."
msgstr "既にこれらのパッケージがインストールされている場合には何もインストールされません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:443
msgid "List of interesting text-mode program packages."
msgstr "興味あるテキストモードのプログラムパッケージのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:452
#: debian-reference.en.xml:561
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1993
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4466
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8235
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8662
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9727
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9804
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10345
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13536
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13687
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13900
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14485
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14657
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14739
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14880
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15012
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15162
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15277
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15784
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16003
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16666
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17060
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17675
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18023
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18358
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18783
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19046
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19417
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19489
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19559
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19705
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20015
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20196
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20961
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21073
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21339
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21765
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21944
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22318
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22605
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22874
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23244
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23680
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24102
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24255
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24307
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24533
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25041
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25460
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26593
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26865
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27357
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27547
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27933
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28044
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28145
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28321
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28391
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28544
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28830
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29003
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29092
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29224
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29840
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29905
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30836
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31346
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31490
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31677
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31800
msgid "package"
msgstr "パッケージ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:455
#: debian-reference.en.xml:564
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1996
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4469
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8238
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8665
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9730
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9807
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10348
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10702
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13126
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13428
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13539
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13690
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13903
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14488
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14660
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14742
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14883
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15015
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15165
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15280
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15787
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16006
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16374
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16669
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17063
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17214
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17352
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17678
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18026
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18361
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18786
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19049
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19420
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19492
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19708
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20018
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20199
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20964
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21076
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21768
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21947
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22608
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22877
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23247
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23683
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24105
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24258
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24310
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24536
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25044
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25463
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26596
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26868
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27360
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27550
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27936
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28047
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28148
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28324
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28394
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28547
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28833
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29006
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29095
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29227
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29843
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29908
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30839
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31349
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31493
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31680
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31803
msgid "popcon"
msgstr "popcon"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:458
#: debian-reference.en.xml:567
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1999
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4472
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8241
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8668
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9733
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9810
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10351
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10705
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13129
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13431
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13542
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13693
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13906
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14491
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14663
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14745
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15018
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15168
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15283
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15790
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16009
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16377
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16672
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17066
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17217
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17355
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18364
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18789
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19052
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19423
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19495
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19565
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19711
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20021
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20202
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20967
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21079
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21345
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21679
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21771
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21950
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22324
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22611
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22880
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23250
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23686
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24108
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24261
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24313
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24539
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25047
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25466
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26599
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26871
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27363
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27553
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27939
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28050
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28151
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28327
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28397
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28550
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28836
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29009
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29098
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29230
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29846
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29911
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30842
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31352
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31496
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31683
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31806
msgid "size"
msgstr "サイズ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:461
#: debian-reference.en.xml:570
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2005
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2446
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3503
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3657
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4475
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5495
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5667
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7939
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8244
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8674
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9378
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9813
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10354
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12954
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13132
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13434
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13545
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13699
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14327
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14889
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15024
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15372
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15566
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16276
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16380
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16584
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17069
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17684
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18032
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18792
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19055
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19498
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19568
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19714
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20205
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20970
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21082
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21348
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21774
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21953
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22327
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23253
#: debian-reference.en.xml:23689
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24111
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24264
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24316
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24647
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24857
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25050
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26602
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28400
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31062
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31355
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31499
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31686
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31812
msgid "description"
msgstr "説明"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:467
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mc\"> <literal>mc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mc\"> <literal>mc</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:470
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mc\">&pop-mc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mc\">&pop-mc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:471
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mc.html\">&size-mc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mc.html\">&size-mc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:473
msgid "A text-mode full-screen file manager"
msgstr "テキストモードの全画面ファイルマネージャー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:477
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sudo\"> <literal>sudo</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sudo\"> <literal>sudo</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:480
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sudo\">&pop-sudo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sudo\">&pop-sudo;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:481
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sudo.html\">&size-sudo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sudo.html\">&size-sudo;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:483
msgid "A program to allow limited root privileges to users"
msgstr "ユーザーに限定的なroot権限を与えるプログラム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:487
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25085
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30150
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim\"> <literal>vim</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim\"> <literal>vim</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:490
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25088
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30153
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim\">&pop-vim;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim\">&pop-vim;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:491
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25089
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30154
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim.html\">&size-vim;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim.html\">&size-vim;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:493
msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (standard version)"
msgstr "UnixテキストエディターVi IMproved（改良版Vi）、プログラマーのためのテキストエディター（標準版）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:497
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim-tiny\"> <literal>vim-tiny</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/vim-tiny\"> <literal>vim-tiny</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:500
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim-tiny\">&pop-vimtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/vim-tiny\">&pop-vimtiny;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:501
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim-tiny.html\">&size-vimtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vim-tiny.html\">&size-vimtiny;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:503
msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (compact version)"
msgstr "UnixテキストエディターVi IMproved（改良版Vi）、プログラマーのためのテキストエディター（軽量版）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:507
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs21\"> <literal>emacs21</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs21\"> <literal>emacs21</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:510
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs21\">&pop-emacscb;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs21\">&pop-emacscb;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:511
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs21.html\">&size-emacscb;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs21.html\">&size-emacscb;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:513
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 21)"
msgstr "GNUプロジェクトEmacs、Lispに基づく拡張可能なテキストエディター（21版）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:517
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs22\"> <literal>emacs22</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/emacs22\"> <literal>emacs22</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:520
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs22\">&pop-emacscc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/emacs22\">&pop-emacscc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:521
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs22.html\">&size-emacscc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/emacs22.html\">&size-emacscc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:523
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 22)"
msgstr "GNUプロジェクトEmacs、Lispに基づく拡張可能なテキストエディター（22版）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:527
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13601
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27375
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/w3m\"> <literal>w3m</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/w3m\"> <literal>w3m</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:530
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13604
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27378
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/w3m\">&pop-wdm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/w3m\">&pop-wdm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:531
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13605
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27379
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/w3m.html\">&size-wdm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/w3m.html\">&size-wdm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:533
msgid "Text-mode WWW browsers"
msgstr "テキストモードWWWブラウザー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:537
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gpm\"> <literal>gpm</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gpm\"> <literal>gpm</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:540
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gpm\">&pop-gpm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gpm\">&pop-gpm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:541
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gpm.html\">&size-gpm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gpm.html\">&size-gpm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:543
msgid "The Unix style cut-and-paste on the text console (daemon)"
msgstr "テキストコンソール上のUnix式のカットアンドペースト（daemon）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:549
msgid "It may be a good idea to read some informative documentations."
msgstr "いくつかの参考資料を読むのも良いことです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:552
msgid "List of informative documentation packages."
msgstr "有用なドキュメンテーションパッケージのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:576
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-debian\"> <literal>doc-debian</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-debian\"> <literal>doc-debian</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:579
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-debian\">&pop-docdebian;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-debian\">&pop-docdebian;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:580
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-debian.html\">&size-docdebian;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-debian.html\">&size-docdebian;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:582
msgid "Debian Project documentation, (Debian FAQ) and other documents"
msgstr "Debianプロジェクトの文書、（Debian FAQ）他"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:586
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-policy\"> <literal>debian-policy</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-policy\"> <literal>debian-policy</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:589
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\">&pop-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\">&pop-debianpolicy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:590
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-policy.html\">&size-debianpolicy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-policy.html\">&size-debianpolicy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:592
msgid "Debian Policy Manual and related documents"
msgstr "Debianポリシーマニュアルと関連文書"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:596
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/developers-reference\"> <literal>developers-reference</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/developers-reference\"> <literal>developers-reference</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:599
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/developers-reference\">&pop-developersreference;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/developers-reference\">&pop-developersreference;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:600
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/developers-reference.html\">&size-developersreference;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/developers-reference.html\">&size-developersreference;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:602
msgid "Guidelines and information for Debian developers"
msgstr "Debian開発者のためのガイドラインと情報"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:606
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maint-guide\"> <literal>maint-guide</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maint-guide\"> <literal>maint-guide</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:609
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maint-guide\">&pop-maintguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maint-guide\">&pop-maintguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:610
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maint-guide.html\">&size-maintguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maint-guide.html\">&size-maintguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:612
msgid "Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
msgstr "Debian新メンテナ向けガイド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:616
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-history\"> <literal>debian-history</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-history\"> <literal>debian-history</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:619
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-history\">&pop-debianhistory;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-history\">&pop-debianhistory;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:620
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-history.html\">&size-debianhistory;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-history.html\">&size-debianhistory;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:622
msgid "History of the Debian Project"
msgstr "Debianプロジェクトの歴史"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:626
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-faq\"> <literal>debian-faq</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debian-faq\"> <literal>debian-faq</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:629
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq\">&pop-debianfaq;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq\">&pop-debianfaq;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:630
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-faq.html\">&size-debianfaq;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debian-faq.html\">&size-debianfaq;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:632
msgid "Debian FAQ"
msgstr "Debian FAQ（よくある質問集）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:636
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-text\"> <literal>doc-linux-text</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-text\"> <literal>doc-linux-text</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:639
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-text\">&pop-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-text\">&pop-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:640
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-text.html\">&size-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-text.html\">&size-doclinuxtext;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:642
msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (text)"
msgstr "Linux HOWTOとFAQ（テキスト版）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:646
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-html\"> <literal>doc-linux-html</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/doc-linux-html\"> <literal>doc-linux-html</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:649
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-html\">&pop-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/doc-linux-html\">&pop-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:650
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-html.html\">&size-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/doc-linux-html.html\">&size-doclinuxhtml;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:652
msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (html)"
msgstr "Linux HOWTOとFAQ（HTML版）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:656
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sysadmin-guide\"> <literal>sysadmin-guide</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sysadmin-guide\"> <literal>sysadmin-guide</literal> </ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:659
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sysadmin-guide\">&pop-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sysadmin-guide\">&pop-sysadminguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:660
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sysadmin-guide.html\">&size-sysadminguide;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sysadmin-guide.html\">&size-sysadminguide;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:662
msgid "The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
msgstr "Linuxシステム管理者ガイド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:666
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rutebook\"> <literal>rutebook</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rutebook\"> <literal>rutebook</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:669
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rutebook\">&pop-rutebook;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rutebook\">&pop-rutebook;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:670
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rutebook.html\">&size-rutebook;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rutebook.html\">&size-rutebook;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:672
msgid "Linux: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition (non-free)"
msgstr "Linux: Ruteユーザーのためのチュートリアルと解説書(non-free)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:678
msgid "You can install some of these packages by issuing the following command from the root shell prompt:"
msgstr "これらのパッケージはrootのシェルプロンプトから以下のコマンドを発行すればインストールできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:680
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude install package_name"
msgstr "# aptitude install package_name"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:683
msgid "An extra user account"
msgstr "追加のユーザーアカウント"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:684
msgid "If you do not want to use your main user account for the following training activities, you can create a training user account, e.g. <literal>fish</literal>.  Type at root shell prompt:"
msgstr "以下の練習のためにあなたのメインのユーザーアカウントを使いたくない場合には、例えば<literal>fish</literal>という追加のユーザーアカウントを作成できます。rootシェルプロンプトで以下のように入力します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:686
#, no-wrap
msgid "# adduser fish"
msgstr "# adduser fish"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:690
msgid "answer all the questions"
msgstr "すべての質問に返事をする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:694
msgid "This will create a new account named as <literal>fish</literal>.  After your practice, you can remove this user account and its home directory by:"
msgstr "こうすることで<literal>fish</literal>という名前の新しいアカウントが作られます。練習の後で、このユーザーとそのホームディレクトリーは以下のようのすれば削除できます："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:696
#, no-wrap
msgid "# deluser --remove-home fish"
msgstr "# deluser --remove-home fish"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:699
msgid "sudo configuration"
msgstr "sudoの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:700
msgid "For the typical single user workstation such as the desktop Debian system on the laptop PC, it is common to deploy simple configuration of <literal>sudo</literal>(8) as follows to let the non-privileged user, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege just with his user password (not with the root password)."
msgstr "ラップトップPC上のデスクトップのDebianシステム等のような典型的単一ユーザーワークステーションでは以下のような単純な<literal>sudo</literal>(8)の設定をして、非特権ユーザー（例えば<literal>penguin</literal>）に管理者権限を（rootパスワードではなく）ユーザー自身のパスワードで与えることがよくあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:702
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
msgstr "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:703
msgid "This trick should only be used for the single user workstation which you administer and where you are the only user."
msgstr "このトリックの使用は、単一ユーザーワークステーション上であなた自身が管理者でユーザーである際のみに限るべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:705
msgid "Do not set up accounts of regular users on multiuser workstation like this because it would be very bad for system security."
msgstr "システムセキュリティー上非常に悪い事態を招くので、マルチユーザーワークステーション上の通常ユーザーアカウントに対してこの様な設定をしてはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:706
msgid "The password and the account of the <literal>penguin</literal> in the above example requires as much protection as the root password and the root account."
msgstr "上記例のような<literal>penguin</literal>のパスワードとアカウントはrootパスワードやrootアカウント同様の保護が必要です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:707
msgid "Administrative privilege in this context belongs to someone authorized to perform the system administration task on the workstation.  Never give some manager in the Admin department of your company or your boss such privilege unless they are authorized and capable."
msgstr "この文脈上の管理者権限とはワークステーションに関するシステム管理業務をする権限を与えられた人に属します。そのような権限と能力を持っていければ、あなたの会社の管理部門の管理職や上司とはいえこのような監督者権限を与えてはいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:708
msgid "For providing access privilege to limited devices and limited files, you should consider to use <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> to provide limited access instead of using the <literal>root</literal> privilege via <literal>sudo</literal>(8)."
msgstr "特定デバイスや特定ファイルへのアクセスの権限を与えるには、<literal>sudo</literal>(8)をつかって得た<literal>root</literal>権限を用いるのではなく、<emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>を使って限定的アクセス与えることを考えるべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:709
msgid "With more thoughtful and careful configuration, <literal>sudo</literal>(8) can grant limited administrative privileges to other users on a shared system without sharing the root password.  This can help with accountability with hosts with multiple administrators so you can tell who did what.  On the other hand, you might not want anyone else to have such privileges."
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>(8)を使ってもう少し工夫された注意深い設定をすれば、共有システム上の他のユーザーにrootパスワードを教えること無く限定的管理権限を許可することができます。こうすることは、誰が何をしたかを明らかにするので、複数の管理者がいるホストにおける責任の所在を明らかにします。ただ、誰にもそんな権限を与えたく無いかもしれません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:712
msgid "Play time"
msgstr "お遊びの時間"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:713
msgid "Now you are ready to play with the Debian system without risks as long as you use the non-privileged user account."
msgstr "非特権ユーザーアカウントを使う限り全くリスク無くDebianシステムでお遊びをする準備万端です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:715
msgid "This is because the Debian system is, even after the default installation, configured with proper file permissions which prevent non-privileged users from damaging the system.  Of course, there may still be some holes which can be exploited but those who worry about these issues should not be reading this section but should be reading <ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
msgstr "何故なら、たとえデフォルトのインストール後ですらDebianシステムは非特権ユーザーがシステムに損害を与えられないように的確なファイルパーミッションが設定されているからです。もちろん、悪用可能な穴がまだあるかもしれません。でもこんな問題まで心配する人は、このセクションを読むべきではなく、<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>を読むべきです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:717
msgid "We will learn the Debian system as a <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system with:"
msgstr "Debianシステムを<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>システムとして以下で学びましょう："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:722
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (basic concept),"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/>（基本コンセプト）。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:727
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (survival method),"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/>（サバイバル手法）。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:732
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (basic method),"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/>（基本手法）。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:737
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell mechanism), and"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/>（シェルのメカニズム）。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:742
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (text processing method)."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/>（文字処理手法）。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:749
msgid "Unix-like filesystem"
msgstr "Unix-likeファイルシステム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:750
msgid "In GNU/Linux and other <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> operating systems, <ulink url=\"&files;\">files</ulink> are organized into <ulink url=\"&directories;\">directories</ulink>.  All files and directories are arranged in one big tree rooted at \"<literal>/</literal>\". It's called a tree because if you draw the file system, it looks like a tree (upside down)."
msgstr "GNU/Linuxや他の<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>オペレーティングシステムでは、<ulink url=\"&files;\">ファイル</ulink>は<ulink url=\"&directories;\">ディレクトリ</ulink>に整理されています。すべてのファイルやディレクトリは、\"<literal>/</literal>\"を根（root）に持つ一本の大きな木（ツリー）のようにアレンジされています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:752
msgid "These files and directories can be spread out over several devices. <literal>mount</literal>(8) serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree.  Conversely, <literal>umount</literal>(8) will detach it again.  On recent Linux kernels, <literal>mount</literal>(8) with some options can bind part of a file tree somewhere else or can mount filesystem as shared, private, slave, or unbindable.  Supported mount options for each filesystem are available in \"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"."
msgstr "この様なファイルやディレクトリはいくつかのデバイスにまたがって分散していてもかまいません。あるデバイス上にあるファイルシステムを大きなファイルツリーにマウントするのに<literal>mount</literal>(8)が使われます。その逆に、それを切り離すのに<literal>umount</literal>(8)が使われます。最近のLinuxカーネルでは、<literal>mount</literal>(8)をオプションとともに用いると、ファイルツリーの一部を別のところと結びつけたり、共有・非共有・従属・バインド不可としてファイルシステムをマウントもできます。各ファイルシステムごとの使用可能なマウントオプションは\"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"にあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:754
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Directories</emphasis> on Unix systems are called <emphasis role=\"strong\">folders</emphasis> on some other systems.  Please also note that there is no concept for <emphasis role=\"strong\">drive</emphasis> such as \"<literal>A:</literal>\" on any Unix system.  There is one file system, and everything is included. This is a huge advantage compared to Windows."
msgstr "Unixシステム上の<emphasis role=\"strong\">ディレクトリ</emphasis>は、一部の他システム上では<emphasis role=\"strong\">フォルダ</emphasis>と呼ばれます。Unixシステム上では\"<literal>A:</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">ドライブ</emphasis>というコンセプトが無いこと覚えておいてください。単一のファイルシステムがあって、そこにすべてが含まれています。これはWindowsと比べた際の大きな利点です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:757
msgid "Unix file basics"
msgstr "Unixファイルの基礎"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:758
msgid "Here are Unix file basics:"
msgstr "Unixファイルの基礎は以下です："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:763
msgid "Filenames are <emphasis role=\"strong\">case sensitive</emphasis>.  That is, \"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" and \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" are different files."
msgstr "ファイル名は<emphasis role=\"strong\">大文字小文字の区別</emphasis>があります。\"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\"と\"<literal>MyFile</literal>\"は異なるファイルです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:768
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">root directory</emphasis> means root of the filesystem referred as simply \"<literal>/</literal>\".  Don't confuse this with the home directory for the root user: \"<literal>/root</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">rootディレクトリ</emphasis>はフィルシステムの根を意味して、単に\"<literal>/</literal>\"と記載されます。これをrootユーザーのhomeディレクトリである\"<literal>/root</literal>\"と混同しないようにしてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:773
msgid "Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols <emphasis role=\"strong\">except \"<literal>/</literal>\"</emphasis>.  The root directory is an exception; its name is \"<literal>/</literal>\" (pronounced \"slash\" or \"the root directory\") and it cannot be renamed."
msgstr "全てのディレクトリには<emphasis role=\"strong\">\"<literal>/</literal>\"以外</emphasis>の文字・記号からなる名前がついています。rootディレクトリは例外で、その名前は\"<literal>/</literal>\"（\"スラッシュ\"とか\"rootディレクトリ\"と読まれます）でその名前を変えることはできません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:778
msgid "Each file or directory is designated by a <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">absolute filename</emphasis>, or <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>, giving the sequence of directories which must be passed through to reach it.  The three terms are synonymous."
msgstr "各ファイルやディレクトリは、たどっていくとファイルに到達するディレクトリの列付きの、<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全に記述したファイル名</emphasis>とか<emphasis role=\"strong\">絶対ファイル名</emphasis>とか<emphasis role=\"strong\">パス</emphasis>により指定されます。これらの３つの表現は同義語です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:783
#, fuzzy
msgid "All <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filenames</emphasis> begin with the \"<literal>/</literal>\" directory, and there's a \"<literal>/</literal>\" between each directory or file in the filename.  The first \"<literal>/</literal>\" is the top level directory, and the other \"<literal>/</literal>\"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file.  The words used here can be confusing.  Take the following <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as an example: \"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>\".  However, people will also refer to its basename \"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\" alone as a filename."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:788
msgid "The root directory has a number of branches, such as \"<literal>/etc/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/</literal>\".  These subdirectories in turn branch into still more subdirectories, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\".  The whole thing viewed collectively is called the <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory tree</emphasis>.  You can think of an absolute filename as a route from the base of the tree (\"<literal>/</literal>\") to the end of some branch (a file).  You will also hear people talk about the directory tree as if it were a <emphasis role=\"strong\">family</emphasis> tree: thus subdirectories have <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis>, and a path shows the complete ancestry of a file.  There are also relative paths that begin somewhere other than the root directory.  You should remember that the directory \"<literal>../</literal>\" refers to the parent directory.  This also applies to other directory like structures, such as data structures or other tree hierarchical organized entities."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:793
msgid "There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a physical device, such as your hard disk.  This differs from <ulink url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&microsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, where the path contains a device name such as \"<literal>C:\\</literal>\".  (However, directory entries do exist that refer to physical devices as a part of the normal filesystem.  See <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:797
msgid "While you <emphasis role=\"strong\">can</emphasis> use almost any letters or symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so.  It is better to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: <literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / &gt; &lt; | ; ! # &amp; ^ * % @ $</literal> .  If you want to separate words in a name, good choices are the period, hyphen, and underscore.  You could also capitalize each word, \"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". Experienced Linux users tend to avoid spaces in filenames."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:798
msgid "The word \"root\" can mean either \"root user\" or \"root directory\".  The context of their usage should make it clear."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:799
msgid "The word <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis> is used not only for <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as above but also for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">command search path</emphasis>.  The intended meaning is usually clear from the context."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:800
msgid "The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" and <literal>hier</literal>(7)).  You should remember the following facts as the starter:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:803
msgid "List of usage of key directories."
msgstr "キーディレクトリーの使い方のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:810
#: debian-reference.en.xml:997
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8932
msgid "directory"
msgstr "ディレクトリー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:813
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1173
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27007
msgid "usage"
msgstr "使い方"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:820
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3279
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5856
msgid "<literal>/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:823
msgid "A simple \"<literal>/</literal>\" represents the root directory."
msgstr "\"<literal>/</literal>\"だけだとrootディレクトリを表します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:828
msgid "<literal>/etc/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:831
msgid "This is the place for the system wide configuration files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:836
msgid "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:839
msgid "This is the place for the system log files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:844
msgid "<literal>/home/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/home/</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:847
msgid "This is the directory which contains all the home directories for all non-privileged users."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:855
msgid "Filesystem internals"
msgstr "ファイルシステムの内側"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:856
msgid "Following the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix tradition</emphasis>, the Debian GNU/Linux system provides the <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</ulink> under which physical data on harddisks and other storage devices reside, and the interaction with the hardware devices such as console screens and remote serial consoles are represented in an unified manner under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:858
msgid "Each file, directory, named pipe (a way two programs can share data), or physical device on a Debian GNU/Linux system has a data structure called an <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> which describes its associated attributes such as the user who owns it (owner), the group that it belongs to, the time last accessed, etc.  If you are really interested, see \"<literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal>\" for the exact definition of \"<literal>struct inode</literal>\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system. The idea of representing just about everything in the file system was a Unix innovation, and modern Linux kernels have developed this idea ever further. Now, even information about processes running in the computer can be found in the file system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:860
msgid "This abstract and unified representation of physical entities and internal processes is very powerful since this allows us to use the same command for the same kind of operation on many totally different devices. It is even possible to change the way the kernel works by writing data to special files that are linked to running processes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:862
msgid "If you need to identify the correspondence between the file tree and the physical entity, execute <literal>mount</literal>(8) with no arguments."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:865
msgid "Filesystem permissions"
msgstr "ファイルシステムのパーミッション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:866
msgid "<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">Filesystem permissions</ulink> of <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system are defined for three categories of affected users:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:871
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>),"
msgstr "ファイルを所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザー(user)</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>)と、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:876
msgid "other users in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>), and"
msgstr "ファイルが所属する<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ(group)</emphasis>中の他ユーザー(<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>)と、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:881
msgid "all <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis> users (<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>) also referred to as \"world\" and \"everyone\"."
msgstr "\"世界\"や\"全員\"とも呼ばれる、全<emphasis role=\"strong\">他ユーザー(other)</emphasis>(<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>)。選ばれたパッケージの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダウンロード</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis>を開始する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:885
msgid "For the file, each corresponding permission allows:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:890
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): to examine contents of the file,"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): ファイル内容確認と、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:895
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): to modify the file, and"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): ファイル内容変更と、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:900
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): to run the file as a command."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): ファイルをコマンドとして実行。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:904
msgid "For the directory, each corresponding permission allows:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:909
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): to list contents of the directory,"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>): ディレクトリー内容リストと、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:914
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): to add or remove files in the directory, and"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>): ディレクトリーへのファイルの追加削除と、"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:919
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): to access files in the directory.  Here, the <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> permission on a directory means not only to allow reading of files in that directory but also to allow viewing their attributes, such as the size and the modification time."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>): ディレクトリー内のファイルへのアクセス。ここで、ディレクトリーに関する<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis>許可とはディレクトリー内のファイルへの読みを許可するのみならず、サイズや変更時間のようなアトリビュート閲覧を許可します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:924
msgid "<literal>ls</literal>(1) is used to display permission information (and more) for files and directories.  When it is invoked with the \"<literal>-l</literal>\" option, it displays the following information in the order given:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:929
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">type of file</emphasis> (first character)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイルのタイプ</emphasis>（最初の文字）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:934
msgid "the access <emphasis role=\"strong\">permission</emphasis> of the file (nine characters, consisting of three characters each for user, group, and other in this order)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:939
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">number of hard links</emphasis> to the file"
msgstr "ファイルへの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ハードリンク数</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:944
msgid "the name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file"
msgstr "ファイルを所有する<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユ-ザー(user)</emphasis>の名前"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:949
msgid "the name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to"
msgstr "ファイルが所属する<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ(group)</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:954
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">size</emphasis> of the file in characters (bytes)"
msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">サイズ</emphasis>(文字数、バイト)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:959
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">date and time</emphasis> of the file (mtime)"
msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">日時</emphasis>(mtime)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:964
msgid "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">name</emphasis> of the file."
msgstr "ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">名前</emphasis>。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:969
msgid "List of the first character of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:976
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4103
msgid "character"
msgstr "文字"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:979
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1105
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1376
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1526
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3035
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4106
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5160
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8837
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8935
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9200
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9495
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11476
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11908
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12077
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18895
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26236
msgid "meaning"
msgstr "意味"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:986
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5776
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24771
msgid "<literal>-</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:989
msgid "normal file"
msgstr "通常ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:994
msgid "<literal>d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>d</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1002
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5848
msgid "<literal>l</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>l</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1005
msgid "symlink"
msgstr "シムリンク"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1010
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3926
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3929
msgid "<literal>c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>c</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1013
msgid "character device node"
msgstr "文字デバイス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1018
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20915
msgid "<literal>b</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>b</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1021
msgid "block device node"
msgstr "ブロックデバイス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1026
msgid "<literal>p</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>p</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1029
msgid "named pipe"
msgstr "名前付きパイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1034
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20899
msgid "<literal>s</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>s</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1037
msgid "socket"
msgstr "ソケット"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1043
msgid "<literal>chown</literal>(1) is used from the root account to change the owner of the file.  <literal>chgrp</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change the group of the file.  <literal>chmod</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change file and directory access permissions.  Basic syntax to manipulate a <literal>foo</literal> file is:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1045
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
"# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
"# chmod  [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1048
msgid "For example, in order to make a directory tree to be owned by a user <literal>foo</literal> and shared by a group <literal>bar</literal>, issue the following commands from the root account:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1050
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /some/location/\n"
"# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1053
msgid "There are three more special permission bits:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1058
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of user's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>),"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザーID</emphasis> (ユーザーの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>)、"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1063
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of group's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>), and"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis> (グループの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>)、"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1068
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> instead of other's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>).  Here the output of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" for these bits is <emphasis role=\"strong\">capitalized</emphasis> if execution bits hidden by these outputs are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unset</emphasis>."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティキービット</emphasis> (他ユーザーの<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>に代えて<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis>か<emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis>)。ここで、これらのビットの\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\"のアウトプットはこれらの出力によってかくされた実行ビットが<emphasis role=\"strong\">非設定(unset)</emphasis>の場合<emphasis role=\"strong\">大文字</emphasis>となります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1073
msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the owner ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Similarly, setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the group ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Because these settings can cause security risks, enabling them requires extra caution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1075
msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on a directory enables the <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD-like</ulink> file creation scheme where all files created in the directory belong to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> of the directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1077
msgid "Setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on a directory prevents a file in the directory from being removed by a user who is not the owner of the file.  In order to secure the contents of a file in world-writable directories such as \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" or in group-writable directories, one must not only reset the <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> permission for the file but also set the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on the directory.  Otherwise, the file can be removed and a new file can be created with the same name by any user who has write access to the directory."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1079
msgid "Here are a few interesting examples of file permissions."
msgstr "ファイルパーミッションの興味ある例を以下にいくつか示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1081
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"crw------- 1 root root   108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n"
"-rw-r----- 1 root shadow    943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n"
"-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root   700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwxrwt 10 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n"
"drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  4 root src   4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  2 root mail  4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n"
"drwxrwxrwt  2 root root  4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1092
msgid "There is an alternative numeric mode to describe file permissions with <literal>chmod</literal>(1).  This numeric mode uses 3 to 4 digit wide octal (radix=8) numbers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1095
msgid "The numeric mode for file permissions in <literal>chmod</literal>(1) commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1102
msgid "digit"
msgstr "数字"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1112
msgid "1st optional digit"
msgstr "１桁目(オプション)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1115
msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットユーザーID</emphasis> (=4)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">セットグループID</emphasis> (=2)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">スティキービット</emphasis> (=1)の和"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1120
msgid "2nd digit"
msgstr "２桁目"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1123
msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (=1) permissions for <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザー</emphasis>に関して、<emphasis role=\"strong\">読み(read)</emphasis> (=4)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">書き(write)</emphasis> (=2)と<emphasis role=\"strong\">実行(execute)</emphasis> (=1)ファイル許可の和"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1128
msgid "3rd digit"
msgstr "３桁目"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1131
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">グループ</emphasis>に関して、同上"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1136
msgid "4th digit"
msgstr "４桁目"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1139
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ユーザー</emphasis>に関して、同上"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1145
msgid "This sounds complicated but it is actually quite simple.  If you look at the first few (2-10) columns from \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" command output and read it as a binary (radix=2) representation of file permissions (\"-\" being \"0\" and \"rwx\" being \"1\"), the last 3 digit of the numeric mode value should make sense as an octal (radix=8) representation of file permissions to you.  For example, try:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1147
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ touch foo bar\n"
"$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
"$ chmod 644 bar\n"
"$ ls -l foo bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1153
msgid "If you need to access information displayed by \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" in shell script, you should use pertinent commands such as <literal>test</literal>(1), <literal>stat</literal>(1) and <literal>readlink</literal>(1).  The shell builtin such as \"<literal>[</literal>\" or \"<literal>test</literal>\" may be used too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1156
msgid "Control of permissions for newly created files: umask"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1157
msgid "What permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is restricted by the <literal>umask</literal> shell builtin command.  See <literal>dash</literal>(1), <literal>bash</literal>(1), and <literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1159
#, no-wrap
msgid " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) &amp; ~(umask value)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1161
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis> value examples."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis>値の例。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1170
msgid "umask"
msgstr "umask"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1176
msgid "file permissions created"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1179
msgid "directory permissions created"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1186
msgid "<literal>0022</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0022</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1189
msgid "writable only by the user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1192
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9388
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9422
msgid "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1195
msgid "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1200
msgid "<literal>0002</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0002</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1203
msgid "writable by the group"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1206
msgid "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1209
msgid "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1215
msgid "The Debian system uses a user private group (UPG) scheme as its default. A UPG is created whenever a new user is added to the system. A UPG has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the UPG. UPGs makes it is safe to set umask to <literal>0002</literal> since every user has their own private group.  (In some Unix variants, it is quite common to setup all normal users belonging to a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> group and is good idea to set umask to <literal>0022</literal> for security in such cases.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1219
msgid "Permissions for groups of users (group)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1220
msgid "In order to make group permissions to be applied to a particular user, that user needs to be made a member of the group using \"<literal>sudo vigr</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1222
msgid "Alternatively, you may dynamically add users to groups during the authentication process by adding \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and setting \"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  (See <xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>.)"
msgstr "もし\"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\"行が\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"に書き加えれ、\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\"に対応する設定がされていれば、実際のユーザーのグループメンバーシップは動的に割り当てられます。（<xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>参照。）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1223
msgid "The hardware devices are just another kind of file on the Debian system.  If you have problems accessing devices such as CD-ROM and USB memory stick from a user account, you should make that user a member of the relevant group."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1225
msgid "Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to access particular files and devices without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1228
msgid "List of example system-provided groups for file access."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1235
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1321
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9375
msgid "group"
msgstr "グループ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1238
msgid "accessible files and devices"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1245
msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dialout</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1248
msgid "Full and direct access to serial ports (\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1253
msgid "<literal>dip</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dip</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1256
msgid "Limited access to serial ports for <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to trusted peers."
msgstr "信頼できるピアーへの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダイアルアップIP</emphasis>接続をする際のシリアルポートへの制限付きアクセス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1261
msgid "<literal>cdrom</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cdrom</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1264
msgid "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW drives."
msgstr "CD-ROMやDVD+/-RWのドライバー。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1269
msgid "<literal>audio</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>audio</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1272
msgid "An audio device."
msgstr "音声デバイス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1277
msgid "<literal>video</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>video</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1280
msgid "A video device."
msgstr "映像デバイス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1285
msgid "<literal>scanner</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>scanner</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1288
msgid "Scanner(s)."
msgstr "スキャナー。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1293
msgid "<literal>adm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>adm</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1296
msgid "System monitoring logs."
msgstr "システムモニターのログ。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1301
msgid "<literal>staff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>staff</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1304
msgid "Some directories for junior administrative work: \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\", \"<literal>/home</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1310
msgid "You need to belong to the <literal>dialout</literal> group to reconfigure modem, dial anywhere, etc.  But if <literal>root</literal> creates pre-defined configuration files for trusted peers in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal>\", you only need to belong to the <literal>dip</literal> group to create <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to those trusted peers using <literal>pppd</literal>(8), <literal>pon</literal>(1), and <literal>poff</literal>(1) commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1311
msgid "Some notable system provided groups allow their members to execute particular commands without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1314
msgid "List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1324
msgid "accessible commands"
msgstr "実行可能なコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1331
msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1334
msgid "execute <literal>sudo</literal> without their password."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1339
msgid "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1342
msgid "execute commands to add, modify, and remove printers from printer databases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1347
msgid "<literal>plugdev</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>plugdev</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1350
msgid "execute <literal>pmount</literal>(1) for removable devices such as USB memories."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1356
msgid "For the full listing of the system provided users and groups, see the recent version of the \"Users and Groups\" document in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\" provided by the <literal>base-passwd</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1358
msgid "See <literal>passwd</literal>(5), <literal>group</literal>(5), <literal>shadow</literal>(5), <literal>newgrp</literal>(1), <literal>vipw</literal>(8), <literal>vigr</literal>(8), and <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) for the management commands of the user and group system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1362
msgid "Timestamps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1363
msgid "There are three types of timestamps for a GNU/Linux file."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1366
msgid "List of types of timestamps."
msgstr "タイムスタンプのタイプのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1373
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10708
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14666
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15021
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16581
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17687
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18035
msgid "type"
msgstr "タイプ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1383
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1386
msgid "the file modification time (<literal>ls -l</literal>)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1391
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1394
msgid "the file status change time (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1399
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1402
msgid "the last file access time (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1408
msgid "Note that <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>はファイル作成日時でないことに注意しましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1413
msgid "Overwriting a file will change all of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1418
msgid "Changing ownership or permissions of a file will change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr "ファイルの所有者や許可の変更をすると、ファイルの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>や<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> アトリビュートを変えます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1423
msgid "Reading a file will change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of the file.  Note that even simply reading a file on the Debian system will normally cause a file write operation to update <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> information in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>.  Mounting a filesystem with the \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" option will let the system skip this operation and will result in faster file access for the read. This is often recommended for laptops, because it reduces hard drive activity and saves power. See <literal>mount</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1428
msgid "Use <literal>touch</literal>(1) command to change timestamps of existing files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1430
msgid "For timestamps, the <literal>ls</literal> command outputs different strings under the modern English locale (\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\") from under the old one (\"<literal>C</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1432
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 foo\n"
"$ LANG=C  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 Mar  5 00:47 foo"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1436
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> to cutomize \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1439
msgid "Links"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1440
msgid "There are two methods of associating a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with a different filename \"<literal>bar</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1445
msgid "a <ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">hard link</ulink> is a duplicate name for an existing file (<literal>ln foo bar</literal>),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1450
msgid "a <ulink url=\"&symboliclink;\">symbolic link</ulink>, or \"symlink\", is a special file that points to another file by name (<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>).  See the following example for the changes in link counts and the subtle differences in the result of the <literal>rm</literal> command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1455
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ ln foo bar     # hard link\n"
"$ ln -s foo baz  # symlink\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n"
"$ rm foo\n"
"$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n"
"2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 foo\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Original Content\n"
"$ cat baz\n"
"New Content"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1474
msgid "The hardlink can be made within the same file system and shares the same inode number which the \"<literal>-i</literal>\" option with <literal>ls</literal>(1)  reveals."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1476
msgid "The symlink always has nominal file access permissions of \"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\", as shown in the above example, with the effective access permissions dictated by permissions of the file that it points to."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1478
msgid "It is generally good idea not to create complicated symbolic links or hardlinks at all unless you have a very good reason.  It may cause nightmares where the logical combination of the symbolic links results in loops in the filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1479
msgid "It is generally preferable to use symbolic links rather than hardlinks unless you have a good reason for using a hardlink."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1480
msgid "The \"<literal>.</literal>\" directory links to the directory that it appears in, thus the link count of any new directory starts at 2.  The \"<literal>..</literal>\" directory links to the parent directory, thus the link count of the directory increases with the addition of new subdirectories."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1482
msgid "If you are just moving to Linux from Windows, it will soon become clear how well-designed the filename linking of Unix is, compared with the nearest Windows equivalent of \"shortcuts\". Because it is implemented in the file system, applications can't see any difference between a linked file and the original. In the case of hardlinks, there really is no difference."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1486
msgid "Named pipes (FIFOs)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1487
msgid "A <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">named pipe</ulink> is a file that acts like a pipe.  You put something into the file, and it comes out the other end.  Thus it's called a FIFO, or First-In-First-Out: the first thing you put in the pipe is the first thing to come out the other end."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1489
msgid "If you write to a named pipe, the process which is writing to the pipe doesn't terminate until the information being written is read from the pipe.  If you read from a named pipe, the reading process waits until there is something to read before terminating.  The size of the pipe is always zero --- it does not store data, it just links two processes like the shell \"<literal>|</literal>\".  However, since this pipe has a name, the two processes don't have to be on the same command line or even be run by the same user. Pipes were a very influential innovation of Unix."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1491
msgid "You can try it by doing the following:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1493
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
"$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # put into background\n"
"[1] 8022\n"
"$ ls -l mypipe\n"
"prw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 mypipe\n"
"$ cat mypipe\n"
"hello\n"
"[1]+  Done                    echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
"$ ls mypipe\n"
"mypipe\n"
"$ rm mypipe"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1506
msgid "Sockets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1507
msgid "Sockets are used extensively by all the Internet communication, databases, and the operating system itself. It is similar to the named pipe (FIFO) and allows processes to exchange information even between different computers.  For the socket, those processes do not need to be running at the same time nor to be running as the children of the same ancestor process.  This is the endpoint for <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">the inter process communication (IPC)</ulink>.  The exchange of information may occur over the network between different hosts.  The two most common ones are <ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">the Internet socket</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">the Unix domain socket</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1509
msgid "\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\" will provide a very useful overview of the sockets that are open on a given system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1512
msgid "Device files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1513
msgid "<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Device files</ulink> refer to physical or virtual devices on your system, such as your hard disk, video card, screen, or keyboard.  An example of a virtual device is the console, represented by \"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1516
msgid "The device types."
msgstr "デバイスのタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1523
msgid "device type"
msgstr "デバイスのタイプ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1533
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">character device</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文字デバイス</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1536
msgid "This can be accessed one character at a time, that is, the smallest unit of data which can be written to or read from the device is a character (byte)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1541
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">block device</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ブロックデバイス</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1544
msgid "This must be accessed in larger units called blocks, which contain a number of characters.  Your hard disk is a block device."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1550
msgid "You can read and write device files, though the file may well contain binary data which may be an incomprehensible-to-humans gibberish.  Writing data directly to these files is sometimes useful for the troubleshooting of hardware connections.  For example, you can dump a text file to the printer device \"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\" or send modem commands to the appropriate serial port \"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\".  But, unless this is done carefully, it may cause a major disaster.  So be cautious."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1552
msgid "For the normal access to a printer, use <literal>lp</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1553
msgid "The device node number are displayed by executing <literal>ls</literal>(1) as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1555
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
"brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom   3,  0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n"
"crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n"
"crw-rw-rw- 1 root root    1,  5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1559
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6391
msgid "Here,"
msgstr "上記で："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1564
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" has the major device number 3 and the minor device number 0.  This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>disk</literal> group,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1569
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" has the major device number 4 and the minor device number 64.  This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>dialout</literal> group, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1574
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" has the major device number 1 and the minor device number 5.  This is read/write accessible by anyone."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1578
msgid "In the Linux 2.6 system, the filesystem under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\" is automatically populated by the <literal>udev</literal>(7) mechanism."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1582
msgid "Special device files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1583
msgid "There are some special device files."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1586
msgid "List of special device files."
msgstr "スペシャルなデバイスファイルのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1594
msgid "device file"
msgstr "デバイスファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1597
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2309
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6742
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11864
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12503
msgid "action"
msgstr "アクション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1600
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2312
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20463
msgid "response"
msgstr "レスポンス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1607
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1618
msgid "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1610
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1632
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1643
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1654
msgid "read"
msgstr "読み"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1613
msgid "it returns \"end-of-file (EOF) character\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1621
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1665
msgid "write"
msgstr "書き"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1624
msgid "it is a bottomless data dump pit."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1629
msgid "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1635
msgid "it returns \"the <literal>\\0</literal> (NUL) character\" (not the same as the number zero ASCII)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1640
msgid "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1646
msgid "it returns random characters from a true random number generator, delivering real entropy. (slow)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1651
msgid "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1657
msgid "it returns random characters from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1662
msgid "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1668
msgid "it returns the disk-full (ENOSPC) error."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1674
msgid "These are frequently used in conjunction with the shell redirection (see <xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1678
msgid "procfs and sysfs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1679
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> mounted on \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" and \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" are the pseudo-filesystem and expose internal data structures of the kernel to the userspace.  In other word, these entries are virtual, meaning that they act as a convenient window into the operation of the operating system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1681
msgid "The directory \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). System utilities that access process information, such as <literal>ps</literal>(1), get their information from this directory structure."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1683
msgid "The directories under \"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\" contain interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time.  (You may do the same through specialized <literal>sysctl</literal>(8) command or its preload/configuration file \"<literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1685
msgid "The Linux kernel may complain \"Too many open files\".  You can fix avoid this by increasing \"<literal>file-max</literal>\" value to a larger value from the root shell, e.g., \"<literal>echo \"65536\" &gt; /proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal>\" (This was needed on older kernels)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1686
msgid "People frequently panic when they notice one file in particular - \"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" - which is generally huge.  This is (more or less) a copy of the contents of your computer's memory.  It's used to debug the kernel.  It is a virtual file that points to computer memory, so don't worry about its size."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1688
msgid "The directory under \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" contains exported kernel data structures, their attributes, and the linkages between them. It also contains interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1690
msgid "See \"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\", \"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\" and other related documents in the Linux kernel documentation (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\") provided by the <literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1695
msgid "Midnight Commander (MC)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1696
msgid "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> is a GNU \"Swiss army knife\" for the Linux console and other terminal environments.  This gives newbie a menu driven console experience which is much easier to learn than standard Unix commands."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink>はLinux コンソールや他の端末環境のためのGNU製\"スイス軍ナイフ\"です。標準Unixコマンドを習うよりもより簡単なメニューを使ったコンソール経験が初心者にできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1698
msgid "You may need to install the Midnight Commander package which is titled \"<literal>mc</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>mc</literal>\"と名づけられた Midnight Commanderパッケージをインストールする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1700
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo aptitude install mc"
msgstr "$ sudo aptitude install mc"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1701
msgid "Use the <literal>mc</literal>(1) command to explore the Debian system.  This is the best way to learn.  Please explore few interesting locations just using the cursor keys and Enter key:"
msgstr "Debian システムを探検するために<literal>mc</literal>(1)コマンドを使いましょう。これは学習するための最良の方法です。カーソルキーとエンターキーを使うだけでいくつかの主要な場所を探検してください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1706
msgid "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1711
msgid "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1716
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" and its subdirectories."
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\"とサブディレクトリ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1721
msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\"と\"<literal>/bin</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1726
msgid "Customization of MC"
msgstr "MCのカスタム化"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1727
msgid "In order to make MC to change working directory upon exit and <literal>cd</literal> to the directory, I suggest to modify \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" to include:"
msgstr "終了時に作業ディレクトリをMCに変更させそのディレクトリへcdさせるためには、\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"を以下を含むように変更するとよい："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1729
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1730
msgid "See <literal>mc</literal>(1) (under the \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option) for the reason. (If you do not understand what exactly I am talking here, you can do this later.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1734
msgid "Starting MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1735
msgid "MC can be started by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1737
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1738
msgid "MC takes care of all file operations through its menu, requiring minimal user effort.  Just press F1 to get the help screen (see next paragraph if this doesn't work).  You can play with MC just by pressing cursor-keys and function-keys."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1740
msgid "In some consoles such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), key strokes of function-keys may be stolen by the console program.  You can disable these features by \"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" for <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>. In particular, consider removing the mapping of F1 to GNOME Terminal Help; doing so will allow F1 to show Midnight Commander help."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1742
msgid "If you encounter character encoding problem which displays garbage characters, adding \"<literal>-a</literal>\" to MC's command line may help prevent problems."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1744
msgid "If this doesn't clear up your display problems with MC, see <xref linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1748
msgid "File manager in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1749
msgid "The default is two directory panels containing file lists.  Another useful mode is to set the right window to \"information\" to see file access privilege information, etc.  Following are some essential keystrokes.  With the <literal>gpm</literal>(8) daemon running, one can use a mouse on Linux character consoles, too.  (Make sure to press the shift-key to obtain the normal behavior of cut and paste in MC.)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1752
msgid "The key bindings of MC."
msgstr "MCのキーバインディング"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1759
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2180
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5726
msgid "key"
msgstr "キー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1762
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2183
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5729
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18892
msgid "key binding"
msgstr "キーバインディング"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1769
msgid "<literal>F1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F1</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1772
msgid "Help menu"
msgstr "ヘルプメニュー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1777
msgid "<literal>F3</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F3</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1780
msgid "Internal file viewer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1785
msgid "<literal>F4</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F4</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1788
msgid "Internal editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1793
msgid "<literal>F9</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F9</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1796
msgid "Activate pull down menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1801
msgid "<literal>F10</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1804
msgid "Exit Midnight Commander"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1809
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2278
msgid "<literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Tab</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1812
msgid "Move between two windows"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1817
msgid "<literal>Insert</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1820
msgid "Mark file for a multiple-file operation such as copy"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1825
msgid "<literal>Del</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Del</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1828
msgid "Delete file (be careful---set MC to safe delete mode)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1833
msgid "Cursor keys"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1836
msgid "Self-explanatory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1844
msgid "Command-line tricks in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1848
msgid "Any <literal>cd</literal> command will change the directory shown on the selected screen."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1853
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> will copy a filename to the command line. Use this with <literal>cp</literal>(1) and <literal>mv</literal>(1) commands together with command-line editing."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1858
msgid "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> will show shell filename expansion choices."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1863
msgid "One can specify the starting directory for both windows as arguments to MC; for example, \"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1868
msgid "<literal>Esc</literal> <literal> <literal>n-key</literal> == <literal>Fn</literal> (i.e., <literal>Esc</literal> </literal> <literal>1</literal> = <literal>F1</literal>, etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> = <literal>F10</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1873
msgid "Pressing <literal>Esc</literal> before the key has the same effect as pressing the <literal>Alt</literal> and the key together.; i.e., type <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> for <literal>Alt-C</literal>.  <literal>Esc</literal> is called meta-key and sometimes noted as \"<literal>M-</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1879
msgid "The internal editor in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1880
msgid "The internal editor has an interesting cut-and-paste scheme.  Pressing <literal>F3</literal> marks the start of a selection, a second <literal>F3</literal> marks the end of selection and highlights the selection.  Then you can move your cursor.  If you press F6, the selected area will be moved to the cursor location.  If you press F5, the selected area will be copied and inserted at the cursor location.  <literal>F2</literal> will save the file.  <literal>F10</literal> will get you out.  Most cursor keys work intuitively."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1882
msgid "This editor can be directly started on a file:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1884
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mc -e filename_to_edit\n"
"$ mcedit filename_to_edit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1886
msgid "This is not a multi-window editor, but one can use multiple Linux consoles to achieve the same effect.  To copy between windows, use Alt-F&lt;n&gt; keys to switch virtual consoles and use \"File→Insert file\" or \"File→Copy to file\" to move a portion of a file to another file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1888
msgid "This internal editor can be replaced with any external editor of choice."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1890
msgid "Also, many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use.  If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>nano</literal>(1) initially, you may set these to \"<literal>mcedit</literal>\" by adding these lines to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1892
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
"export VISUAL=mcedit\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1896
msgid "I do recommend setting these to \"<literal>vim</literal>\" if possible."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1898
msgid "If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1), you can keep using <literal>mcedit</literal>(1) for most system maintenance tasks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1902
msgid "The internal viewer in MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1903
msgid "Very smart viewer.  This is a great tool for searching words in documents.  I always use this for files in the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" directory.  This is the fastest way to browse through masses of Linux information.  This viewer can be directly started like so:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1905
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view\n"
"$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1909
msgid "Auto-start features of MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1910
msgid "Press Enter on a file, and the appropriate program will handle the content of the file (see <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  This is a very convenient MC feature."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1913
msgid "The reaction to the enter key in MC."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1920
msgid "file type"
msgstr "ファイルタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1923
msgid "reaction to enter key"
msgstr "enterキーへの反応"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1930
msgid "executable file"
msgstr "実行ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1933
msgid "Execute command"
msgstr "コマンド実行"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1938
msgid "man file"
msgstr "manファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1941
msgid "Pipe content to viewer software"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1946
msgid "html file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1949
msgid "Pipe content to web browser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1954
msgid "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1957
msgid "Browse its contents as if subdirectory"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1963
msgid "In order to allow these viewer and virtual file features to function, viewable files should not be set as executable.  Change their status using <literal>chmod</literal>(1) or via the MC file menu."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1967
msgid "FTP virtual filesystem of MC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1968
msgid "MC can be used to access files over the Internet using FTP.  Go to the menu by pressing <literal>F9</literal>, then type \"<literal>p</literal>\" to activate the FTP virtual filesystem.  Enter a URL in the form \"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\", which will retrieve a remote directory that appears like a local one."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1970
msgid "Try \"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\" as the URL and browse the Debian archive."
msgstr "\"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\"をURLとしてDebianアーカイブを覗いてみましょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1975
msgid "The basic Unix-like work environment"
msgstr "基本のUnix的作業環境"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1976
msgid "Although MC enables you to do almost everything, it is very important for you to learn how to use the command line tools invoked from the shell prompt and become familiar with the Unix-like work environment."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:1979
msgid "The login shell"
msgstr "loginシェル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1980
msgid "You can select your login shell with <literal>chsh</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:1983
msgid "List of shell programs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2002
msgid "POSIX shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2011
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29940
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bash\"> <literal>bash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2014
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29943
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bash\">&pop-bash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bash\">&pop-bash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2015
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29944
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bash.html\">&size-bash;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2017
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2043
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2056
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2069
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2095
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2108
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2134
msgid "Yes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2020
msgid "<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: the GNU Bourne Again SHell. (de facto standard)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2024
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcsh\"> <literal>tcsh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2027
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcsh\">&pop-tcsh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcsh\">&pop-tcsh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2028
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcsh.html\">&size-tcsh;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2030
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2082
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2121
msgid "No"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2033
msgid "<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: an enhanced version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2037
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dash\"> <literal>dash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2040
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dash\">&pop-dash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dash\">&pop-dash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2041
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dash.html\">&size-dash;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2046
msgid "The Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>. Good for shell script."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2050
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/zsh\"> <literal>zsh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2053
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zsh\">&pop-zsh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zsh\">&pop-zsh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2054
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/z/zsh.html\">&size-zsh;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2059
msgid "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>: the standard shell with many enhancements."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2063
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pdksh\"> <literal>pdksh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2066
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pdksh\">&pop-pdksh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pdksh\">&pop-pdksh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2067
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pdksh.html\">&size-pdksh;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2072
msgid "A public domain version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2076
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/csh\"> <literal>csh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2079
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/csh\">&pop-csh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/csh\">&pop-csh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2080
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/csh.html\">&size-csh;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2085
msgid "<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, a version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2089
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sash\"> <literal>sash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2092
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sash\">&pop-sash;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sash\">&pop-sash;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2093
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sash.html\">&size-sash;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2098
msgid "<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> with builtin commands. (Not meant for standard \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2102
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ksh\"> <literal>ksh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2105
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ksh\">&pop-ksh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ksh\">&pop-ksh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2106
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/ksh.html\">&size-ksh;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2111
msgid "The real, AT&amp;T version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2115
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/rc\"> <literal>rc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2118
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rc\">&pop-rc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/rc\">&pop-rc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2119
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/r/rc.html\">&size-rc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2124
msgid "An implementation of the <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink> <ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rc shell</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2128
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/posh\"> <literal>posh</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2131
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/posh\">&pop-posh;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/posh\">&pop-posh;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2132
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/posh.html\">&size-posh;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2137
msgid "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell. A <literal>pdksh</literal> derivative."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2143
msgid "In this tutorial chapter, the interactive shell always means <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2147
msgid "Customizing bash"
msgstr "Bashのカスタム化"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2148
msgid "You can customize <literal>bash</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\".  For example, I added followings to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2150
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# CD upon exiting MC\n"
". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n"
"\n"
"# set CDPATH to good one\n"
"CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~/Desktop/src:~/Desktop:~\n"
"export CDPATH\n"
"\n"
"PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n"
"# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
"if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
"  PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n"
"fi\n"
"export PATH\n"
"\n"
"EDITOR=vim\n"
"export EDITOR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2166
msgid "You can find more <literal>bash</literal> customization tips, such as <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, in <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2169
msgid "Special key strokes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2170
msgid "In the <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment, there are few key strokes which have special meanings.  Please note that on a normal Linux character console, only the left-hand <literal>Ctrl</literal> and <literal>Alt</literal> keys work as expected.  Here are few notable key strokes to remember."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2173
msgid "List of key bindings for bash."
msgstr "Bashのキーバインディングのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2190
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2193
msgid "Erase line before cursor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2198
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2201
msgid "Erase a character before cursor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2206
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2209
msgid "Terminate input.  (exit shell if you are using shell)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2214
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2217
msgid "Terminate a running program."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2222
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2225
msgid "Temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2230
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2233
msgid "Halt output to screen."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2238
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2241
msgid "Reactivate output to screen."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2246
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2249
msgid "Reboot/halt the system, see <literal>inittab</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2254
msgid "<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> (optionally, <literal>Windows-key</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2257
msgid "Meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2262
msgid "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2265
msgid "Start command history search under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2270
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2273
msgid "Start incremental command history search under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2281
msgid "Complete input of the filename to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2286
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2289
msgid "Input <literal>Tab</literal> without expansion to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2295
msgid "The terminal feature of <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> can be disabled using <literal>stty</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2298
msgid "Unix style mouse operations"
msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2299
msgid "Unix style mouse operations are based on the 3 button mouse system."
msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作は３ボタンマウスが基本です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2302
msgid "List of Unix style mouse operations."
msgstr "Unix流のマウス操作のリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2319
msgid "Left-click-and-drag mouse"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2322
msgid "Select and copy to the clipboard."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2327
msgid "Left-click"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2330
msgid "Select the start of selection."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2335
msgid "Right-click"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2338
msgid "Select the end of selection and copy to the clipboard."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2343
msgid "Middle-click"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2346
msgid "Paste clipboard at the cursor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2352
msgid "The center wheel on the modern wheel mouse is considered middle mouse button and can be used for middle-click.  Clicking left and right mouse buttons together serves as the middle-click under the 2 button mouse system situation.  In order to use a mouse in Linux character consoles, you need to have <literal>gpm</literal>(8) running as daemon."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2356
msgid "The pager"
msgstr "ページャー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2357
msgid "<literal>less</literal>(1) is the enhanced pager (file content browser).  Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" for help.  It can do much more than <literal>more</literal>(1) and can be supercharged by executing \"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\" in the shell startup script. See more in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\".  The \"<literal>-R</literal>\" option allows raw character output and enables ANSI color escape sequences.  See <literal>less</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2361
msgid "The text editor"
msgstr "テキストエディター"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2362
msgid "You should become proficient in one of the variants of <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> programs which are popular in the Unix-like system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2364
msgid "I think getting used to Vim commands is the right thing to do, since Vi-editor is always there in the Linux/Unix world.  (Actually, original <literal>vi</literal> or new <literal>nvi</literal> are the programs you find everywhere.  I chose Vim instead for newbie since it offers you help through <literal>F1</literal> key while it is similar enough and more powerful.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2366
msgid "If you chose either <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> instead as your choice of the editor, that is another good choice indeed, particularly for programming.  Emacs has a plethora of other features as well, including functioning as a newsreader, directory editor, mail program, etc..  When used for programming or editing shell scripts, it intelligently recognizes the format of what you are working on, and tries to provide assistance.  Some people maintain that the only program they need on Linux is Emacs.  Ten minutes learning Emacs now can save hours later.  Having the gnu Emacs manual for reference when learning Emacs is highly recommended."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2368
msgid "All these programs usually come with tutoring program for you to learn them by practice.  Start Vim by typing \"<literal>vim</literal>\" and press F1-key.  You should at least read the first 35 lines.  Then do the online training course by moving cursor to \"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\" and pressing <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2370
msgid "Good editors, such as Vim and Emacs, can be used to handle UTF-8 and other exotic encoding texts correctly with proper option in the x-terminal-emulator on X under UTF-8 locale with proper font settings.  Please refer to their documentation on multibyte text."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2373
msgid "Setting a default text editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2374
msgid "Debian comes with a number of different editors. We recommend to install the <literal>vim</literal> package, as mentioned above."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2376
msgid "Debian provides unified access to the system default editor via command \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\" so other programs (e.g., <literal>reportbug</literal>(1)) can invoke it.  You can change it by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2378
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2379
msgid "The choice \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\" over \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>\" is my recommendation for newbies since it supports syntax highlighting."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2381
msgid "Many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use (see <xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  For the consistency on Debian system, set these to \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\". (Historically, \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" was \"<literal>ed</literal>\" and \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" was \"<literal>vi</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2384
msgid "Customizing vim"
msgstr "Vimのカスタム化"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2385
msgid "You can customize <literal>vim</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\".  For example, I use:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2387
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\" -------------------------------\n"
"\" Local configuration\n"
"\"\n"
"set nocompatible\n"
"set nopaste\n"
"set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
"syn on\n"
"if $USER == \"root\"\n"
" set nomodeline\n"
" set noswapfile\n"
"else\n"
" set modeline\n"
" set swapfile\n"
"endif\n"
"\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
"\" filler\n"
"\" filler"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2406
msgid "Recording the shell activities"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2407
msgid "The output of the shell command may roll off your screen and may be lost forever.  It is good practice to log shell activities into the file for you to review them later.  This kind of record is essential when you perform any system administration tasks."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2409
msgid "The basic method of recording the shell activity is to run it under <literal>script</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2411
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19209
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ script\n"
"Script started, file is typescript"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2416
msgid "do whatever shell commands …"
msgstr "何らかのシェルコマンドの実行 …"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2421
msgid "press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2425
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim typescript"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2426
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2430
msgid "Basic Unix commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2431
msgid "Let's learn the basic Unix commands.  Here I use \"Unix\" in its generic sense.  Any Unix clone OSs usually offer the equivalent commands.  The Debian system is no exception.  Do not worry if some commands do not work as you wish now. If <literal>alias</literal> is used in the shell, its corresponding command outputs are different.  These examples are not meant to be executed in this order."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2433
msgid "Try all the following commands from the non-privileged user account:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2436
msgid "List of basic Unix commands."
msgstr "基本のUnixコマンドのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2443
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5432
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6745
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9626
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9736
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11861
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12500
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12951
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14110
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15563
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18318
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19426
#: debian-reference.en.xml:21604
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22614
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24644
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24854
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25038
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26590
msgid "command"
msgstr "コマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2453
msgid "<literal>pwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2456
msgid "Display name of current/working directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2461
msgid "<literal>whoami</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2464
msgid "Display current user name."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2469
msgid "<literal>id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2472
msgid "Display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2477
msgid "<literal>file &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2480
msgid "Display a type of file for the file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2485
msgid "<literal>type -p &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2488
msgid "Display a file location of command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2493
msgid "<literal>which &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2496
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2520
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6036
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6044
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6052
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6060
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10736
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10749
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10762
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10775
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10788
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10801
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10827
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10840
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10892
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10905
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10931
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10944
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10983
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10996
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11022
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11035
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11048
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11074
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11087
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11113
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11126
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11139
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11152
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11165
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11178
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11191
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11204
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11217
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11230
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11243
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11256
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11269
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11282
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11295
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11926
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13617
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13627
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13637
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13647
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15202
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15228
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15241
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15390
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15401
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15412
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15423
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15445
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15456
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15467
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15821
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15889
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15912
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15915
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15925
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15938
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15941
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16066
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16105
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16131
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16134
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16144
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16170
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16173
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16209
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16222
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18389
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18399
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18409
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18469
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18499
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18509
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24875
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24915
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24939
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24963
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24987
msgid ", ,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2501
msgid "<literal>type &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2504
msgid "Display information on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2509
msgid "<literal>apropos &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2512
msgid "Find commands related to \"<literal>&lt;key-word&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2517
msgid "<literal>man -k &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2525
msgid "<literal>whatis &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2528
msgid "Display one line explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2533
msgid "<literal>man -a &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2536
msgid "Display explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\". (Unix style)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2541
msgid "<literal>info &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2544
msgid "Display rather long explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\". (GNU style)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2549
msgid "<literal>ls</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2552
msgid "List contents of directory.  (non-dot files and directories)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2557
msgid "<literal>ls -a</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2560
msgid "List contents of directory.  (all files and directories)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2565
msgid "<literal>ls -A</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2568
msgid "List contents of directory.  (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip \"<literal>..</literal>\" and \"<literal>.</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2573
msgid "<literal>ls -la</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2576
msgid "List all contents of directory with detail information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2581
msgid "<literal>ls -lai</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2584
msgid "List all contents of directory with inode number and detail information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2589
msgid "<literal>ls -d</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2592
msgid "List all directories under the current directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2597
msgid "<literal>tree</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2600
msgid "Display file tree contents."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2605
msgid "<literal>lsof &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2608
msgid "List open status of file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2613
msgid "<literal>lsof -p &lt;pid&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2616
msgid "List files opened by the process ID: \"<literal>&lt;pid&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2621
msgid "<literal>mkdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2624
msgid "Make a new directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2629
msgid "<literal>rmdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2632
msgid "Remove a directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2637
msgid "<literal>cd &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2640
msgid "Change directory to the directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current directory or in the directory listed in the variable \"<literal>$CDPATH</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2645
msgid "<literal>cd /</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2648
msgid "Change directory to the root directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2653
msgid "<literal>cd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2656
msgid "Change directory to the current user's home directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2661
msgid "<literal>cd /&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2664
msgid "Change directory to the absolute path directory \"<literal>/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2669
msgid "<literal>cd ..</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2672
msgid "Change directory to the parent directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2677
msgid "<literal>cd ~&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2680
msgid "Change directory to the home directory of the user \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2685
msgid "<literal>cd -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2688
msgid "Change directory to the previous directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2693
msgid "<literal>&lt;/etc/motd pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2696
msgid "Display contents of \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" using the default pager."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2701
msgid "<literal>touch &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2704
msgid "Create a empty file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2709
msgid "<literal>cp &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2712
msgid "Copy a existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new file \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2717
msgid "<literal>rm &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2720
msgid "Remove a file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2725
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2733
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2728
msgid "Rename an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new name \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\". The directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must not exist."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2736
msgid "Move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\". The directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2741
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2744
msgid "Move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location with a new name \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\".  The directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist but the directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\" must not exist."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2749
msgid "<literal>chmod 600 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2752
msgid "Make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be non-readable and non-writable by the other people.  (non-executable for all)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2757
msgid "<literal>chmod 644 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2760
msgid "Make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but non-writable by the other people.  (non-executable for all)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2765
msgid "<literal>chmod 755 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2768
msgid "Make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but non-writable by the other people.  (executable for all)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2773
msgid "<literal>find .  -name &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2776
msgid "find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\". (slower)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2781
msgid "<literal>locate -d .  &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2784
msgid "find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\". (quicker using regularly generated database)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2789
msgid "<literal>grep -e \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" *.html</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2792
msgid "Find a \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" in all of the files ending with \"<literal>.html</literal>\" in current directory and display them all."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2797
msgid "<literal>top</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2800
msgid "Display process information using full screen.  Type \"<literal>q</literal>\" to quit."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2805
msgid "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2808
msgid "Display information on all the running processes using BSD style output."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2813
msgid "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2816
msgid "Display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style output."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2821
msgid "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2824
msgid "Display all processes running \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2829
msgid "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2832
msgid "Display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2837
msgid "<literal>kill &lt;1234&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2840
msgid "Kill a process identified by the process ID: \"&lt;1234&gt;\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2845
msgid "<literal>gzip &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2848
msgid "Compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2853
msgid "<literal>gunzip &lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2856
msgid "Decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2861
msgid "<literal>bzip2 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2864
msgid "Compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.  (Better compression than <literal>gzip</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2869
msgid "<literal>bunzip2 &lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2872
msgid "Decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2877
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2880
msgid "Extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2885
msgid "<literal>tar -xvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2888
msgid "Extract files from gzipped \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2893
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf -j &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2896
msgid "Extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2901
msgid "<literal>tar -cvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2904
msgid "Archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2909
msgid "<literal>tar -cvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2912
msgid "Archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in compressed \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2917
msgid "<literal>tar -cvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2 &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2920
msgid "Archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2925
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2928
msgid "Display contents of compressed \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" using the default pager."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2933
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2936
msgid "Create a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2941
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2944
msgid "Append the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" to the end of the file \"<literal>foo</literal>\".  (If it does not exist, create it first.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2950
msgid "Unix has a tradition to hide filenames which start with \"<literal>.</literal>\".  They are traditionally files that contain configuration information and user preferences."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2951
msgid "For <literal>cd</literal> command, see <literal>builtins</literal>(7)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2952
msgid "The default pager of the bare bone Debian system is <literal>more</literal>(1) which cannot scroll back.  By installing the <literal>less</literal> package using command line \"<literal>aptitude install less</literal>\", <literal>less</literal>(1) becomes default pager and you can scroll back with cursor keys."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2953
msgid "The \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the regular expression of the \"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" command above enable <literal>grep</literal> to avoid matching itself.  The \"<literal>4*</literal>\" in the regular expression means 0 or more repeats of character \"<literal>4</literal>\" thus enables <literal>grep</literal> to match both \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\".  Although \"<literal>*</literal>\" is used in the shell filename glob and the regular expression, their meanings are different in the regular expression.  Learn the regular expression from <literal>grep</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2954
msgid "Please traverse directories and peek into the system using the above commands as training.  If you have questions on any of the console commands, please make sure to read the manual page.  For example, these commands are the good start:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2956
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ man man\n"
"$ man bash\n"
"$ man builtins\n"
"$ man grep\n"
"$ man ls"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2961
msgid "The style of man pages may be a little hard to get used to, because they are rather terse, particularly the older, very traditional ones. But once you get used to it, you come to appreciate their succinctness."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2963
msgid "Please note that many Unix-like commands including ones from GNU and BSD will display brief help information if you invoke them in one of the following ways (or without any arguments in some cases):"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2965
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; -h"
msgstr ""
"$ &lt;コマンド名&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;コマンド名&gt; -h"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2970
msgid "The simple shell command"
msgstr "シェルプロンプト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2971
msgid "Now you have some feel on how to use the Debian system.  Let's look deep into the mechanism of the command execution in the Debian system. Here, I have simplified reality for the newbie.  See <literal>bash</literal>(1) for the exact explanation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2973
msgid "A simple command is a sequence of:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2978
msgid "variable assignments (optional)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:2983
msgid "command name"
msgstr "コマンド名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2988
msgid "arguments (optional)"
msgstr "引数（オプション）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2993
msgid "redirections (optional: <literal>&gt;</literal> , <literal>&gt;&gt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;&lt;</literal> , etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:2998
msgid "control operator (optional: <literal>&amp;&amp;</literal> , <literal>||</literal> ; &lt;newline&gt; , <literal>;</literal> , <literal>&amp;</literal> , <literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal> )"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3003
msgid "Command execution and environment variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3004
msgid "The values of some <ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">environment variables</ulink> change the behavior of some Unix commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3006
msgid "The default values of environment variables are initially set by the PAM system and then some of them may be reset by some application programs:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3011
msgid "the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3016
msgid "the shell in its start up codes \"<literal>~/bash_profile</literal>\" and \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3021
msgid "\"$LANG\" variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3022
msgid "The full locale value given to \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable consists of 3 parts: \"<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3025
msgid "3 parts of locale value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3032
msgid "locale value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3042
msgid "<literal>xx</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3045
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639 language codes (lower case) such as \"en\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3050
msgid "<literal>YY</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3053
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166 country codes (upper case) such as \"US\"</ulink>　"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3058
msgid "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3061
msgid "<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">codeset, always set to \"UTF-8\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3067
msgid "For language codes and country codes, see pertinent description in the \"<literal>info gettext</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3069
msgid "For the codeset on the modern Debian system, you should always set it to <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis> unless you specifically want to use the historic one with good reason and background knowledge."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3071
msgid "For fine details of the locale configuration, see <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3073
msgid "The \"<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>\" is not \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" nor \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\". It is \"<literal>LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3075
msgid "List of locale recommendations."
msgstr "推奨ロケールのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3082
msgid "Language (area)"
msgstr "言語（地域）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3085
msgid "locale recommendation"
msgstr "推奨ロケール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3092
msgid "English(USA)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3095
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19315
msgid "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3100
msgid "English(Great_Britain)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3103
msgid "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3108
msgid "French(France)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3111
msgid "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3116
msgid "German(Germany)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3119
msgid "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3124
msgid "Italian(Italy)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3127
msgid "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3132
msgid "Spanish(Spain)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3135
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19326
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19359
msgid "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3140
msgid "Catalan(Spain)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3143
msgid "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3148
msgid "Swedish(Sweden)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3151
msgid "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3156
msgid "Portuguese(Brasil)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3159
msgid "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3164
msgid "Russian(Russia)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3167
msgid "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3172
msgid "Chinese(P.R._of_China)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3175
msgid "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3180
msgid "Chinese(Taiwan_R.O.C.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3183
msgid "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3188
msgid "Japanese(Japan)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3191
msgid "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3196
msgid "Korean(Republic_of_Korea)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3199
msgid "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3204
msgid "Vietnamese(Vietnam)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3207
msgid "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3213
msgid "Typical command execution uses a shell line sequence like the following:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3215
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Sun Jun  3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n"
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3219
msgid "Here, the program <literal>date</literal>(1) is executed in the foreground job.  The environment variable \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3224
msgid "system default <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> (such as \"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" depending on your configuration) for the first command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3229
msgid "set to \"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\" (French UTF-8 <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> assuming it is available on your system) for the second command Most command executions usually do not have preceding environment variable definition.  For the above example, you can alternatively execute:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3234
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n"
"$ date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3237
msgid "As you can see here, the output of command is affected by the environment variable to produce French output.  If you want the environment variable to be inherited to the subprocesses (e.g., when calling shell script), you need to \"export\" it instead by using:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3239
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ export LANG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3240
msgid "When filing a bug report, running the command under \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" is good idea if you use non-English environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3241
msgid "See <literal>locale</literal>(5) and <literal>locale</literal>(7) for \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" and related environment variables."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3243
msgid "I recommend you to configure the system environment just by the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable and to stay away from \"<literal>$LC_*</literal>\" variables unless it is absolutely needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3246
msgid "\"$PATH\" variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3247
msgid "When you type a command into the shell, the shell searches the command in the list of directories contained in the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable.  The value of the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable is also called the shell's search path."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3249
msgid "In the default Debian installation, the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of user accounts may not include \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/sbin</literal>\".  For example, the <literal>ifconfig</literal> command needs to be issued with full path as \"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\". (Similar <literal>ip</literal> command is located in \"<literal>/bin</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3251
msgid "You can change the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of Bash shell by \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3255
msgid "\"$HOME\" variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3256
msgid "Many commands stores user specific configuration in the home directory and changes their behavior by their contents.  The home directory is identified by the environment variable \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3259
msgid "List of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" values."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3266
msgid "situation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3269
msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3276
msgid "program run by the init process (daemon)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3284
msgid "program run from the normal root shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3287
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3319
msgid "<literal>/root</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3292
msgid "program run from the normal user shell"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3295
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3303
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3311
msgid "<literal>/home/&lt;normal_user&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3300
msgid "program run from the normal user GUI desktop menu"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3308
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo program</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3316
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3325
msgid "Shell expands \"<literal>~/</literal>\" to current user’s home directory, i.e., \"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\". Shell expands \"<literal>~foo/</literal>\" to <literal>foo</literal>'s home directory, i.e., \"<literal>/home/foo/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3329
msgid "Command line options"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3330
msgid "Some commands take arguments.  Arguments starting with \"<literal>-</literal>\" or \"<literal>--</literal>\" are called options and control the behavior of the command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3332
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n"
"$ date -R\n"
"Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3336
msgid "Here the command-line argument \"<literal>-R</literal>\" changes <literal>date</literal>(1) behavior to output <ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink> compliant date string."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3340
msgid "Shell glob"
msgstr "シェルグロブ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3341
msgid "Often you want a command to work with a group of files without typing all of them.  The filename expansion pattern using the shell <emphasis role=\"strong\">glob</emphasis>, (sometimes referred as <emphasis role=\"strong\">wildcards</emphasis>), facilitate this need."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3344
msgid "Shell glob patterns."
msgstr "シェルグロブパターン"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3351
msgid "shell glob pattern"
msgstr "シェルグロブパターン"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3354
msgid "match"
msgstr "マッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3361
msgid "<literal>*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3364
msgid "This matches filename (segment) not started with \"<literal>.</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3369
msgid "<literal>.*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3372
msgid "This matches filename (segment) started with \"<literal>.</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3377
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5744
msgid "<literal>?</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3380
msgid "This matches exactly one character."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3385
msgid "<literal>[…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3388
msgid "This matches exactly one character with any character enclosed in brackets."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3393
msgid "<literal>[a-z]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3396
msgid "This matches exactly one character with any character between \"<literal>a</literal>\" and \"<literal>z</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3401
msgid "<literal>[^…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3404
msgid "This matches exactly one character other than any character enclosed in brackets (excluding \"<literal>^</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3410
msgid "For example, try the following and think for yourself:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3412
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mkdir junk; cd junk; .[^.]*touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo *.txt\n"
"1.txt 2.txt\n"
"$ echo *\n"
"1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo *.[hc]\n"
"3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo .*\n"
". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo .*[^.]*\n"
".5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo [^1-3]*\n"
"4.h\n"
"$ cd ..; rm -rf junk"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3426
msgid "See <literal>glob</literal>(7) for more."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3428
msgid "Unlike normal filename expansion by the shell, the shell pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" tested in <literal>find</literal>(1) with \"<literal>-name</literal>\" test etc., matches the initial \"<literal>.</literal>\" of the filename. (New <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> feature)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3429
msgid "BASH can be tweaked to change its glob behavior with its shopt builtin options such as \"<literal>dotglob</literal>\", \"<literal>noglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nullglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>extglob</literal>\", etc.  See <literal>bash</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3432
msgid "Return value of the command"
msgstr "コマンドの戻り値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3433
msgid "Each command returns its exit status (variable: \"<literal>$?</literal>\") as the return value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3436
msgid "Command exit codes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3444
msgid "command exit status"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3447
msgid "numeric return value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3450
msgid "logical return value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3457
msgid "success"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3460
msgid "zero, 0"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3463
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">真</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3468
msgid "error"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3471
msgid "non-zero, -1"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3474
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FALSE</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">偽</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3480
msgid "Thus:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3482
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n"
"0\n"
"$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n"
"1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3486
msgid "Please note that, in the logical context for the shell, <emphasis role=\"strong\">success</emphasis> is treated as the logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis> which has 0 (zero) as its value.  This is somewhat non-intuitive and needs to be reminded here."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3489
msgid "Typical command sequences and shell redirection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3490
msgid "Let's try to remember following shell command idioms."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3493
msgid "Shell command idioms."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3500
msgid "command idiom (type in one line)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3510
msgid "<literal>command &amp;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3513
msgid "The <literal>command</literal> is executed in the subshell in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">background</emphasis>."
msgstr "<literal>command</literal>は<emphasis role=\"strong\">バックグラウンド</emphasis>でサブシェルの中で実行されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3518
msgid "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3521
msgid "The standard output of <literal>command1</literal> is piped to the standard input of <literal>command2</literal> .  Both commands may be running <emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrently</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3526
msgid "<literal>command1 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3529
msgid "Both standard output and standard error of <literal>command1</literal> are piped to the standard input of <literal>command2</literal>.  Both commands may be running <emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrently</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3534
msgid "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3537
msgid "The <literal>command1</literal> and <literal>command2</literal> are executed <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3542
msgid "<literal>command1 &amp;&amp; command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3545
msgid "The <literal>command1</literal> is executed.  If successful, <literal>command2</literal> is also executed <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>.  Return success if both <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">and</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3550
msgid "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3553
msgid "The <literal>command1</literal> is executed.  If not successful, <literal>command2</literal> is also executed <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>.  Return success if <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">or</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3558
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3561
msgid "Redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (overwrite)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3566
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3569
msgid "Redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (overwrite)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3574
msgid "<literal>command &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3577
msgid "Redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (append)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3582
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3585
msgid "Redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>.  (append)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3590
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo 2&gt;&amp;1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3593
msgid "Redirect both standard output and standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3598
msgid "<literal>command &lt; foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3601
msgid "Redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3606
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt; delimiter</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3609
msgid "Redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met.  (Here documents)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3614
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt;- delimiter</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3617
msgid "Redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met.  The leading tab characters are stripped from input lines. (Here documents)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3623
msgid "The Debian system is a multi-tasking system. Background jobs allow users to run multiple programs in a single shell.  The management of the background process involves the shell builtins: <literal>jobs</literal>, <literal>fg</literal>, <literal>bg</literal>, and <literal>kill</literal>.  Please read the sections of bash(1) under \"SIGNALS\", and \"JOB CONTROL\", and <literal>builtins</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3625
msgid "Let's try simple examples of redirection:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3627
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ &lt;/etc/motd pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3628
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager &lt;/etc/motd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3629
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager /etc/motd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3630
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cat /etc/motd | pager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3631
msgid "Although all 4 examples display the same thing, the last example runs an extra <literal>cat</literal> command and wastes resources with no reason."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3633
msgid "The shell allows you to open files using the <literal>exec</literal> builtin with an arbitrary file descriptor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3635
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo Hello &gt;foo\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;foo 4&gt;bar  # open files\n"
"$ cat &lt;&amp;3 &gt;&amp;4       # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;&amp;- 4&gt;&amp;-    # close files\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Hello"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3641
msgid "Here, \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&lt;&amp;-</literal>\" and \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>&gt;&amp;-</literal>\" mean to close the file descriptor \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis></literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3643
msgid "The file descriptor 0-2 are predefined:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3646
msgid "Predefined file descriptors."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3654
msgid "device"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3660
msgid "file descriptor"
msgstr "ファイルデスクリプタ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3667
msgid "<literal>stdin</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3670
msgid "standard input"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3673
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9207
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20372
msgid "0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3678
msgid "<literal>stdout</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3681
msgid "standard output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3684
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7970
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9218
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10603
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20771
msgid "1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3689
msgid "<literal>stderr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3692
msgid "standard error"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3695
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9229
msgid "2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3703
msgid "Command alias"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3704
msgid "You can set an alias for the frequently used command.  For example:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3706
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ alias la='ls -la'"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3707
msgid "Now, \"<literal>la</literal>\" works as a short hand for \"<literal>ls -la</literal>\" which lists all files in the long listing format."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3709
msgid "You can list any existing aliases:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3711
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ alias"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3712
msgid "You can identity exact path or identity of the command using <literal>type</literal> builtins command.  For example:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3714
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ type ls\n"
"ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n"
"$ type la\n"
"la is aliased to ls -la\n"
"$ type echo\n"
"echo is a shell builtin\n"
"$ type file\n"
"file is /usr/bin/file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3722
msgid "Here <literal>ls</literal> was recently searched while \"<literal>file</literal>\" was not, thus \"<literal>ls</literal>\" is \"hashed\", i.e., the shell has an internal record for the quick access to the location of the \"<literal>ls</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3724
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4089
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3728
msgid "Unix-like text processing"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3729
msgid "In Unix-like work environment, text processing is done by piping text through chains of standard text processing tools. This was another crucial Unix innovation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3732
msgid "Unix text tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3733
msgid "There are few standard text processing tools which are used very often on the Unix-like system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3738
msgid "No regular expression is used:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3743
msgid "<literal>cat</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs the whole content."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3748
msgid "<literal>tac</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs in reverse."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3753
msgid "<literal>cut</literal>(1) selects parts of lines and outputs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3758
msgid "<literal>head</literal>(1) outputs the first part of files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3763
msgid "<literal>tail</literal>(1) outputs the last part of files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3768
msgid "<literal>sort</literal>(1) sorts lines of text files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3773
msgid "<literal>uniq</literal>(1) removes duplicate lines from a sorted file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3778
msgid "<literal>tr</literal>(1) translates or deletes characters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3783
msgid "<literal>diff</literal>(1) compares files line by line."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3790
msgid "Basic regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>) is used:"
msgstr "基本正規表現(<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)が使用される："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3795
msgid "<literal>grep</literal>(1) matches text with the pattern."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3800
msgid "<literal>ed</literal>(1) is a primitive line editor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3805
msgid "<literal>sed</literal>(1) is a stream editor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3810
msgid "<literal>vim</literal>(1) is a screen editor."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3815
msgid "<literal>emacs</literal>(1) is a screen editor. (somewhat extended <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3822
msgid "Extended regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>) is used:"
msgstr "拡張正規表現(<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>)が使用される："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3827
msgid "<literal>egrep</literal>(1) matches text with pattern."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3832
msgid "<literal>awk</literal>(1) does simple text processing."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3837
msgid "<literal>tcl</literal>(3tcl) does every conceivable type of text processing: <literal>re_syntax</literal>(3). Often used with <literal>tk</literal>(3tk)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3842
msgid "<literal>perl</literal>(1) does text processing, is capable of network programming, and much more.  <literal>perlre</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3847
msgid "<literal>pcregrep</literal>(1) from the <literal>pcregrep</literal> package matches text with <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink> pattern."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3852
msgid "<literal>python</literal>(1) with the <literal>re</literal> module does every conceivable text processing. See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3858
msgid "If you are not sure what exactly these commands do, please use \"<literal>man command</literal>\" to figure it out by yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3860
msgid "Sort order and range expression are locale dependent.  If you wish to obtain traditional behavior for a command, use <emphasis role=\"strong\">C</emphasis> locale instead of <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> ones by prepnding command with \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_lang_variable\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3861
msgid "<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> regular expressions (<literal>perlre</literal>(1)), <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink> regular expressions offered by the <literal>re</literal> module have many common extensions to the normal <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3864
msgid "Regular expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3865
msgid "<ulink url=\"&regularexpressions;\">Regular expressions</ulink> are used in many text processing tools.  They are analogous to the shell globs, but they are both more complicated and more powerful."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3867
msgid "The regular expression describes the matching pattern and is made up of text characters and <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3869
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> is just a character with a special meaning.  There are 2 major styles, <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>, depending on the text tools as described above."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3872
msgid "Metacharacters for BRE and ERE."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3880
msgid "BRE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3883
msgid "ERE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3886
msgid "The meaning of the regular expression"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3893
msgid "<literal> \\ .  [ ] ^ $ * </literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3896
msgid "<literal>\\ .  [ ] ^ $ *</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3899
msgid "Common <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "共通の<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3904
msgid "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3907
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3915
msgid " "
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3910
msgid "BRE only \"<literal>\\</literal>\" quoted <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "\"<literal>\\</literal>\"でクオートされた、BREのみで用いる<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3918
msgid "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3921
msgid "ERE only non-\"<literal>\\</literal>\" quoted <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "\"<literal>\\</literal>\"でクオートされ無い、EREのみで用いる<emphasis role=\"strong\">メタ文字</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:3932
msgid "This matches the <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-metacharacter</emphasis> \"<literal>c</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">非メタ文字</emphasis> \"<literal>c</literal>\"をマッチする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3937
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3940
msgid "<literal>\\c</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3943
msgid "This sequence matches the literal character \"<literal>c</literal>\" even if \"<literal>c</literal>\" is <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> by itself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3948
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3951
msgid "<literal>.</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3954
msgid "This matches any character including newline."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3959
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3962
msgid "<literal>^</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3965
msgid "This matches the beginning of a string."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3970
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3973
msgid "<literal>$</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3976
msgid "This matches the end of a string."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3981
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3984
msgid "<literal>\\&lt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3987
msgid "This matches the beginning of a word."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3992
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3995
msgid "<literal>\\&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:3998
msgid "This matches the end of a word."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4003
msgid "<literal>\\[abc…\\]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4006
msgid "<literal>[abc…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4009
msgid "This character list matches any of the characters \"<literal>abc…</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4014
msgid "<literal>\\[^abc…\\]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4017
msgid "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4020
msgid "This negated character list matches any of the characters except \"<literal>abc…</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4025
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4028
msgid "<literal>r*</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4031
msgid "This matches zero or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4036
msgid "<literal>r\\+</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4039
msgid "<literal>r+</literal> T"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4042
msgid "his matches one or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4047
msgid "<literal>r\\?</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4050
msgid "<literal>r?</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4053
msgid "This matches zero or one regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4058
msgid "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4061
msgid "<literal>r1|r2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4064
msgid "This matches one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" or \"<literal>r2</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4069
msgid "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4072
msgid "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4075
msgid "This matches one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" or \"<literal>r2</literal>\" and treats it as a <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4081
msgid "The regular expression of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis> is basically <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> but has been extended to treat \"<literal>+</literal>\"and \"<literal>?</literal>\" as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis> as in <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>.  Thus, there are no needs to quote them with \"<literal>\\</literal>\" in the regular expression of <literal>emacs</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4083
msgid "For example, <literal>grep</literal>(1) can be used to perform the text search using the regular expression:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4085
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4092
msgid "Replacement expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4093
msgid "For the replacement expression, following characters have special meanings:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4096
msgid "The replacement expression."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4113
msgid "<literal>&amp;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4116
msgid "This represents what the regular expression matched.  (use <literal>\\&amp;</literal> in <literal>emacs</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4121
msgid ""
"<literal>\\n"
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4124
msgid "This represents what the n-th <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression matched. (\"n\" being number)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4130
msgid ""
"For Perl replacement string, \"<literal>$n</literal>\" is used instead of \"<literal>\\n"
"</literal>\" and \"<literal>&amp;</literal>\" has no special meaning."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4132
msgid "For example:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4134
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=&amp;="
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4146
msgid "Here please pay extra attention to the style of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression and how the matched strings are used in the text replacement process on different tools."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4148
msgid "These regular expressions can be used for the cursor movements and the text replacement actions in the editors too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4150
msgid "The back slash \"<literal>\\</literal>\" at the end of line in the shell commandline escapes newline as a white space character and continues shell command line input to the next line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4152
msgid "Please read all the related manual pages to learn these commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4156
msgid "Global substitution with regular expressions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4157
msgid "The <literal>ed</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\" by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4159
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ed file &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n"
"w\n"
"q\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4164
msgid "The <literal>vim</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\" by using <literal>ex</literal>(1) commands:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4166
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4167
msgid "The \"<literal>c</literal>\" flag in the above ensures interactive confirmation for each substitution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4168
msgid "Multiple files (\"<literal>file1</literal>\", \"<literal>file2</literal>\", and \"<literal>file3</literal>\") can be processed with regular expressions similarly with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>perl</literal>(1):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4170
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4171
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4172
msgid "In the perl(1) example, \"<literal>-i</literal>\" is for in-place editing, \"<literal>-p</literal>\" is for implicit loop over files.  If the substitution is complex, you can make recovery from errors easier by using the parameter \"<literal>-i.bak</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>-i</literal>\"; this will keep each original file, adding \"<literal>.bak</literal>\" as a file extension."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4174
msgid "While <literal>ed</literal>(1) and <literal>vim</literal>(1) are <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>, <literal>perl</literal>(1) is <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4177
msgid "Extract data from text file table"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4178
msgid "Let's consider a text file called <literal>DPL</literal> in which some pre-2004 Debian project leader's names and their initiation days are listed in a space-separated format."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4182
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Bruce   Perens    April   1996\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"Wichert Akkerman  January 1999\n"
"Ben     Collins   April   2001\n"
"Bdale   Garbee    April   2002\n"
"Martin  Michlmayr March   2003"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4189
msgid "See <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">\"A Brief History of Debian\"</ulink> for the latest <ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian leadership history</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4190
msgid "Awk is frequently used to extract data from these types of files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4192
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ awk '{ print $3 }' &lt;DPL                   # month started\n"
"August\n"
"April\n"
"January\n"
"January\n"
"April\n"
"April\n"
"March\n"
"$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' &lt;DPL          # DPL called Ian\n"
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' &lt;DPL # When Perens started\n"
"April 1996"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4205
msgid "Shells such as Bash can be also used to parse this kind of file:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4207
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ while read first last month year; do\n"
"    echo $month\n"
"  done &lt;DPL"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4213
msgid "same output as the first Awk example."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4217
msgid "Here, the <literal>read</literal> builtin command uses the characters in \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" (internal field separators) to split lines into words."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4220
msgid "If you change \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" to \"<literal>:</literal>\", you can parse \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" with shell nicely:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4222
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\"   # save old value\n"
"$ IFS=':'\n"
"$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n"
"    if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n"
"      echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"  done &lt; /etc/passwd\n"
"bozo's ID is 1000\n"
"$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\"   # restore old value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4231
msgid "(If Awk is used to do the equivalent, use \"<literal>FS=':'</literal>\" to set the field separator.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4233
msgid "IFS is also used by the shell to split results of parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.  These do not occur within double or single quoted words.  The default value of IFS is &lt;space&gt;, &lt;tab&gt;, and &lt;newline&gt; combined."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4235
msgid "Be careful about using this shell IFS tricks.  Strange things may happen, when shell interprets some parts of the script as its <emphasis role=\"strong\">input</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4238
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ IFS=\":,\"                        # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n"
"$ echo IFS=$IFS,   IFS=\"$IFS\"     # echo is a Bash builtin\n"
"IFS=  , IFS=:,\n"
"$ date -R                         # just a command output\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)                 # sub shell --&gt; input to main shell\n"
"Sat  23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n"
"$ unset IFS                       # reset IFS to the default\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4250
msgid "Script snippets for piping commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4251
msgid "The following scripts will do nice things as a part of a pipe."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4254
msgid "List of script snippets for piping commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4261
msgid "script snippet (type in one line)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4264
msgid "effect"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4271
msgid "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4274
msgid "find all files under \"<literal>/usr</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4279
msgid "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4282
msgid "print 1 to 100"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4287
msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 &lt;command&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4290
msgid "run command repeatedly with each item from pipe as its argument (see <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4295
msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 echo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4298
msgid "split white-space-separated items from pipe into lines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4303
msgid "<literal> | xargs echo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4306
msgid "merge all lines from pipe into a line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4311
msgid "<literal> | grep -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4314
msgid "extract lines from pipe containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4319
msgid "<literal> | grep -v -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4322
msgid "extract lines from pipe not containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4327
msgid "<literal> | cut -d: -f3 -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4330
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by \"<literal>:</literal>\" (passwd file etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4335
msgid "<literal> | awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4338
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by whitespaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4343
msgid "<literal> | awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4346
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by tab"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4351
msgid "<literal> | col -bx</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4354
msgid "remove backspace and expand tabs to spaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4359
msgid "<literal> | expand -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4362
msgid "expand tabs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4367
msgid "<literal> | sort| uniq</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4370
msgid "sort and remove duplicates"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4375
msgid "<literal> | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4378
msgid "convert uppercase to lowercase"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4383
msgid ""
"<literal> | tr -d '\\n"
"'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4386
msgid "concatenate lines into one line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4391
msgid "<literal> | tr -d '\\r'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4394
msgid "remove CR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4399
msgid "<literal> | sed 's/^/# /'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4402
msgid "add \"<literal>#</literal>\" to the start of each line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4407
msgid "<literal> | sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4410
msgid "remove \"<literal>.ext</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4415
msgid "<literal> | sed -n -e 2p</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4418
msgid "print the second line"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4423
msgid "<literal> | head -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4426
msgid "print the first 2 lines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4431
msgid "<literal> | tail -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4434
msgid "print the last 2 lines"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4440
msgid "When using the shell interactive mode becomes too complicated, please consider to write a shell script (see <xref linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4446
msgid "Debian package management"
msgstr "Debianパケージ管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4447
msgid "This chapter is written assuming the latest stable release is codename: <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>."
msgstr "本章は最新安定版リリースがコード名：<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>と言う前提で書かれています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4448
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> is a volunteer organization which builds <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent</emphasis> distributions of pre-compiled binary packages of free software and distributes them from its archive."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink>は、フリーソフトウエアのコンパイル済みバイナリーパッケージからなる<emphasis role=\"strong\">整合性</emphasis>あるディストリビューションを作り、そのアーカイブを通じてそれらを頒布するボランティア組織です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4450
msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">The Debian archive</ulink> is offered by <ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">many remote mirror sites</ulink> for access through HTTP and FTP methods. It is also available as <ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debianのアーカイブ</ulink>は、HTTPやFTP法によるアクセスされるための<ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">多くのリモートのミラーサイト</ulink>として提供されています。それは、<ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>によっても提供されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4452
msgid "The Debian package management system, <emphasis role=\"strong\">when used properly</emphasis>, offers the user to install <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent sets of binary packages</emphasis> to the system from the archive.  Currently, there are &all-packages; packages available for the &arch; architecture."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理システムは、<emphasis role=\"strong\">適切に使われれば</emphasis>、<emphasis role=\"strong\">バイナリーパッケージの整合性ある組み合わせ</emphasis>がアーカイブからシステムにインストールされるようになっています。現在、&arch;アーキテクチャーには&all-packages;つのパッケージがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4454
msgid "The Debian package management system has a rich history and many choices for the front end user program and back end archive access method to be used.  Currently, we recommend <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) as the main front end program for the Debian package management activity."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理システムは、多彩な歴史があり、使用されるフロントエンドのユーザープログラムやバックエンドのアーカイブへのアクセス方法に多くの選択肢があります。現在はDebianのパッケージ管理活動のメインフロントエンドプログラムとして<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を推薦します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4457
msgid "List of Debian package management tools."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理ツールのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4481
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/aptitude\"> <literal>aptitude</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4484
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/aptitude\">&pop-aptitude;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4485
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/aptitude.html\">&size-aptitude;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4487
msgid "terminal-based package manager (current standard, front-end for <literal>apt</literal>)"
msgstr "ターミナルベースのパケージマネージャー(現在の標準、<literal>apt</literal>のフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4491
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt\"> <literal>apt</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4494
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt\">&pop-apt;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt\">&pop-apt;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4495
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html\">&size-apt;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4497
msgid "Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), front-end for <literal>dpkg</literal> providing \"<literal>http</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp</literal>\", and \"<literal>file</literal>\" archive access methods (<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> commands included)"
msgstr "アドバンスドパッケージツール(APT)、\"<literal>http</literal>\"や\"<literal>ftp</literal>\"や\"<literal>file</literal>\"というアーカイブへのアクセス方法を<literal>dpkg</literal>に提供するフロントエンド(<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal>コマンドを含む)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4501
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tasksel\"> <literal>tasksel</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4504
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tasksel\">&pop-tasksel;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4505
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tasksel.html\">&size-tasksel;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4507
msgid "tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian system (front-end for APT)"
msgstr "Debianシステムにタスクをインストールするための選択ツール(APTのフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4511
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/unattended-upgrades\"> <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4514
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/unattended-upgrades\">&pop-unattendedupgrades;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4515
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/u/unattended-upgrades.html\">&size-unattendedupgrades;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4517
msgid "enhancement package for APT to enable automatic installation of security upgrades"
msgstr "APTの拡張パッケージでセキュリティーアップデートの自動インストールを可能にする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4521
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dselect\"> <literal>dselect</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4524
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dselect\">&pop-dselect;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4525
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dselect.html\">&size-dselect;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4527
msgid "terminal-based package manager (previous standard, front-end for APT and other old access methods)"
msgstr "ターミナルベースのパッケージマネージャー(過去の標準、APTや他の古いアクセス法のフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4531
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dpkg\"> <literal>dpkg</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4534
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg\">&pop-dpkg;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg\">&pop-dpkg;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4535
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dpkg.html\">&size-dpkg;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4537
msgid "package management system for Debian"
msgstr "Debianのためのパケージ管理システム"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4541
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dpkg-ftp\"> <literal>dpkg-ftp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4544
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dpkg-ftp\">&pop-dpkgftp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4545
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dpkg-ftp.html\">&size-dpkgftp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4547
msgid "older ftp method for <literal>dselect</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dselect</literal>のための古い<literal>ftp</literal>法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4551
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/synaptic\"> <literal>synaptic</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4554
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/synaptic\">&pop-synaptic;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4555
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/synaptic.html\">&size-synaptic;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4557
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4567
msgid "graphical package manager (GNOME front-end for APT)"
msgstr "グラフィカルなパケージマネージャー(APTのGNOMEフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4561
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome-apt\"> <literal>gnome-apt</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4564
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnome-apt\">&pop-gnomeapt;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4565
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gnome-apt.html\">&size-gnomeapt;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4571
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/kpackage\"> <literal>kpackage</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4574
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/kpackage\">&pop-kpackage;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/kpackage\">&pop-kpackage;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4575
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/kpackage.html\">&size-kpackage;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4577
msgid "graphical package manager (KDE front-end for APT)"
msgstr "グラフィカルなパケージマネージャー(APTのKDEフロントエンド)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4581
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-utils\"> <literal>apt-utils</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4584
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-utils\">&pop-aptutils;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4585
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-utils.html\">&size-aptutils;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4587
msgid "APT utility programs: <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1), <literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1), and <literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)"
msgstr "APTユーティリティープログラム： <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1)と<literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1)と<literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4591
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-listchanges\"> <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4594
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-listchanges\">&pop-aptlistchanges;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4595
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-listchanges.html\">&size-aptlistchanges;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4597
msgid "package change history notification tool"
msgstr "パッケージ変更履歴の通知ツール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4601
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-listbugs\"> <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4604
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-listbugs\">&pop-aptlistbugs;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4605
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-listbugs.html\">&size-aptlistbugs;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4607
msgid "lists critical bugs before each APT installation"
msgstr "APTによる各インストール前にクリチカルバグをリストする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4611
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-file\"> <literal>apt-file</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4614
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-file\">&pop-aptfile;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4615
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-file.html\">&size-aptfile;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4617
msgid "APT package searching utility — command-line interface"
msgstr "APTパケージ探索ユーティリティー　--　コマンドラインインターフェース"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4621
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-rdepends\"> <literal>apt-rdepends</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4624
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-rdepends\">&pop-aptrdepends;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4625
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-rdepends.html\">&size-aptrdepends;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4627
msgid "recursively lists package dependencies"
msgstr "パッケージの依存関係を再帰的にリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4633
msgid "The annoying <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">bug #411123</ulink> for the mixed use of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) commands has been resolved.  If this kept you from using <literal>aptitude</literal>, please reconsider."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>と<literal>apt-get</literal>コマンドの両方を混用する際に迷惑だった<ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">バグ #411123</ulink>は解決されました。もし本件のために<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)を使うことに躊躇しているなら、御再考下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4635
msgid "Debian package management prerequisites"
msgstr "Debainパッケージ管理の前提条件"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4637
msgid "Package configuration"
msgstr "パケージ設定"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4638
msgid "Here are some key points for package configuration on the Debian system:"
msgstr "Debianシステム上でのパケージ設定の要点は以下です："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4643
msgid "The manual configuration by the system administrator is respected. In other words, the package configuration system makes no intrusive configuration for the sake of convenience."
msgstr "システム管理者による手動の設定は尊重されます。言い換えれば、パッケージ設定システムは利便性のために勝手な設定をしません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4648
msgid "Each package comes with its own configuration script with standardized user interface called <literal>debconf</literal>(7) to help initial installation process of the package."
msgstr "各パッケージは、パッケージ導入プロセスを助けるための<literal>debconf</literal>(7)と呼ばれる標準化されたユーザーインターフェースを使用し、それぞれ毎の設定スクリプトとともに提供されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4653
msgid "Debian Developers try their best to make your upgrade experience flawless with package configuration scripts."
msgstr "Debianの開発者はパッケージの設定スクリプトによりユーザーのアップグレードが滞りなく進むように最大限の努力を行います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4658
msgid "Full functionalities of packaged software are available to the system administrator.  But ones with security risks are disabled in the default installation."
msgstr "システム管理者にはパッケージされたソフトウエアーの全機能が使用可能です。ただしセキュリティーリスクのある機能はデフォールトのインストール状態では無効にされています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4663
msgid "If you manually activate a service with some security risks, you are responsible for the risk containment."
msgstr "セキュリティーリスクのあるサービスを手動でアクティベートした場合は、リスクの封じ込めはあなたの責任です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4668
msgid "Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system administrator.  This may creates interference with popular generic helper programs for the system configuration."
msgstr "システム管理者は難解奇異な設定を手動で有効にできます。ただこんなことをすればポピュラーな一般の補助プログラムとは干渉してしまうかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4674
msgid "Basic precautions"
msgstr "基本的な注意事項"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4675
msgid "Do not install packages from random mixture of suites.  It probably will break the package consistency which requires deep system management knowledge, such as compiler <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&library;\">library</ulink> version, interpreter features, etc."
msgstr "ランダムな混合のスイーツからパッケージを導入してはいけません。コンパイラーの<ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>とか<ulink url=\"&library;\">ライブラリー</ulink> のバージョンとかインタープリターの機能等のシステム管理に関する深い知見が必要なパッケージの整合性がきっと破壊されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4676
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&newbie;\">newbie</ulink> Debian system administrator should stay with the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release of Debian while applying only security updates.  I mean that some of the valid actions are better avoided, as a precaution, until you understand the Debian system very well:"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&newbie;\">ニュービーと言われるような新米の</ulink>Debianシステム管理者は<emphasis role=\"strong\">Debianの安定版<literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースをセキュリティーアップデートを適用しながら使うべきです。Debianシステムを非常によく理解するまでは、用心として有効なアクションですら避けておくべきと考えます："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4681
msgid "Do not include <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に<emphasis role=\"strong\">テスト版<literal>testing</literal></emphasis>とか不安定版<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis>とかを含めないようにする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4686
msgid "Do not mix standard Debian with other non-Debian archives such as Ubuntu in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に標準のDebianとDebian以外のUbuntuのようなアーカイブを混在させない、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4691
msgid "Do not create \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"を作成しない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4696
msgid "Do not change default behavior of package management tools through configuration files without knowing their full impacts,"
msgstr "パッケージ管理ツールのデフォルトを影響を理解せずに変更しない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4701
msgid "Do not install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\","
msgstr "ランダムなパッケージを\"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\"でインストールしない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4706
msgid "Do not ever install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\","
msgstr "ランダムなパッケージを\"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>\"で絶対インストールしない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4711
msgid "Do not erase or alter files in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\", or"
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\"の中のファイルを消去や改変しない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4716
msgid "Do not overwrite system files by installing software programs directly compiled from source. (Install them into \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" or \"<literal>/opt</literal>\".)"
msgstr "ソースから直接コンパイルしたソフトウエアープログラムをインストールする際にシステムファイルを上書きしない。(こういったソフトウエアープログラムは\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\"か\"<literal>/opt</literal>\"の中にインストールしましょう。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4720
msgid "The non-compatible effects caused by above actions to the Debian package management system may leave your system unusable."
msgstr "上記のアクションで起きるDebianパケージシステムへのコンパチブルでない効果はシステムを使えなくするかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4722
msgid "The serious Debian system administrator who runs mission critical servers, should use extra precautions:"
msgstr "ミッションクリティカルなサーバーを走らせる真剣なDebianシステム管理者は更なる用心をすべきです："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4727
msgid "Do not install any packages including security updates from Debian without thoroughly testing them with your particular configuration under safe conditions. (Although Debian has been offering an extremely stable system for a long time, you as the system administrator are responsible for your system in the end.)"
msgstr "安全な条件下であなたの特定の設定で徹底的にテストすることなくセキュリティーアップデートをも含めた如何なるパッケージもインストールをしてはいけません。(Debianは非常に安定なシステムを長期間提供し続けてきているとは言え、最終的にはあなたのシステムへの責任はシステム管理者であるあなた自身が負っています。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4733
msgid "Life with eternal upgrades"
msgstr "永遠のアップグレード人生"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4734
msgid "Despite my warnings above, I know many readers of this document wish to run the <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> suites of Debian as their main system for <emphasis role=\"strong\">self-administered Desktop environments</emphasis>. This is because they work very well, are updated frequently, and offer the latest features."
msgstr "私が上記で警告したとはいえ、<emphasis role=\"strong\">自分自身で管理するデスクトップ環境</emphasis>ではDebianのテスト版<literal>testing</literal>や不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>のスイーツを自分のメインのシステムとして使おうと多くの本書の読者が望むことは分かっています。システムは非常に快調に動くし、頻繁に更新されるし、最新の機能が提供されるからです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4736
msgid "For your <emphasis role=\"strong\">production server</emphasis>, the <literal>stable</literal> suite with the security updates is recommended.  The same can be said for desktop PCs on which you can spend limited administration efforts, e.g. for your mother's PC."
msgstr "あなたの<emphasis role=\"strong\">業務サーバー</emphasis>には、セキュリティーアップデートをした安定版<literal>stable</literal>スイーツを推薦します。例えばあなたの母親のPCのように、管理に限られた時間しか割けないデスクトップPCに関しても同様の事が言えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4737
msgid "It takes no more than simply setting the distribution string in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to the suite name: \"<literal>testing</literal>\" or \"<literal>unstable</literal>\"; or the codename: \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>\". This will let you live <emphasis role=\"strong\">the life of eternal upgrades</emphasis>."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中のディストリビューション文字列を、\"<literal>testing</literal>\"とか\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"というスイーツ名、もしくは\"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>とか\"<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>\"というコード名に単に設定するだけで十分です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4739
msgid "The use of <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> is <emphasis role=\"strong\">a lot of fun</emphasis> but comes with some risks.  Even though the <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system looks very stable for most of the times, there have been some package problems on the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system and a few of them were not so trivial to resolve. It may be <emphasis role=\"strong\">quite painful</emphasis> for you. Sometimes, you may have a broken package or missing functionality for a few weeks."
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal>や<literal>unstable</literal>を使うことは<emphasis role=\"strong\">大変楽しい</emphasis>けれど、リスクがついてきます。Debianシステムの<literal>unstable</literal>スイーツさえおおむね非常に安定に見えますが、Debianシステムの<literal>testing</literal>や<literal>unstable</literal>スイーツでは過去パッケージ上の問題をいくつか経験して来てるし、その一部は簡単には解決できないものでした。<emphasis role=\"strong\">結構痛い目</emphasis>に会うことになるかもしれませんよ。時々、壊れたパッケージや機能の欠損が数週間続くことが起こります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4741
msgid "Here are some ideas to ensure quick and easy recovery from bugs in Debian packages:"
msgstr "Debianパッケージのバグからの早急かつ簡単な回復を確実にするいくつかのアイデアがここにあります："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4746
msgid "make the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">dual bootable</emphasis> by installing the <literal>stable</literal> suite of Debian system to another partition."
msgstr "Debianシステムの安定版<literal>stable</literal>スイーツを別のパーティションにインストールし、システムを<emphasis role=\"strong\">ヂュアルブータブル</emphasis>にする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4751
msgid "make the installation CD handy for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">rescue boot</emphasis>."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">レスキューブート</emphasis>のためのインストール用CDを手元に置いておく。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4756
msgid "consider installing <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> to check the <ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS)</ulink> information before the upgrade."
msgstr "<literal>apt-listbugs</literal>をインストールしてアップグレードの前に<ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debianバグトラッキングシステム(BTS)</ulink>をチェックすることを考る。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4761
msgid "learn the package system infrastructure enough to work around the problem."
msgstr "問題回避するのに十分なだけのパッケージシステムの基盤を学ぶ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4766
msgid "create a chroot or similar environment and run the latest system in it in advance. (optional)"
msgstr "chrootか類似の環境を作り事前に最新のシステムを実行する。(オプション)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4770
msgid "(If you can not do any one of these precautionary actions, you are probably not ready for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> suites.)"
msgstr "(これらの用心のための方策の何れもできないなら、テスト版<literal>testing</literal>や不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>スイーツを使うのにはあなたはきっと準備不足です。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4772
msgid "<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">Enlightenment</ulink> with the following will save a person from the eternal <ulink url=\"&karmic;\">karmic</ulink> struggle of upgrade <ulink url=\"&hell;\">hell</ulink> and let him reach Debian <ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">nirvana</ulink>."
msgstr "以下記すことにより<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">悟り</ulink>を開けば、アップグレード<ulink url=\"&hell;\">地獄</ulink>という果てしない<ulink url=\"&karmic;\">因果応報</ulink>の葛藤から人は解脱し、Debianの<ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">涅槃</ulink>の境地に到達できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4776
msgid "Debian archive basics"
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの基本"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4777
msgid "Let's look into <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> from a system user's perspective."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debianアーカイブ</ulink>をシステムユーザーの視点から見てみましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4779
msgid "Official policy of the Debian archive is defined at <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debian Policy Manual, Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive</ulink>."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの正式のポリシーは<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debianポリシーマニュアル、第2章 - Debianアーカイブ</ulink>に規定されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4780
msgid "For the typical HTTP access, the archive is specified in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as, e.g. for the current <literal>stable</literal> = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> system:"
msgstr "典型的なHTTPアクセスの場合、現在の安定版<literal>stable</literal>=<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>システムを例にとると\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルの中にアーカイブは以下の様に規定されています。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4782
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4787
msgid "Please note \"<literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal>\" must be replaced with appropriate mirror site URL for your location, for USA \"<literal>ftp.us.debian.org</literal>\", which can be found in <ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">the list of Debian worldwide mirror sites</ulink>.  The status of these servers can be checked at <ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debian Mirror Checker site</ulink>."
msgstr "\"<literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal>\"はあなたの所在場所に合う、<ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">Debianの全世界ミラーサイトリスト</ulink>中に見つかるミラーサイトのURL、例えば日本なら \"<literal>ftp.jp.debian.org</literal>\"、に置き換えなければいけません。これらのサーバーの状況は<ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debianミラー確認サイト</ulink>で確認できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4789
msgid "Here, I tend to use codename \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" instead of suite name \"<literal>stable</literal>\" to avoid surprises when the next <literal>stable</literal> is released."
msgstr "上記で、次の安定版<literal>stable</literal>がリリースされて驚かされ無いように、私はスイート名の\"<literal>stable</literal>\"でなくコード名の\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"を使います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4791
msgid "The meaning of \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is described in <literal>sources.list</literal>(5) and key points are:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の意味は<literal>sources.list</literal>(5)に記載されていて、要点は："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4796
msgid "The \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line defines for the binary packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行がバイナリーパッケージのための定義です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4801
msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line defines for the source packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"行がソースパッケージのための定義です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4806
msgid "The 1st argument is the root URL of the Debian archive."
msgstr "一番目の引数は、Debianアーカイブのroot URLです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4811
msgid "The 2nd argument is the distribution name: either the suite name or the codename."
msgstr "二番目の引数は、スイーツ名かコード名のどちらかで与えられるディストリビューション名です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4816
msgid "The 3rd and following arguments are the list of valid archive component names of the Debian archive."
msgstr "三番目以下の引数は、Debianアーカイブの中の有効なアーカイブのコンポーネント名のリストです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4820
msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" lines can safely be omitted (or commented out by placing \"#\" at the start of the line) if it is just for <literal>aptitude</literal> which does not access source related meta data. It will speed up the updates of the archive meta data. The URL can be \"<literal>http://</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp://</literal>\", \"<literal>file://</literal>\", …."
msgstr "ソース関連のメタデーターにアクセスしない<literal>aptitude</literal>のためだけなら\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"行は安全に省略(もしくは\"#\"を行頭に挿入してコメントアウト)することができます。こうするとアーカイブのメタデーターの更新速度が向上します。URLは\"<literal>http://</literal>\"や\"<literal>ftp://</literal>\"や\"<literal>file://</literal>\"等々の何れも可能です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4822
msgid "If \"<literal>sid</literal>\" is used in the above example instead of \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\", the \"<literal>deb: <ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink> …</literal>\" line for security updates in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is not required.  Security updates are only available for <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> (i.e., <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> and <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)."
msgstr "もし上記の例で\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"ではなく\"<literal>sid</literal>\"が使われる場合には、セキュリティーアップデートのための\"<literal>deb: http://security.debian.org/ ...</literal>\"行は不要です。安定版<literal>stable</literal>とテスト版<literal>testing</literal>(即ち<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>と<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)にのみセキュリティーアップデートがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4823
msgid "Here is the list of URL of the Debian archive sites and suite name or codename used in the configuration file:"
msgstr "以下は設定ファイル内に用いられるDebianアーカイブサイトのURLとスイーツ名もしくはコード名です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4826
msgid "List of Debian archive sites."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブサイトのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4834
msgid "archive URL"
msgstr "アーカイブのURL"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4837
msgid "suite name (codename)"
msgstr "スイート名（コード名）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4840
msgid "purpose"
msgstr "目的"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4847
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4858
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4869
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4880
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4891
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4850
msgid "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4853
msgid "stable (&codename-stable;) release"
msgstr "安定版(&codename-stable;)のリリース"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4861
msgid "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4864
msgid "testing (&codename-testing;) release"
msgstr "テスト版(&codename-testing;)のリリース"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4872
msgid "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4875
msgid "unstable (&codename-unstable;) release"
msgstr "不安定版(&codename-unstable;)のリリース"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4883
msgid "<literal>experimental</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4886
msgid "experimental pre-release (optional, only for developer)"
msgstr "実験的プリリリース(オプション、開発者専用)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4894
msgid "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4897
msgid "Updates for the next stable point release (optional)"
msgstr "次回安定版ポイントリリース用のアップデート(オプション)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4902
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4913
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4905
msgid "<literal>stable/updates</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4908
msgid "Security updates for stable release (important)"
msgstr "安定版用のセキュリティーアップデート(重要)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4916
msgid "<literal>testing/updates</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4919
msgid "Security updates for testing release (important)"
msgstr "テスト版用のセキュリティーアップデート(重要)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4924
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4935
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile;\">http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4927
msgid "<literal>volatile</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4930
msgid "Compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc."
msgstr "スパムフィルターやIMクライアント他用のコンパチブルなアップデート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4938
msgid "<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4941
msgid "Non-compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc."
msgstr "スパムフィルターやIMクライアント他用のノンコンパチブルなアップデート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4946
msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpbackportsorgdebian;\">http://backports.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4949
msgid "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4952
msgid "Newer backported packages for &codename-stable;. (non-official, optional)"
msgstr "&codename-stable;のためのバックポートされたパッケージ。(非オフィシャル、オプション)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4958
msgid "Only pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release.  If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports_org\"/>) services.  These services must be used with extra care."
msgstr "セキュリティーアップデートされた純粋な安定版<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースのみが最善の安定性を提供します。一部<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis>や<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis>由来のパッケージを混用してほとんど<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースを走らせることは、純粋な<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis>リリースを走らせるよりリスクがあります。<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>リリースの下で最新バージョンのいくつかのプログラムが本当に必要なら、<ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">debian-volatileプロジェクト</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink>(<xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports_org\"/>参照)サービスからのパッケージを使って下さい。これらのサービスは細心の注意を持って使う必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4959
msgid "You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line.  If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple listing makes sense for these when the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr "基本的に、<literal>stable</literal>か<literal>testing</literal>か<literal>unstable</literal>のスイーツの内の1つだけを\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行に書くべきです。もし、<literal>stable</literal>と<literal>testing</literal>と<literal>unstable</literal>のスイーツの何らかの組み合わせを\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行に書けば、APTプログラムは、最新のアーカイブのみが有効であるにもかかわらず、実行速度が低下します。\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルがはっきりとした目的を持って使われている場合(<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)のみ複数のリストに意味があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4960
msgid "For the Debian system with the <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> suites, it is a good idea to include lines with \"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to enable security updates as in the example above."
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal>や<literal>testing</literal>スイーツのDebianシステムでは、上記の例のようにセキュリティーアップデートを有効とするように\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に\"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\"の行を含めることはいいことです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4961
msgid "Each Debian archive consists of 3 components. Components are alternatively called <ulink url=\"&categoriesindebianpolicy;\">categories in \"Debian Policy\"</ulink> or areas in <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;\">\"Debian Social Contract\"</ulink>.  The component is grouped by the compliance to <ulink url=\"&thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg;\">\"The Debian Free Software Guidelines\" (DFSG)</ulink>:"
msgstr "各Debianアーカイブは3つのコンポーネントから成り立っています。コンポーネントには<ulink url=\"&categoriesindebianpolicy;\">\"Debianポリシー\"ではカテゴリー</ulink>とか<ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;\">\"Debian社会契約\"</ulink>ではエリアという別名が使われています。コンポーネントは<ulink url=\"&thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg;\">\"Debianフリーソフトウエアガイドライン\" (DFSG)</ulink>に準拠しているかどうかによって分類されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4964
msgid "List of Debian archive components."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブコンポーネントのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4972
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13696
msgid "component"
msgstr "コンポーネント"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4975
msgid "number of packages"
msgstr "パッケージ数"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4978
msgid "criteria"
msgstr "クライテリア"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4985
msgid "<literal>main</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>main</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4988
msgid "&main-packages;"
msgstr "&main-packages;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4991
msgid "The package is fully compliant to DSFG and does not depend the <literal>non-free</literal> package."
msgstr "パッケージはDSFGに完全準拠し、<literal>non-free</literal>のパッケージに依存していない。（main=主要）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:4996
msgid "<literal>contrib</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:4999
msgid "&contrib-packages;"
msgstr "&contrib-packages;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5002
msgid "The package is compliant to the DSFG but depends on the <literal>non-free</literal> package."
msgstr "パッケージはDSFGに完全準拠するが、<literal>non-free</literal>のパッケージに依存している。（contrib=寄与）"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5007
msgid "<literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5010
msgid "&non-free-packages;"
msgstr "&non-free-packages;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5013
msgid "The package is not compliant to the DSFG but distributable and useful."
msgstr "パッケージはDSFGに完全には準拠しないが、頒布可能で有用である。（non-free=非自由）"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5019
msgid "Here the number of packages in the above is for the &arch; architecture.  Strictly speaking, only the <literal>main</literal> component archive shall be considered as the Debian system."
msgstr "ここで、上記にあるパッケージ数は&arch;アーキテクチャーに関する数字である。厳密に言うなら、<literal>main</literal>コンポーネントのアーカイブのみをDebianシステムと考えるべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5021
msgid "The Debian archive organization can be studied best by pointing your browser to the each archive URL appended with <literal>dists</literal> or <literal>pool</literal>."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの構成は、各アーカイブのURLの後ろに<literal>dists</literal>か<literal>pool</literal>をつけたURLにブラウザーを向ければ学習できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5023
msgid "The distribution is referred by two ways, the suite or <ulink url=\"&codename;\">codename</ulink>. The word distribution is alternatively used as the synonym to the suite in many documentations. The relationship between the suite and the codename can be summarized as:"
msgstr "ディストリビューションは、スイーツと<ulink url=\"&codename;\">コード名</ulink>の2つの方法で言及されます。この他にディストリビューションと言う言葉は多くの文書でスイーツの同義語としても使われています。スイーツとコード名の関係は以下のようにまとめられます："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5026
msgid "The relationship between suite and codename."
msgstr "スイーツとコード名の関係。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5035
msgid "Timing"
msgstr "タイミング"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5038
msgid "suite = <literal>stable</literal>"
msgstr "スイーツ = 安定版 <literal>stable</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5041
msgid "suite = <literal>testing</literal>"
msgstr "スイーツ = テスト版 <literal>testing</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5044
msgid "suite = <literal>unstable</literal>"
msgstr "スイーツ = 不安定版 <literal>unstable</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5051
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> release"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>リリース後"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5054
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5057
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5068
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5060
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5074
msgid "codename = <literal>sid</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>sid</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5065
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> release"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>リリース後"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5071
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"
msgstr "コード名 = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5080
msgid "The history of codenames are described in <ulink url=\"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.3.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>"
msgstr "コード名の歴史は、<ulink url=\"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.3.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>に記載されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5082
msgid "In the stricter Debian archive terminology, the word \"section\" is specifically used for the categorization of packages by the application area.  (Although, the word \"main section\" may sometimes be used to describe the Debian archive section which provides the main component.)"
msgstr "比較的厳格なDebianアーカイブの用語法では、\"セクション\"という言葉はアプリケーションの分野によるパッケージ分類に特化して使われます。(しかし、\"mainセクション\"という言葉はmainコンポーネントを提供するDebianアーカイブ部分を表現するのにしばしば使われています。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5084
msgid "Every time a new upload is done by the Debian developer (DD) to the <literal>unstable</literal> archive (via <ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink> processing), DD is required to ensure uploaded packages to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the latest <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr "Debianデベロッパー(DD)が不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブに新たなアップロードを(<ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink>での処理を経由して)する度毎に、アップロードするパッケージが最新の不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブの最新のパッケージ集合とコンパチブルであるようにする義務がDDにはあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5086
msgid "If DD breaks this compatibility intentionally for important library upgrade etc, there is usually announcement to <ulink url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">the debian-devel mailing list</ulink> etc."
msgstr "重要なライブラリーのアップグレード他の理由でDDがこのコンパチビリティーを壊す際には、<ulink url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">debian-develのメーリングリスト</ulink>他に通常アナウンスがされます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5088
msgid "Before a set of packages are moved by the Debian archive maintenance script from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive to the <literal>testing</literal> archive, the archive maintenance script not only checks the maturity (about 10 days old) and the status of the RC bug reports for the packages but also tries to ensure them to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the <literal>testing</literal> archive. This process makes the <literal>testing</literal> archive very current and usable."
msgstr "Debianのアーカイブ管理スクリプトによって非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブへパッケージ集合が移動される前に、アーカイブ管理スクリプトはパッケージの成熟度(約10日経過)とRCバグレポート状況を確認するばかりでなく、テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブの最新パッケージ集合とのコンパチブルであるようにするように努めます。このプロセスがあるので、テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブは非常に新しくかつ使いやすいのです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5090
msgid "Through the gradual archive freeze process led by the release team, the <literal>testing</literal> archive will be matured to make it completely consistent and bug free with some manual interventions.  Then the new <literal>stable</literal> release is created by assigning the codename for the old <literal>testing</literal> archive to the new <literal>stable</literal> archive and creating the new codename for the new <literal>testing</literal> archive.  The initial contents of the new <literal>testing</literal> archive is exactly the same as that of the newly released <literal>stable</literal> archive."
msgstr "リリースチームによる徐々のアーカイブ凍結過程を通じて、少々の手動の介入を伴いつつテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブは完全に整合性をもったバグの無い状態へと徐々に熟成されます。そして、古いテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブのコード名を新たな安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブへと割り当て、新たなコード名を新たなテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブへと割り当てることで、新たな安定版<literal>stable</literal>がリリースされます。新たなテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブの当初の内容は、新たにリリースされた安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブとまったく同じです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5092
msgid "Both the <literal>unstable</literal> and the <literal>testing</literal> archives may suffer temporary glitches due to:"
msgstr "不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>もテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブもともに一時的に以下のような理由で細かな問題発生があるかもしれません："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5097
msgid "broken package upload to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>),"
msgstr "ブロークンなパッケージのアーカイブへのアップロード(主に<literal>unstable</literal>にて)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5102
msgid "delay of accepting the new packages to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>),"
msgstr "新たなパッケージをアーカイブに受け入れる際の遅れ(主に<literal>unstable</literal>にて)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5107
msgid "archive synchronization timing issue (both for <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal>),"
msgstr "アーカイブの同期のタイミング問題(<literal>testing</literal>と<literal>unstable</literal>の両方にて)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5112
msgid "manual intervention to the archive such as package removal (more for <literal>testing</literal>), etc."
msgstr "パッケージの除去などのアーカイブへの手動の介入(どちらかといえば<literal>testing</literal>にて)、等。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5116
msgid "So if you ever decide to use these archives, you should be able to fix or work around these kinds of glitches."
msgstr "もしこれらのアーカイブを使おうと考えるなら、この種の細かな問題の修復や回避は必須技能です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5118
msgid "For about few months after a new <literal>stable</literal> release, most desktop users should use the <literal>stable</literal> archive with its security updates even if they usually use <literal>unstable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> archives.  For this transition period, both <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives are not good for most people. Your system is difficult to keep in good working condition with the <literal>unstable</literal> archive since it suffers surges of major upgrades for core packages.  The <literal>testing</literal> archive is not useful either since it contains mostly the same content as the <literal>stable</literal> archive without its security support (<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce 2008-12</ulink>). After a month or so, the <literal>unstable</literal> archive may be usable if you are careful."
msgstr "たとえいつも非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>やテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを使っていようとも、ほとんどのデスクトップユーザーは新たな安定版<literal>stable</literal>リリースの後約数ヶ月はセキュリティーアップデートされた安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブを使うべきです。この移行期は、非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>もテスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブの何れももほとんどの人に良いものではありません。非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブを使おうとすると、核となるパッケージが大アップグレードの嵐に見舞われるので、あなたのシステムをうまく使える状態に保つのは困難です。テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを使おうとしても、安定版<literal>stable</literal>アーカイブとほとんど同じ内容でセキュリティーサポートはありません(<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce 2008-12</ulink>)。1ヶ月ほど経てば、非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブなら注意を払えば使えるかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5119
msgid "When tracking the <literal>testing</literal> archive, problem caused by a removed package is usually worked around by installing corresponding package from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive which is uploaded for bug fix."
msgstr "テスト版<literal>testing</literal>アーカイブを追いかけている際には、除去されたパッケージによって引き起こされる問題は該当するバグ修正のためにアップロードされたパッケージを非安定版<literal>unstable</literal>アーカイブからインストールすれば通常回避できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5120
msgid "See <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> for definition of:"
msgstr "以下の定義は<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debianポリシーマニュアル</ulink>参照："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5125
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&sections;\">Sections</ulink>\","
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&sections;\">セクション</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5130
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">Priorities</ulink>\","
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">プライオリティー</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5135
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">Base system</ulink>\", and"
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">ベースシステム</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5140
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">Essential packages</ulink>\"."
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">必須パッケージ</ulink>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5146
msgid "Package dependencies"
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5147
msgid "The Debian system offers a consistent set of binary packages through its versioned binary dependency declaration mechanism in the control file fields.  Here is a bit over simplified definition for them."
msgstr "Debianシステムはコントロールファイル中のバージョン情報付きのバイナリー依存関係宣言を通して整合性のあるバイナリーパッケージの集合を提供します。ここにその少々簡素化しすぎの定義を示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5150
msgid "List of package dependencies."
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5157
msgid "dependency"
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5167
msgid "Depends"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5170
msgid "This declares an absolute dependency and all of the packages listed in this field must be installed at the same time or in advance."
msgstr "これは絶対依存を宣言し、このフィールドにリストされた全てのパッケージは同時または事前にインストールされていなければいけません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5175
msgid "Pre-Depends"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5178
msgid "This is like Depends, except that it requires completed installation of the listed packages in advance."
msgstr "これは、リストされたパッケージが事前にインストールを完了している必要がある以外は、Dependsと同様です。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5183
msgid "Recommends"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5186
msgid "This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.  Most users would not want the package unless all of the packages listed in this field are installed."
msgstr "これは強いが絶対でない依存を宣言します。多くのユーザーはこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージ全てが導入されていなければ、当該パッケージを望まないでしょう。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5191
msgid "Suggests"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5194
msgid "This declares a weak dependency.  Many users of this package may benefit from installing packages listed in this field but can have reasonable functions without them."
msgstr "これは弱い依存を宣言します。このパッケージの多くのユーザーはこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージを導入すればメリットを享受できるとは言え、それら抜きでも十分な機能が得られます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5199
msgid "Enhances"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5202
msgid "This declares a week dependency like Suggests but works in the opposite direction."
msgstr "これはSuggests同様の弱い依存を宣言しますが、依存作用の方向が逆です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5207
msgid "Conflicts"
msgstr "Conflicts"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5210
msgid "This declares an absolute incompatibility.  All of the packages listed in this field must be removed to install this package."
msgstr "これは絶対的排他関係を宣言します。このフィールドにリストされた全てのパッケージを除去しない限り当該パッケージを導入できません。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5215
msgid "Replaces"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5218
msgid "This is declared when files installed by this package replace files in the listed packages."
msgstr "当該パッケージによりインストールされるファイルがこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージのファイルを置き換える際にこれを宣言します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5223
msgid "Provides"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5226
msgid "This is declared when this package provide all of the files and functionality in the listed packages."
msgstr "当該パッケージがこのフィールドにリストされたパッケージのファイルと機能の全てを提供する際にこれを宣言します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5232
msgid "Please note that defining, Provides, Conflicts and Replaces simultaneously to an virtual package is the sane configuration.  This ensures that only one real package providing this virtual package can be installed at any one time."
msgstr "正常な設定としてProvidesとConflictsとReplacesとを単一バーチャルパッケージに対し同時宣言することがあります。こうするといかなる時にも当該バーチャルパッケージを提供する実パッケージのうち確実に一つだけがインストールされます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5233
msgid "The official definition including source dependency can be found in <ulink url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>."
msgstr "ソースの依存関係をも含む正式の定義は<ulink url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>にあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5237
msgid "The event flow of the package management"
msgstr "パッケージ管理のイベントの流れ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5238
msgid "Here is a summary of the simplified event flow of the package management by APT."
msgstr "パッケージ管理の簡略化されたイベントの流れをまとめると以下のようになります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5243
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">update</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">更新</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5248
msgid "fetch archive metadata from remote archive."
msgstr "アーカイブメタデーターをリモートアーカイブから取得。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5253
msgid "reconstruct and update local metadata for use by APT."
msgstr "APTが使えるようローカルメタデーターを再構築し更新。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5260
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\", or \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">アップグレード</emphasis>(\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"と\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\"か、\"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\"と\"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5265
msgid "chose candidate version which is usually the latest available version for all installed packages. (See <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> for exception.)"
msgstr "APTシステムは最新バージョンが普通選ばれる<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>を全てのインストール済みパッケージに関して決定する。(例外については<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>参照。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5270
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5312
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5354
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5386
msgid "make package dependency resolution."
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係の解決。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5275
msgid "fetch selected binary packages from remote archive if candidate version is different from installed version."
msgstr "もし候補バージョンがインストール済みバージョンとことなる際には、選ばれたバイナリーパッケージをリモートアーカイブから取得。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5280
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5322
msgid "unpack fetched binary packages."
msgstr "取得バイナリパッケージの開梱。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5285
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5327
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis>スクリプトの実行"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5290
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5332
msgid "install binary files."
msgstr "バイナリーファイルのインストール。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5295
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5337
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis>スクリプトの実行。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5302
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get install …</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install ...</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get install ...</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5307
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5349
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5381
msgid "chose packages listed on the command line."
msgstr "コマンドラインにリストされたパッケージの選択。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5317
msgid "fetch selected binary packages from remote archive."
msgstr "選ばれたバイナリーパッケージをリモートアーカイブから取得。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5344
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get remove …</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">削除</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove ...</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get remove ...</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5359
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5391
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis>スクリプトの実行"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5364
msgid "remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">except</emphasis> configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイル<emphasis role=\"strong\">以外の</emphasis>インストール済みファイルの削除。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5369
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5401
msgid "run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis> script."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis>スクリプトの実行。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5376
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get purge …</literal>\"):"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全削除</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge ...</literal>\"か\"<literal>apt-get purge ...</literal>\"):"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5396
msgid "remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">including</emphasis> configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイル<emphasis role=\"strong\">を含めた</emphasis> インストール済みファイルの削除。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5407
msgid "Here, I intentionally skipped technical details for the sake of big picture."
msgstr "上記では全体像の理解のためにわざと技術詳細を端折っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5411
msgid "First response to package management troubles"
msgstr "パッケージ管理のトラブルへの応急対処法"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5412
msgid "You should read the fine official documentation.  The first document to read is the Debian specific \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README.Debian</literal>\".  Other documentation in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/</literal>\" should be consulted too. If you set shell as <xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>, type:"
msgstr "内容が正確な正式文書を読むように心がけるべきです。まずDebianに特定のことが記載された\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README.Debian</literal>\"を最初に読むべきです。また\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/</literal>\"の中にある他の文書も参照すべきです。<xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>に書かれたようなシェル設定がされていれば、以下のようにタイプしてください。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5414
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd &lt;package_name&gt;\n"
"$ pager README.Debian\n"
"$ mc"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5417
msgid "You may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" suffix for detailed information."
msgstr "さらに詳しい情報を得るには\"<literal>-doc</literal>\"というサフィックスを持った対応する文書パッケージをインストールする必要があるかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5419
msgid "If you are experiencing problems with a specific package, make sure to check out these sites first:"
msgstr "特定のパッケージで問題を経験した際には、以下のサイトを確認してください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5422
msgid "List of key web site to resolving problems with a specific package."
msgstr "特定パッケージの問題解決のためのキーとなるウエッブサイトのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5429
msgid "site"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5439
msgid "Home page of <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug tracking system (BTS)</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debianバグトラッキングシステム(BTS)</ulink>のホームページ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5442
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5447
msgid "The bug report of a known package name."
msgstr "既知のパッケージに関するバグレポート。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5450
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5455
msgid "The bug report of known bug number."
msgstr "既知のバグ番号に関するバグレポート。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5458
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5464
msgid "Search <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> with search words including \"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\", etc.."
msgstr "\"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\"や\"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal>\"や\"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\"等を含む検索語で<ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink>を検索する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5466
msgid "When you file a bug report, please use <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) command."
msgstr "バグ報告をする際には、<literal>reportbug</literal>(1)コマンドを使いましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5471
msgid "Basic package management operations"
msgstr "基本的パッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5472
msgid "Aptitude is the current preferred package management tool for the Debian system.  It can be used as the commandline alternative to <literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> and also as the full screen interactive package management tool."
msgstr "AptitudeはDebianシステムで現在推薦されるパケージ管理ツールです。<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal>をコマンドラインで代替もしますし、またフルスクリーンのインタラクティブなパケージ管理ツールとしても使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5474
msgid "For the package management operation which involves package installation or updates package metadata, you need to have root privilege."
msgstr "パッケージをインストールしたりパッケージのメタデーターを更新するようなパッケージ管理操作にはroot権限が必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5477
msgid "Basic package management operations with commandline"
msgstr "コマンドラインによる基本的なパッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5478
msgid "Here are package management operations with commandline using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) /<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)や<literal>apt-get</literal>(8) /<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)を使うコマンドラインによるパッケージ管理操作を以下に記します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5481
msgid "Package management operations with commandline using aptitude and apt-get / apt-cache."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>や<literal>apt-get</literal> /<literal>apt-cache</literal>を使うコマンドラインによるパッケージ管理操作"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5489
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>シンタックス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5492
msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal>シンタックス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5502
msgid "<literal>aptitude update</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5505
msgid "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5508
msgid "Update package archive metadata."
msgstr "アーカイブメタデーターの更新。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5513
msgid "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5516
msgid "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5519
msgid "Install candidate version of \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its dependencies."
msgstr "\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージの候補バージョンをその依存関係とともにインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5524
msgid "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5527
msgid "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5530
msgid "Install candidate version of installed packages without removing any other packages."
msgstr "他のパッケージを削除すること無くインストール済みパッケージの候補バージョンをインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5535
msgid "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5538
msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade &lt;package&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade &lt;パッケージ&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5541
msgid "Install candidate version of installed packages while removing other packages if needed."
msgstr "必要なら他のパッケージを削除しながらインストール済みパッケージの候補バージョンをインストールする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5546
msgid "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5549
msgid "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5552
msgid "Remove \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package while leaving its configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイルを残したまま\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージを削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5557
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5626
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5637
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17239
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17242
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17512
#: debian-reference.en.xml:17515
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22053
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22056
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26609
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26622
msgid "N/A"
msgstr "N/A"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5560
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5563
msgid "Remove auto-installed packages which is no longer required."
msgstr "既に必要なくなっている自動済みパッケージを削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5568
msgid "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5571
msgid "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5574
msgid "Purge \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its configuration files."
msgstr "設定ファイルを含めて\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージを完全削除する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5579
msgid "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5582
msgid "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5585
msgid "Clear out the local repository of retrieved package files completely."
msgstr "収集されローカルに貯蔵されたパッケージファイルを完全に消去する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5590
msgid "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5593
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5596
msgid "Clear out the local repository of retrieved package files for outdated packages."
msgstr "収集されローカルに貯蔵されたパッケージファイルのうち古くなったパッケージを消去する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5601
msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5604
msgid "<literal>apt-cache show &lt;package&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache show &lt;パッケージ&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5607
msgid "Display detailed information about \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package."
msgstr "\"<literal>foo</literal>\"パッケージに関する詳細情報を表示する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5612
msgid "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5615
msgid "<literal>apt-cache search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5618
msgid "Search packages which match &lt;regex&gt;."
msgstr "&lt;regex&gt;とマッチするパッケージを探す。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5623
msgid "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5629
msgid "Explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages should be installed."
msgstr "なぜ&lt;regex&gt;とマッチするパッケージがインストールされるのかを説明する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5634
msgid "<literal>aptitude why-not &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5640
msgid "Explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages can not be installed."
msgstr "なぜ&lt;regex&gt;とマッチするパッケージがインストールされないのかを説明する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5646
msgid "Although it is now safe to mix different package tools on the Debian system, it is best to continue using <literal>aptitude</literal> as much as possible."
msgstr "Debianシステム上の異なったパッケージツールを混用しても問題が起こらなくなりましたが、できるだけ<literal>aptitude</literal>を使い続けるのが最善です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5648
msgid "The difference between \"<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>full-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>\" only appears when new versions of packages stand in different dependency relationships from old versions of those packages.  The \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" command will never install new packages nor remove installed packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>upgrade</literal>\"や\"<literal>full-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>\"の違いは新しいバージョンのパッケージが該当する古いバージョンと異なった依存関係がある場合にのみ起こります。\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"コマンドは新規のパッケージをインストールも削除もしません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5650
msgid "The \"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\" can list more information by \"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\".  Similar information can be obtained by \"<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\"は\"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\"とすることでさらに詳しい情報を表示します。同様の情報は\"<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"とすることでも得られます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5652
msgid "When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full screen interactive mode by pressing \"<literal>e</literal>\"-key later at the prompt."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>コマンドが最初コマンドラインモードで実行されパッケージ間のコンフリクトのような問題に直面した場合は、プロンプトがでた際に\"<literal>e</literal>\"を押すことでフルスクリーンのインタラクティブモードに切り替えられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5654
msgid "You may provide command options right after \"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"のすぐ後ろにコマンドオプションをつけられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5657
msgid "Notable command options for <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)に関する特記すべきコマンドオプション。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5664
msgid "command option"
msgstr "コマンドオプション"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5674
msgid "<literal>-s</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5677
msgid "simulate the result of the command."
msgstr "コマンド結果のシミュレートをする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5682
msgid "<literal>-d</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5685
msgid "download only but no install/upgrade."
msgstr "インストール/アップグレードをせずにダウンロードだけする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5690
msgid "<literal>-D</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5693
msgid "show brief explanations before the automatic installations and removals."
msgstr "自動的なインストールや削除の前に簡単な説明を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5699
msgid "See <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and \"aptitude user's manual\" at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\" for more."
msgstr "詳細は<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\"にある\"aptitude user's manual\"を参照してください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5701
msgid "The <literal>dselect</literal> package is still available and was the preferred full screen interactive package management tool in previous releases."
msgstr "現在でも存続している<literal>dselect</literal>パッケージは、過去のリリースでは推薦されたフルスクリーンのインタラクティブなパッケージ管理ツールでした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5704
msgid "Interactive use of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeのインタラクティブな使用"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5705
msgid "For the interactive package management, you start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode from the console shell prompt as:"
msgstr "インタラクティブなパッケージ管理のためには<literal>aptitude</literal>をコンソールのシェルからインタラクティブモードで以下のように立ち上げます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5707
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo aptitude -u\n"
"Password:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5709
msgid "This will update the local copy of the archive information and display the package list in the full screen with menu.  Aptitude places its configuration at \"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"."
msgstr "これによりアーカイブ情報のローカルコピーは更新され、フルスクリーンのパッケージリストがメニュー付きで表示されます。Aptitudeの設定ファイルは\"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"にあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5711
msgid "If you want to use root's configuration instead of user's one, use \"<literal>sudo -H aptitude …</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>sudo aptitude …</literal>\" in the above expression."
msgstr "userの設定ファイルでなくrootの設定ファイルを使いたい際には、上記の例で\"<literal>sudo aptitude ...</literal>\"の代わりに\"<literal>sudo -H aptitude ...</literal>\"を使いましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5712
msgid "<literal>Aptitude</literal> automatically sets <emphasis role=\"strong\">pending actions</emphasis> as it is started interactively. If you do not like it, you can reset it from menu: \"Action\" → \"Cancel pending actions\"."
msgstr "<literal>Aptitude</literal>はインタラクティブに起動されると<emphasis role=\"strong\">次にするアクション</emphasis>を自動的に設定します。その設定が好ましくない場合はメニュー：\"Action\" → \"Cancel pending actions\"からリセットすることができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5715
msgid "Key bindings of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeのキーバインディング"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5716
msgid "Notable key strokes to browse status of packages and to set \"planned action\" on them in this full screen mode are:"
msgstr "パッケージの状態を閲覧し、\"予定のアクション\"の設定をこのフルスクリーンモードで各パッケージするための重要なキーは以下です："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5719
msgid "List of key bindings for aptitude."
msgstr "aptitudeのキーバインディングのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5736
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>もしくくは<literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5739
msgid "Menu"
msgstr "メニュー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5747
msgid "Display <emphasis role=\"strong\">help</emphasis> for keystroke (more complete listing)"
msgstr "(より詳細な)キーの意味の<emphasis role=\"strong\">ヘルプ</emphasis>の表示"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5752
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> → Help → User's Manual"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal> → ヘルプ → ユーザーマニュアル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5755
msgid "Display User's Manual"
msgstr "ユーザーマニュアルの表示"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5760
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20907
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24819
msgid "<literal>u</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5763
msgid "Update package archive information"
msgstr "パッケージアーカイブ情報の更新"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5768
msgid "<literal>+</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5771
msgid "Mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> or the <emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis>"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">アップグレード</emphasis>または<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis>するとマークする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5779
msgid "Mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (keep configuration files)"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">削除</emphasis>するとマークする。(設定ファイルは温存)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5784
msgid "<literal>_</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5787
msgid "Mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (remove configuration files)"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">完全削除</emphasis>するとマークする。(設定ファイルも削除)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5792
msgid "<literal>=</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5795
msgid "Place the package on <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis>"
msgstr "パッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">ホールド</emphasis>する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5800
msgid "<literal>U</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5803
msgid "Mark all upgradable packages (function as <emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>)"
msgstr "全てのアップグレード可能なパッケージをマークする。(<emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>として機能)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5808
msgid "<literal>g</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5811
msgid "Start <emphasis role=\"strong\">downloading</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">installing</emphasis> selected packages"
msgstr "選ばれたパッケージの<emphasis role=\"strong\">ダウンロード</emphasis>と<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール</emphasis>を開始する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5816
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20518
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24787
msgid "<literal>q</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5819
msgid "Quit current screen and save changes"
msgstr "現在のスクリーンを終了し変更を保存する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5824
msgid "<literal>x</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5827
msgid "Quit current screen and discard changes"
msgstr "現在のスクリーンを終了し変更を廃棄する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5832
msgid "<literal>Enter</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5835
msgid "View information about a package"
msgstr "パッケージに関する情報閲覧する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5840
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19304
msgid "<literal>C</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5843
msgid "View a package's changelog"
msgstr "パッケージの変更履歴の閲覧する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5851
msgid "Change the limit for the displayed packages"
msgstr "表示されるパッケージの制限を変更する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5859
msgid "Search for the first match"
msgstr "最初のマッチを検索する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5864
msgid "<literal>\\</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5867
msgid "Repeat the last search"
msgstr "最近の検索を繰り返す。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5873
msgid "The file name specification of the command line and the menu prompt after pressing \"<literal>l</literal>\" and \"<literal>//</literal>\" take the aptitude regex as described below.  Aptitude regex can explicitly match a package name using a string started by \"<literal>~n</literal> and followed by the package name."
msgstr "コマンドラインのファイル名の規定や、\"<literal>l</literal>\"や\"<literal>/</literal>\"を押した後のメニュープロンプトは以下に記すaptitudeのregex(正規表現)が使われます。aptitudeのregexは\"<literal>~n</literal>\"で始めそれにパッケージ名を続けた文字列を使うことで明示的にパッケージ名とマッチさせられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5875
msgid "You need to press \"<literal>U</literal>\" to get all the installed packages upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> in the visual interface.  Otherwise only the selected packages and certain packages with versioned dependency to them are upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis>."
msgstr "ビジュアルインターフェースで全てのインストール済みパッケージを<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>にアップグレードさせるには\"<literal>U</literal>\"を押さなければいけません。これをしないと選ばれたパッケージとそれにバージョン付きの依存関係のある特定のパッケージのみがアップグレードされます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5878
msgid "Package views under aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeの下でのパッケージの表示"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5879
msgid "In the interactive full screen mode of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), packages in the package list are displayed like this by default:"
msgstr "インタラクティブなフルスクリーンモードの<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)は以下のようなデフォールトのパッケージリスト形式でパッケージを表示します。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5881
#, no-wrap
msgid "idA   libsmbclient                             -2220kB 3.0.25a-1  3.0.25a-2"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5882
msgid "Here, this line means from the left as:"
msgstr "この行は左から以下のような意味です："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5887
msgid "The \"current state\" flag (the first letter)"
msgstr "\"現状\"フラグ(1番目の文字)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5892
msgid "The \"planned action\" flag (the second letter)"
msgstr "\"予定のアクション\"フラグ(2番目の文字)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5897
msgid "The \"automatic\" flag (the third letter)"
msgstr "\"自動\"フラグ(3番目の文字)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5902
msgid "The package name"
msgstr "パケージ名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5907
msgid "The change in disk space usage attributed to \"planned action\""
msgstr "\"予定のアクション\"に帰属されるディスクスペースの使用の変化"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5912
msgid "The current version of the package"
msgstr "パッケージの現バージョン"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5917
msgid "The candidate version of the package"
msgstr "パッケージの候補バージョン"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5921
msgid "The full list of flags are given at the bottom of <emphasis role=\"strong\">Help</emphasis> screen shown by pressing \"<literal>?</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>?</literal>\"を押して表示される<emphasis role=\"strong\">ヘルプ</emphasis>スクリーンの一番下に全フラグのリストがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5922
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> is chosen according to the current local preferences (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr "現在のローカルの環境設定によって<emphasis role=\"strong\">候補バージョン</emphasis>は選ばれます(<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)と<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>を参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5924
msgid "Several types of package views are available under the menu \"<literal>Views</literal>\":"
msgstr "\"<literal>表示</literal>\"メニューの下に数種のパッケージ表示があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5927
msgid "List of views for aptitude."
msgstr "aptitudeの表示のリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5935
msgid "view"
msgstr "表示"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5938
msgid "categorization"
msgstr "分類"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5941
msgid "status"
msgstr "状況"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5948
msgid "<literal>Package View</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>パッケージ画面</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5951
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/>. (default)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/>参照。(デフォルト)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5954
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5965
#: debian-reference.en.xml:5976
msgid "Good"
msgstr "良好"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5959
msgid "<literal>Audit Recommendations</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>推奨を監査</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5962
msgid "Packages which are recommended by some installed packages but not yet installed are listed."
msgstr "何らかのインストール済みパッケージによって推薦されているがインストールされていないパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5970
msgid "<literal>Flat Package List</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>平坦なパッケージリスト</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5973
msgid "Packages are listed without categorization (for use with regex)."
msgstr "パッケージを分類されずにリストする(regexとともに使うため)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5981
msgid "<literal>Debtags Browser</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Debtags表示</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5984
msgid "Packages are categorized according to their <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink> entries."
msgstr "パッケージの<ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>のエントリーにより分類し表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5987
msgid "Very usable"
msgstr "十分使える"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5992
msgid "<literal>Categorical Browser</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>カテゴリ別表示</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5995
msgid "Packages are categorized according to their category."
msgstr "パッケージの分類別に分類表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:5998
msgid "Deprecated (Use <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>!)"
msgstr "非推奨 (<ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>を使おう！)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6004
msgid "Please help us <ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">improving tagging packages with debtags!</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">パッケージのdebtagsによるタグ付け状況を改善する</ulink>のにご協力下さい！"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6005
msgid "The standard \"<literal>Package View</literal>\" categorizes packages somewhat like <literal>dselect</literal> with few extra features."
msgstr "標準\"<literal>パッケージ画面</literal>\"はパッケージを<literal>dselect</literal>にいくつかの機能を加えた感じで分類します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6008
msgid "The categorization of standard package views."
msgstr "標準パッケージ画面の分類。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6015
msgid "category"
msgstr "分類"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6018
msgid "organization"
msgstr "構成"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6025
msgid "<literal>Upgradable Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>更新可能なパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6028
msgid "Organized as section → component → package"
msgstr "セクション → コンポーネント → パッケージ、という構成"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6033
msgid "<literal>New Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>新規パッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6041
msgid "<literal>Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>インストール済みのパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6049
msgid "<literal>Not Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>インストールされていないパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6057
msgid "<literal>Obsolete and Locally Created Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>廃止された、またはローカルで作成されたパッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6065
msgid "<literal>Virtual Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>仮想パッケージ</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6068
msgid "You can pick a particular package from a set of packages with the same function."
msgstr "同一機能を持ったパッケージの集合から特定のパッケージを選択できる。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6073
msgid "<literal>Tasks</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>タスク</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6076
msgid "You can cherry pick particular packages from a set of packages of a task."
msgstr "特定タスクのパッケージ集合から特定のパッケージを良いとこ取りで選択できる。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6084
msgid "Search method options with aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeを使った探索方法"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6085
msgid "Aptitude offers several options for you to search packages using its regex formula:"
msgstr "Aptitudeはそのregex式機能を通してパッケージを探索する方法をいくつか提供します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6090
msgid "\"<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>\" to list installation status, package name and short description of matching packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>\"はマッチするパッケージのインストール状態やパッケージ名や短い説明をリストします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6095
msgid "\"<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>\" to list detailed description of the package."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>\"はパッケージに関する詳細な説明をリストします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6100
msgid "limit view to matching packages: Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" in the full screen mode."
msgstr "マッチングするパッケージに表示を制限：　フルスクリーンモードで\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6105
msgid "search the first found package: type \"<literal>/</literal>\" in the full screen mode.  \"<literal>n</literal>\" for find-next, \"<literal>\\</literal>\" for backward search."
msgstr "最初にマッチングするパッケージを表示：　フルスクリーンモードで\"<literal>/</literal>\"とタイプ。\"<literal>n</literal>\"で前方探索、\"<literal>\\</literal>\"で後方探索。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6109
msgid "Here, the string for &lt;package_name&gt; is treated as the exact string match to the package name unless it is started explicitly with \"<literal>~</literal>\" to be the regex formula."
msgstr "&lt;package_name&gt;という文字列は、\"<literal>~</literal>\"で始めてregex式と明示されていない限り、パッケージ名との完全な一致検索として扱います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6113
msgid "The aptitude regex formula"
msgstr "aptitudeのregex式"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6114
msgid "The aptitude regex formula is mutt-like extended <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>) and the meanings of the <literal>aptitude</literal> specific special match rule extensions are as below:"
msgstr "aptitudeのregex式はmutt的な拡張<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>(<xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>参照)で<literal>aptitude</literal>に特定なマッチ規則の拡張は以下に示すとおりです："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6117
msgid "List of the aptitude regex formula."
msgstr "aptitudeのregex式のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6124
msgid "meaning of the extended match rule"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">拡張マッチ規則の意味</emphasis>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6127
msgid "regex formula"
msgstr "regex式"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6134
msgid "match on package name"
msgstr "パッケージ名とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6137
msgid "<literal>~n&lt;regex_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~n&lt;名前のregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6142
msgid "match on description"
msgstr "記述とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6145
msgid "<literal>~d&lt;regex_description&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~d&lt;記述のregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6150
msgid "match on task name"
msgstr "タスク名とのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6153
msgid "<literal>~t&lt;regex_task&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~t&lt;タスクのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6158
msgid "match on debtag"
msgstr "debtagとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6161
msgid "<literal>~G&lt;regex_debtag&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~G&lt;debtagのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6166
msgid "match on maintainer"
msgstr "メンテナとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6169
msgid "<literal>~m&lt;regex_maintainer&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~m&lt;maintainerのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6174
msgid "match on package section"
msgstr "パッケージセクションとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6177
msgid "<literal>~s&lt;regex_section&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~s&lt;セクションのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6182
msgid "match on package version"
msgstr "パッケージバージョンとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6185
msgid "<literal>~V&lt;regex_version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~V&lt;バージョンのregex&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6190
msgid "match archive"
msgstr "archiveとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6193
msgid "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6198
msgid "match origin"
msgstr "originとのマッチ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6201
msgid "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6206
msgid "match priority"
msgstr "priorityとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6209
msgid "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6214
msgid "match essential packages"
msgstr "必須(essential)パッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6217
msgid "<literal>~E</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6222
msgid "match virtual packages"
msgstr "仮想パッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6225
msgid "<literal>~v</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6230
msgid "match new packages"
msgstr "新規パッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6233
msgid "<literal>~N</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6238
msgid "match with pending action"
msgstr "次のアクションとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6241
msgid "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6246
msgid "match installed packages"
msgstr "インストール済みパッケージとのマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6249
msgid "<literal>~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6254
msgid "match installed packages with <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark (auto installed package)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-マークのついたインストール済みパッケージとマッチ(自動インストール済みパッケージ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6257
msgid "<literal>~M</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6262
msgid "match installed packages without <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark (administrator selected package)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-マークのついていないインストール済みパッケージとマッチ(管理者が選択したパッケージ)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6265
msgid "<literal>~i!~M</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6270
msgid "match installed and upgradable packages"
msgstr "インストール済みかつアップグレード可能なパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6273
msgid "<literal>~U</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6278
msgid "match removed but not purged packages"
msgstr "削除済みだが完全削除されていないパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6281
msgid "<literal>~c</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6286
msgid "match removed, purged or can-be-removed packages"
msgstr "削除済みか完全削除済みか削除可能なパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6289
msgid "<literal>~g</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6294
msgid "match packages with broken relation"
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係が壊れたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6297
msgid "<literal>~b</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6302
msgid "match packages with broken depends/predepends/conflict"
msgstr "depends/predepends/conflictの依存関係が壊れたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6305
msgid "<literal>~B&lt;type&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6310
msgid "match packages whose control files define relation &lt;type&gt; to the &lt;term&gt; package"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の依存関係があるとパッケージのコントロールファイルに記載されたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6313
msgid "<literal>~D[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6318
msgid "match packages whose control files define <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation &lt;type&gt; to the &lt;term&gt; package"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の<emphasis role=\"strong\">壊れた</emphasis>依存関係があるとパッケージのコントロールファイルに記載されたパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6321
msgid "<literal>~DB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6326
msgid "match packages to which the &lt;term&gt; package defines relation &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の依存関係があるパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6329
msgid "<literal>~R[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6334
msgid "match packages to which the &lt;term&gt; package defines <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;term&gt;パッケージに対して&lt;type&gt;の<emphasis role=\"strong\">壊れた</emphasis>依存関係があるパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6337
msgid "<literal>~RB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6342
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend on"
msgstr "他のインストール済みパッケージが依存するパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6345
msgid "<literal>~R~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6350
msgid "match packages to which no other installed packages depend on"
msgstr "他のインストール済みパッケージが一切依存しないパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6353
msgid "<literal>!~R~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6358
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend or recommend on"
msgstr "他のインストール済みパッケージが依存もしくは推薦するパッケージとマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6361
msgid "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6366
msgid "match &lt;term&gt; package with filtered version"
msgstr "フィルターされたバージョンの&lt;term&gt;とマッチ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6369
msgid "<literal>~S filter &lt;term&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6374
msgid "match all packages (true)"
msgstr "常に全てのパッケージにマッチ(真)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6377
msgid "<literal>~T</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6382
msgid "match no packages (false)"
msgstr "どのパッケージにもマッチしない(偽)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6385
msgid "<literal>~F</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6396
msgid "regex part is the same <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> as the one used in typical Unix-like text tools using \"<literal>^</literal>\", \"<literal>.*</literal>\", \"<literal>$</literal>\" etc. as in <literal>egrep</literal>(1), <literal>awk</literal>(1) and <literal>perl</literal>(1)."
msgstr "regex部分は、\"<literal>^</literal>\"や\"<literal>.*</literal>\"や\"<literal>$</literal>\"などを使う<literal>egrep</literal>(1)や<literal>awk</literal>(1)や<literal>perl</literal>(1)といった典型的なUnix的テキストツールで使われる<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>と同様です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6401
msgid "relation &lt;type&gt; is one of (depends, predepends, recommends, suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)."
msgstr "関係を表す&lt;type&gt;は(depends, predepends, recommends, suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)の内の一つです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6406
msgid "the default relation type is \"depends\"."
msgstr "デフォールトの関係は\"depends\"です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6410
msgid "When &lt;regex_pattern&gt; is a null string, place \"<literal>~T</literal>\" immediately after the command."
msgstr "&lt;regex_pattern&gt;がヌル文字列の場合は\"<literal>~T</literal>\"をコマンドの直後に使ってください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6411
msgid "Short cuts:"
msgstr "近道："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6416
msgid "\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6421
msgid "\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6426
msgid "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6430
msgid "Users familiar with <literal>mutt</literal> will pick up quickly, as mutt was the inspiration for the expression syntax. See \"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS\" in the \"User's Manual\" \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\"."
msgstr "muttが表現のお手本なので、<literal>mutt</literal>に慣れているユーザーはすぐ慣れるでしょう。\"User's Manual\" (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\")中の\"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS\"を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6432
msgid "With the <literal>lenny</literal> version of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax such as \"<literal>?broken</literal>\" may be used for regex matching in place for its old <emphasis role=\"strong\">short form</emphasis> equivalent \"<literal>~b</literal>\". Now space character \"<literal> </literal>\" is considered as one of the regex terminating character in addition to tilde character \"<literal>~</literal>\".  See \"User's Manual\" for the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax."
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>バージョンの<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)では、新規の\"<literal>?broken</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">長形式</emphasis>のregexマッチ形式が、古い\"<literal>~b</literal>\"のような<emphasis role=\"strong\">短形式</emphasis>のマッチ形式に代えて使えます。そのためチルダ文字\"<literal>~</literal>\"二加えてスペース文字\"<literal> </literal>\"もregexの終端文字として扱われます。新規の<emphasis role=\"strong\">長形式</emphasis>のマッチ形式については\"User's Manual\"を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6435
msgid "Dependency resolution of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeによる依存関係の解決"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6436
msgid "The selection of a package in <literal>aptitude</literal> not only pulls in packages which are defined in its \"<literal>Depends:</literal>\" list but also defined in the \"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\" list if the menu \"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Dependency handling\" is set accordingly.  These auto installed packages are removed automatically if they are no longer needed under <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr " <literal>aptitude</literal>によるパッケージの選択は、\"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Dependency handling\"のメニュー設定に従って、\"<literal>Depends:</literal>\"リストに規定されたパッケージばかりでは無く\"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\"リストに規定されたパッケージも引き込みます。このような自動的にインストールされたパッケージは不要になると<literal>aptitude</literal>が自動的に削除します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6438
msgid "Before the <literal>lenny</literal> release, <literal>apt-get</literal> and other standard APT tools did not offer the autoremove functionality."
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>リリース以前は、<literal>apt-get</literal>等の他の標準的なAPTツールは自動的削除機能がありませんでした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6441
msgid "Package activity logs"
msgstr "パケージアクティビティーログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6442
msgid "You can check package activity history in the log files."
msgstr "パッケージアクティビティーの履歴はログファイルで確認できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6445
msgid "The log files for package activities."
msgstr "パッケージアクティビティーのログファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6452
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7068
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7457
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9366
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11624
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11718
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11791
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14209
msgid "file"
msgstr "ファイル"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6455
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7074
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9492
msgid "content"
msgstr "内容"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6462
msgid "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6465
msgid "Log of <literal>dpkg</literal> level activity for all package activities."
msgstr "全パッケージアクティビティーの<literal>dpkg</literal>レベルのアクティビティーのログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6470
msgid "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6473
msgid "Log of generic APT activity."
msgstr "APTアクティビティーのログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6478
msgid "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6481
msgid "Log of <literal>aptitude</literal> command activity."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>コマンドアクティビティーのログ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6487
msgid "In reality, it is not so easy to get meaningful understanding quickly out from these logs.  See <xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> for easier way."
msgstr "これらのログから意味のある理解を迅速に得るのは実際には難しいです。より簡単な方法については<xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6491
msgid "Aptitude advantages"
msgstr "Aptitudeの長所"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6492
msgid "Aptitude has advantages over other APT based packaging systems (apt-get, apt-cache, synaptic, …):"
msgstr "Aptitudeは他のAPT準拠のパッケージシステム(apt-get, apt-cache, synaptic, …)と比べて以下の有利な点があります："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6497
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> removes unused auto installed packages automatically using its own extra layer of package state file (<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>). (For new \"<literal>lenny</literal>\", other APT does the same.)"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>は独自の追加層(<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>)を使用して自動インストールされ使われなくなったパッケージを自動的に削除します。(新しい<literal>lenny</literal>では、他のAPTも同様のことをします。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6502
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> makes it easy to resolve package conflicts and to add recommended packages."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を使うことでパッケージ間のコンフリクト解消や推薦パッケージの追加がしやすくなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6507
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> makes it easy to keep track of obsolete software by listing under \"Obsolete and Locally Created Packages\"."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を使うことで\"廃止された、またはローカルで作成されたパッケージ\"の下にリストすることで廃止ソフトウェアを追跡がしやすくなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6512
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> gives a log of its history in \"<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>は\"<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>にその履歴記録を残します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6517
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers access to all versions of the package if available."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を使うことで利用可能な全てのバージョンのパッケージにアクセスできます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6522
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> includes a fairly powerful regex based system for searching particular packages and limiting the package display."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>には特定パッケージを探したり表示を制限するためのかなり強力なregexシステムがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6527
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> in the full screen mode has <literal>su</literal> functionality embedded and can be run from normal user until you really need administrative privileges."
msgstr "フルスクリーンモードの<literal>aptitude</literal>は<literal>su</literal>機能がついているので本当に管理権限が必要になるまでは通常のユーザーからの実行ができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6531
msgid "For the old <literal>etch</literal> release version, <literal>synaptic</literal> also gives you the history log; <literal>apt-get</literal> did not but you can rely on the log of <literal>dpkg</literal>."
msgstr "古い<literal>etch</literal>リリースのバージョンでは、<literal>synaptic</literal>にも履歴記録はありましたが、<literal>dpkg</literal>の記録に頼らなければ<literal>apt-get</literal>には履歴記録はありませんでした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6533
msgid "Anyway, <literal>aptitude</literal> is nice for interactive console use."
msgstr "何れにせよ<literal>aptitude</literal>はコンソールでのインタラクティブな使用に好適です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6538
msgid "Examples of aptitude operations"
msgstr "aptitude操作例"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6539
msgid "Here are few examples of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) operations."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)操作例を以下に示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6542
msgid "List packages with regex matching package name"
msgstr "regexにマッチするパッケージ名のパッケージをリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6543
msgid "The following command lists packages with regex matching names."
msgstr "以下のコマンドはregexにマッチする名前のパッケージをリストします。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6545
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n"
"p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n"
"p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6548
msgid "This is quite handy for you to find the exact name of a package."
msgstr "これはパッケージの正確な名前を探すときに非常に便利です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6552
msgid "Browse with the regex matching"
msgstr "regexマッチをして閲覧"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6553
msgid "The regex \"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt, limits view to packages with the matching description and let you browse their information interactively."
msgstr "\"平坦なパッケージリスト\"のビューで\"<literal>l</literal>\"のプロンプトにregex\"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\"を入れるとその意味にマッチするパッケージにビューが制限され、その情報をインタラクティブに閲覧できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6557
msgid "Purge removed packages for good"
msgstr "パッケージを本当に完全削除"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6558
msgid "You can purge all remaining configuration files of removed packages:"
msgstr "削除したパッケージが残した全ての設定ファイルを完全削除できます："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6560
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude search '~c'"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6564
msgid "check results"
msgstr "結果の確認"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6568
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude purge '~c'"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6569
msgid "You may want to do the similar in the interactive mode for fine grained control."
msgstr "同様のことをインタラクティブにすればよりきめの細かい結果が得られます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6571
msgid "You provide the regex \"<literal>~c</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt.  This limits the package view only to regex matched packages, i.e., \"removed but not purged\".  All these regex matched packages can be shown by pressing \"<literal>[</literal>\" at top level headings."
msgstr "\"平坦なパッケージリスト\"のビューで\"<literal>l</literal>\"のプロンプトにregex\"<literal>~c</literal>\"を入れるとregexにマッチする\"削除されたが完全さ駆除されていない\"パッケージにビューが制限されます。トップレベルの見出しの上で\"<literal>[</literal>\"を押すとregexにマッチする全てのパッケージが表示されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6573
msgid "Then you press \"<literal>_</literal>\" at top level headings such as \"Installed Packages\".  Only regex matched packages under the heading are marked to be purged by this.  You can exclude some packages to be purged by pressing \"<literal>=</literal>\" interactively for each of them."
msgstr "次に\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"等のトップレベルの見出しの上で\"<literal>_</literal>\"を押します。その見出しの下のregexにマッチするパッケージだけが完全削除と設定されます。インタラクティブに個々のパッケージの上で\"<literal>=</literal>\"を押せばそれらのパッケージを完全削除対象から外せます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6575
msgid "This technique is quite handy and works for many other command keys."
msgstr "このテクニックは非常に便利で、他の多くのコマンドキーでも使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6579
msgid "Tidy auto/manual install status"
msgstr "自動/手動インストールの状態の整理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6580
msgid "Here is how I tidy auto/manual install status for packages (after using non-aptitude package installer etc.):"
msgstr "(非aptitudeのパッケージインストーラー等を使った後で)パッケージの自動/手動インストールの状態を整理する私の方法を以下に記します："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6585
msgid "Start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode as root."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>をrootとしてインタラクティブに起動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6590
msgid "Type \"<literal>u</literal>\", \"<literal>U</literal>\", \"<literal>f</literal>\" and \"<literal>g</literal>\" to update and upgrade package list and packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>u</literal>\"と\"<literal>U</literal>\"と\"<literal>f</literal>\"と\"<literal>g</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージリストを更新しパッケージをアップグレードします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6595
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\" and type \"<literal>M</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as auto installed."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>M</literal>\"とタイプして自動インストールされたとします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6600
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as manual installed."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>m</literal>\"とタイプして手動インストールされたとします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6605
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\" and remove unused package by typing \"<literal>-</literal>\" over each of them after exposing them by typing \"<literal>[</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>[</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージを見えるようにした後で個々のパッケージの上で\"<literal>-</literal>\"とタイプして使っていないパッケージを削除します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6610
msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" as manual installed."
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\"とタイプしてパッケージ表示制限を\"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\"として、\"インストール済みのパッケージ\"の上で\"<literal>M</literal>\"とタイプして自動インストールされたとします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6615
msgid "Exit <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>を終了。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6620
msgid "Start \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to check what are not used."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\"とrootから起動して何が使われていないのか確認します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6625
msgid "Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>とインタラクティブモードで起動して必要なパッケージを\"<literal>m</literal>\"でマークします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6630
msgid "Restart \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to recheck REMOVED contain only expected packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\"とrootから再起動して削除対象が期待にかなっていることを再確認します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6635
msgid "Start \"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to autoremove unused packages."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\"とrootから起動して使用していないパッケージを自動削除します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6639
msgid "The \"<literal>m</literal>\" action over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" is an optional one to prevent mass package removal situation in future."
msgstr "\"<literal>Tasks</literal>\"の上で\"<literal>m</literal>\"を押すのも一案で、大量ファイル除去となる事態が回避できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6643
msgid "System wide upgrade with aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeを使ったシステム全体のアップグレード"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6644
msgid "When moving to a new release etc, you should consider to perform a clean installation of new system even though Debian is upgradable as described below.  This provides you a chance to remove garbages collected and exposes you to the best combination of latest packages.  Of course, you should make a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) before doing this. I recommend to make a dual boot configuration using different partition to have the smoothest transition."
msgstr "新しいリリース等への移行は、Debianでは下記のようにアップグレードできるのですが、新たなシステムをクリーンインストールすることを考えるべきです。こうすると溜めてきたゴミの除去ができる上に最新のパッケージの最良の組み合わせも分かります。もちろん安全な場所に完全なシステムのバックアップ(<xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>参照)を事前にしなくてはいけません。異なったパーティションを使ったデュアルブート設定をすることをスムーズな移行をするためにお薦めします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6645
msgid "You can perform system wide upgrade to a newer release by changing contents of the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file pointing to a new release and running the \"<literal>aptitude update; aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" command."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルの内容を新しいリリースへと向けるように変更し、\"<literal>aptitude update; aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\"コマンドを実行することでシステム全体のアップグレードができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6647
msgid "To upgrade from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal>, you replace \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" example of <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> with \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>sid</literal>\"."
msgstr "安定版<literal>stable</literal>からテスト版<literal>testing</literal>や不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>にアップグレードするには、<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>にある\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"例の\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"を\"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\"か\"<literal>sid</literal>\"に置き換えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6649
msgid "In reality, you may face some complications due to some package transition issues, mostly due to package dependencies.  The larger the difference of the upgrade, the more likely you face larger troubles.  For the transition from the old <literal>stable</literal> to the new <literal>stable</literal> after its release, you can read its new <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> and follow the exact procedure described in it to minimize troubles."
msgstr "一部のパッケージで移行に関して支障をきたすことが実際には起こるかもしれません。これは大体パッケージ依存関係に起因します。アップグレードする差が大きければ大きいほど比較的大きな問題似合う可能性がより大きくなります。以前の安定版<literal>stable</literal>からリリース後の新しい安定版<literal>stable</literal>への移行では新しい<ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">リリースノート</ulink>を読んでそこに記載された手続き通りに完全にすれば問題発生を防げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6651
msgid "When you decide to move from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> before its formal release, there are no <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> to help you. The difference between <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> could have grown quite large after the previous <literal>stable</literal> release and makes upgrade situation complicated."
msgstr "安定版<literal>stable</literal>からテスト版<literal>testing</literal>へ移行すると決めた時には頼りにする<ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">リリースノート</ulink>はありません。前回の安定版<literal>stable</literal>のリリースの後で安定版<literal>stable</literal>とテスト版<literal>testing</literal>の差がかなり大きくなっているかもしれません。そうだとアップグレードをする状況は複雑になっています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6653
msgid "You should make some precautionary moves while gathering latest information from mailing list and using common sense:"
msgstr "メーリングリストから最新情報を収集するとか常識を使うといった予防措置をするべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6658
msgid "read previous \"Release Notes\"."
msgstr "前回の\"リリースノート\"を読む。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6663
msgid "back up entire system (especially data and configuration information)."
msgstr "全システム(特にデーターや設定情報)をバックアップする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6668
msgid "have bootable media handy for broken bootloader."
msgstr "ブートローダーが壊れたときのためにブートできる媒体を確保する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6673
msgid "inform users on the system well in advance."
msgstr "システムを使っているユーザーに十分事前に通告する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6678
msgid "record upgrade activity with <literal>script</literal>(1)."
msgstr "<literal>script</literal>(1)を使ってアップグレード活動を記録する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6683
msgid "apply \"unmarkauto\" to required packages, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude unmarkauto vim</literal>\", to prevent removal."
msgstr "削除をされないように\"<literal>aptitude unmarkauto vim</literal>\"等として、\"unmarkauto\"を重要なパッケージに適用する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6688
msgid "minimize installed packages to reduce chance of package conflicts, e.g., remove desktop task packages."
msgstr "デスクトップタスクにあるパッケージ等を削除して、インストールされたパッケージを減らしてパッケージがコンフリクトする可能性を減らす。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6693
msgid "remove the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file. (disable apt-pinning)"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを削除する。(apt-pinningを無効にする)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6698
msgid "try to upgrade step wise: <literal>oldstable</literal> → <literal>stable</literal> → <literal>testing</literal> → <literal>unstable</literal>."
msgstr "段階的にアップグレードするように努める：旧安定版<literal>oldstable</literal> → 安定版<literal>stable</literal> → テスト版<literal>testing</literal> → 不安定版<literal>unstable</literal>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6703
msgid "update the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to point to new archive only and run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"ファイルをアップデートして新しいアーカイブに向けて、\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"を実行する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6708
msgid "install, optionally, new <emphasis role=\"strong\">core packages</emphasis> first, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"等として、新規の<emphasis role=\"strong\">中核的パッケージ</emphasis>のインストールを必要に応じて先にする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6713
msgid "run the \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade -s</literal>\" command to assess impact."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade -s</literal>\"コマンドを実行して影響を確認する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6718
msgid "run the \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" command."
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\"コマンドを実行する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6722
msgid "It is not wise to skip major Debian release when upgrading between <literal>stable</literal> releases."
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal>リリース間でアップグレードする際にDebianのメジャーリリースを飛ばすのは賢明ではない。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6723
msgid "In previous \"Release Notes\", GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, APT tool chain, etc. have required some special attention for system wide upgrade."
msgstr "過去の\"リリースノート\"ではシステム全体のアップグレードをするのにGCCやLinuxカーネルやinitrd-toolsやGlibcやPerlやAPT tool chain等には特別な配慮が必要でした。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6724
msgid "For daily upgrade in <literal>unstable</literal>, see <xref linkend=\"_safeguard_for_package_problems\"/>."
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal>での毎日のアップグレードは<xref linkend=\"_safeguard_for_package_problems\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6729
msgid "Advanced package management operations"
msgstr "高度なパッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6731
msgid "Advanced package management operations with commandline"
msgstr "コマンドラインによる高度なパッケージ管理操作"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6732
msgid "Here are list of other package management operations for which <literal>aptitude</literal> is too high-level or lacks required functionalities."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>ではハイレベル過ぎるとか必要な機能を欠くという他のパッケージ管理操作のリストです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6735
msgid "List of advanced package management operations."
msgstr "高度なパッケージ管理操作のリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6752
msgid "list status of an installed package for the bug report."
msgstr "バグレポートのためのにインストールされたパッケージの状態をリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6755
msgid "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;パッケージ名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6760
msgid "list contents of an installed package."
msgstr "インストールされたパッケージの内容をリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6763
msgid "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6768
msgid "list manpages for an installed package."
msgstr "インストールされたパッケージのmanページをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6771
msgid "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;パッケージ名&gt; | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6776
msgid "list installed packages which have matching file name."
msgstr "マッチするファイル名があるインストールされたパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6779
msgid "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;ファイル名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6784
msgid "list packages in archive which have matching file name."
msgstr "マッチするファイル名があるアーカイブ中のパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6787
msgid "<literal>apt-file search &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-file search &lt;ファイル名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6792
msgid "list contents of matching packages in archive."
msgstr "アーカイブ中のマッチするパッケージをリストする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6795
msgid "<literal>apt-file list &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-file list &lt;パッケージ名パターン&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6800
msgid "reconfigure the exact package ."
msgstr "特定パッケージを再設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6803
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6808
msgid "reconfigure the exact package with the most detailed question."
msgstr "もっとも詳細な質問で特定パッケージを再設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6811
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6816
msgid "reconfigure packages from the full screen menu."
msgstr "フルスクリーンメニューからパッケージを再設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6819
msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6824
msgid "audit system for partially installed packages."
msgstr "部分的にインストールされたパッケージに関してシステムを監査する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6827
msgid "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6832
msgid "configures all partially installed packages."
msgstr "全ての部分的にインストールされたパッケージを設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6835
msgid "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6840
msgid "show available version, priority, and archive information of a binary package."
msgstr "バイナリーパッケージに関して使用可能なバージョンやプライオリティーやアーカイブ情報を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6843
msgid "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;バイナリーパッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6848
msgid "show available version, archive information of a package."
msgstr "パッケージに関して使用可能なバージョンやアーカイブ情報を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6851
msgid "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6856
msgid "show source package information of a binary package."
msgstr "バイナリーパッケージに関してソースパッケージの情報を表示する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6859
msgid "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;バイナリーパッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6864
msgid "install required packages to build package."
msgstr "パッケージをビルドするのに必要なパッケージをインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6867
msgid "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6872
msgid "download a source. (from standard archive)"
msgstr "(標準アーカイブから)ソースをダウンロードする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6875
msgid "<literal>apt-get source &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get source &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6880
msgid "download a source packages. (from other archive)"
msgstr "(他のアーカイブから)ソースをダウンロードする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6883
msgid "<literal>dget &lt;URL for dsc file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dget &lt;dscファイルのURL&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6888
msgid "build a source tree from a set of source packages (\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")."
msgstr "ソースパッケージの組(\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\"と\"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")からソースツリーをビルドする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6891
msgid "<literal>dpkg-source -x &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-source -x &lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;バージョン&gt;-&lt;debianバージョン&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6896
msgid "build package(s) from a local source tree."
msgstr "ローカルのソースツリーからパッケージをビルドする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6899
msgid "<literal>debuild binary</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6904
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree."
msgstr "カーネルソースツリーからカーネルパッケージをビルドする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6907
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6912
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree with initramfs enabled."
msgstr "カーネルソースツリーからinitramfsを有効にしてカーネルパッケージをビルドする。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6915
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6920
msgid "install a local package to the system."
msgstr "ローカルパッケージをシステムにインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6923
msgid "<literal>dpkg -i &lt;package_name&gt;<emphasis>&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;</emphasis>&lt;arch&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -i &lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;バージョン&gt;-&lt;debianバージョン&gt;_&lt;アーキテクチャー名&gt;.deb</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6928
msgid "install local package(s) to the system."
msgstr "ローカルパッケージ（複数）をシステムにインストールする。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6931
msgid "<literal>debi &lt;package_name&gt;<emphasis>&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;</emphasis>&lt;arch&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>debi &lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;バージョン&gt;-&lt;debianバージョン&gt;_&lt;アーキテクチャー名&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6936
msgid "save <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>レベルのパッケージ選択状態情報を保存する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6939
msgid "<literal>dpkg --get-selection '*' &gt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6944
msgid "set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>レベルのパッケージ選択状態情報を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:6947
msgid "<literal>dpkg --set-selection &lt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6953
msgid "Lower level package tools such as \"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\" and \"<literal>debi …</literal>\" should be carefully used by the system administrator.  It does not automatically take care required package dependencies. Dpkg's commandline options \"<literal>--force-all</literal>\" and similar (see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1)) are intended to be used by experts only.  Using them without fully understanding their effects may break your whole system."
msgstr "\"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\"や\"<literal>debi …</literal>\"といった低いレベルのパケージツールはシステム管理者によって注意深く使われなければいけません。必要なパッケージ依存関係を自動的に面倒見てくれません。Dpkgの\"<literal>--force-all</literal>\"や類似のコマンドラインオプション(<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)参照)はエキスパートだけが使うようにできています。十分にその影響を理解せずに使うとシステム全体を壊してしまうかもしれません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6954
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18556
msgid "Please note:"
msgstr "以下に注意下さい："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6959
msgid "All system configuration and installation commands require to be run from root."
msgstr "全てのシステム設定やインストールコマンドはrootから実行なければいけません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6964
msgid "Unlike <literal>aptitude</literal> which uses regex (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>), other package management commands use pattern like shell glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."
msgstr "regex(<xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>参照)を使う<literal>aptitude</literal>と異なり、他のパッケージ管理コマンドはシェルグロブ(<xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>参照)のようなパターンを使います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6969
msgid "<literal>apt-file</literal>(1) provided by the <literal>apt-file</literal> package must run \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" in advance."
msgstr "<literal>apt-file</literal>パッケージに入っている<literal>apt-file</literal>(1)は事前に\"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\"を実行する必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6974
msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8) provided by the <literal>configure-debian</literal> package runs <literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) as its backend."
msgstr "<literal>configure-debian</literal>パッケージに入っている<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8)はそのバックエンドとして<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8)を実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6979
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) runs package scripts using <literal>debconf</literal>(1) as its backend."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8)はそのバックエンドとして<literal>debconf</literal>(1)を利用するパッケージスクリプトを実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6984
msgid "\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\", \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\" commands require \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" entry in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\"コマンドは\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"の中に\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"エントリーが必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6989
msgid "<literal>dget</literal>(1), <literal>debuild</literal>(1), and <literal>debi</literal>(1) require <literal>devscripts</literal> package."
msgstr "<literal>dget</literal>(1)や<literal>debuild</literal>(1)や<literal>debi</literal>(1)は<literal>devscripts</literal>パッケージが必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6994
msgid "see (re)packaging procedure using \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" in <xref linkend=\"_port_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>."
msgstr "\"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\"を使った(再)パケージ化の手続きは<xref linkend=\"_port_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:6999
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg</literal> command requires the <literal>kernel-package</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>)."
msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg</literal>コマンドは<literal>kernel-package</literal>パッケージが必要です(<xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7004
msgid "see <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/> for general packaging."
msgstr "一般的なパケージ化に関しては<xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7008
msgid "The source package format described here as a set of source packages (\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\") is format 1.0 which is still popular.  See more on <literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1) for other newer formats."
msgstr "ソースパッケージの組としてここで説明したソースパッケージのフォーマット(\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\"と\"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")はまだ主流の1.0フォーマットです。他の新規フォーマットに関しての詳細は<literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1)を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7011
msgid "Verify installed package files"
msgstr "インストールされたパケージファイルの検証"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7012
msgid "The installation of <literal>debsums</literal> enables verification of installed package files against MD5sum values in the \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\" file with <literal>debsums</literal>(1).  See <xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/> for how MD5sum works."
msgstr "<literal>debsums</literal>をインストールすると<literal>debsums</literal>(1)を使って\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\"ファイル中のMD5sum値との比較でインストールされたパケージファイルを検証できます。MD5sumがどのような仕組かは<xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/>参照ください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7014
msgid "Because MD5sum database may be tampered by the intruder, <literal>debsums</literal>(1) is of limited use as a security tool. It is only good for checking local modifications by the administrator or damage due to media errors."
msgstr "侵入者によってMD5sumのデーターベースが改竄されているかもしれないので<literal>debsums</literal>(1)はセキュリティーツールとしては限定的有用性しかありません。管理者によるローカルの変更や記憶媒体のエラーによる損傷を点検するぐらいには有用です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7017
msgid "Safeguard for package problems"
msgstr "パッケージの問題に対する防御"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7018
msgid "Many users prefer to follow the <emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis> release of the Debian system for its new features and packages.  This makes the system more prone to be hit by the critical package bugs."
msgstr "多くのユーザーは新しい機能やパッケージを求めてDebianシステムの非安定版<emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis>リリースを追いかけることを好みます。こういうことをするとクリティカルなパッケージのバグにシステムが遭遇しやすくなります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7020
msgid "The installation of the <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> package will provide safeguard to the critical bugs by checking Debian BTS automatically for critical bugs when upgrading with APT system."
msgstr "<literal>apt-listbugs</literal>パッケージをインストールすれば、APTシステムを使ってアップグレードする時にDebianのBTSを自動的にクリティカルなバグに関して点検することで、クリティカルなバグから防御ができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7022
msgid "The installation of the <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> package will provide important news in \"<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>\" when upgrading with APT system."
msgstr "<literal>apt-listchanges</literal>パッケージをインストールすれば、APTシステムを使ってアップグレードする時に<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>中の重要ニュースを表示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7026
msgid "Search on the package meta data"
msgstr "パケージメタデーターの検索"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7027
msgid "Although visiting Debian site <ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink> facilitates easy ways to search on the package meta data these days, let's look into more traditional ways."
msgstr "最近はDebianサイトの<ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink>を訪問するとパケージメタデーターの検索を簡単に出きるようになっていますが、より伝統的な方法を見てみましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7029
msgid "The <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1), <literal>grep-status</literal>(1), and <literal>grep-available</literal>(1) commands can be used to search any file which has the general format of a Debian package control file."
msgstr "<literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1)や<literal>grep-status</literal>(1)や<literal>grep-available</literal>(1)コマンドはDebianのパッケージコントロールファイルの一般的フォーマットに従ういかなるファイルを検索するのにも使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7031
msgid "The \"<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>\" can be used search package names which contain files with the matching name installed by <literal>dpkg</literal>.  But this overlooks files created by the maintainer scripts."
msgstr "マッチする名前のファイルを含む<literal>dpkg</literal>でインストールされたパッケージ名を探索するのに\"<literal>dpkg -S &lt;ファイル名パターン&gt;</literal>\"が使えます。しかしメンテナスクリプトで生成されるファイルはこれでは見逃されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7033
msgid "If you need to make more elaborate search on the dpkg meta data, you need to run \"<literal>grep -e regex_pattern *</literal>\" command in the \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\" directory.  This will let you identify:"
msgstr "dpkgのメタデーターに関するより詳細な検索をする必要がある場合、\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\"ディレクトリーで\"<literal>grep -e regexパターン *</literal>\"コマンドを実行しないといけません。こうすることで以下のことが分かります："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7038
msgid "the package name which installs, creates or modifies particular file which match pattern."
msgstr "パターンにマッチする特定ファイルをインストールや作成や改変するパッケージ名。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7043
msgid "the package name which asks the installation query words which match pattern."
msgstr "パターンにマッチするインストールの質問文言を聞くパッケージ名。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7047
msgid "If you wish to look up package dependency recursively, you should use <literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)."
msgstr "パッケージ依存関係を再帰的に検索したい際には、<literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)を使いましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7052
msgid "Debian package management internals"
msgstr "Debianパケージ管理の内部"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7053
msgid "Let's learn how the Debian package management system works internally.  This should help you to create your own solution to some package problems."
msgstr "Debianのパッケージ管理システムが内部的のどのように機能するのかを学びましょう。何らかのパッケージ問題が発生した際にあなた自身の解決を見出すのに役立つでしょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7056
msgid "Archive meta data"
msgstr "アーカイブのメタデーター"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7057
msgid "Meta data files for each distribution are stored under \"<literal>dist/&lt;codename&gt;</literal>\" on each Debian mirror sites, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal>\".  Its archive structure can be browsed by the web browser. There are 6 types of key meta data:"
msgstr "各ディストリビューションのメタデーターのファイルは例えば\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal>\"のような各Debianミラーサイトの\"<literal>dist/&lt;コード名&gt;</literal>\"の下に保存されています。そのアーカイブ構造はウエッブブラウザーで閲覧できます。6つのタイプの重要メタデーターがあります："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7060
msgid "The content of the Debian archive meta data."
msgstr "Debianアーカイブのメタデーターの内容。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7071
msgid "location"
msgstr "場所"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7081
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7114
msgid "<literal>Release</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Release</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7084
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7095
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7106
msgid "top of distribution"
msgstr "ディストリビューションのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7087
msgid "archive description and integrity information"
msgstr "アーカイブの説明との整合性情報"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7092
msgid "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7098
msgid "signature file for the \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file signed with the archive key"
msgstr "アーカイブキーで署名された\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルに関する署名ファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7103
msgid "<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7109
msgid "list of all files for all the packages in the pertinent archive"
msgstr "該当アーカイブ中全てのパッケージに関する全ファイルリスト"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7117
msgid "top of each distribution/component/architecture combination"
msgstr "各ディストリビューション/コンポーネント/アーキテクチャーの組み合わせのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7120
msgid "archive description used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)"
msgstr "<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)のルールに利用されるアーカイブの記述。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7125
msgid "<literal>Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Packages</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7128
msgid "top of each distribution/component/binary-architecture combination"
msgstr "各ディストリビューション/コンポーネント/バイナリアーキテクチャーの組み合わせのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7131
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for binary packages"
msgstr "バイナリーパッケージに関して<literal>debian/control</literal>を連結"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7136
msgid "<literal>Sources</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Sources</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7139
msgid "top of each distribution/component/source combination"
msgstr "各ディストリビューション/コンポーネント/ソースの組み合わせのトップ"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7142
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for source packages"
msgstr "ソースパッケージに関して<literal>debian/control</literal>を連結"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7148
msgid "In the recent archive, these meta data are stored as the compressed and differential files to reduce network traffic."
msgstr "最近のアーカイブではネットワークトラフィックを減らすべく圧縮された差分ファイルとしてこれらのメタデーターは保存されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7152
msgid "Top level \"Release\" file and authenticity"
msgstr "トップレベルの\"Release\"ファイルと信憑性"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7153
msgid "The top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is used for signing the archive under the <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セキュアAPT</emphasis>システムではトップレベルの\"Release\"ファイルがアーカイブを署名するのに使われています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7154
msgid "Each suite of the Debian archive has a top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>\":"
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの各スイーツには例えば\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>\"のようなトップレベルの\"Release\"ファイルがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7156
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Suite: unstable\n"
"Codename: sid\n"
"Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:13:58 UTC\n"
"Architectures: alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n"
"Components: main contrib non-free\n"
"Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n"
"MD5Sum:\n"
" e9f11bc50b12af7927d6583de0a3bd06 22788722 main/binary-alpha/Packages\n"
" 43524d07f7fa21b10f472c426db66168  6561398 main/binary-alpha/Packages.gz\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7168
msgid "Here, you can find my rationale to use the \"suite\", \"codeneme\", and \"components\" in <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>.  The \"distribution\" is used when referring to both \"suite\" and \"codeneme\"."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>の中で\"スイーツ(suite)\"や\"コード名(codename)\"や\"コンポーネント(component)\"を使う理由はこれを見れば分かるでしょう。\"ディストリビューション\"は\"スイーツ\"と\"コード名\"との両方を指したい際に用いられます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7169
msgid "The integrity of the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is verified by cryptographic infrastructure called the <ulink url=\"&secureapt;\">secure apt</ulink>."
msgstr "トップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルの整合性は <ulink url=\"&secureapt;\">セキュアapt</ulink>という暗号学手法インフラストラクチャーによって検証されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7174
msgid "The cryptographic signature file \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" is created from the authentic top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file and the secret Debian archive key."
msgstr "暗号手法による署名ファイル\"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\"は真正のトップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルと秘密のDebianアーカイブキーから作成されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7179
msgid "The public Debian archive key can be seeded into \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\":"
msgstr "公開のDebianアーカイブキーは\"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"に取り込むには以下のようにします："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7184
msgid "automatically by installing the keyring with the latest <literal>base-files</literal> package, or"
msgstr "最新の<literal>base-files</literal>パッケージを用いてキーリングをインストールすることで自動で取り込む。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7189
msgid "manually by <literal>gpg</literal> or <literal>apt-key</literal> tool with <ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">the latest public archive key posted on the ftp-master.debian.org</ulink> ."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">ftp-master.debian.orgに掲示された最新の公開アーカイブキー</ulink>を<literal>gpg</literal>か<literal>apt-key</literal>ツールを用いて手動で取り込む。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7196
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system verifies the integrity of the downloaded top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file cryptographically by this \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" file and the public Debian archive key in \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">セキュアAPT</emphasis>システムはこの\"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\"ファイルと\"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"中の公開アーカイブキーを用いてダウンロードされたトップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルの整合性を暗号学手法を用いて検証します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7200
msgid "The integrity of all the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files are verified by using MD5sum values in its top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file.  The integrity of all package files are verified by using MD5sum values in the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files.  See <literal>debsums</literal>(1) and <xref linkend=\"_verify_installed_package_files\"/>."
msgstr "\"全ての<literal>Packages</literal>\"と\"<literal>Sources</literal>ファイルの整合性はそのトップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイル中のMD5sum値を用いて検証します。\"パッケージファイルの整合性は\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"や\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"ファイル中のMD5sum値を用いて検証します。<literal>debsums</literal>(1)と<xref linkend=\"_verify_installed_package_files\"/>を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7202
msgid "Since the cryptographic signature verification is very CPU intensive process than the MD5sum value calculation, use of MD5sum value for each package while using cryptographic signature for the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file provides <ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">the good security with the performance</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)."
msgstr "暗号学手法を用いた署名の検証はMD5sum値の計算よりも非常にCPUを使うプロセスなので、トップレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルには暗号学手法を用いた署名を使いつつ各パッケージにはMD5sum値を用いることで<ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">パーフォーマンスを保ったまま良好なセキュリティー</ulink>が確保できます(<xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7206
msgid "Archive level \"Release\" files"
msgstr "アーカイブレベルの\"Release\"ファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7207
msgid "The archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)."
msgstr "アーカイブレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルは<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)のルールに利用されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7208
msgid "There are archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files for all archive locations specified by \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\", such as \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" or \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\":"
msgstr "\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"や\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"等の\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中の\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行で特定される全てのアーカイブロケーションにはアーカイブレベルの\"<literal>Release</literal>\"ファイルがあります。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7210
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7215
msgid "For \"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" stanza, suite names (\"<literal>stable</literal>\", \"<literal>testing</literal>\", \"<literal>unstable</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> while codenames (\"<literal>dapper</literal>\", \"<literal>feisty</literal>\", \"<literal>gutsy</literal>\", \"<literal>hardy</literal>\", \"<literal>intrepid</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">the Ubuntu archive</ulink>."
msgstr "\"<literal>Archive:</literal>\"スタンザには、<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debianアーカイブ</ulink>ではスイート名(\"<literal>stable</literal>\"や\"<literal>testing</literal>\"や\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"等)が使われますが、<ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">Ubuntuアーカイブ</ulink>ではコード名(\"<literal>dapper</literal>\"や\"<literal>feisty</literal>\"や\"<literal>gutsy</literal>\"や\"<literal>hardy</literal>\"や\"<literal>intrepid</literal>\"等)が使われます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7216
msgid "For some archives, such as <literal>experimental</literal>, <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>, and <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>, which contain packages which should not be installed automatically, there is an extra line, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\":"
msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>や<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>や<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>のような自動的にインストールされるべきでないパッケージを含むようなアーカイブでは\"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"のような追加の行があります："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7218
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: experimental\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"NotAutomatic: yes\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7224
msgid "Please note that for normal archives without \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 500, while for special archives with \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 1 (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr "\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"となっていない通常のアーカイブではデフォルトのPin-Priority値は500ですが、\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"となっている特別なアーカイブではデフォルトのPin-Priority値は1です(<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)と<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>参照)。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7228
msgid "Fetching of the meta data for the package"
msgstr "パッケージメタデーターの取得"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7229
msgid "When APT tools, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, <literal>apt-file</literal>, <literal>auto-apt</literal>…, are used, we need to update the local copies of the meta data containing the Debian archive information. These local copies have file names corresponding to the specified <literal>distribution</literal>, <literal>component</literal>, and <literal>architecture</literal> names in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>) as:"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>や<literal>apt-get</literal>や<literal>synaptic</literal>や<literal>apt-file</literal>や<literal>auto-apt</literal>等のAPTツールが使われる際にはDebianアーカイブ情報を含むメタデーターのローカルコピーを更新する必要があります。この様なコピーは\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中の<literal>ディストリビューション</literal>と<literal>コンポーネント</literal>と<literal>アーキテクチャー</literal>の名前に対応する以下のファイル名です(<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>参照)："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7234
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Release</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_Release</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7239
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7244
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_&lt;component&gt;_binary-&lt;architecture&gt;_Packages</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_&lt;コンポーネント&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7249
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_&lt;component&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\", and"
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_&lt;コンポーネント&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7254
msgid "\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;distribution&gt;_Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" (for <literal>apt-file</literal>)."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;ディストリビューション&gt;_Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.gz</literal>\" (<literal>apt-file</literal>用)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7258
msgid "First 4 types of files are shared by all the pertinent APT commands and updated from command line by \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\".  The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\". The \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr "最初の4つのタイプのファイルは全ての適切なAPTコマンド間で共有されておりコマンドラインから\"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"や\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"によって更新されます。もし\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中に\"<literal>deb</literal>\"行があれば\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"メタデーターが更新されます。もし\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中に\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"行があれば\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"メタデーターが更新されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7260
msgid "The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data contain \"<literal>Filename:</literal>\" stanza pointing to the file location of the binary and source packages.  Currently, these packages are located under the \"<literal>pool/</literal>\" directory tree for the improved transition over the releases."
msgstr "\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"や\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"メタデーターはバイナリーやソースパッケージのファイルの場所を指している\"<literal>Filename:</literal>\"スタンザを含んでいます。現在、それらのパッケージはリリース間の移行を滞り無くするために\"<literal>pool/</literal>\"ディレクトリーツリーの下に置かれています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7262
msgid "Local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data can be interactively searched with the help of <literal>aptitude</literal>.  The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data."
msgstr "\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"メタデーターのローカルコピーは<literal>aptitude</literal>を使ってインタラクティブに検索できます。<literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1)という専用の検索コマンドを使うと\"<literal>Packages</literal>\"と\"<literal>Sources</literal>\"メタデーターのローカルコピーを検索できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7264
msgid "Local copy of \"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>\" meta data can be updated by \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" and its location is different from other 4 ones. See <literal>apt-file</literal>(1). (The <literal>auto-apt</literal> uses different location for local copy of \"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" as default.)"
msgstr "\"<literal>Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;</literal>\"メタデーターのローカルコピーは\"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\"で更新でき、他の4つと異なるところにあります。<literal>apt-file</literal>(1)を参照下さい。(<literal>auto-apt</literal>では\"<literal>Contents-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.gz</literal>\"のローカルコピーがデフォルトでは異なるところにあります。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7268
msgid "The package state for APT"
msgstr "APTに関するパッケージ状態"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7269
msgid "In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the APT tool after <literal>lenny</literal> stores its locally generated installation state information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\" which is used by all APT tools to track all auto installed packages."
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>以降のAPTツールではリモートから取得したメタデーターに追加でローカルで生成されるインストール状態情報を\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\"に保存して、自動インストールされた全パッケージを全てのAPTツールで追跡するのに用います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7273
msgid "The package state for aptitude"
msgstr "aptitudeに関するパッケージ状態"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7274
msgid "In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the <literal>aptitude</literal> command stores its locally generated installation state information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\" which is used only by it."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>コマンドではリモートから取得したメタデーターに追加でローカルで生成されるインストール状態情報を\"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\"に保存して用いています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7278
msgid "Local copies of the fetched packages"
msgstr "取得したパッケージのローカルコピー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7279
msgid "All the remotely fetched packages via APT mechanism are stored in the \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal>\" until they are cleaned."
msgstr "APTメカニズムでリモートから取得されたパッケージは消去されるまでは\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal>\"に貯蔵されます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7283
msgid "The Debian package file name"
msgstr "Debianパケージファイル名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7284
msgid "The Debian package files has particular name structures:"
msgstr "Debianのパッケージファイルには特定の名前の構造があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7287
msgid "The name structure of Debian packages."
msgstr "Debianパケージの名前の構造。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7294
msgid "package type"
msgstr "パッケージタイプ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7297
msgid "name structure"
msgstr "名前の構造"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7304
msgid "The binary package (a.k.a deb)"
msgstr "バイナリーパッケージ(所謂deb)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7307
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.deb</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7312
msgid "The binary package for the debian-installer (a.k.a udeb)"
msgstr "debianインストーラーのためのバイナリーパッケージ(所謂udeb)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7315
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.udeb</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;-&lt;アーキテクチャー&gt;.udeb</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7320
msgid "The source package (upstream source)"
msgstr "ソースパッケージ(アップストリームのソース)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7323
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7328
msgid "The source package (Debian changes)"
msgstr "ソースパッケージ(Debianの変更部分)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7331
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7336
msgid "The source package (description)"
msgstr "ソースパッケージ(内容記述)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7339
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;debian.version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;_&lt;エポック&gt;:&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;-&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7345
msgid "where,"
msgstr "ここで、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7348
msgid "The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names."
msgstr "Debianパッケージ名の各部分に使用可能な文字。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7356
msgid "name component"
msgstr "名前の部分"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7359
msgid "usable characters (regex)"
msgstr "使用可能文字(regex)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7362
msgid "existance"
msgstr "存在"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7369
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7372
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-]</literal></literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7375
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7397
msgid "required"
msgstr "必須"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7380
msgid "<literal>&lt;epoch&gt;:</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;エポック&gt;:</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7383
msgid "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7386
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7408
msgid "optional"
msgstr "オプション"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7391
msgid "<literal>&lt;upstream-version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;アップストリームのバージョン&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7394
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7402
msgid "<literal>&lt;debian.version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;debianのバージョン&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7405
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7414
msgid "You can check package version order by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), e.g., \"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\" ."
msgstr "パッケージバージョンの順位は<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)を使って、例えば\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\"とすると確認できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7415
msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">The debian-installer (d-i)</ulink> uses <literal>udeb</literal> as the file extension for its binary package instead of normal <literal>deb</literal>.  An <literal>udeb</literal> package is a stripped down <literal>deb</literal> package which removes few non-essential contents such as documentation to save space while relaxing the package policy requirements.  Both <literal>deb</literal> and <literal>udeb</literal> packages share the same package structure.  The \"<literal>u</literal>\" stands for micro."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">Debianインストーラー(d-i)</ulink>のバイナリーパッケージには、通常の<literal>deb</literal>ではなく<literal>udeb</literal>をファイルエクステンションとして使われます。<literal>udeb</literal>パッケージはポリシー条件を緩和しドキュメントのように必須でない内容を削除した減量<literal>deb</literal>パッケージです。<literal>deb</literal>と<literal>udeb</literal>パッケージは同一のパッケージ構造を共有しています。\"<literal>u</literal>\"はマイクロと言う意味で使っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7418
msgid "The dpkg command"
msgstr "dpkgコマンド"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7419
msgid "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) is the lowest level tool for the Debian package management.  This is very powerful and needs to be used with care."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)はDebianパッケージ管理の最下位のツールです。非常に強力ですから気をつけて使う必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7421
msgid "The fetched package is processed by <literal>dpkg</literal> in the following order:"
msgstr "取得されたパッケージは<literal>dpkg</literal>によって以下の順で処理されます："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7426
msgid "unpack the deb file (\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\" equivalent)"
msgstr "debファイルを解凍(\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\"と等価)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7431
msgid "preinst using <literal>debconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>(1)を使ったpreinst"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7436
msgid "install the package content to the system (\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\" equivalent)"
msgstr "システムにパッケージ内容をインストール(\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\"と等価)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7441
msgid "postinst using <literal>debconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>(1)を使ったpostinst"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7445
msgid "The <literal>debconf</literal> system provides standardized user interaction with I18N and L10N (<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>) supports."
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>システムによってI18NとL10N(<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>)のサポートのある標準化されたユーザーとの対話が実現できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7447
msgid "While installing package called \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", <literal>dpkg</literal> creates several files and executes several scripts."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>\"というパッケージをインストールする際に<literal>dpkg</literal>はファイルをいくつか作りスクリプトをいくつか実行します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7450
msgid "The notable files for dpkg."
msgstr "dpkgに関する特記すべきファイル。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7460
msgid "contents"
msgstr "内容"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7467
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.conffiles</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.conffiles</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7470
msgid "list of configuration files. (user modifiable)"
msgstr "設定ファイルのリスト。(ユーザー変更可能)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7475
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.list</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.list</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7478
msgid "list of files and directories installed by the package."
msgstr "パッケージによりインストールされるファイルやディレクトリーのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7483
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.md5sums</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.md5sums</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7486
msgid "list of MD5 hash values for files installed by the package."
msgstr "パッケージによりインストールされるファイルのMD5ハッシュ値のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7491
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.preinst</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7494
msgid "package script run before the package installation."
msgstr "パッケージ導入の前に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7499
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.postinst</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7502
msgid "package script run after the package installation."
msgstr "パッケージ導入の後に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7507
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7510
msgid "package script run before the package removal."
msgstr "パッケージ削除の前に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7515
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7518
msgid "package script run after the package removal."
msgstr "パッケージ削除の前に実行するパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7523
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.config</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.conffiles</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7526
msgid "package script for <literal>debconf</literal> system."
msgstr "<literal>debconf</literal>システムのためのパッケージスクリプト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7531
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7534
msgid "the alternative information used by the <literal>update-alternatives</literal> command."
msgstr "<literal>update-alternatives</literal>コマンドが用いる代替情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7539
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7542
msgid "the availability information for all the package."
msgstr "すべてのパッケージの入手可能性情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7547
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7550
msgid "the diversions information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set by`dpkg-divert`(8)"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)に用いられ、<literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8)が設定する迂回情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7555
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7558
msgid "the stat override information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set by`dpkg-statoverride`(8)"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)に用いられ、<literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8)が設定する状態の上書き情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7563
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7566
msgid "the status information for all the packages."
msgstr "パッケージに関する情報閲覧する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7571
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7574
msgid "the first-generation backup of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file."
msgstr "\"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\"ファイルの第一世代のバックアップ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7579
msgid "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7582
msgid "the second-generation backup and older ones of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file."
msgstr "\"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\"ファイルの第二世代以前のバックアップ。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7588
msgid "The \"<literal>status</literal>\" file is also used by the tools such as <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), \"<literal>dselect update</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>status</literal>\"ファイルは<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)や\"<literal>dselect update</literal>\"や\"<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"のようなツールによって使われます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7590
msgid "The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search the local copies of \"<literal>status</literal>\" and \"<literal>available</literal>\" meta data."
msgstr "<literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1)という専用の検索コマンドを使うと\"<literal>status</literal>\"と\"<literal>available</literal>\"メタデーターのローカルコピーを検索できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7592
msgid "In <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the debian-installer</ulink> environment, the <literal>udpkg</literal> command is used to open <literal>udeb</literal> packages.  The <literal>udpkg</literal> command is a stripped down version of the <literal>dpkg</literal> command."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">デビアンインストーラー</ulink> 環境下では、<literal>udpkg</literal>コマンドが<literal>udeb</literal>パッケージを開けるのに用いられます。<literal>udpkg</literal>コマンドはストリップダウンされたバージョンの<literal>dpkg</literal>コマンドです。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7595
msgid "The update-alternative command"
msgstr "update-alternativeコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7596
msgid "The Debian system has mechanism to install somewhat overlapping programs peacefully using <literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8).  For example, you can make the <literal>vi</literal> command select to run <literal>vim</literal> while installing both <literal>vim</literal> and <literal>nvi</literal> packages:"
msgstr "Debianシステムには<literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8)を用いて何らかの重畳するプログラムを平和裏にインストールするメカニズムがあります。例えば<literal>vim</literal>と<literal>nvi</literal>の両方のパッケージがインストールされた状況下で<literal>vi</literal>コマンドが<literal>vim</literal>を選択して実行するようにできます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7598
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n"
"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -&gt; /etc/alternatives/vi\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n"
"  Selection    Command\n"
" ----------------------------------------------\n"
"      1        /usr/bin/vim\n"
"*+    2        /usr/bin/nvi\n"
"\n"
"Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7609
msgid "The Debian alternatives system keeps its selection as symlinks in \"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\".  The selection process uses corresponding file in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"."
msgstr "Debianの代替(alternatives)システムは、その選択を\"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\"の中のシムリンクとして保持します。選択プロセスには\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"の中の対応するファイルが使われます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7613
msgid "The dpkg-statoverride command"
msgstr "dpkg-statoverrideコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7614
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Stat overrides</emphasis> provided by the <literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8) command are a way to tell <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) to use a different owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> when a package is installed. If \"<literal>--update</literal>\" is specified and file exists, it is immediately set to the new owner and mode."
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8)コマンドで提供される<emphasis role=\"strong\">状態の上書き</emphasis>は、パッケージをインストールする際に<emphasis role=\"strong\">ファイル</emphasis>に関して異なる所有者やモードを使うよう<literal>dpkg</literal>(1)に指示する方法です。もし\"<literal>--update</literal>\"が指定されファイルが存在すれば、即座に新たな所有者やモードに設定されます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7616
msgid "The direct alteration of owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> owned by the package using <literal>chmod</literal> or <literal>chown</literal> commands by the system administrator will be reset by the next upgrade of the package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7617
msgid "I use the word <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> here, but in reality this can be any filesystem object that <literal>dpkg</literal> handles, including directories, devices, etc."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7620
msgid "The dpkg-divert command"
msgstr "dpkg-divertコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7621
msgid "File <emphasis role=\"strong\">diversions</emphasis> provided by the <literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8) command are a way of forcing <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) not to install a file into its default location, but to a <emphasis role=\"strong\">diverted</emphasis> location.  The use of <literal>dpkg-divert</literal> is meant for the package maintenance scripts.  Its use by the system administrator is deprecated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7626
msgid "Recovery from a broken system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7627
msgid "When running <literal>unstable</literal> system, the administrator is expected to recover from broken package management situation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7629
msgid "Some methods described here are high risk actions.  You have been warned!"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7631
msgid "Incompatibility with old user configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7632
msgid "If a desktop GUI program experienced instability after significant upstream version upgrade, you should suspect interferences with old local configuration files created by it. If it is stable under newly created user account, this hypothesis is confirmed.  (This is a bug of packaging and usually avoided by the packager.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7634
msgid "To recover stability, you should move corresponding local configuration files and restart the GUI program.  You may need to read old configuration file contents to recover configuration information later.  (Do not erase them too quickly.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7638
msgid "Different packages with overlapped files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7639
msgid "Archive level package management systems, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1), will not even try to install packages with overlapped files using package dependencies (see <xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7641
msgid "Errors by the package maintainer or deployment of inconsistently mixed source of archives (see <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) by the system administrator may create situation with incorrectly defined package dependencies. When you install a package with overlapped files using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1) under such situation, <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) which unpacks package ensures to return error to the calling program without overwriting existing files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7643
msgid "The use of third party packages introduces significant system risks via maintainer scripts which are run with root privilege and can do anything to your system.  The <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) command only protects against overwriting by the unpacking."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7644
msgid "You can work around such broken installation by removing the old offending package, <literal>&lt;old-package&gt;</literal>, first:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7646
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7649
msgid "Fixing broken package script"
msgstr "壊れたパッケージスクリプトの修正"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7650
msgid "When a command in the package script returns error for some reason and the script exits with error, the package management system aborts their action and ends up with partially installed packages.  When a package contains bugs in its removal scripts, the package may become impossible to remove and quite nasty."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7652
msgid "For the package script problem of \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", you should look for:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7657
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.preinst</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7662
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\","
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.postinst</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7667
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>\", and"
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>\""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7672
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;パッケージ名&gt;.prerm</literal>\""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7676
msgid "You edit the offending part of the script from the root:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7681
msgid "to prepend with \"<literal>: #</literal>\" or,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7686
msgid "to append with \"<literal>| true</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7690
msgid "Then configures all partially installed packages by:"
msgstr "全ての部分的にインストールされたパッケージを設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7692
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --configure -a"
msgstr "# dpkg --configure -a"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7695
msgid "Rescue using the dpkg command"
msgstr "dpkgコマンドを使っての救済"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7696
msgid "Since <literal>dpkg</literal> is very low level package tool, it can function under the very bad situation such as unbootable system without network connection.  Let's assume <literal>foo</literal> package was broken and needs to be replaced."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7698
msgid "You may still find cached copies of older version of <literal>foo</literal> package in \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives/</literal>\" which is bug free.  (If not, you can download it from archve of <ulink url=\"&httpsnapshotdebiannet;\">http://snapshot.debian.net/</ulink> or copy it from package cache of a functioning machine.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7700
msgid "If you can boot the system, you may install it by:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7702
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7703
msgid "If system breakage is minor, you may alternatively downgrade the whole system as <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/> using the higher level APT system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7704
msgid "If your system is unbootable from harddisk, you should seek other ways to boot it.  For example, you can:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7709
msgid "boot the system using the debian-installer CD in rescue mode,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7714
msgid "mount the unbootable system on the harddisk to \"<literal>/target</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7719
msgid "install older version of <literal>foo</literal> package by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7723
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --root /target -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7724
msgid "This second example works even if the <literal>dpkg</literal> command on the harddisk is broken."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7726
msgid "Any GNU/Linux system started by another system on harddisk, live GNU/Linux CD, bootable USB-key drive, or netboot can be used similarly to rescue broken system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7727
msgid "If attempting to install a package this way fails due to some dependency violations and you really need to do this as the last resort, you can override dependency using <literal>dpkg</literal>'s \"<literal>--ignore-depends</literal>\", \"<literal>--force-depends</literal>\" and other options.  If you do this, you need to make serious effort to restore proper dependency later. See <literal>dpkg</literal>(8) for details."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7729
msgid "When your system is seriously broken, you should make a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) and should perform a clean installation.  This is less time consuming and produces better results in the end."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7732
msgid "Recover package selection data"
msgstr "パッケージセレクションの回復"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7733
msgid "If \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" becomes corrupt for any reason, the Debian system loses package selection data and suffers severely.  Look for the old \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file at \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>\" or \"<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status.*</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7735
msgid "Keeping \"<literal>/var/backups/</literal>\" in a separate partition may be a good idea since this directory contains lots of important system data."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7737
msgid "If everything is gone, I recommend to make fresh re-install after making backup of the system in such serious breakage though. You can still recover some information from directories in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/</literal>\" to guide your new installation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7739
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"... reinstall minimal (desktop) system\n"
"... place old system at /path/to/old/system/\n"
"# cd /path/to/old/system/usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd /usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;&gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd\n"
"# sort ls1.txt | uniq | less"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7747
msgid "Then you will be presented with missing package names.  (There may be some non-package names such as \"<literal>texmf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7752
msgid "Tips for the package management"
msgstr "パッケージ管理のヒント"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7754
msgid "How to pick Debian packages"
msgstr "Debianパッケージの選択方法"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7755
msgid "You can seek packages which satisfy your needs with <literal>aptitude</literal> from the package description or from the list under \"Tasks\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7757
msgid "When you encounter more than 2 similar packages and wonder which one to install without \"trial and error\" efforts, you should use some <emphasis role=\"strong\">common sense</emphasis>.  I consider following points are good indications of preferred packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7762
msgid "essential: yes &gt; no"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7767
msgid "component: main &gt; contrib &gt; non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7772
msgid "priorities: required &gt; important &gt; standard &gt; optional &gt; extra"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7777
msgid "task: package listed in task such as desktop"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7782
msgid "package selected by the dependency package (e.g., <literal>python2.4</literal> by <literal>python</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7787
msgid "popcon: higher in the vote and install number"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7792
msgid "changelog: regular updates by the maintainer"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7797
msgid "BTS: No RC bugs (no critical, no grave, and no serious bugs)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7802
msgid "BTS: responsive maintainer to bug reports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7807
msgid "BTS: higher number of the recently fixed bugs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7812
msgid "BTS: lower number of remaining non-wishlist bugs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7816
msgid "Debian being a volunteer project with distributed development model, its archive contains many packages with different focus and quality.  You must make your own decision what to do with them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7820
msgid "Packages from mixed source of archives"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7821
msgid "Installing packages from mixed source of archives is not supported by the official Debian distribution except for officially supported particular combinations of archives such as <literal>stable</literal> with <ulink url=\"&securityupdates;\">security updates</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&volatileupdates;\">volatile updates</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7822
msgid "Here is an example of operations to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>unstable</literal> while tracking <literal>testing</literal> for single occasion:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7827
msgid "change the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file temporarily to single \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" entry"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7832
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7847
msgid "run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\""
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7837
msgid "run \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>aptitude install &lt;パッケージ名&gt;</literal>\"の実行"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7842
msgid "recover the original \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file for <literal>testing</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7851
msgid "You do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file nor need to worry about apt-pinning with this manual approach.  But this is very cumbersome."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7853
msgid "When using mixed source of archives, you must ensure compatibility of packages by yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it. If package incompatibility exists, you may break system. You must be able to judge these technical requirements. The use of mixed source of random archives is completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you to use."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7854
msgid "General rules for installing packages from different archives are:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7859
msgid "non-binary packages (\"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") are <emphasis role=\"strong\">safer</emphasis> to install."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7864
msgid "documentation packages: no special requirements"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7869
msgid "interpreter program packages: compatible interpreter must be available"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7876
msgid "completely statically linked binary packages are <emphasis role=\"strong\">safe</emphasis> to install."
msgstr "完全に静的にリンクされたバイナリーパッケージのインストールは<emphasis role=\"strong\">安全</emphasis>。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7881
msgid "binary packages (non \"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") usually face many road blocks and <emphasis role=\"strong\">unsafe</emphasis> to install."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7886
msgid "library version compatibility (including \"<literal>libc</literal>\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7891
msgid "related utility program version compatibility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7896
msgid "Kernel <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7901
msgid "C++ <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7906
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9576
msgid "…"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7912
msgid "Except to avoid broken package for a short term, installing binary packages from officially unsupported archives is generally bad idea.  This is true even if you use apt-pinning (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  You should consider chroot or similar techniques (see <xref linkend=\"_chroot_system\"/>) to run programs from different archives."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7915
msgid "Tweaking candidate version"
msgstr "候補バージョンの調整"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7916
msgid "In <literal>lenny</literal>, <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) has a bug for handling \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file. (<ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug#514930</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7917
msgid "Without the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, APT system choses the latest available version as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> using the version string.  This is the normal state and most recommended usage of APT system.  All officially supported combinations of archives do not require the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file since some archives which should not be used as the automatic source of upgrades are marked as <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> and dealt properly."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7919
msgid "The version string comparison rule can be verified with, e.g., \"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions ver1.1 gt ver1.1~1; echo $?</literal>\" (see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1))."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7920
msgid "When you install packages from mixed source of archives (see <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) regularly, you can automate these complicated operations by creating the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file with proper entries and tweaking the package selection rule for <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> as described in <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  This is called <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7922
msgid "Use of apt-pinning by a novice user is sure call for major troubles.  You must avoid using apt-pinning except when you absolutely need it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7923
msgid "When using apt-pinning, you must ensure compatibility of packages by yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it.  The apt-pinning is completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you to use."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7924
msgid "Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with \"suite\" name for <ulink url=\"&normaldebianarchives;\">normal Debian archives</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&securitydebianarchives;\">security Debian archives</ulink>. (This is different from <ulink url=\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink> archives).  For example, you can do \"<literal>Pin: release a=unstable</literal>\" but can not do \"<literal>Pin: release a=sid</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7925
msgid "Even if you do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, you can do fairly complex system operations (see <xref linkend=\"_rescue_using_the_dpkg_command\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) without apt-pinning."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7926
msgid "Here is a simplified explanation of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique.  Each package has its Pin-Priority value based on the entries in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file or the default values."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7929
msgid "List of essential default Pin-Priority values."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7936
msgid "Pin-Priority"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7946
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10259
msgid "990"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7949
msgid "default value for package from the <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> archive"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ターゲットのリリース</emphasis>アーカイブのパッケージのデフォールト値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7954
msgid "500"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7957
msgid "default value for package from the <emphasis role=\"strong\">normal</emphasis> archive"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">通常</emphasis>アーカイブからのパッケージのデフォールト値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7962
msgid "100"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7965
msgid "default value for package from the <emphasis role=\"strong\">installed</emphasis> package"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">インストール済み</emphasis>パッケージのデフォールト値"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7973
msgid "default value for package from the <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>アーカイブからのパッケージのデフォールト値"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7979
msgid "APT system normally choses highest Pin-Priority upgrading package from the available resources defined in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis>.  This version restriction for upgrading is dropped to enable downgrading if the Pin-Priority of package is larger than 1000 (see <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:7981
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> can be set:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ターゲットのリリース</emphasis>は以下のようにして設定できます："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7986
msgid "by \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\", e.g., \"<literal>APT::Default-Release \"stable\";</literal>\" line in it, or"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7991
msgid "by \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option argument, e.g., \"<literal>apt-get install -t testing some-package</literal>\".  The archive level Release file (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) of <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive contains \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7996
msgid "Although cryptic to read, you should test Pin-Priority situation of your \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file using the output of \"<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:7997
msgid "The Pin-Priority values of &lt;package&gt; from multiple sources are shown by the output of \"<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8002
msgid "a line started with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" lists the package version of pin if association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>Package pin: 0.190</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8007
msgid "no line with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" exists if no association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8012
msgid "the Pin-Priority value associated just with &lt;package&gt; is listed right side of all version strings, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 700</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8017
msgid "\"<literal>0</literal>\" is listed right side of all version strings if no association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 0</literal>\", and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8022
msgid "the Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as \"<literal>Package: *</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file) are listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., \"<literal>200 http://backports.org etch-backports/main Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8026
msgid "Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>unstable</literal> regularly upgraded while tracking <literal>testing</literal>.  You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8028
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8031
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8159
msgid "and set the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"を以下のように設定する："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8033
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8040
msgid "When you wish to install a package named \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" with its dependencies from <literal>unstable</literal> archive under this configuration, you issue the following command which switches target release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option (Pin-Priority of <literal>unstable</literal> becomes 990.):"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8042
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8043
msgid "With this configuration, usual execution of \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" for <literal>squeeze</literal>) will upgrade packages which were installed from <literal>testing</literal> archive using current <literal>testing</literal> archive and packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8045
msgid "Be careful not to remove \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry from the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file.  Without \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry in it, APT system will upgrade packages using newer <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8046
msgid "I usually edit the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to comment out \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" archive entry right after above operation.  This avoids slow update process of having too many entries in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file although this prevents upgrading packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8047
msgid "If \"<literal>Pin-Priority: 20</literal>\" is used instead of \"<literal>Pin-Priority: 200</literal>\" for the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, already installed packages having Pin-Priority value of 100 will never be upgraded by <literal>unstable</literal> archive even if \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file is removed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8048
msgid "If you wish to track particular packages in <literal>unstable</literal> automatically without initial \"<literal>-t unstable</literal>\" installation, you must create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and explicitly lists all those packages at the top of it as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8050
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8059
msgid "These will set Pin-Priority value for each specific package.  For example, in order to track the latest <literal>unstable</literal> version of this \"Debian Reference\" in English, you should have following entries in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8061
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: debian-reference-en\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: debian-reference-common\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8068
msgid "This apt-pinning technique is valid even when you are tracking <literal>stable</literal> archive.  Documentation packages have been always safe to install from <literal>unstable</literal> archive in my experience.  (Reminder: This multi-archive tracking is not officially supported by Debian if such archives are non-Debian ones.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8069
msgid "Here is another example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>experimental</literal> while tracking <literal>unstable</literal>.  You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8071
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8074
msgid "The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive is always 1 (\\&lt;\\&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file to use experimental archive unless you wish to track particular packages automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8078
msgid "Volatile and Backports.org"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8079
msgid "There are <ulink url=\"&debianvolatileproject;\">debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8081
msgid "Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits your needs."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8082
msgid "<ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> is a non-Debian archive, although its packages are signed by Debian developers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8083
msgid "Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with \"code\" name for <ulink url=\"&volatiledebianarchives;\">volatile Debian archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For example, you can do \"<literal>Pin: release a=&codename-stable;</literal>\" but can not do \"<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file for volatile Debian archives."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8084
msgid "Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> while tracking <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8086
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ &codename-stable;/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://backports.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8091
msgid "The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> archive and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> are always 1 since they are <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file just to use for <ulink url=\"&backportsorg;\">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages automatically for next upgrading."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8093
msgid "So whenever you wish to install a package named \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" with its dependency from <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> archive, you use following command while switching target release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8095
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t &codename-stable;-backports &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8096
msgid "If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and explicitly lists all packages in it as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8098
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8107
msgid "Alternatively, with the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as:"
msgstr "また、\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"ファイルを以下のようにしてもよい："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8109
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=stable , o=Debian\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-backports, o=Backports.org archive\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=&codename-stable;-sloppy, o=volatile.debian.org\n"
"Pin-Priority: 200"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8124
msgid "execution of \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\" for <literal>squeeze</literal>) will upgrade packages which were installed from <literal>stable</literal> archive using current <literal>stable</literal> archive and packages which were installed from other archives using current corresponding archive for all archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8128
msgid "Automatic download and upgrade of packages"
msgstr "パッケージの自動ダウンロードとアップグレード"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8129
msgid "The <literal>apt</literal> package comes with its own cron script \"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal>\" to support the automatic download of packages.  This script can be enhanced to perform the automatic upgrade of packages by installing the <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> package. These can be customized by parameters in \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02backup</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades</literal>\" as described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/unattended-upgrades/README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8131
msgid "The <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> package is mainly intended for the security upgrade for the <literal>stable</literal> system.  If the risk of breaking an existing <literal>stable</literal> system by the automatic upgrade is smaller than that of the system broken by the intruder using its security hole which has been closed by the security update, you should consider using this automatic upgrade with configuration parameters:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8133
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8136
msgid "If you are running an <literal>unstable</literal> system, you do not want to use the automatic upgrade since it will certainly break system some day.  Even for such <literal>unstable</literal> case, you may still want to download packages in advance to save time for the interactive upgrade with configuration parameters:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8138
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"0\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8143
msgid "Limit download bandwidth for APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8144
msgid "If you want to limit the download bandwidth for APT to e.g. 800Kib/sec (=100kiB/sec), you should configure APT with its configuration parameter with:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8146
#, no-wrap
msgid "APT::Acquire::http::Dl-Limit \"800\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8149
msgid "Emergency downgrading"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8150
msgid "Downgrading is not officially supported by the Debian by design.  It should be done only as a part of emergency recovery process.  Despite of this situation, it is known to work well in many incidents.  For critical systems, You should backup all important data on the system after the recovery operation and re-install the new system from the scratch."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8151
msgid "You may be lucky to downgrade from newer archive to older archive to recover from broken system upgrade by manipulating <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  This is lazy alternative to tedious actions of many \"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;broken-package&gt;_&lt;old-version&gt;.deb</literal>\" commands (see <xref linkend=\"_rescue_using_the_dpkg_command\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8153
msgid "For downgrading system tracking <literal>unstable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal>, change the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file from:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8155
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-unstable; main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8156
msgid "to:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8158
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ &codename-testing; main contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8161
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1010"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8164
msgid "Then run \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" to force downgrading of packages across the system. You should remove this special \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file after the downgrading."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8166
msgid "It is good idea to remove (not purge!) as much packages to minimize dependency problems.  You may need to manually remove and installsome packages to get system downgraded.  Linux kernel, bootloader, udev, PAM, APT, and networking related packages and their configuration files require special attention."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8169
msgid "Who uploaded the package?"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8170
msgid "Although the maintainer name listed in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/package_name/changelog</literal>\" provide some information on \"who is behind the packaging activity\", the actual uploader of the package is somewhat obscure.  <literal>who-uploads</literal>(1) in the <literal>devscripts</literal> package identifies the actual uploader of Debian source packages."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8174
msgid "The equivs package"
msgstr "equivsパケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8175
msgid "If you are to compile a program from source to replace the Debian package, it is best to make it into a real local debianized package (<literal>*.deb</literal>) and use private archive."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8177
msgid "If you chose to compile a program from source and to install them under \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" instead, you may need to use <literal>equivs</literal> as a last resort to satisfy the missing package dependency."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8179
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: equivs\n"
"Priority: extra\n"
"Section: admin\n"
"Description: Circumventing Debian package dependencies\n"
" This is a dummy package which can be used to create Debian\n"
" packages, which only contain dependency information."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8187
msgid "Port a package to the stable system"
msgstr "安定版システムへのパッケージ移植"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8188
msgid "For partial upgrades of the <literal>stable</literal> system, rebuilding a package within its environment using the source package is desirable.  This avoids massive package upgrades due to their dependencies.  First, add the following entries to the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" of a <literal>stable</literal> system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8190
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable  main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8191
msgid "Then get the required packages and the source to be downloaded and compiled by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8193
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# apt-get update\n"
"# apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"# apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"$ apt-get build-dep foo\n"
"$ apt-get source foo\n"
"$ cd foo*"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8202
msgid "adjust package if needed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8206
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31204
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ dch -i"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8210
msgid "bump package version, e.g. one appended with \"<literal>+bp1</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8214
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"# debi foo*.changes"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8219
msgid "Proxy server for APT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8220
msgid "Since mirroring whole subsection of Debian archive wastes disk space and network bandwidth, deployment of a local proxy server for APT is desirable consideration when you administer many systems on <ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>.  APT can be configure to use generic web (http) proxy servers such as <literal>squid</literal> (see <xref linkend=\"_other_network_application_servers\"/>) as described in <literal>apt.conf</literal>(5) and in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/configure-index.gz</literal>\".  The \"<literal>$http_proxy</literal>\" environment variable can be used to override proxy server setting in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8222
msgid "There are proxy tools specially for Debian archive.  You should check BTS before using them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8225
msgid "List of the proxy tools specially for Debian archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8247
msgid "URL links"
msgstr "URLリンク"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8253
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/approx\"> <literal>approx</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8256
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/approx\">&pop-approx;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/approx\">&pop-approx;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8257
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/approx.html\">&size-approx;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8259
msgid "caching proxy server for Debian archive files (compiled <ulink url=\"&ocaml;\">OCaml</ulink> program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8262
msgid "<ulink url=\"&btsforapprox;\">BTS for approx</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&btsforapprox;\">approxに関するBTS</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8266
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-proxy\"> <literal>apt-proxy</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-proxy\"> <literal>apt-proxy</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8269
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-proxy\">&pop-aptproxy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-proxy\">&pop-aptproxy;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8270
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-proxy.html\">&size-aptproxy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-proxy.html\">&size-aptproxy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8272
msgid "Debian archive proxy and partial mirror builder (Python program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8275
msgid "<ulink url=\"&btsforaptproxy;\">BTS for apt-proxy</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&btsforaptproxy;\">apt-proxyに関するBTS</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8279
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher\"> <literal>apt-cacher</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher\"> <literal>apt-cacher</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8282
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher\">&pop-aptcacher;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher\">&pop-aptcacher;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8283
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher.html\">&size-aptcacher;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher.html\">&size-aptcacher;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8285
msgid "Caching proxy for Debian package and source files (Perl program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8288
msgid "<ulink url=\"&btsforaptcacher;\">BTS for apt-cacher</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&btsforaptcacher;\">apt-cacherに関するBTS</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8292
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher-ng\"> <literal>apt-cacher-ng</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-cacher-ng\"> <literal>apt-cacher-ng</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8295
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher-ng\">&pop-aptcacherng;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-cacher-ng\">&pop-aptcacherng;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8296
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher-ng.html\">&size-aptcacherng;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-cacher-ng.html\">&size-aptcacherng;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8298
msgid "aching proxy for distribution of software packages (compiled C++ program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8301
msgid "<ulink url=\"&btsforaptcacherng;\">BTS for apt-cacher-ng</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&btsforaptcacherng;\">apt-cacher-ngに関するBTS</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8305
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debtorrent\"> <literal>debtorrent</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/debtorrent\"> <literal>debtorrent</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8308
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debtorrent\">&pop-debtorrent;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debtorrent\">&pop-debtorrent;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8309
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debtorrent.html\">&size-debtorrent;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/debtorrent.html\">&size-debtorrent;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8311
msgid "bittorrent proxy for downloading Debian packages (Python program)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8314
msgid "<ulink url=\"&btsfordebtorrent;\">BTS for debtorrent</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&btsfordebtorrent;\">debtorrentに関するBTS</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8320
msgid "When Debian reorganizes its archive structure, these specialized proxy tools tend to require code rewrites by the package maintainer and may not be functional for a while.  On the other hand, generic web (http) proxy servers are more robust and easier to cope with such changes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8323
msgid "Small public package archive"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8324
msgid "Here is an example for creating a small public package archive compatible with the modern <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system (see <xref linkend=\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>). Let's assume few things:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8329
msgid "Account name: \"<literal>foo</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8334
msgid "Host name: \"<literal>www.example.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8339
msgid "Required packages: <literal>apt-utils</literal>, <literal>gnupg</literal>, and other packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8344
msgid "URL: \"<literal>http://www.example.com/~foo/</literal>\" displays \"<literal>/home/foo/public_html/index.html</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8349
msgid "Architecture of packages: \"<literal>amd64</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8353
msgid "One time setup of APT archive on your server system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8358
msgid "Create an archive key of Foo Bar on server system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8362
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh foo@www.example.com\n"
"$ gpg --gen-key\n"
"...\n"
"$ gpg -K\n"
"...\n"
"sec   1024D/3A3CB5A6 2008-08-14\n"
"uid                  Foo Bar (ARCHIVE KEY) &lt;foo@www.example.com&gt;\n"
"ssb   2048g/6856F4A7 2008-08-14\n"
"$ gpg --export -a 3A3CB5A6 &gt;foo.public.key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8374
msgid "The archive key of Foo is \"<literal>3A3CB5A6</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8379
msgid "Publish \"<literal>foo.public.key</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8384
msgid "Create an archive tree called \"Origin: Foo\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8388
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ umask 022\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/pool/main\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/source\n"
"$ cd ~/public_html/debian\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/source/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: source\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptftp.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"APT::FTPArchive::Release {\n"
"  Origin \"Foo\";\n"
"  Label \"Foo\";\n"
"  Suite \"unstable\";\n"
"  Codename \"sid\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64\";\n"
"  Components \"main\";\n"
"  Description \"Public archive for Foo\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptgenerate.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"Dir::ArchiveDir \".\";\n"
"Dir::CacheDir \".\";\n"
"TreeDefault::Directory \"pool/\";\n"
"TreeDefault::SrcDirectory \"pool/\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Extensions \".deb\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Compress \". gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Sources::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Contents::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"\n"
"BinDirectory \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\" {\n"
"  Packages \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Packages\";\n"
"  Contents \"dists/unstable/Contents-amd64\";\n"
"  SrcPackages \"dists/unstable/main/source/Sources\";\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"Tree \"dists/unstable\" {\n"
"  Sections \"main\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64 source\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8441
msgid "Repetitive update of APT archive contents on your server system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8446
msgid "Place all package files into \"<literal>~foo/public_html/debian/pool/main/</literal>\" by executing \"<literal>dupload -t foo changes_file</literal>\" in client while having \"<literal>~/.dupload.conf</literal>\" containing:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8450
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$cfg{'foo'} = {\n"
"  fqdn =&gt; \"www.example.com\",\n"
"  method =&gt; \"scpb\",\n"
"  incoming =&gt; \"/home/foo/public_html/debian/pool/main\",\n"
"  # The dinstall on ftp-master sends emails itself\n"
"  dinstall_runs =&gt; 1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"$cfg{'foo'}{postupload}{'changes'} = \"\n"
"  echo 'cd public_html/debian ;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive generate -c=aptftp.conf aptgenerate.conf;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive release -c=aptftp.conf dists/unstable &gt;dists/unstable/Release ;\n"
"  rm -f dists/unstable/Release.gpg ;\n"
"  gpg -u 3A3CB5A6 -bao dists/unstable/Release.gpg dists/unstable/Release'|\n"
"  ssh foo@www.example.com  2&gt;/dev/null ;\n"
"  echo 'Package archive created!'\";"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8466
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">postupload</emphasis> hook script initiated by <literal>dupload</literal>(1) creates updated archive files for each upload."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8468
msgid "You can add this small public archive to the apt-line of your client system:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8470
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo bash\n"
"# echo \"deb http://www.example.com/~foo/debian/ unstable main\" \\\n"
"   &gt;&gt; /etc/apt/sources.list\n"
"# apt-key add foo.public.key"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8474
msgid "If the archive is located on the local file system, you can use \"<literal>deb file:///home/foo/debian/ …</literal>\" instead."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8477
msgid "Record/copy system configuration"
msgstr "システム設定の記録/コピー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8478
msgid "To make a local copy of the package and debconf selection states:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8480
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt; selection.dpkg\n"
"# debconf-get-selections    &gt; selection.debconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8482
msgid "Here, \"<literal>*</literal>\" makes \"<literal>selection.dpkg</literal>\" to include package entries for \"purge\" too."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8484
msgid "You can transfer these 2 files to another computer, and install there with:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8486
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dselect update\n"
"# debconf-set-selections &lt; myselection.debconf\n"
"# dpkg --set-selections  &lt; myselection.dpkg\n"
"# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade    # or dselect install"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8490
msgid "If you are thinking about managing many servers in a cluster with practically the same configuration, you should consider to use specialized package such as <literal>fai</literal> to manage the whole system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8494
msgid "Convert or install an alien binary package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8495
msgid "<literal>alien</literal>(1) enables the conversion of binary packages provided in Red Hat <literal>rpm</literal>, Stampede <literal>slp</literal>, Slackware <literal>tgz</literal>, and Solaris <literal>pkg</literal> file formats into a Debian <literal>deb</literal> package.  If you want to use a package from another Linux distribution than the one you have installed on your system, you can use <literal>alien</literal> to convert it to your preferred package format and install it.  <literal>alien</literal> also supports LSB packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8497
msgid "The original package needs to be statically linked or its library dependency needs to be satisfied manually.  So use this command with great care."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8501
msgid "Extract package without dpkg"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8502
msgid "The current \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" package contents can be extracted without using <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) on any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment using standard <literal>ar</literal>(1) and <literal>tar</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8504
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ar x /path/to/dpkg_&lt;version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb\n"
"# ls\n"
"total 24\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo  1320 2007-05-07 00:11 control.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 12837 2007-05-07 00:11 data.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo     4 2007-05-07 00:11 debian-binary\n"
"# mkdir control\n"
"# mkdir data\n"
"# tar xvzf control.tar.gz -C control\n"
"# tar xvzf data.tar.gz -C data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8514
msgid "You can also browse package content using the <literal>mc</literal> command."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8518
msgid "More readings for the package management"
msgstr "パッケージ管理の追加参考文書"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8519
msgid "You should read:"
msgstr "以下を参照："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8524
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8), <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), <literal>tasksel</literal>(8), <literal>apt-get</literal>(8), <literal>apt-config</literal>(8), <literal>apt-key</literal>(8), <literal>sources.list</literal>(5), <literal>apt.conf</literal>(5), and <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5);"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8529
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/offline.html/index.html</literal>\" from the <literal>apt-doc</literal> package; and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8534
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/index.html</literal>\" from the <literal>aptitude-doc-en</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8538
msgid "The official and detailed secondary information on the Debian archive are given by:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8543
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Policy Manual Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive\"</ulink>,"
msgstr "Debianアーカイブの正式のポリシーは<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debianポリシーマニュアル、第2章 - Debianアーカイブ</ulink>に規定されています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8548
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Developer's Reference, Chapter 4 - Resources for Debian Developers 4.6 The Debian archive\"</ulink>, and"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian 開発者リファレンス、第4章 Debian 開発者が利用可能なリソース 4.6 Debian アーカイブ\"</ulink>と、"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8553
msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ, Chapter 5 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ, Chapter 5 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8557
msgid "The tutorial for building of a Debian package for the common Debian user is given by:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8562
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide\"</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide\"</ulink>."

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8570
msgid "The system initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8571
msgid "It is wise for you as the system administrator to know roughly how the Debian system is started and configured.  Although the exact details are in the source files of the packages installed and their documentations, it is a bit overwhelming for most of us."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8573
msgid "I did my best to provide a quick overview of the key points of the Debian system and their configuration for your reference, based on the current and previous knowledge of mine and others. Since the Debian system is a moving target, the situation over the system may have been changed.  Before making any changes to the system, you should refer to the latest documentation for each package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8576
msgid "An overview of the boot strap process"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8577
msgid "The computer system undergoes several phases of <ulink url=\"&bootstrapprocesses;\">boot strap processes</ulink> from the power-on event until it offers the fully functional operating system (OS) to the user."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8579
msgid "For simplicity, I will limit discussion to the typical PC platform with the default installation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8581
msgid "The typical boot strap process is like a four-stage rocket.  Each stage rocket hands over the system control to the next stage one.  Here each stage corresponds to:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8586
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8610
msgid "Stage 1: the BIOS"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8591
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8640
msgid "Stage 2: the boot loader"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8596
msgid "Stage 3, the mini-Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8601
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8889
msgid "Stage 4: the normal Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8605
msgid "Of course, these can be configured differently.  For example, if you compiled your own kernel, you may be skipping the step with the mini-Debian system.  So please do not assume this is the case for your system until you check it yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8607
msgid "For non-legacy PC platform such as the SUN or the Macintosh system, the BIOS on ROM and the partition on the disk may be quite different (<xref linkend=\"_partition_configuration\"/>).  Please seek the platform specific documentations elsewhere for such a case."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8611
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> is the 1st stage of the boot process which is started by the power-on event. The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> resides on the <ulink url=\"&readonlymemoryrom;\">read only memory (ROM)</ulink> from the particular memory address to which the program counter of CPU is initialized by the power-on event."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8613
msgid "This BIOS performs the basic initialization of the hardware (<ulink url=\"&postpoweronselftest;\">POST: power on self test</ulink>) and hands the system control to the next step which you provide.  The BIOS is usually provided with the hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8615
msgid "The BIOS startup screen usually indicates what key(s) to press to enter the BIOS setup screen to configure the BIOS behavior. Popular keys used are F1, F2, F10, Esc, Ins, and Del. If your BIOS startup screen is hidden by a nice graphics screen, you may press some keys such as Esc to disable this.  These keys are highly dependent on the hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8617
msgid "The hardware location and the priority of the code started by the BIOS can be selected from the BIOS setup screen.  Typically, the first few sectors of the first found selected device (hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, …) are loaded to the memory and this initial code is executed.  This initial code can be:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8622
msgid "the boot loader code,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8627
msgid "the kernel code of the stepping stone OS such as <ulink url=\"&freedos;\">FreeDOS</ulink>, or"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8632
msgid "the kernel code of the target OS if it fits in this small space."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8636
msgid "Typically, the system is booted from the specified partition of the primary hard disk partition. The first sector of the hard disk contain the <ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">master boot record (MBR)</ulink>.  The disk partition information including the boot selection is recorded at the end of this MBR. The first boot loader code executed from the BIOS for the hard disk occupies the rest of this MBR."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8641
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&bootloader;\">boot loader</ulink> is the 2nd stage of the boot process which is started by the BIOS.  It loads the system kernel image and the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> image to the memory and hands control over to them.  This initrd image is the root filesystem image and its support depends on the bootloader used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8643
msgid "The Debian system normally uses the Linux kernel as the default system kernel. The initrd image for the current 2.6 Linux kernel is technically the initramfs (initial RAM filesystem) image. The initramfs image is a gzipped cpio archive of files in the root filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8645
msgid "The default install of the Debian system places first-stage GRUB boot loader code into the <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> for the PC platform. There are many boot loaders and configuration options available."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8648
msgid "List of boot loaders."
msgstr "ブートローダーのリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8659
msgid "bootloader"
msgstr "ブートローダー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8671
msgid "initrd"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8681
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">GRUB Legacy</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">GRUB Legacy</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8683
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub\"> grub </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub\"> grub </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8686
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub\">&pop-grub;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub\">&pop-grub;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8687
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub.html\">&size-grub;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub.html\">&size-grub;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8689
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8705
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8721
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8737
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8753
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8769
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8785
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19599
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19612
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19625
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19638
msgid "Supported"
msgstr "サポート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8692
msgid "This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and file systems such as vfat, ext3, …. (<literal>lenny</literal> default)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8697
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8713
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 2</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8699
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-pc\"> grub-pc </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-pc\"> grub-pc </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8702
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-pc\">&pop-grubpc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-pc\">&pop-grubpc;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8703
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-pc.html\">&size-grubpc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-pc.html\">&size-grubpc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8708
msgid "This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and file systems such as vfat, ext3, …."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8715
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-rescue-pc\"> grub-rescue-pc </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/grub-rescue-pc\"> grub-rescue-pc </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8718
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-rescue-pc\">&pop-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/grub-rescue-pc\">&pop-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8719
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-rescue-pc.html\">&size-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/grub-rescue-pc.html\">&size-grubrescuepc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8724
msgid "This is GRUB 2 bootable rescue images (CD and floppy) (PC/BIOS version)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8729
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8731
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/lilo\"> lilo </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/lilo\"> lilo </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8734
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/lilo\">&pop-lilo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/lilo\">&pop-lilo;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8735
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/lilo.html\">&size-lilo;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/lilo.html\">&size-lilo;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8740
msgid "This relies on the sector locations of data on the hard disk. (Old)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8745
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8747
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8763
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/syslinux\"> syslinux </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/syslinux\"> syslinux </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8750
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8766
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/syslinux\">&pop-syslinux;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/syslinux\">&pop-syslinux;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8751
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8767
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/syslinux.html\">&size-syslinux;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/syslinux.html\">&size-syslinux;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8756
msgid "This understands the ISO9660 file system.  This is used by the boot CD."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8761
msgid "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8772
msgid "This understands the <ulink url=\"&msdosfilesystemfat;\">MSDOS file system (FAT)</ulink>.  This is used by the boot floppy."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8777
msgid "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8779
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/loadlin\"> loadlin </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/loadlin\"> loadlin </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8782
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/loadlin\">&pop-loadlin;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/loadlin\">&pop-loadlin;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8783
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/loadlin.html\">&size-loadlin;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/loadlin.html\">&size-loadlin;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8788
msgid "New system is started from the FreeDOS/MSDOS system."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8793
msgid "<ulink url=\"&neilturtonsmbr;\">Neil Turton's MBR</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&neilturtonsmbr;\">Neil TurtonのMBR</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8795
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mbr\"> mbr </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mbr\"> mbr </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8798
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mbr\">&pop-mbr;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mbr\">&pop-mbr;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8799
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mbr.html\">&size-mbr;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mbr.html\">&size-mbr;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8801
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19586
msgid "Not supported"
msgstr "非サポート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8804
msgid "This is free software which substitutes MSDOS <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink>.  This only understands disk partitions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8810
msgid "Do not play with boot loaders without having bootable rescue media (CD or floppy) created from images in the <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> package.  It will let you boot your system even without functioning bootloader on the harddisk."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8811
msgid "For GRUB Legacy, the menu configuration file is located at \"<literal>/boot/grub/menu.lst</literal>\".  For example, it has entries like:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8813
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"title           Debian GNU/Linux\n"
"root            (hd0,2)\n"
"kernel          /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 ro\n"
"initrd          /initrd.img"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8817
msgid "For GRUB 2, the menu configuration file is located at \"<literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>\". It is automatically generated by \"<literal>/usr/sbin/update-grub</literal>\" using templates from \"<literal>/etc/grub.d/*</literal>\" and settings from \"<literal>/etc/default/grub</literal>\".  For example, it has entries like:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8819
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"menuentry \"Debian GNU/Linux\" {\n"
"        set root=(hd0,3)\n"
"        linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3\n"
"        initrd /initrd.img\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8824
msgid "For these examples, these GRUB parameters mean:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8827
msgid "The meaning of GRUB parameters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8834
msgid "GRUB parameter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8844
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9391
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9394
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9408
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9425
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9428
msgid "<literal>root</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>root</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8847
msgid "Use 3rd partition on boot disk by setting it as \"<literal>(hd0,2)</literal>\" in GRUB legacy or as \"<literal>(hd0,3)</literal>\" in GRUB 2."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8852
msgid "<literal>kernel</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>kernel</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8855
msgid "Use kernel located at \"<literal>/vmlinuz</literal>\" with kernel parameter: \"<literal>root=/dev/hda3 ro</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8860
msgid "<literal>initrd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>initrd</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8863
msgid "Use <ulink url=\"&initrdinitramfs;\">initrd/initramfs</ulink> image located at \"<literal>/initrd.img</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8869
msgid "The value of the partition number used by GRUB legacy program is one less than normal one used by Linux kernel and utility tools.  GRUB 2 program fixes this problem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8870
msgid "<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>) may be used to identify a block special device instead of its file name such as \"<literal>/dev/hda3</literal>\", e.g.\"<literal>root=UUID=81b289d5-4341-4003-9602-e254a17ac232 ro</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8871
msgid "You can start a boot loader from another boot loader using techniques called <ulink url=\"&chainloading;\">chain loading</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8872
msgid "See \"<literal>info grub</literal>\" and <literal>grub-install</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8876
msgid "Stage 3: the mini-Debian system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8877
msgid "The mini-Debian system is the 3rd stage of the boot process which is started by the boot loader.  It runs the system kernel with its root filesystem on the memory. It is an optional preparatory stage of the boot process."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8879
msgid "The term \"the mini-Debian system\" is coined by the author to describe this 3rd stage boot process for this document.  This system is commonly referred as the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> or initramfs system. Similar system on the memory is used by <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the Debian Installer</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8880
msgid "The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script is executed as the first program in this root filesystem on the memory.  It is a shell script program which initializes the kernel in user space and hands control over to the next stage. This mini-Debian system offers flexibility to the boot process such as adding kernel modules before the main boot process or mounting the root file system as an encrypted one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8882
msgid "You can interrupt this part of the boot process to gain root shell by providing \"<literal>break=init</literal>\" etc. to the kernel boot parameter. See the \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script for more break conditions.  This shell environment is sophisticated enough to make a good inspection of your machine's hardware."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8884
msgid "Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down ones and mainly provided by a GNU tool called <literal>busybox</literal>(1)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8886
msgid "You need to use \"<literal>-n</literal>\" option for <literal>mount</literal> command when you are on the readonly root file system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8890
msgid "The normal Debian system is the 4th stage of the boot process which is started by the mini-Debian system.  The system kernel for the mini-Debian system continues to run in this environment. The root filesystem is switched from the one on the memory to the one on the real harddisk filesystem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8892
msgid "The \"<literal>/sbin/init</literal>\" program is executed as the first program and performs the main boot process. The Debian normally uses the traditional sysvinit scheme with the <literal>sysv-rc</literal> package.  See <literal>init</literal>(8), <literal>inittab</literal>(5), and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" for the exact explanation.  Following is a simplified overview of this main boot process:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8897
msgid "The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel N</emphasis> (none) to initialize the system by following the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" description."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8902
msgid "The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel S</emphasis> to initialize the system under the single-user mode to complete hardware initialization etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8907
msgid "The Debian system switches itself to one of the specified <emphasis role=\"strong\">multi-user runlevels (2 to 5)</emphasis> to start the system services."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8911
msgid "The initial runlevel used for multi-user mode is specified with the \"<literal>init=</literal>\" kernel boot parameter or in the \"initdefault\" line of this \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\". The Debian system as installed starts at the <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel 2</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8913
msgid "All scripts executed by the init system are located in the directory \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8915
msgid "For alternative boot mechanism to the <literal>sysv-rc</literal> package using a single configuration file \"<literal>/etc/runlevel.conf</literal>\", see the <literal>file-rc</literal> package. Both mechanisms are compatible through \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rc</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>\", \"<literal>/usr/sbin/update-rc.d</literal>\", and \"<literal>/usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d</literal>\" scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8917
msgid "The meaning of the runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8918
msgid "Each <ulink url=\"&runlevel;\">runlevel</ulink> uses a directory for its configuration and has specific meaning:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8921
msgid "List of runlevels and meanings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8929
msgid "runlevel"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8942
msgid "<literal>N</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8945
msgid "none"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8948
msgid "System bootup (NONE). There is no \"<literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal>\" directory."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8953
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20867
msgid "<literal>0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8956
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc0.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:8959
msgid "Halt the system."
msgstr "システム停止"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8964
msgid "<literal>S</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8967
msgid "<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8970
msgid "Single-user mode on boot. The lower case \"<literal>s</literal>\" can be used as alias."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8975
msgid "<literal>1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8978
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc1.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8981
msgid "Single-user mode switched from multi-user mode."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8986
msgid "<literal>2</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8989
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8992
msgid "Multi-user mode."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:8997
msgid "<literal>3</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9000
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc3.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9003
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9014
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9025
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9058
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9069
msgid ",,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9008
msgid "<literal>4</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9011
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc4.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9019
msgid "<literal>5</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9022
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc5.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9030
msgid "<literal>6</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9033
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc6.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9036
msgid "Reboot the system."
msgstr "システム再起動。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9041
msgid "<literal>7</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9044
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc7.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9047
msgid "Valid multi-user mode but not normally used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9052
msgid "<literal>8</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9055
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc8.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9063
msgid "<literal>9</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9066
msgid "<literal>/etc/rc9.d/</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9075
msgid "You can change the runlevel from the console to, e.g., 4 by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9077
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo telinit 4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9078
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">The Debian system does not pre-assign any special meaning differences among the <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> between 2 and 5.</emphasis> The system administrator on the Debian system may change this.  (I.e., Debian is not <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&solarisbysunmicrosystems;\">Solaris by Sun Microsystems</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&hpuxbyhewlettpackard;\">HP-UX by Hewlett Packard</ulink> nor <ulink url=\"&aixbyibm;\">AIX by IBM</ulink> nor …)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9079
msgid "The Debian system does not populate directories for the <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> between 7 and 9 when the package is installed.  Traditional <ulink url=\"&unixvariants;\">Unix variants</ulink> don’t use these <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9082
msgid "The configuration of the runlevel"
msgstr "runlevelの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9083
msgid "The names of the symlinks in the runlevel directories have the form \"<literal>S&lt;2-digit-number&gt;&lt;original-name&gt;</literal>\" or \"<literal>K&lt;2-digit-number&gt;&lt;original-name&gt;</literal>\". The 2-digit-number is used to determine the order in which to run the scripts. \"<literal>S</literal>\" is for \"Start\" and \"<literal>K</literal>\" is for \"Kill\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9085
msgid "When <literal>init</literal>(8) or <literal>telinit</literal>(8) commands change the runlevel to \"&lt;n&gt;\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9090
msgid "the script names starting with a \"<literal>K</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical order with the single argument \"<literal>stop</literal>\". (killing services)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9095
msgid "the script names starting with an \"<literal>S</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical order with the single argument \"<literal>start</literal>\". (starting services)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9099
msgid "For example, if you had the links \"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" and \"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\" in a runlevel directory, \"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" would run before \"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9101
msgid "It is not advisable to make any changes to symlinks in \"<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>\" unless you know better than the maintainer."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9104
msgid "The runlevel management example"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9105
msgid "For example, let's set up runlevel system somewhat like <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink>, i.e.:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9110
msgid "to start the system in runlevel=3 as the default,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9115
msgid "not to start <literal>gdm</literal>(1) in runlevel=(0,1,2,6), and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9120
msgid "to start <literal>gdm</literal>(1) in runlevel=(3,4,5).  The easy way is to use editor on the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" file to change starting runlevel and use user friendly runlevel management tools such as <literal>sysv-rc-conf</literal> or <literal>bum</literal> to edit the runlevel.  If you are to use command line only, here is how you do it (after the default installation of the <literal>gdm</literal> package and selecting it to be the choice of display manager):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9125
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /etc/rc2.d ; mv S21gdm K21gdm\n"
"# cd /etc ; perl -i -p -e 's/^id:.:/id:3:/' inittab"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9127
msgid "Please note the \"<literal>/etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>\" file is checked when starting the display manager daemons: <literal>xdm</literal>, <literal>gdm</literal>, <literal>kdm</literal>, and <literal>wdm</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9129
msgid "You can still start X from any console shell with the <literal>startx</literal>(1) command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9132
msgid "The default parameter for each init script"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9133
msgid "The default parameter for each init script in \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" is given by the corresponding file in \"<literal>/etc/default/</literal>\" which contains environment variable assignments <emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis>. The choice of directory name is specific to the Debian system.  It is roughly the equivalent of the \"<literal>/etc/sysconfig</literal>\" directory found in <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> and other distributions."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9135
msgid "For example, \"<literal>/etc/default/hotplug</literal>\" can be used to control how \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hotplug</literal>\" works.  The \"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>\" file can be used to customize boot-time defaults for <literal>motd</literal>(5), <literal>sulogin</literal>(8), etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9137
msgid "If you cannot get the behavior you want by changing such variables then you may <ulink url=\"&modifytheinitscripts;\">modify the init scripts</ulink> themselves: they are all configuration files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9141
msgid "The hostname"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9142
msgid "The kernel maintains the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">hostname</emphasis>.  The initscript \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" sets the system hostname at boot time (using the <literal>hostname</literal> command) to the name stored in \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  This file should contain <emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis> the system hostname, not a fully qualified domain name."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9144
msgid "To print out the current hostname run <literal>hostname</literal>(1) without an argument."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9148
msgid "Network interface initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9149
msgid "Network interfaces are initialized under single-user mode on boot by the initscript \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown-clean</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown</literal>\".  See <xref linkend=\"_network_setup\"/> for how to configure them."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9153
msgid "Network service initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9154
msgid "Many network services (see <xref linkend=\"_network_applications\"/>) are started directly as daemon processes at boot time, e.g., \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20exim4</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2) which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9156
msgid "Some network services can be started on demand using the <ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink>, <literal>inetd</literal> (or its equivalents).  The <literal>inetd</literal> is started at boot time by \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2) which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".  Essentially, <literal>inetd</literal> allows one running daemon to invoke several others, reducing load on the system."
msgstr "インターネット<emphasis>スーパーサーバー</emphasis><literal>inetd</literal>は、(RUNLEVEL=2の場合)\"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\"にシムリンクされた\"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\"によってブート時に起動されます。RUNLEVEL=2),whichisasymlinkto\"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".基本的に、<literal>inetd</literal>は一つの実行デーモンによりいくつかの他のデーモンを起動できるようにすることで、システムのロードを下げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9158
msgid "Whenever a request for service arrives, its protocol and service are identified by looking them up in the databases in \"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\".  <literal>inetd</literal> then looks up a normal Internet service in the \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\" database, or a <ulink url=\"&opennetworkcompucalloncrpcsunrpc;\">Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC)/Sun RPC</ulink> based service in \"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"."
msgstr "サービス要求が到達する度に、そのプロトコルとサービスが\"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\"と\"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\"というデーターベースを照覧することで確認されます。さらに<literal>inetd</literal>は、\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"の中にある通常のインターネットサービスか、\"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"の中にある<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>準拠サービスを照覧します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9160
msgid "For system security, make sure to disable unused services in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  Sun-RPC services need to be active for NFS and other RPC-based programs."
msgstr "システムのセキュリティーのために\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"にある不使用のサービスは確実にディスエーブルしましょう。NFS他のRPCを使うプログラムためには<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">SunRPC</ulink>サービスはアクティブにする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9162
msgid "Sometimes, <literal>inetd</literal> does not start the intended server directly but starts the <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink>, <literal>tcpd</literal>, with the intended server name as its argument in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  In this case, <literal>tcpd</literal> runs the appropriate server program after logging the request and doing some additional checks using \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"."
msgstr "時々、<literal>inetd</literal>が対象となるサーバーを直接起動せずに、対象となるサーバーを名を\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"中にアーギュメントとし記載した<ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCPデーモンラッパー</ulink>プログラム<literal>tcpd</literal>(8)を起動することがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9164
msgid "If you have problems with remote access in a recent Debian system, comment out \"ALL: PARANOID\" in \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" if it exists.  (But you must be careful on security risks involved with this kind of action.)"
msgstr "もし最近のDebianシステムでリモートアクセスで問題に会った場合には、\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"中に\"<literal>ALL:PARANOID</literal>\"という文言があるならコメントアウトしましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9166
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10166
msgid "For details, see <literal>inetd</literal>(8), <literal>inetd.conf</literal>(5), <literal>protocols</literal>(5), <literal>services</literal>(5), <literal>tcpd</literal>(8), <literal>hosts_access</literal>(5), and <literal>hosts_options</literal>(5)."
msgstr "詳しいことは、<literal>inetd</literal>(8)と<literal>inetd.conf</literal>(5)と<literal>protocols</literal>(5)と<literal>services</literal>(5)と<literal>tcpd</literal>(8)と<literal>hosts_access</literal>(5)と<literal>hosts_options</literal>(5)を参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9168
msgid "For more information on Sun-RPC, see <literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8), <literal>portmap</literal>(8), and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr "Sun-RPCに関してさらに詳しいことは、<literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8)と<literal>portmap</literal>(8)と\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"を参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9172
msgid "The system message"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9173
msgid "The system message can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/syslog.conf</literal>\" for both the log file and on-screen display. See <literal>syslogd</literal>(8) and <literal>syslog.conf</literal>(5).  See also <xref linkend=\"_log_analyzer\"/>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9177
msgid "The kernel message"
msgstr "カーネルメッセージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9178
msgid "The kernel message can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/init.d/klogd</literal>\" for both the log file and on-screen display.  Set \"<literal>KLOGD='-c 3'</literal>\" in this script and run \"<literal>/etc/init.d/klogd restart</literal>\".  See <literal>klogd</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9180
msgid "You may directly change the error message level by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9182
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dmesg -n3"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9183
msgid "Here:"
msgstr "ここで："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9186
msgid "List of kernel error levels."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9194
msgid "error level value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9197
msgid "error level name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9210
msgid "KERN_EMERG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9213
msgid "system is unusable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9221
msgid "KERN_ALERT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9224
msgid "action must be taken immediately"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9232
msgid "KERN_CRIT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9235
msgid "critical conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9240
msgid "3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9243
msgid "KERN_ERR"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9246
msgid "error conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9251
msgid "4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9254
msgid "KERN_WARNING"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9257
msgid "warning conditions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9262
msgid "5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9265
msgid "KERN_NOTICE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9268
msgid "normal but significant condition"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9273
msgid "6"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9276
msgid "KERN_INFO"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9279
msgid "informational"
msgstr "情報"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9284
msgid "7"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9287
msgid "KERN_DEBUG"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9290
msgid "debug-level messages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9298
msgid "The udev system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9299
msgid "For Linux kernel 2.6, <ulink url=\"&theudevsystem;\">the udev system</ulink> provides mechanism for the automatic hardware discovery and initialization (see <literal>udev</literal>(7)). Upon discovery of each device by the kernel, the udev system starts a user process which uses information from the <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> filesystem (see <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>), loads required kernel modules supporting it using the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>), and creates corresponding device nodes."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9301
msgid "If \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;kernel-version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" was not generated properly by <literal>depmod</literal>(8) for some reason, modules may not be loaded as expected by the udev system. Execute \"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" to fix it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9302
msgid "The name of device nodes can be configured by files in \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/</literal>\" (see \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/udev/writing_udev_rules/index.html</literal>\")."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9304
msgid "Since the udev system is somewhat a moving target, I leave details to other documentations and describe the minimum information here."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9308
msgid "The kernel module initialization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9309
msgid "The <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program enables us to configure running Linux kernel from user process by adding and removing kernel modules.  The udev system (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>) automates its invocation to help the kernel module initialization."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9311
msgid "Non-hardware modules and special hardware driver modules, such as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9316
msgid "<ulink url=\"&tuntap;\">TUN/TAP</ulink> modules providing virtual Point-to-Point network device (TUN) and virtual Ethernet network device (TAP),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9321
msgid "<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> modules providing netfilter firewall capabilities (<literal>iptables</literal>(8), <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9326
msgid "<ulink url=\"&watchdogtimer;\">watchdog timer</ulink> driver modules need to be pre-loaded by listing them in the \"<literal>/etc/modules</literal>\" file (see <literal>modules</literal>(5))."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9331
msgid "The configuration files for the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program are located under the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/</literal>\" directory as explained in <literal>modprobe.conf</literal>(5).  (If you want to avoid some kernel modules to be auto-loaded, consider to blacklist them in the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/blacklist</literal>\" file.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9333
msgid "The \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" file generated by the <literal>depmod</literal>(8) program describes module dependencies used by the <literal>modprobe</literal>(8) program."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9335
msgid "If you experience module loading issues with boot time module loading or with <literal>modprobe</literal>(8), \"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" may resolve these issues by reconstructing \"<literal>modules.dep</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9336
msgid "The <literal>modinfo</literal>(8) program shows information about a Linux Kernel module."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9338
msgid "The <literal>lsmod</literal>(8) program nicely formats the contents of the \"<literal>/proc/modules</literal>\", showing what kernel modules are currently loaded."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9340
msgid "You can identify exact hardware on your system.  See <xref linkend=\"_hardware_identification\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9341
msgid "You may configure hardware at boot time to activate expected hardware features. See <xref linkend=\"_hardware_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9342
msgid "You can add support for your device by recompiling kernel.  See <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9347
msgid "Authentication"
msgstr "認証"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9348
msgid "When a person (or a program) requests access to the system, authentication confirms the identity to be a trusted one."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9350
msgid "Configuration errors of PAM may lock you out of your own system.  You must have a rescue CD handy or setup an alternative boot partition.  To recover, boot the system with them and correct things from there."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9352
msgid "Normal Unix authentication"
msgstr "通常のUnix認証"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9353
msgid "Normal Unix authentication is provided by the <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8) module under the <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink>. Its 3 important configuration files, with \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entries, are:"
msgstr "通常のUnix認証は<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM(プラグ可能な認証モジュール)</ulink>のもとで<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>(8)モジュールによって提供される。\"<literal>:</literal>\"で分離されたエントリーを持つその3つの重要なコンフィギュレーションファイルは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9356
msgid "3 important configuration files for <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)."
msgstr "3つの<literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)に関する重要なコンフィギュレーションファイル。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9369
msgid "permission"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9372
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16675
msgid "user"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9385
msgid "<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9397
msgid "The (sanitized) user account information."
msgstr "(浄化された)ユーザアカウント情報。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9402
msgid "<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9405
msgid "<literal>-rw-r-----</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9411
msgid "<literal>shadow</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9414
msgid "The secure user account information."
msgstr "保護されたユーザアカウント情報。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9419
msgid "<literal>/etc/group</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9431
msgid "The group information."
msgstr "グループ情報。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9437
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" contains:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" ファイルの内容は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9439
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"user1:x:1000:1000:User1 Name,,,:/home/user1:/bin/bash\n"
"user2:x:1001:1001:User2 Name,,,:/home/user2:/bin/bash\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9443
msgid "As explained in <literal>passwd</literal>(5), each \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entry of this file means:"
msgstr "<literal>passwd</literal>(5) に説明されているように、このファイルの \"<literal>:</literal>\" で分離されたエントリーそれぞれは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9448
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9546
msgid "login name"
msgstr "ログイン名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9453
msgid "password specification entry"
msgstr "パスワード規定エントリー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9458
msgid "numerical user ID"
msgstr "数値のユーザーID"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9463
msgid "numerical group ID"
msgstr "数値のグループID"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9468
msgid "user name or comment field"
msgstr "ユーザー名とコメント領域"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9473
msgid "user home directory"
msgstr "ユーザーのホームディレクトリー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9478
msgid "optional user command interpreter"
msgstr "オプショナルなユーザーのコマンドインタープリター"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9482
msgid "The second entry of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" was used for the encrypted password entry.  After the introduction of \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\", this entry is used for the password specification entry."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"の2番目のエントリーは暗号化したパスワードのエントリーとして使われていました。\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"が導入された後は、このエントリーはパスワード規定エントリーとして使われています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9485
msgid "The second entry content of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"."
msgstr "\"/etc/passwd\"の2番目のエントリーの内容。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9502
msgid "(empty)"
msgstr "(空白)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9505
msgid "passwordless account"
msgstr "パスワード無しアカウント"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9510
msgid "x"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9513
msgid "the encrypted password is in \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\""
msgstr "暗号化したパスワードは\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"ファイルの中にある。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9518
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9521
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9529
msgid "no login for this account"
msgstr "このアカウントへのログイン不可"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9526
msgid "!"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9535
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" contains:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" ファイルの内容は:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9537
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"user1:$1$Xop0FYH9$IfxyQwBe9b8tiyIkt2P4F/:13262:0:99999:7:::\n"
"user2:$1$vXGZLVbS$ElyErNf/agUDsm1DehJMS/:13261:0:99999:7:::\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9541
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9585
msgid "As explained in <literal>shadow</literal>(5), each \"<literal>:</literal>\" separated entry of this file means:"
msgstr "<literal>shadow</literal>(5)で説明されているように、このファイルの\"<literal>:</literal>\"で分離されたエントリーそれぞれは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9551
msgid "encrypted password.  The initial \"<literal>$1$</literal>\" indicates use of the MD5 encryption. The \"*\" indicates no login."
msgstr "暗号化されたパスワード。最初が\"<literal>$1$</literal>\"で始まっているのはMD5暗号化が使われていることを示します。\"*\"はログイン不可を示します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9556
msgid "days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed"
msgstr "1970年1月1日から、最後にパスワードが変更された日までの日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9561
msgid "days before password may be changed"
msgstr "パスワードが変更可能となるまでの日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9566
msgid "days after which password must be changed"
msgstr "パスワードを変更しなくてはならなくなる日までの日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9571
msgid "days before password is to expire that user is warned"
msgstr "パスワード有効期限が来る前に、ユーザが警告を受ける日数"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9580
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" contains:"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\"のファイル内容は："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9582
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"group1:x:20:user1,user2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9590
msgid "group name"
msgstr "グループ名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9595
msgid "encrypted password (not really used)"
msgstr "暗号化されたパスワード(実際は使われていない)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9600
msgid "numerical group ID."
msgstr "数値のグループID。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9605
msgid "\",\" separated list of user names."
msgstr "\",\" で分離されたユーザー名のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9609
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>\" provides the similar function as \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" for \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" but is not really used."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>\"ファイルは\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"ファイルが\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\"ファイルに対する機能と同様の機能がありますが、実際には使われていません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9611
msgid "The actual group membership of a user may be dynamically added if \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line is added to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and set it in \"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  See <literal>pam_group</literal>(8)."
msgstr "もし\"<literal>authoptionalpam_group.so</literal>\"行が\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"に書き加えれ、\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\"に対応する設定がされていれば、実際のユーザーのグループメンバーシップは動的に割り当てられます。<literal>pam_group</literal>(8)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9612
msgid "The <literal>base-passwd</literal> package contains an authoritative list of the user and the group: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>base-passwd</literal> パッケージはユーザーとグループに関する権威のあるリストが含まれます: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9615
msgid "Manage account and password information"
msgstr "アカウントとパスワードの情報管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9616
msgid "Here are few notable commands to manage account information:"
msgstr "アカウント情報管理のための重要コマンド："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9619
msgid "List of commands to manage account information."
msgstr "アカウント情報管理のためのコマンドリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9629
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9739
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9950
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10711
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11627
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11721
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11794
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13909
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14113
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14212
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15171
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15496
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20024
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20764
#: debian-reference.en.xml:20852
#: debian-reference.en.xml:22886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24542
#: debian-reference.en.xml:25673
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26877
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27273
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27369
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27559
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27945
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28056
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28157
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28333
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28556
#: debian-reference.en.xml:28842
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29015
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29104
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29236
#: debian-reference.en.xml:29852
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30845
msgid "function"
msgstr "機能"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9636
msgid "<literal>getent passwd &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9639
msgid "browse account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9644
msgid "<literal>getent shadow &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9647
msgid "browse shadowed account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9652
msgid "<literal>getent group &lt;group_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9655
msgid "browse group information of \"<literal>&lt;group_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9660
msgid "<literal>passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9663
msgid "manage password for the account"
msgstr "アカウントのパスワード管理"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9668
msgid "<literal>passwd -e</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9671
msgid "set one-time password for the account activation"
msgstr "アカウント開設のための一回だけ使えるパスワードの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9676
msgid "<literal>chage</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9679
msgid "manage password aging information"
msgstr "パスワードのエージング情報管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9685
msgid "You may need to have the root privilege for some functions to work. See <literal>crypt</literal>(3) for the password and data encryption."
msgstr "一部機能が機能するにはroot権限が必要な場合があります。パスワードとデーターの暗号化は<literal>crypt</literal>(3)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9687
msgid "On the system set up with PAM and NSS as the Debian <ulink url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</ulink> machine, the content of local \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" may not be actively used by the system.  Above commands are valid even under such environment."
msgstr " Debianが提供する<ulink url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</ulink>機器と同様なPAMとNSSの設定をされたシステム上では、ローカルの\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"や\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\"や\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\"の内容がシステムにアクティブに利用されていないことがあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9690
msgid "Good password"
msgstr "良好なパスワード"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9691
msgid "When creating an account during your system installation or with the <literal>passwd</literal>(1) command, you should choose a <ulink url=\"&goodpassword;\">good password</ulink> which consists of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets according to <literal>passwd</literal>(1):"
msgstr "システムインストール時や<literal>passwd</literal>(1)コマンドによってアカウント作成する際に以下に記すようなセットからなる6から8文字の<ulink url=\"&goodpassword;\">良好なパスワード</ulink>を<literal>passwd</literal>(1)によると選択するべきです:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9696
msgid "lower case alphabetics"
msgstr "小文字のアルファベット"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9701
msgid "digits 0 through 9"
msgstr "数字の0から9"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9706
msgid "punctuation marks"
msgstr "句読点"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9710
msgid "Do not chose guessable words for the password."
msgstr "想像できるような単語はパスワードに選択禁止。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9713
msgid "Creating encrypted password"
msgstr "暗号化されたパスワード作成"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9714
msgid "There are independent tools to generate encrypted password with salt:"
msgstr "ソルトを使って暗号化されたパスワードを生成する独立のツールとして以下があります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9717
msgid "List of tools to generate password."
msgstr "パスワード生成ツールのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9745
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/whois\"> <literal>whois</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9748
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/whois\">&pop-whois;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/whois\">&pop-whois;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9749
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/whois.html\">&size-whois;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9751
msgid "<literal>mkpasswd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9754
msgid "over-featured front end to the <literal>crypt</literal>(3) library"
msgstr "<literal>crypt</literal>(3)ライブラリーの充実しすぎたフロントエンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9758
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24618
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/openssl\"> <literal>openssl</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9761
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24621
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/openssl\">&pop-openssl;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9762
#: debian-reference.en.xml:24622
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/o/openssl.html\">&size-openssl;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9764
msgid "<literal>openssl passwd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9767
msgid "compute password hashes (OpenSSL). <literal>passwd</literal>(1ssl)"
msgstr "パスワードハッシュの計算(OpenSSL)。<literal>passwd</literal>(1ssl)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9775
msgid "PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAM と NSS"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9776
msgid "Modern <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> systems such as the Debian system provide <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism to the local system administrator to configure his system.  The role of these can be summarizes as:"
msgstr "Debianシステムのような最新の<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix的</ulink>システムは<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM(差し替え可能な認証モジュール:PluggableAuthenticationModules)</ulink>と<ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS(ネームサービススイッチ:NameServiceSwitch)</ulink>メカニズムをローカルのシステム管理者がそのシステム管理用に提供します。それらの役割をまとめると次の様になります:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9781
msgid "PAM offers a flexible authentication mechanism used by the application software thus involves password data exchange."
msgstr "PAM は、アプリケーションソフトウエアーが使う柔軟な認証メカニズムを提供し、パスワードデーターの交換に関与します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9786
msgid "NSS offers a flexible name service mechanism which is frequently used by the <ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C standard library</ulink> to obtain the user and group name for programs such as <literal>ls</literal>(1) and <literal>id</literal>(1)."
msgstr "NSSは、<literal>ls</literal>(1)and<literal>id</literal>(1)等のプログラムがユーザーやグループの名前を得ために<ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C標準ライブラリー</ulink>経由で頻用する柔軟なネームサービスメカニズムを提供します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9790
msgid "These PAM and NSS systems need to be configured consistently."
msgstr "これらのPAMとNSSシステムは一貫した設定が必要です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9792
msgid "The notable packages of PAM and NSS systems are:"
msgstr "PAMとNSSシステムに関する注目のパケージは:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9795
msgid "List of notable PAM and NSS systems."
msgstr "注目すべきPAMとNSSシステムのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9819
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-modules\"> <literal>libpam-modules</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9822
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-modules\">&pop-libpammodules;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9823
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-modules.html\">&size-libpammodules;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9825
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (basic service)"
msgstr "差し替え可能な認証モジュール(基本サービス)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9829
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-ldap\"> <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9832
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-ldap\">&pop-libpamldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9833
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-ldap.html\">&size-libpamldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9835
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr "LDAPインターフェースを可能にする差し替え可能な認証モジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9839
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-cracklib\"> <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9842
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-cracklib\">&pop-libpamcracklib;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9843
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-cracklib.html\">&size-libpamcracklib;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9845
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module to enable cracklib support"
msgstr "cracklibのサポートを可能にする差し替え可能な認証モジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9849
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-doc\"> <literal>libpam-doc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9852
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-doc\">&pop-libpamdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9853
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-doc.html\">&size-libpamdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9855
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (documentation in html and text)"
msgstr "差し替え可能な認証モジュール(htmlとtextのドキュメンテーション)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9859
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26883
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30070
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libc6\"> <literal>libc6</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9862
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26886
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30073
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libc6\">&pop-libcg;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libc6\">&pop-libcg;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9863
#: debian-reference.en.xml:26887
#: debian-reference.en.xml:30074
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libc/libc6.html\">&size-libcg;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9865
msgid "GNU C Library: Shared libraries which also provides \"Name Service Switch\" service"
msgstr "GNU Cライブラリー: \"ネームサービススイッチ\"も提供する共有ライブラリー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9869
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/glibc-doc\"> <literal>glibc-doc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9872
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/glibc-doc\">&pop-glibcdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9873
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc-doc.html\">&size-glibcdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9875
msgid "GNU C Library: Manpages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9879
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/glibc-doc-reference\"> <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9882
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/glibc-doc-reference\">&pop-glibcdocreference;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9883
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc-doc-reference.html\">&size-glibcdocreference;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9885
msgid "GNU C Library: Reference manual in info, pdf and html format (non-free)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9889
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libnss-mdns\"> <literal>libnss-mdns</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9892
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libnss-mdns\">&pop-libnssmdns;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9893
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libn/libnss-mdns.html\">&size-libnssmdns;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9895
msgid "NSS module for Multicast DNS name resolution"
msgstr "マルチキャストDNSを使った名前解決のためのNSSモジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9899
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libnss-ldap\"> <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9902
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libnss-ldap\">&pop-libnssldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9903
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libn/libnss-ldap.html\">&size-libnssldap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9905
msgid "NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service"
msgstr "LDAPをネームサービスとして使うNSSモジュール"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9909
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libnss-ldapd\"> <literal>libnss-ldapd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9912
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libnss-ldapd\">&pop-libnssldapd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9913
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libn/libnss-ldapd.html\">&size-libnssldapd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9915
msgid "NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service (new folk of <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>)"
msgstr "LDAPをネームサービスとして使うNSSモジュール(<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>の新たなフォーク)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9924
msgid "\"The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide\" in <literal>libpam-doc</literal> is essential for learning PAM configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9929
msgid "\"System Databases and Name Service Switch\" section in <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> is essential for learning NSS configuration."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9933
msgid "You can see more extensive and current list by \"<literal>aptitude search 'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>\" command.  The acronym NSS may also mean \"Network Security Service\" which is different from \"Name Service Switch\"."
msgstr "より大規模かつ最新のリストは\"<literal>aptitudesearch'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>\"コマンドを実行すると得られます。NSSという頭字語は \"ネームサービススイッチ:NameServiceSwitch\"と異なる\"ネットワークセキュリティーサービス:NetworkSecurityService\"を指すこともあります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9934
msgid "PAM is the most basic way to initialize environment variables for each program with the system wide default value."
msgstr "PAMは個別プログラムに関する環境変数をシステム全体のデフォールト値に初期化する最も基本的な手段です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9936
msgid "Configuration files accessed by the PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAMとNSSによってアクセスされるコンフィギュレーションファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9937
msgid "Here are few notable configuration files accessed by the PAM:"
msgstr "PAM がアクセスする注目すべきコンフィギュレーションファイル："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9940
msgid "List of configuration files accessed by the PAM."
msgstr "PAMがアクセスするコンフィギュレーションファイルのリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9947
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15493
msgid "configuration file"
msgstr "設定ファイル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9957
msgid "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;プログラム名&gt;</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9960
msgid "set up PAM configuration for the \"<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\" program. See <literal>pam</literal>(7) and <literal>pam.d</literal>(5)."
msgstr "\"<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\"に関するPAMコンフィギュレーションの設定。<literal>pam</literal>(7)と<literal>pam.d</literal>(5)参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9965
msgid "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9968
msgid "set up NSS configuration with the entry for each service. See <literal>nsswitch.conf</literal>(5)."
msgstr "各サービスに関するエントリーによるNSSコンフィギュレーションの設定。<literal>nsswitch.conf</literal>(5)参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9973
msgid "<literal>/etc/nologin</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9976
msgid "limit the user login by the <literal>pam_nologin</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "ユーザーのログイン制限のために<literal>pam_nologin</literal>(8)モジュールがアクセス。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9981
msgid "<literal>/etc/securetty</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9984
msgid "limit the tty for the root access by the <literal>pam_securetty</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_securetty</literal>(8)モジュールによりrootアクセスに使うttyを制限する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9989
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/access.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:9992
msgid "set access limit by the <literal>pam_access</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_access</literal>(8)モジュールによりアクセス制限を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:9997
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10000
msgid "set group based restraint by the <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_group</literal>(8)モジュールによりグループに基づく制約を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10005
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10008
msgid "set environment variables by the <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_env</literal>(8)モジュールにより環境変数を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10013
msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10016
msgid "set additional environment variables by the <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module with the \"<literal>readenv=1</literal>\" argument."
msgstr "\"<literal>readenv=1</literal>\"アーギュメントを付きの<literal>pam_env</literal>(8)モジュールによって追加での環境変数を設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10021
msgid "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10024
msgid "set locale by <literal>pam_env</literal>(8) module with the \"<literal>readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>\" argument. (Debian)"
msgstr "\"<literal>readenv=1envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>\"アーギュメントを付きの<literal>pam_env</literal>(8)モジュールによって追加でロケールを設定する。(Debian)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10029
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/limits.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10032
msgid "set resource restraint (ulimit, core, …) by the <literal>pam_linits</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_linits</literal>(8)モジュールによってリソース制限(ulimit, core, …)を設定する。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10037
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/time.conf</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10040
msgid "set time restraint by the <literal>pam_time</literal>(8) module."
msgstr "<literal>pam_time</literal>(8)モジュールによって時間制限を設定する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10046
msgid "The limitation of the password selection is implemented by the PAM modules, <literal>pam_unix</literal>(8) and <literal>pam_cracklib</literal>(8). They can be configured by their arguments."
msgstr "パスワード選択の制限は<literal>pam_unix</literal>(8)と<literal>pam_cracklib</literal>(8)モジュールで実装されています。それらはアーギュメントを使って設定します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10048
msgid "PAM modules use suffix \"<literal>.so</literal>\" for their filenames."
msgstr "PAMモジュールはファイル名のサフィックスとして\"<literal>.so</literal>\"を使います。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10051
msgid "The modern centralized system management"
msgstr "最新の集中システム管理"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10052
msgid "The modern centralized system management can be deployed using the centralized <ulink url=\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</ulink> server to administer many Unix-like and non-Unix-like systems on the network.  The open source implementation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is <ulink url=\"&openldapsoftware;\">OpenLDAP Software</ulink>."
msgstr "集中化された<ulink url=\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">軽量ディレクトリアクセスプロトコル(LDAP)</ulink>を採用することで多くのネットワーク上のUnix的や非Unix的システムを最新の集中システム管理が実現できます。軽量ディレクトリアクセスプロトコルのオープンソース実装は<ulink url=\"&openldapsoftware;\">OpenLDAPソフトウエア</ulink>です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10054
msgid "The LDAP server provides the account information through the use of PAM and NSS with <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> packages for the Debian system. Several actions are required to enable this (I have not used this setup and the following is purely secondary information.  Please read this in this context.):"
msgstr "LDAPサーバーは、<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>と<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>パッケージで提供されるPAMとNSSを使うことでDebianシステムにアカウント情報を提供します。この実現ためにはいくつかの設定が必要です(著者は本設定を使っていないため、本情報は完全に二次情報です。ご理解の上お読みください。)："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10059
msgid "You set up a centralized LDAP server by running program such as stand-alone LDAP daemon, <literal>slapd</literal>(8)."
msgstr "スタンドアローンのLDAPデーモンである<literal>slapd</literal>(8)等のプログラムを走らせることで集中化されたLDAPサーバーを設置する。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10064
msgid "You change the PAM configuration files in the \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/</literal>\" directory to use \"<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>\" instead of the default \"<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>\"."
msgstr "デフォルトの\"<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>\"に代えて\"<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>\"を使うには\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/</literal>\"ディレクトリ中のPAMコンフィギュレーションファイルを変更します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10069
msgid "You change the NSS configuration in the \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file to use \"<literal>ldap</literal>\" instead of the default (\"<literal>compat</literal>\" or \"<literal>file</literal>\")."
msgstr "デフォルト(\"<literal>compat</literal>\"または\"<literal>file</literal>\")に代えて\"<literal>ldap</literal>\"を使うには\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\"ファイル中のNSS設定を変更します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10074
msgid "Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\" as the configuration file for <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\" as the file to store the password of the root."
msgstr "Debianでは、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\"を<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>の設定ファイル、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\"をrootのパスワードを保存するファイルとして使っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10079
msgid "Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>\" as the configuration file for <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>."
msgstr "Debianでは、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\"を<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>の設定ファイル、\"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>\"をrootのパスワードを保存するファイルとして使っています。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10084
msgid "You must make <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> to use <ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection for the security of password."
msgstr "パスワードのセキュリティー確保のために<literal>libpam-ldap</literal>が<ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL(もしくはTLS)</ulink>接続を使うよう設定しなければいけません。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10089
msgid "You may make <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> to use <ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection to ensure integrity of data at the cost of the LDAP network overhead."
msgstr "LDAPのネットワークオバーヘッドの犠牲はあるとはいえ、データーの整合性確保のために<literal>libnss-ldap</literal>が<ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SSL(もしくはTLS)</ulink>接続を使うように設定できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10094
msgid "You should run <literal>nscd</literal>(8) locally to cache any LDAP search results in order to reduce the LDAP network traffic."
msgstr "LDAP のネットワークトラフィックを減少させるためにLDAPサーチ結果を一時保持するための<literal>nscd</literal>(8)をローカルで走らせるべきです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10098
msgid "See documentations in <literal>pam_ldap.conf</literal>(5) and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/libpam-doc/html/</literal>\" offered by the <literal>libpam-doc</literal> package and \"<literal>info libc 'Name Service Switch'</literal>\" offered by the <literal>glibc-doc</literal> package."
msgstr "<literal>libpam-doc</literal>パケージで提供される<literal>pam_ldap.conf</literal>(5)や\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/libpam-doc/html/</literal>\"や<literal>glibc-doc</literal>パケージで提供される\"<literal>infolibc'NameServiceSwitch'</literal>\"といった文書を参照下さい。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10100
msgid "Similarly, you can set up alternative centralized systems with:"
msgstr "同様に、これに代わる集中化されたシステムは以下を使っても設定できます:"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10105
msgid "<ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;\">NIS (originally called YP)</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&nisplus;\">NIS+</ulink> with older Unix-like systems."
msgstr "古いUnux的システムとともに<ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;\">NIS (originally called YP)</ulink>または<ulink url=\"&nisplus;\">NIS+</ulink>。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10110
msgid "Winbind with Windows NT and <ulink url=\"&samba;\">SAMBA</ulink>."
msgstr "Windows NTや<ulink url=\"&samba;\">SAMBA</ulink>とともにWinbind。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10116
msgid "\"Why GNU su does not support the wheel group\""
msgstr "「どうしてGNUのsuはwheelグループをサポートしないのか」"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10117
msgid "This is the famous phrase at the bottom of the old \"<literal>info su</literal>\" page by Richard M. Stallman.  Not to worry: the current <literal>su</literal> command in Debian uses PAM, so that one can restrict the ability to use <literal>su</literal> to the <literal>root</literal> group by enabling the line with \"<literal>pam_wheel.so</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>\"."
msgstr "これはRichard M. Stallmanが書いた昔の\"<literal>info su</literal>\"の最後に書かれていた有名な文言です。ご心配は無用です。現在Debianにある<literal>su</literal>はPAMを使っているので\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>\"の中の\"<literal>pam_wheel.so</literal>\"の行をエネーブルすることで<literal>su</literal>を使えるのを<literal>root</literal>グループに限定できます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10121
msgid "Stricter password rule"
msgstr "パスワード規則強化"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10122
msgid "Installing the <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> package will enable you to force stricter password rule, for example, by having active lines in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\" as:"
msgstr "<literal>libpam-cracklib</literal>パッケージをインストールすると、例えば\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\"に以下のような行があれば、パスワード規則を強化できます："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10124
msgid "For <literal>lenny</literal>:"
msgstr "<literal>lenny</literal>の場合："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10126
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password required pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10128
msgid "For <literal>squeeze</literal>:"
msgstr "<literal>squeeze</literal>の場合："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10130
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5\n"
"password requisite pam_deny.so\n"
"password required pam_permit.so"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10137
msgid "Other access controls"
msgstr "他のアクセスコントロール"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10138
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq\"/> for restricting the kernel <ulink url=\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">secure attention key (SAK)</ulink> feature."
msgstr "カーネルの<ulink url=\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">セキューアーアテンションキー(SAK)</ulink>フィーチャーの制限は<xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq\"/>を参照。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10140
msgid "sudo"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10141
msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>(8) is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root privileges to users and log root activity. <literal>sudo</literal> requires only an ordinary user's password.  Install <literal>sudo</literal> package and activate it by setting options in \"<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>\".  See configuration example at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/sudoers</literal>\"."
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>はシステム管理者がユーザーに制限付きのroot権限を与え、そのroot活動を記録するように設計されたプログラムです。<literal>sudo</literal>はユーザーの通常パスワードだけが必要です。<literal>sudo</literal>パッケージをインストールし、\"<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>\"の中のオプションを設定することによりアクティベートしてください。\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/sudoers</literal>のコンフィギュレーション例を参照ください。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10143
msgid "My usage of <literal>sudo</literal> for the single user system (see <xref linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>) is aimed to protect myself from my own stupidity. Personally, I consider using <literal>sudo</literal> a better alternative to using the system from the root account all the time.  For example, following will change the owner of \"<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</literal>\" to \"<literal>&lt;my_name&gt;</literal>\":"
msgstr "単一ユーザーシステムにおける私の<literal>sudo</literal>の使い方(see<xref linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>)は自分自身の失敗からの防衛を目指しています。<literal>sudo</literal>を使うことは、常にrootアカウントからシステムを使うよりは良い方法だと個人的には考えます。例えば、以下は\"<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</literal>\"の所有者を\"<literal>&lt;my_name&gt;</literal>\"に変更します:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10145
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo chown &lt;my_name&gt; &lt;some_file&gt;"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10146
msgid "Of course if you know the root password (as self-installed Debian users do), any command can be run under root from any user's account using \"<literal>su -c</literal>\"."
msgstr "rootのパスワード(自分でシステムインストールをしたDebianユーザーなら当然知っています)を知っていれば、どのユーザーアカウントからいかなるコマンドも\"<literal>su -c</literal>\"とすればrootもとで実行できます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10150
msgid "SELinux"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10151
msgid "<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux)</ulink> is a framework to tighten privilege model tighter than the ordinary Unix-like security model with the <ulink url=\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">mandatory access control (MAC)</ulink> policies.  The root power may be restricted under some conditions."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">セキュリティー強化したLinux(SELinux)</ulink>は<ulink url=\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">強制アクセス制御(MAC)</ulink>ポリシーのある通常のUnix的な権限モデルより厳格な枠組みです。ある条件下ではrootの権限すら制限を受けます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10155
msgid "Restricting access to some server services"
msgstr "サーバーのサービスへのアクセスの制限"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10156
msgid "The Internet <emphasis>super-server</emphasis>, <literal>inetd</literal>(8), is started at boot time by \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2), which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".  Essentially, <literal>inetd</literal> allows one running daemon to invoke several others, reducing load on the system."
msgstr "インターネット<emphasis>スーパーサーバー</emphasis><literal>inetd</literal>は、(RUNLEVEL=2の場合)\"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\"にシムリンクされた\"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\"によってブート時に起動されます。RUNLEVEL=2)。基本的に、<literal>inetd</literal>は一つの実行デーモンによりいくつかの他のデーモンを起動できるようにすることで、システムのロードを下げます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10158
msgid "Whenever a request for service arrives, its protocol and service are identified by looking them up in the databases in \"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\".  <literal>inetd</literal> then looks up a normal Internet service in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\", or a <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> based service in \"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"."
msgstr "サービス要求が到達する度に、そのプロトコルとサービスが\"<literal>/etc/protocols</literal>\"と\"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\"というデーターベースを照覧することで確認されます。さらに<literal>inetd</literal>は、\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"の中にある通常のインターネットサービスか、\"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\"の中にある<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>準拠サービスを照覧します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10160
msgid "For system security, make sure to disable unused services in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> services need to be active for NFS and other RPC based programs."
msgstr "システムのセキュリティーのために\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"にある不使用のサービスは確実にディスエーブルしましょう。NFS他のRPCを使うプログラムためには<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>サービスはアクティブにする必要があります。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10162
msgid "Sometimes, <literal>inetd</literal> does not start the intended server directly but starts the <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink> program, <literal>tcpd</literal>(8), with the intended server name as its argument in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  In this case, <literal>tcpd</literal> runs the appropriate server program after logging the request and doing some additional checks using \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"."
msgstr "時々、<literal>inetd</literal>が対象となるサーバーを直接起動せずに、対象となるサーバー名を\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"中にアーギュメントとし記載した<ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCPデーモンラッパー</ulink>プログラム<literal>tcpd</literal>(8)を起動することがあります。この様な場合には、<literal>tcpd</literal>は要求を記録し\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"や\"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"を用いた追加確認後で適切なサーバープログラムを起動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10164
msgid "If you have problems with remote access in a recent Debian system, comment out \"<literal>ALL: PARANOID</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" if it exists."
msgstr "もし最近のDebianシステムでリモートアクセスで問題に会った場合には、\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"中に\"<literal>ALL:PARANOID</literal>\"という文言があるならコメントアウトしましょう。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10168
msgid "For more information on <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>, see <literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8), <literal>portmap</literal>(8), and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>に関してさらに詳しいことは、<literal>rpcinfo</literal>(8)と<literal>portmap</literal>(8)と\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"を参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10170
msgid "There are also non-PAM based access control available for <literal>atd</literal>(8) and <literal>cron</literal>(8)."
msgstr "<literal>atd</literal>(8)と<literal>cron</literal>(8)に関しては、PAM以外のアクセスコントロールがある。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10175
msgid "Security of authentication"
msgstr "認証のセキュリティー"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10176
msgid "The information here may not be sufficient for your security needs but it should be a good start."
msgstr "ここに書かれている情報はあなたのセキュリティーのニーズに充分ではないかもしれませんが、良いスタートです。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10179
msgid "Secure password over the Internet"
msgstr "インターネット経由のセキュアなパスワード"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10180
msgid "Many popular transportation layer services communicate messages including password authentication in the plain text. It is very bad idea to transmit password in the plain text over the wild Internet where it can be intercepted.  You can run these services over \"<ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">Transport Layer Security</ulink>\" (TLS) or its predecessor, \"Secure Sockets Layer\" (SSL) to secure entire communication including password by the encryption."
msgstr "多くのトランスポーテーションレイヤーサービスはパスワード認証も含めて暗号化せずにメッセージを通信します。途中で傍受されかねないインターネットの荒野を経由して暗号化せずパスワードを送ることは非常によくない考えです。これらに関しては、\"<ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">トランスポーテーションレイヤーセキュリティー</ulink>\"(TLS)もしくはその前身の\"セキュアソケットレイヤー\"(SSL)で暗号化することでパスワードを含むすべての通信をセキュアにしてサービスができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10183
msgid "List of insecure and secure services and ports."
msgstr "インセキュアとセキュアな、サービスやポートのリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10192
msgid "insecure service name"
msgstr "インセキュアなサービス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10195
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10201
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15174
msgid "port"
msgstr "ポート"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10198
msgid "secure service name"
msgstr "セキュアなサービス名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10208
msgid "www (http)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10211
msgid "80"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10214
msgid "https"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10217
msgid "443"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10222
msgid "smtp (mail)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10225
msgid "25"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10228
msgid "ssmtp (smtps)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10231
msgid "465"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10236
msgid "ftp-data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10239
msgid "20"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10242
msgid "ftps-data"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10245
msgid "989"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10250
msgid "ftp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10253
msgid "21"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10256
msgid "ftps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10264
msgid "telnet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10267
msgid "23"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10270
msgid "telnets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10273
msgid "992"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10278
msgid "imap2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10281
msgid "143"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10284
msgid "imaps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10287
msgid "993"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10292
msgid "pop3"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10295
msgid "110"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10298
msgid "pop3s"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10301
msgid "995"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10306
msgid "ldap"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10309
msgid "389"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10312
msgid "ldaps"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10315
msgid "636"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10321
msgid "The encryption costs CPU time.  As a CPU friendly alternative, you can keep communication in plain text while securing just password with the secure authentication protocol such as \"Authenticated Post Office Protocol\" (APOP) for POP and \"Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism MD5\" (CRAM-MD5) for SMTP and IMAP.  (For sending mail messages over the Internet to your mail server from your mail client, it is recently popular to use new message submission port 587 instead of traditional SMTP port 25 to avoid port 25 blocking by the network provider while authenticating yourself with CRAM-MD5.)"
msgstr "暗号化にはCPUタイムがかかります。CPUに友好的な代替方法として、POPには\"パスワードを認証されたポストオフィスプロトコル\"(APOP)やSMTPやIMAPには\"チャレンジレスポンス認証メカニズムMD5\"(CRAM-MD5)といったセキュアな認証プロトコルでパスワードのみを保護しつつ通信は暗号化無しですることもできます。(最近メールクライアントからメールサーバーにインターネット経由でメールメッセージを送る際には、CRAM-MD5で認証をしたのちネットワークプロバイダーによるポート25ブロッキングを避けて従来のSMTPポート25の代わりにメッセージサブミッションポート587を使うことがよく行われます。)"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10325
msgid "Secure Shell"
msgstr "セキュアシェル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10326
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> program provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network with the secure authentication. It consists of the <ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> client, <literal>ssh</literal>(1), and the <ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> daemon, <literal>sshd</literal>(8).  This SSH can be used to tunnel the insecure protocol communication such as POP and X securely over the Internet with the port forwarding feature."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">セキュアシェル(SSH)</ulink>プログラムはセキュアーな認証とともにインセキュアーなネットワークを通過したお互いに信頼し合っていないホスト間のセキュアーで暗号化された通信を可能にします。<ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink>クライアント<literal>ssh</literal>(1)と<ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink>デーモン<literal>sshd</literal>(8)から成り立っています。SSHはポートフォーワーディング機能を使いPOPやXのようなインセキュアプロトコルの通信をインターネット経由でトンネルするのに使えます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10328
msgid "The client tries to authenticate itself using host-based authentication, public key authentication, challenge-response authentication, or password authentication.  The use of public key authentication enables the remote password-less login. See <xref linkend=\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utility_ssh\"/>."
msgstr "クライアントは、ホストベースド認証、公開鍵認証、チャレンジレスポンス認証、パスワード認証を使って認証をとろうとします。公開鍵認証を利用すると、リモートからのパスワード無しログインができるようになります。<xref linkend=\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utility_ssh\"/>参照。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10332
msgid "Extra security measures for the Internet"
msgstr "インターネットのためのセキュリティー強化策"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10333
msgid "Even when you run secure services such as <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">Point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP)</ulink> servers, there are still chances for the break-ins using brute force password guessing attack etc. from the Internet.  Use of the firewall policy (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>) together with the following secure tools may improve the security situation."
msgstr "たとえ、<ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">セキュアシェル (SSH)</ulink>や<ulink url=\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">ポイントツーポイントトンネリングプロトコル(PPTP)</ulink>サーバーのようなセキュアサービスを走らせる場合でも、ブルートフォースのパスワード推測等による侵入の可能性は残っています。以下のようなセキュリティーのためのツールとともに、ファイアーウォールポリシー(<xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>参照)を使うのはセキュリティー状況を向上させ得る。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10336
msgid "List of tools to provide extra security measures."
msgstr "セキュリティー強化策のためのツール表"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10360
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/knockd\"> <literal>knockd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10363
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/knockd\">&pop-knockd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10364
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/knockd.html\">&size-knockd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10366
msgid "small port-knock daemon <literal>knocked</literal>(1) and client <literal>konck</literal>(1)"
msgstr "小さなポートノックのデーモン<literal>knocked</literal>(1)とクライアント<literal>konck</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10370
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/denyhosts\"> <literal>denyhosts</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10373
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/denyhosts\">&pop-denyhosts;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10374
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/denyhosts.html\">&size-denyhosts;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10376
msgid "an utility to help sysadmins thwart ssh hackers"
msgstr "sshからの侵入者をシステム管理者が排除することを助けるユーティリティー"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10380
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19071
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/fail2ban\"> <literal>fail2ban</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10383
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19074
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/fail2ban\">&pop-failcban;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10384
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19075
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/f/fail2ban.html\">&size-failcban;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10386
#: debian-reference.en.xml:19077
msgid "bans IPs that cause multiple authentication errors"
msgstr "複数回の認証エラーを発生させるIPを使用禁止とする"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10390
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/libpam-shield\"> <literal>libpam-shield</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10393
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/libpam-shield\">&pop-libpamshield;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10394
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-shield.html\">&size-libpamshield;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10396
msgid "locks out remote attackers trying password guessing"
msgstr "パスワード推測によるリモートからの攻撃者を締め出す"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10404
msgid "Securing the root password"
msgstr "rootパスワードのセキュリティ確保"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10405
msgid "To prevent people to access your machine with root privilege, you need to:"
msgstr "あなたの機器に他人がroot権限を持ってアクセスするのを阻止するには、以下が必要です："

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10410
msgid "prevent physical access to the hard disk."
msgstr "ハードディスクへの物理的アクセスを阻止します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10415
msgid "lock BIOS and prevent booting from the removable media."
msgstr "BIOSに鍵を書け、リムーバブルメディアからの起動を阻止します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10420
msgid "set password for GRUB interactive session."
msgstr "GRUBのインタラクティブセッションのパスワードを設定します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10425
msgid "lock GRUB menu from editing."
msgstr "GRUBのメニュー項目編集に鍵をかけます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10429
msgid "With physical access to hard disk, resetting the password is relatively easy;"
msgstr "ハードディスクへの物理的アクセスがあれば、パスワードをリセットすることは比較的簡単です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10434
msgid "move the hard disk to a PC with CD bootable BIOS."
msgstr "ハードディスクをCDから起動可能なBIOSのついたPCに移動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10439
msgid "boot system with a rescue media (Debian boot disk, Knopix CD, GRUB CD, …)."
msgstr "レスキューメディア(Debianブートディスク、Knopix CD、GRUB CD、...)でシステムを起動します。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10444
msgid "mount root partition with read-write access."
msgstr "rootパーティションを読み書きアクセスでマウントします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10449
msgid "edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" in the root partition and make the second entry for the <literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr "rootパーティションの\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"を編集し、<literal>root</literal>アカウントの2番目の項目を空にします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10453
msgid "If you have the edit access to the GRUB menu entry (see <xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) for <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> at the boot time, it is even easier:"
msgstr "<literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal>の起動時にGRUBのメニュー項目を編集できる(<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>参照)のならもっと簡単です。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10458
msgid "boot system with the kernel parameter changed to something like \"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw init=/bin/sh</literal>\"."
msgstr "カーネルパラメーターを\"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw init=/bin/sh</literal>\"のような感じに変更してシステムを起動。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10463
msgid "edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" and make the second entry for the <literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"を編集し、<literal>root</literal>アカウントの2番目の項目を空にします。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10468
msgid "reboot system."
msgstr "システム再起動。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10472
msgid "The root shell of the system is now accessible without password."
msgstr "システムのrootシェルにパスワード無しに入ることが出きるようになりました。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10474
msgid "Once you have root shell access, you can compromise password for all user accounts using brute force password cracking tools such as <literal>john</literal> and <literal>crack</literal> packages (see <xref linkend=\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>)."
msgstr "rootシェルにアクセスさえできれば、<literal>john</literal>とか<literal>crack</literal>パケージ(<xref linkend=\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>参照)のようなブルートフォースのパスワードクラッキングツールを使ってすべてのユーザーアカウントのパスワードを破る事ができます。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10475
msgid "The only reasonable software solution to avoid all these concerns is to use software encrypted root partition (or \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" partition) using <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> and initramfs (see <xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/>).  You always need password to boot the system, though."
msgstr "この様な懸念を回避できる唯一の合理的なソフトウエアー的解決法は、<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>とinitramfs(<xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/>参照)をつかう、ソフトウエアー暗号化されたrootパーティション(もしくは\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" パーティション)を使うことです。でも、パスワードをシステム起動毎に必要になってしまいます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10481
msgid "Network setup"
msgstr "ネットワークの設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10482
msgid "This section will address <ulink url=\"&tcpipnetwork;\">TCP/IP network</ulink> setup for the mobile PC which moves around different networks. (For the non-mobile PC, the debian-installer should have taken care your network setup and there are almost nothing for us to play with.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10484
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">You should install the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package for the mobile PC.</emphasis> This package provides framework to solve conflicts of the host address resolution between different network configuration scripts when network configuration changes.  Read more on \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/resolvconf/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10486
msgid "For the fixed location server machine, you can do without the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package and keep your system simple."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10488
msgid "In this document, we focus on Debian-specific issues. For a general guide to GNU/Linux networking, read the <ulink url=\"&linuxnetworkadministratorsguide;\">Linux Network Administrators Guide</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10491
msgid "The basic network infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10492
msgid "Let's review the basic network infrastructure of the modern Debian system."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10495
msgid "The domain name"
msgstr "ドメイン名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10496
msgid "The naming for the domain name is a tricky one for the normal workstation PC users.  The PC workstation may be mobile one hopping around the network or located behind the NAT firewall inaccessible from the Internet. For such case, you may not want the domain name to be a valid domain name to avoid name collision."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10498
msgid "According to <ulink url=\"&rfccgag;\">rfc2606</ulink>, \"<literal>invalid</literal>\" seems to be a choice for the <ulink url=\"&topleveldomaintld;\">top level domain (TLD)</ulink> to construct domain names that are sure to be invalid from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10500
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&mdns;\">mDNS</ulink> network discovery protocol (<ulink url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>, Avahi on Debian) uses <ulink url=\"&local;\">\"local\"</ulink> as the <ulink url=\"&pseudotopleveldomain;\">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink>.  <ulink url=\"&microsoftalsoseelocalareanetwork;\">Microsoft also seems to promote \"local\" for the TLD of local area network</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10502
msgid "Other popular choices for the invalid TLD seem to be \"<literal>localdomain</literal>\", \"<literal>lan</literal>\", \"<literal>localnet</literal>\", or \"<literal>home</literal>\" according to my incoming mail analysis."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10506
msgid "The hostname resolution"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10507
msgid "The hostname resolution is currently supported by the <ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism too.  The flow of this resolution is:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10512
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file with stanza like \"<literal>hosts: files dns</literal>\" dictates the hostname resolution order. (This replaces the old functionality of the \"<literal>order</literal>\" stanza in \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10517
msgid "The <literal>files</literal> method is invoked first.  If the hostname is found in the \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file, it returns all valid addresses for it and exits. (The \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\" file contains \"<literal>multi on</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10522
msgid "The <literal>dns</literal> method is invoked.  If the hostname is found by the query to the <ulink url=\"&internetdomainnamesystemdns;\">Internet Domain Name System (DNS)</ulink> identified by the \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" file, it returns all valid addresses for it and exits."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10526
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file <ulink url=\"&associatesipaddrseswithhostnames;\">associates IP addresses with hostnames</ulink>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10528
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"127.0.0.1 localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 &lt;host_name&gt;.&lt;domain_name&gt; &lt;host_name&gt;\n"
"\n"
"# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
"::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
"ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
"ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
"ff02::3 ip6-allhosts"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10538
msgid "Here the &lt;host_name&gt; in this matches the own hostname defined in the \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  The &lt;domain_name&gt; in this is the <ulink url=\"&fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn;\">fully qualified domain name (FQDN)</ulink> of this host."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10540
msgid "I sometimes use bogus domain name for &lt;domain_name&gt;, such as \"<literal>invalid</literal>\" in this configuration for the mobile PC."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10541
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is a static file if the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed.  If installed, it is a symbolic link.  Either way, it contains information that initialize the resolver routines. If the DNS is found at IP=\"<literal>192.168.11.1</literal>\", it contains:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10543
#, no-wrap
msgid "nameserver 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10544
msgid "The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package makes this \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" into a symbolic link and manages its contents by the hook scripts automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10546
msgid "The hostname resolution via Multicast DNS (using <ulink url=\"&zeroconf;\">Zeroconf</ulink>, aka <ulink url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>) which effectively allows name resolution by common Unix/Linux programs in the ad-hoc mDNS domain \"<literal>local</literal>\", can be provided by installing the <literal>libnss-mdns</literal> package.  The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file should have stanza like \"<literal>hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4</literal>\" to enable this functionality."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10550
msgid "The network interface name"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10551
msgid "The network interface name, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, is assigned to each hardware in the Linux kernel through the user space configuration mechanism, <literal>udev</literal> (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>), as it is found.  The network interface name is referred as <emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> in <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>interfaces</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10553
msgid "In order to ensure each network interface to be named persistently for each reboot using <ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> etc., there is a record file \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\".  This file is automatically generated by the \"<literal>/lib/udev/write_net_rules</literal>\" program, probably run by the \"<literal>persistent-net-generator.rules</literal>\" rules file. You can modify it to change naming rule."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10555
msgid "When editing the \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\" rules file, you must keep each rule on a single line and the <ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> in lowercase. For example, if you find \"Firewire device\" and \"PCI device\" in this file, you probably want to name \"PCI device\" as <literal>eth0</literal> and configure it as the primary network interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10558
msgid "The network address range for the LAN"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10559
msgid "Let us be reminded of the IPv4 32 bit address ranges in each class reserved for use on the <ulink url=\"&localareanetworkslans;\">local area networks (LANs)</ulink> by <ulink url=\"&rfcbjbi;\">rfc1918</ulink>.  These addresses are guaranteed not to conflict with any addresses on the Internet proper."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10562
msgid "List of network address ranges."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10572
msgid "Class"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10575
msgid "network addresses"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10578
msgid "net mask"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10581
msgid "net mask /bits"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10584
msgid "# of subnets"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10591
msgid "A"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10594
msgid "10.x.x.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10597
msgid "255.0.0.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10600
msgid "/8"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10608
msgid "B"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10611
msgid "172.16.x.x — 172.31.x.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10614
msgid "255.255.0.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10617
msgid "/16"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10620
msgid "16"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10625
#: debian-reference.en.xml:31098
msgid "C"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10628
msgid "192.168.0.x — 192.168.255.x"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10631
msgid "255.255.255.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10634
msgid "/24"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10637
msgid "256"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10643
msgid "If one of these addresses is assigned to a host, then that host must not access the Internet directly but must access it through a gateway that acts as a proxy for individual services or else does <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">Network Address Translation(NAT)</ulink>.  The broadband router usually performs NAT for the consumer LAN environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10646
msgid "The network configuration infrastructure"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10647
msgid "There are 2 types of low level networking programs for Linux networking system (see <xref linkend=\"_iproute2_commands\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10652
msgid "Old <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> programs (<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8), …) are from the Linux NET-3 networking system. Most of these are obsolete now."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10657
msgid "New <ulink url=\"&linuxiproutec;\">Linux iproute2</ulink> programs (<literal>ip</literal>(8), …) are the current Linux networking system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10661
msgid "Although these low level networking programs are powerful, they are cumbersome to use.  So higher level onfiguration systems have been created."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10663
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package and its associated packages are the de facto standard for the Debian networking system.  It enables you to bring up network simply by doing , e.g., \"<literal>ifup eth0</literal>\".  Its configuration file is the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" (<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>) file and its typical contents are:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10665
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12797
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"auto eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10670
msgid "In order to support easy reconfiguration of network address resolution, the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package was created.  Most debian network configuration systems are now modified to be supported by the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10672
msgid "In order to adjust to dynamically changing network environments for mobile desktop users on laptops, extension mechanisms to the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package were created."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10677
msgid "helper script to <literal>ifupdown</literal>: <literal>ifplugd</literal>, <literal>guessnet</literal>, <literal>ifscheme</literal>, …"
msgstr "<literal>ifupdown</literal>のヘルパースクリプト: <literal>ifplugd</literal>、<literal>guessnet</literal>、<literal>ifscheme</literal>、…"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10682
msgid "alternative system to <literal>ifupdown</literal>: <literal>network-manager</literal>, <literal>wicd</literal>, …"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10686
msgid "In order for these network configuration tools to function as a alternative to <literal>ifupdown</literal> for a certain interface, you may need to disable the corresponding network interface configuration in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10689
msgid "List of network configuration tools."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10699
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13123
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13425
msgid "packages"
msgstr "パッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10717
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifupdown\"> <literal>ifupdown</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10720
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown\">&pop-ifupdown;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown\">&pop-ifupdown;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10721
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifupdown.html\">&size-ifupdown;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10723
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&ifupdown;\">ifupdown</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&ifupdown;\">ifupdown</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10726
msgid "Standardized level to bring up and down the network (Debian specific)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10730
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifplugd\"> <literal>ifplugd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10733
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifplugd\">&pop-ifplugd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10734
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifplugd.html\">&size-ifplugd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10739
msgid "Manage the wired network automatically"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10743
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifupdown-extra\"> <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10746
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown-extra\">&pop-ifupdownextra;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown-extra\">&pop-ifupdownextra;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10747
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifupdown-extra.html\">&size-ifupdownextra;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10752
msgid "Network testing script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10756
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifmetric\"> <literal>ifmetric</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10759
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifmetric\">&pop-ifmetric;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10760
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifmetric.html\">&size-ifmetric;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10765
msgid "Set routing metrics for a network interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10769
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/guessnet\"> <literal>guessnet</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10772
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/guessnet\">&pop-guessnet;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10773
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/guessnet.html\">&size-guessnet;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10778
msgid "Mapping script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package via <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10782
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifscheme\"> <literal>ifscheme</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10785
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifscheme\">&pop-ifscheme;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10786
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifscheme.html\">&size-ifscheme;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10791
msgid "Mapping scripts to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10795
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifupdown-scripts-zg2\"> <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10798
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifupdown-scripts-zg2\">&pop-ifupdownscriptszgc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10799
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifupdown-scripts-zg2.html\">&size-ifupdownscriptszgc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10804
msgid "Zugschlus' interface scripts for ifupdown's manual method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10808
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/network-manager\"> <literal>network-manager</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10811
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager\">&pop-networkmanager;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager\">&pop-networkmanager;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10812
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager.html\">&size-networkmanager;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager.html\">&size-networkmanager;</ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10814
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10817
msgid "NetworkManager (daemon): Manage the network automatically"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10821
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/network-manager-gnome\"> <literal>network-manager-gnome</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10824
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-gnome\">&pop-networkmanagergnome;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-gnome\">&pop-networkmanagergnome;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10825
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager-gnome.html\">&size-networkmanagergnome;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10830
msgid "NetworkManager (GNOME frontend)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10834
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/network-manager-kde\"> <literal>network-manager-kde</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10837
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-kde\">&pop-networkmanagerkde;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/network-manager-kde\">&pop-networkmanagerkde;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10838
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/network-manager-kde.html\">&size-networkmanagerkde;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10843
msgid "NetworkManager (KDE frontend)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10847
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wicd\"> <literal>wicd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10850
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wicd\">&pop-wicd;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wicd\">&pop-wicd;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10851
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wicd.html\">&size-wicd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10853
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&wicd;\">wicd</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&wicd;\">wicd</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10856
msgid "Wired and wireless network manager"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10860
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13440
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iptables\"> <literal>iptables</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10863
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13443
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iptables\">&pop-iptables;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iptables\">&pop-iptables;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10864
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13444
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iptables.html\">&size-iptables;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10866
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10869
msgid "Administration tools for packet filtering and NAT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10873
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iproute\"> <literal>iproute</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10876
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iproute\">&pop-iproute;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iproute\">&pop-iproute;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10877
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iproute.html\">&size-iproute;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10879
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10882
msgid "IPv6 and other advanced network configuration: <literal>ip</literal>(8), <literal>tc</literal>(8), etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10886
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifrename\"> <literal>ifrename</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10889
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifrename\">&pop-ifrename;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10890
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifrename.html\">&size-ifrename;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10895
msgid "Rename network interfaces based on various static criteria: <literal>ifrename</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10899
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ethtool\"> <literal>ethtool</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10902
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ethtool\">&pop-ethtool;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ethtool\">&pop-ethtool;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10903
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/ethtool.html\">&size-ethtool;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10908
msgid "Display or change Ethernet device settings:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10912
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iputils-ping\"> <literal>iputils-ping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10915
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iputils-ping\">&pop-iputilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10916
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iputils-ping.html\">&size-iputilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10918
msgid "test::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"
msgstr "test::<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10921
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10925
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iputils-arping\"> <literal>iputils-arping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10928
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iputils-arping\">&pop-iputilsarping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10929
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iputils-arping.html\">&size-iputilsarping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10934
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10938
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iputils-tracepath\"> <literal>iputils-tracepath</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10941
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iputils-tracepath\">&pop-iputilstracepath;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10942
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iputils-tracepath.html\">&size-iputilstracepath;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10947
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10951
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/net-tools\"> <literal>net-tools</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10954
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/net-tools\">&pop-nettools;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/net-tools\">&pop-nettools;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10955
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/net-tools.html\">&size-nettools;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10957
msgid "config::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"
msgstr "config::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10960
msgid "The NET-3 networking toolkit (IPv4 network configuration): <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10964
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/inetutils-ping\"> <literal>inetutils-ping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10967
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/inetutils-ping\">&pop-inetutilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10968
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/inetutils-ping.html\">&size-inetutilsping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10970
msgid "test::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"
msgstr "test::<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10973
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink> (legacy, GNU)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10977
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/arping\"> <literal>arping</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:10980
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/arping\">&pop-arping;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/arping\">&pop-arping;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10981
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/arping.html\">&size-arping;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10986
msgid "Tools to test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address (legacy)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10990
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/traceroute\"> <literal>traceroute</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10993
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/traceroute\">&pop-traceroute;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10994
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/traceroute.html\">&size-traceroute;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:10999
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host (legacy, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11003
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16229
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dhcp3-client\"> <literal>dhcp3-client</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11006
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16232
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dhcp3-client\">&pop-dhcpdclient;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11007
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16233
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dhcp3-client.html\">&size-dhcpdclient;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11009
msgid "config::low-level"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11012
msgid "DHCP client"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11016
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wpasupplicant\"> <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11019
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wpasupplicant\">&pop-wpasupplicant;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11020
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wpasupplicant.html\">&size-wpasupplicant;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11025
msgid "Client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11029
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wireless-tools\"> <literal>wireless-tools</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11032
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wireless-tools\">&pop-wirelesstools;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11033
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wireless-tools.html\">&size-wirelesstools;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11038
msgid "Tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11042
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ppp\"> <literal>ppp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11045
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ppp\">&pop-ppp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ppp\">&pop-ppp;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11046
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/ppp.html\">&size-ppp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11051
msgid "PPP/PPPoE connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11055
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pppoeconf\"> <literal>pppoeconf</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11058
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pppoeconf\">&pop-pppoeconf;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11059
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pppoeconf.html\">&size-pppoeconf;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11061
msgid "config::helper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11064
msgid "Configuration helper for PPPoE connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11068
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/pppconfig\"> <literal>pppconfig</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11071
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/pppconfig\">&pop-pppconfig;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11072
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pppconfig.html\">&size-pppconfig;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11077
msgid "Configuration helper for plain PPP connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11081
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wvdial\"> <literal>wvdial</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11084
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wvdial\">&pop-wvdial;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wvdial\">&pop-wvdial;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11085
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wvdial.html\">&size-wvdial;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11090
msgid "PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</literal> with <literal>ppp</literal>, configuration helper"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11094
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mtr-tiny\"> <literal>mtr-tiny</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11097
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mtr-tiny\">&pop-mtrtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11098
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mtr-tiny.html\">&size-mtrtiny;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11100
msgid "test::low-level"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11103
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host (curses)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11107
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mtr\"> <literal>mtr</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11110
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mtr\">&pop-mtr;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mtr\">&pop-mtr;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11111
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mtr.html\">&size-mtr;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11116
msgid "Tools to trace the network path to a remote host (curses and GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11120
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome-nettool\"> <literal>gnome-nettool</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11123
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnome-nettool\">&pop-gnomenettool;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11124
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gnome-nettool.html\">&size-gnomenettool;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11129
msgid "Tools for common network information operations (GNOME)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11133
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nmap\"> <literal>nmap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11136
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nmap\">&pop-nmap;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nmap\">&pop-nmap;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11137
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nmap.html\">&size-nmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11142
msgid "Network mapper / port scanner (<ulink url=\"&nmap;\">Nmap</ulink>, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11146
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/zenmap\"> <literal>zenmap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11149
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/zenmap\">&pop-zenmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11150
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/z/zenmap.html\">&size-zenmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11155
msgid "Network mapper / port scanner (GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11159
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/knmap\"> <literal>knmap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11162
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/knmap\">&pop-knmap;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/knmap\">&pop-knmap;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11163
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/knmap.html\">&size-knmap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11168
msgid "Network mapper / port scanner (KDE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11172
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcpdump\"> <literal>tcpdump</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11175
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcpdump\">&pop-tcpdump;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11176
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcpdump.html\">&size-tcpdump;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11181
msgid "Network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&tcpdump;\">Tcpdump</ulink>, console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11185
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/wireshark\"> <literal>wireshark</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11188
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/wireshark\">&pop-wireshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11189
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wireshark.html\">&size-wireshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11194
msgid "Network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&wireshark;\">Wireshark</ulink>, GTK+)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11198
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tshark\"> <literal>tshark</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11201
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tshark\">&pop-tshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11202
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tshark.html\">&size-tshark;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11207
msgid "Network traffic analyzer (console)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11211
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nagios3\"> <literal>nagios3</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11214
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nagios3\">&pop-nagiosd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11215
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nagios3.html\">&size-nagiosd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11220
msgid "Monitoring and management system for hosts, services and networks (<ulink url=\"&nagios;\">Nagios</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11224
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/tcptrace\"> <literal>tcptrace</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11227
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcptrace\">&pop-tcptrace;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/tcptrace\">&pop-tcptrace;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11228
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/tcptrace.html\">&size-tcptrace;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11233
msgid "Tool to produce a summarization of the connections from <literal>tcpdump</literal> output"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11237
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/snort\"> <literal>snort</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11240
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/snort\">&pop-snort;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/snort\">&pop-snort;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11241
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/snort.html\">&size-snort;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11246
msgid "Flexible network intrusion detection system (<ulink url=\"&snort;\">Snort</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11250
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ntop\"> <literal>ntop</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11253
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ntop\">&pop-ntop;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ntop\">&pop-ntop;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11254
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/ntop.html\">&size-ntop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11259
msgid "Display network usage in web browser"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11263
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16203
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dnsutils\"> <literal>dnsutils</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11266
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16206
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dnsutils\">&pop-dnsutils;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11267
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16207
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dnsutils.html\">&size-dnsutils;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11272
msgid "Network clients provided with <ulink url=\"&bind;\">BIND</ulink>: <literal>nslookup</literal>(8), <literal>nsupdate</literal>(8), <literal>dig</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11276
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dlint\"> <literal>dlint</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11279
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dlint\">&pop-dlint;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dlint\">&pop-dlint;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11280
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dlint.html\">&size-dlint;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11285
msgid "Checks <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> zone information using nameserver lookups"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11289
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/dnstracer\"> <literal>dnstracer</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11292
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dnstracer\">&pop-dnstracer;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/dnstracer\">&pop-dnstracer;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11293
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/dnstracer.html\">&size-dnstracer;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11298
msgid "Tool to trace a chain of <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> servers to the source"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11306
msgid "The network device support"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11307
msgid "Although most hardware devices are supported by the Debian system, there are some network devices which require <ulink url=\"&dsfg;\">DSFG</ulink> non-free external hardware drivers to support them.  Please see <xref linkend=\"_non_free_hardware_drivers\"/>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11312
msgid "The network connection method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11313
msgid "The connection test method described in this section are meant for testing purposes.  It is not meant to be used directly for the daily network connection.  You are advised to use them via the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11314
msgid "The typical network connection method and connection path for a PC can be summarized as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11317
msgid "List of network connection types and connection paths."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11325
msgid "PC"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11328
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11383
msgid "connection method"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11331
msgid "connection path"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11338
msgid "Serial port (<literal>ppp0</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11341
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11396
msgid "PPP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11344
msgid "⇔ <ulink url=\"&modem;\">modem</ulink> ⇔ POTS ⇔ dial-up access point ⇔ ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11349
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11360
msgid "Ethernet port (<literal>eth0</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11352
msgid "PPPoE/DHCP/Static"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11355
msgid "⇔ BB-modem ⇔ BB service ⇔ BB access point ⇔ ISP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11363
msgid "DHCP/Static"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11366
msgid "⇔ LAN ⇔ BB-router with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> (⇔ BB-modem …)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11372
msgid "Here is the summary of configuration script for each connection method:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11375
msgid "List of network connection configurations."
msgstr "ネットワーク接続設定のリスト。"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11386
msgid "configuration"
msgstr "設定"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11389
msgid "backend package(s)"
msgstr "バックエンドパッケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11399
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11402
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11407
msgid "PPP (alternative)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11410
msgid "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> to create heuristic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11413
msgid "<literal>ppp</literal>, <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11418
msgid "PPPoE"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11421
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11424
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11429
msgid "DHCP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11432
msgid "described in \"<literal>/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11435
msgid "<literal>dhcp3-client</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11440
msgid "static IP (IPv4)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11443
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11454
msgid "described in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>中に記載"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11446
msgid "<literal>net-tools</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11451
msgid "static IP (IPv6)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11457
msgid "<literal>iproute</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11463
msgid "The network connection acronyms mean:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11466
msgid "List of network connection acronyms."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11473
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12071
msgid "acronym"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11483
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11486
msgid "The plain old telephone service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11491
msgid "BB"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11494
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&broadband;\">broadband</ulink>"
msgstr "The <ulink url=\"&broadband;\">ブロードバンド</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11499
msgid "BB-service"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11502
msgid "E.g., the digital subscriber line (DSL), the cable TV, or the fiber to the premises (FTTP)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11507
msgid "BB-modem"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11510
msgid "E.g., <ulink url=\"&thedslmodem;\">the DSL modem</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&thecablemodem;\">the cable modem</ulink>, or <ulink url=\"&theopticalnetworkterminalont;\">the optical network terminal (ONT)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11515
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11518
msgid "The local area network"
msgstr "ローカルエリアネットワーク"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11523
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11526
msgid "The wide area network"
msgstr "広域ネットワーク"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11531
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15977
#: debian-reference.en.xml:16235
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11534
msgid "The dynamic host configuration protocol"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11539
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11542
msgid "The point-to-point protocol"
msgstr "ポイント間接続プロトコル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11547
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11550
msgid "The point-to-point protocol over Ethernet"
msgstr "Ethernet経由のポイント間接続プロトコル"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11555
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11558
msgid "The Internet service provider"
msgstr "インターネットサービス供給者"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11564
msgid "The WAN connection services via cable TV are generally served by DHCP or PPPoE.  The ones by ADSL and FTTP are generally served by PPPoE.  You have to consult your ISP for exact configuration requirements of the WAN connection."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11565
msgid "When BB-router is used to create home LAN environment, PCs on LAN are connected to the WAN via BB-router with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink>.  For such case, PC's network interfaces on the LAN are served by static IP or DHCP from the BB-router.  BB-router must be configured to connect the WAN following the instruction by your ISP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11567
msgid "The DHCP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11568
msgid "The typical modern home and small business network, i.e. LAN, are connected to the WAN(Internet) using some consumer grade broadband router.  The LAN behind this router is usually served by the <ulink url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)</ulink> server running on the router."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11570
msgid "Just install the <literal>dhcp3-client</literal> package for the Ethernet served by the <ulink url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11574
msgid "The static IP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11575
msgid "No special action is needed for the Ethernet served by the static IP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11579
msgid "The PPP connection with pppconfig"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11580
msgid "The configuration script <literal>pppconfig</literal> will configure the <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> connection interactively just by selecting:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11585
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11693
msgid "the telephone number,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11590
msgid "the ISP user name,"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11595
msgid "the ISP password,"
msgstr "ISPのパスワード"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11600
msgid "the port speed,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11605
msgid "the modem communication port, and"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11610
msgid "the authentication method."
msgstr "認証方法"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11614
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11708
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11781
msgid "The configuration files are:"
msgstr "設定ファイルは以下："

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11617
msgid "List of configuration files for the <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> connection with pppconfig."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11634
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11637
msgid "The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>pppd</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11642
msgid "<literal>/etc/chatscripts/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11645
msgid "The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>chat</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11650
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11744
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11809
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/options</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11653
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11747
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11812
msgid "The general execution parameter for <literal>pppd</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11658
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11752
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11817
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-secret</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11661
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11755
msgid "Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&pap;\">PAP</ulink> (still used)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11666
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11760
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11825
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/chap-secret</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11669
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11763
msgid "Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&chap;\">CHAP</ulink> (more secure)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11675
msgid "The \"&lt;isp_name&gt;\" value of \"provider\" is assumed if <literal>pon</literal> and <literal>poff</literal> commands are invoked without arguments."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11676
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11769
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11834
msgid "You can test configuration using lower level network configuration tools:"
msgstr "下層のネットワーク設定ツールを使って設定の確認ができます。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11678
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo pon &lt;isp_name&gt;\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11681
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ppp/README.Debian.gz</literal>\" for more information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11685
msgid "The alternative PPP connection with wvdialconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11686
msgid "A different approach to using <literal>pppd</literal>(8) is to run it from <literal>wvdial</literal>(1) which comes in the <literal>wvdial</literal> package.  Instead of <literal>pppd</literal> running <literal>chat</literal>(8) to dial in and negotiate the connection, <literal>wvdial</literal> does the dialing and initial negotiating and then starts <literal>pppd</literal> to do the rest."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11688
msgid "The configuration script <literal>wvdialconf</literal> will configure the PPP connection interactively just by selecting:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11698
msgid "the ISP user name, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11703
msgid "the ISP password.  <literal>wvdial</literal> succeeds in making the connection in most cases and maintains authentication data list automatically."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11711
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPP connection with wvdialconf."
msgstr "wvdialconfでPPP接続する際の設定ファイルリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11728
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11731
msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11736
msgid "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11739
msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11771
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo wvdial\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo killall wvdial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11774
msgid "See <literal>wvdial</literal>(1) and <literal>wvdial.conf</literal>(5) for more information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11778
msgid "The PPPoE connection with pppoeconf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11779
msgid "When your ISP serves you with PPPoE connection and you decide to connect your PC directly to the WAN, the network of your PC must be configured with the PPPoE. The PPPoE stand for PPP over Ethernet. The configuration script <literal>pppoeconf</literal> will configure the PPPoE connection interactively."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11784
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPPoE connection with pppoeconf."
msgstr "pppoeconfを用いてPPPoE接続する際の設定ファイルのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11801
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11804
msgid "The <literal>pppoeconf</literal> generated configuration file for <literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>pppoe</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11820
msgid "Authentication data for the PAP (still used)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11828
msgid "Authentication data for the CHAP (more secure)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11836
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
"$ sudo pon dsl-provider\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff dsl-provider\n"
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11841
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/pppoeconf/README.Debian</literal>\" for more information."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11846
msgid "The basic network configuration with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11847
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package provides the standardized framework for the high level network configuration in the Debian system. In this section, we learn the basic network configuration with <literal>ifupdown</literal> with simplified introduction and many typical examples."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11850
msgid "The command syntax simplified"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11851
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package contains 2 commands: <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>ifdown</literal>(8).  They offer high level network configuration dictated by the configuration file <emphasis role=\"strong\">/e/n/i</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11854
msgid "List of basic network configuration commands with ifupdown."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11871
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12526
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11874
msgid "To bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" stanza exists."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11879
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12534
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11882
msgid "To bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" stanza exists."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11888
msgid "Do not use low level configuration tools such as <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) and <literal>ip</literal>(8) commands to configure an interface in <emphasis role=\"strong\">up</emphasis> state."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11889
msgid "There is no command <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11894
msgid "The basic syntax of /etc/network/interfaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11895
msgid "The key syntax of \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" (<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> as its acronym in the following text) as explained in <literal>interfaces</literal>(5) can be summarized as:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11898
msgid "List of stanzas in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>の中のスタンザのリスト"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11905
msgid "stanza"
msgstr "スタンザ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11915
msgid "\"<literal>auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11918
msgid "To start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; upon start of the system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11923
msgid "\"<literal>allow-auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11931
msgid "\"<literal>allow-hotplug &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11934
msgid "To start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; when the kernel detects a hotplug event from the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11939
msgid "Lines started with \"<literal>iface &lt;config_name&gt; …</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11942
msgid "To define the network configuration &lt;config_name&gt;."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11947
msgid "Lines started with \"<literal>mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt; </literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11950
msgid "To define mapping value of &lt;config_name&gt; for the matching &lt;interface_name&gt;."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11955
msgid "A line starting with a hash \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11958
msgid "To be ignored as comments. (end-of-line comments are <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> supported)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11963
msgid "A line ending with a backslash \"<literal>\\</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11966
msgid "To extend the configuration to the next line."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:11972
msgid "Lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza has the following syntax:"
msgstr "Lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza has the following syntax:"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11974
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface &lt;config_name&gt; &lt;address_family&gt; &lt;method_name&gt;\n"
" &lt;option1&gt; &lt;value1&gt;\n"
" &lt;option2&gt; &lt;value2&gt;\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11978
msgid "For the basic configuration, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza is not used and you use the network interface name as the network configuration name. (See <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11982
msgid "The loopback network interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11983
msgid "The following configuration entry in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file brings up the loopback network interface <literal>lo</literal> upon booting the system (via <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11985
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12818
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11987
msgid "This one always exists in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11991
msgid "The network interface served by the DHCP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11992
msgid "After prepairing the system by <xref linkend=\"_the_dhcp_connection_with_the_ethernet\"/>, the network interface served by the DHCP is configured by creating the configuration entry in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11994
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:11997
msgid "When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface <literal>eth0</literal>, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause ifup to bring up the interface and the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause <literal>ifup</literal> to use DHCP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12001
msgid "The network interface with the static IP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12002
msgid "The network interface served by the static IP is configured by creating the configuration entry in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file as, e.g.,:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12004
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12012
msgid "When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface <literal>eth0</literal>, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause ifup to bring up the interface and the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza will cause <literal>ifup</literal> to use the static IP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12014
msgid "Here, I assumed:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12019
msgid "IP address range of the LAN network: <literal>192.168.11.0</literal> - <literal>192.168.11.255</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12024
msgid "IP address of the gateway: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12029
msgid "IP address of the PC: <literal>192.168.11.100</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12034
msgid "The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12039
msgid "The domain name as \"<literal>lan</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12044
msgid "The DNS server at: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12048
msgid "When the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed, DNS related configuration needs to be done manually by editing the \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12050
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"nameserver 192.168.11.1\n"
"domain lan"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12052
msgid "The IP addresses used in the above example are not meant to be copied literally.  You have to adjust IP numbers to your actual network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12055
msgid "The basics of wireless LAN interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12056
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&wirelesslanwlanforshort;\">wireless LAN (WLAN for short)</ulink> provides the fast wireless connectivity through the spread-spectrum communication of unlicensed radio bands based on the set of standards called <ulink url=\"&ieeeiacbb;\">IEEE 802.11</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12058
msgid "The WLAN interfaces are almost like normal Ethernet interfaces but require some network ID and encryption key data to be provided when they are initialized.  The higher level network tools are exactly the same as the Ethernet except the interface names are a bit different like <literal>ath0</literal>, <literal>wlan0</literal>, <literal>ath0</literal>, <literal>wifi0</literal>, … depending on the kernel drivers used."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12060
msgid "Here are some keywords to remember for the WLAN:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12063
msgid "List of acronyms for WLAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12074
msgid "full word"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12084
msgid "NWID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12087
msgid "Network ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12090
msgid "The 16 bit network ID used by pre-802.11 <ulink url=\"&wavelan;\">WaveLAN</ulink> network. Very much deprecated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12095
msgid "(E)SSID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12098
msgid "(Extended) <ulink url=\"&servicesetidentifier;\">Service Set Identifier</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12101
msgid "The network name of the <ulink url=\"&wirelessaccesspointsaps;\">Wireless Access Points (APs)</ulink> interconnected to form an integrated <ulink url=\"&iacbbwirelesslan;\">802.11 wireless LAN</ulink>.  Domain ID."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12106
msgid "WEP, (WEP2)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12109
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wiredequivalentprivacy;\">Wired Equivalent Privacy</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12112
msgid "The 1st generation 64-bit (128-bit) wireless encryption standard with 40-bit key. Deprecated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12117
msgid "WPA"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12120
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi保護アクセス（Protected Access）</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12123
msgid "The 2nd generation wireless encryption standard (most of 802.11i), compatible with WEP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12128
msgid "WPA2"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12131
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access 2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi保護アクセス（Protected Access）2</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12134
msgid "The 3rd generation wireless encryption standard (full 802.11i), non-compatible with WEP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12140
msgid "The actual choice of protocol is usually limited by the wireless router you deploy."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12144
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WPA/WPA2"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12145
msgid "You need to install the <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> package to support the WLAN with the new WPA/WPA2."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12147
msgid "In case of the DHCP served IP on WLAN connection, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry should be:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12149
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug ath0\n"
"iface ath0 inet dhcp\n"
" wpa-ssid homezone\n"
" # hexadecimal psk is encoded from a plaintext passphrase\n"
" wpa-psk 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12154
msgid "See more on \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.modes.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12158
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WEP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12159
msgid "You need to install the <literal>wireless-tools</literal> package to support the WLAN with the old WEP.  (Your consumer grade router may still be using.  Insecure infrastructure but better than nothing.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12161
msgid "Please note that your network traffic on WLAN may be sniffed by others."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12162
msgid "In case of the <ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink> served IP on WLAN connection, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry should be:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12164
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" wireless-essid Home\n"
" wireless-key1 0123-4567-89ab-cdef\n"
" wireless-key2 12345678\n"
" wireless-key3 s:password\n"
" wireless-defaultkey 2\n"
" wireless-keymode open"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12172
msgid "See more on \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wireless-tools/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12176
msgid "The PPP connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12177
msgid "You need to configure the PPP connection first as described before (see <xref linkend=\"_the_ppp_connection_with_pppconfig\"/>).  Then, add the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry for the primary PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12179
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface ppp0 inet ppp\n"
" provider &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12183
msgid "The alternative PPP connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12184
msgid "You need to configure the alternative PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</literal> first as described before (see <xref linkend=\"_the_alternative_ppp_connection_with_wvdialconf\"/>).  Then, add the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry for the primary PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12186
#, no-wrap
msgid "iface ppp0 inet wvdial"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12189
msgid "The PPPoE connection"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12190
msgid "For PC connected directly to the WAN served by the PPPoE, you need to configure system with the PPPoE connection as described before (see <xref linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>).  Then, add the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file entry for the primary PPPoE device <literal>eth0</literal> as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12192
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12203
msgid "The network configuration state of ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12204
msgid "The \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file stores the <emphasis role=\"strong\">intended</emphasis> network configuration states for all the currently active network interfaces managed by the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package are listed. Unfortunately, even if the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system fails to bring up the interface as intended, the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file lists it active."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12206
msgid "The output of the <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) command without any arguments or with the interface name as its argument provides the <emphasis role=\"strong\">actual</emphasis> network configuration state.  If the interface does not have the second line as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12208
#, no-wrap
msgid "          inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12209
msgid "it can not be used as a part of <ulink url=\"&ipvenetwork;\">IPV4 network</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12211
msgid "For the Ethernet device connected to the PPPoE, the output of the <literal>ifconfig</literal>(8) command lacks above line."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12214
msgid "The basic network reconfiguration"
msgstr "基本ネットワーク設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12215
msgid "When you try to reconfigure the interface, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, you must disable it first with the \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command.  This will remove the entry of <literal>eth0</literal> from the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file. (This may result in some error message if <literal>eth0</literal> is not active or it is configured improperly previously.  So far, it seems to be safe to do this for the simple single user work station at any time.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12217
msgid "You are now free to rewrite the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> contents as needed to reconfigure the network interface, <literal>eth0</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12219
msgid "Then, you can reactivate <literal>eth0</literal> with the \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12221
msgid "You can (re)initialize the network interface simply by \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0;sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12224
msgid "The ifupdown-extra package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12225
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package provides the easy network connection test for use with the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12230
msgid "the <literal>network-test</literal>(1) command from the shell, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12235
msgid "the automatic scripts run for each <literal>ifup</literal> command execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12239
msgid "The <literal>network-test</literal> command frees you from the execution of cumbersome low level commands to analyze the network problem."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12241
msgid "The automatic scripts are installed in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" and:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12246
msgid "check the network cable connection,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12251
msgid "check duplicate use of IP address,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12256
msgid "setup system's static routes based on the \"<literal>/etc/network/routes</literal>\" definition,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12261
msgid "check if network gateway is reachable, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12266
msgid "record results in the \"<literal>/var/log/syslog</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12270
msgid "This syslog record is quite useful for administration of the network problem on the remote system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12272
msgid "The automatic behavior of the <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package is configurable with the \"<literal>/etc/default/network-test</literal>\". Some of these automatic checks slow down the system bootup a little bit since it takes some time to listen for <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> replies."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12276
msgid "The advanced network configuration with ifupdown"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12277
msgid "The functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package can be improved beyond what was described in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/> with the advanced knowledge."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12279
msgid "The functionalities described here are completely optional.  I, being lazy and minimalist, rarely bother to use these."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12281
msgid "If you could not set up network connection by information in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>, you will make situation worse by using information below."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12283
msgid "The ifplugd package"
msgstr "ifplugdパケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12284
msgid "The <literal>ifplugd</literal> package is older automatic network configuration tool which can manage only Ethernet connections. This solves unplugged/replugged Ethernet cable issues for mobile PC etc..  If you have <ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_automatic_network_configuration\"/>) installled, you do not need this package."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12286
msgid "This package runs <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> and replaces <emphasis role=\"strong\">auto</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">allow-hotplug</emphasis> functionalities (see <xref linkend=\"list-of-stanzas-in-eni\"/> and starts interfaces upon their connection to the network."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12288
msgid "Here is how to use the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package for the internal Ethernet port, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12293
msgid "Remove stanza in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>: \"<literal>auto eth0</literal>\" or \"<literal>allow-hotplug eth0</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12298
msgid "Keep stanza in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>: \"<literal>iface eth0 inet …</literal>\" and \"<literal>mapping …</literal>\","
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12303
msgid "Install the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12308
msgid "Run \"<literal>sudo dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd</literal>\", and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12313
msgid "Put <literal>eth0</literal> as the \"static interfaces to be watched by ifplugd\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12317
msgid "Now, the network reconfiguration works as you desire:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12322
msgid "Upon power-on or upon hardware discovery, the interface is not brought up by itself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12327
msgid "Quick boot process without the long DHCP timeout."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12332
msgid "No funny activated interface without proper IPv4 address (see <xref linkend=\"_the_network_configuration_state_of_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12339
msgid "Upon finding the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought up."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12344
msgid "Upon some time after unplugging the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought down automatically."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12349
msgid "Upon plugging in another Ethernet cable, the interface will be brought up under the new network environment."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12353
msgid "The arguments for the <literal>ifplugd</literal>(8) command can set its behaviors such as the delay for reconfiguring interfaces."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12356
msgid "The ifmetric package"
msgstr "ifmetricパケージ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12357
msgid "The <literal>ifmeric</literal> package enables us to manipulate metrics of routes a posteriori even for DHCP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12359
msgid "The following will set the <literal>eth0</literal> interface to be preferred over the <literal>wlan0</literal> interface:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12364
msgid "Install the <literal>ifmetric</literal> package, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12369
msgid "Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 0</literal>\" just below the \"<literal>iface eth0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12374
msgid "Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 1</literal>\" just below the \"<literal>iface wlan0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12378
msgid "The metric 0 means the highest priority route and is the default one.  The larger metric value means lower priority routes. The IP address of the active interface with the lowest metric value becomes the originating one. See <literal>ifmetric</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12382
msgid "The virtual interface"
msgstr "仮想インターフェース"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12383
msgid "A single physical Ethernet interface can be configured as multiple virtual interfaces with different IP addresses.  Usually the purpose is to connect an interface to several IP subnetworks.  For example, IP address based virtual web hosting by a single network interface is one such application."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12385
msgid "For example, let's suppose that"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12390
msgid "a single Ethernet interface on your host is connected to a Ethernet hub (not to the broadband router),"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12395
msgid "the Ethernet hub is connected to both the Internet and LAN network,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12400
msgid "the Internet and LAN network by a single Ethernet interface with the Ethernet hub,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12405
msgid "the LAN network uses subnet <literal>192.168.0.x/24</literal>,"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12410
msgid "your host uses DHCP served IP address with the physical interface <literal>eth0</literal> for the Internet, and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12415
msgid "your host uses <literal>192.168.0.1</literal> with the virtual interface <literal>eth0:0</literal> for the LAN, then following stanzas in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> will configure your network:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12417
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" metric 0\n"
"iface eth0:0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.0.1\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" network 192.168.0.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
" metric 1"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12427
msgid "Although this configuration example with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> using <ulink url=\"&netfilteriptables;\">netfilter/iptables</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>) can provide cheap router for the LAN with only single interface, there is no real firewall capability with such set up.  You should use 2 physical interfaces with NAT to secure the local network from Internet."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12430
msgid "The advanced command syntax"
msgstr "上級コマンドシンタックス"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12431
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package offers advanced network configuration using the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name.  I use slightly different terminology from one used in <literal>ifup</literal>(8) and <literal>interfaces</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12434
msgid "List of terminology for network devices."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12443
msgid "manpage terminology"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12446
msgid "my terminology"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12449
msgid "explanation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12452
msgid "examples in the following text"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12459
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">物理インターフェース</emphasis>名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12462
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ネットワークインターフェース</emphasis>名"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12465
msgid "A name given by the Linux kernel (using <literal>udev</literal> mechanism)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12468
msgid "<literal>lo</literal>, <literal>eth0</literal>, <literal>&lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12473
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">logical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">論理インターフェース</emphasis>名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12476
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ネットワーク設定</emphasis>名"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12479
msgid "A name token following <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12482
msgid "<literal>config1</literal>, <literal>config2</literal>, <literal>&lt;config_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12488
msgid "Basic network configuration commands in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> require the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name token of the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza to match the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12490
msgid "Advanced network configuration commands enables separation of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12493
msgid "List of advanced network configuration commands with ifupdown."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12510
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12513
msgid "To bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>config1</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12518
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12521
msgid "To bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration <literal>config1</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12529
msgid "To bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12537
msgid "To bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12545
msgid "The mapping stanza"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12546
msgid "We skipped explaining the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> to avoid complication.  This stanza has the following syntax:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12548
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;\n"
" script &lt;script_name&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input1&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input2&gt;\n"
" map ..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12553
msgid "This provides advanced feature to the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file by automating the choice of the configuration with the mapping script specified by <literal>&lt;script_name&gt;</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12555
msgid "When the \"<literal>&lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\" matches \"<literal>eth0</literal>\", the execution of"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12557
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo ifup eth0"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12558
msgid "will produce the execution of:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12560
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=$(echo -e '&lt;script_input1&gt; \\n"
" &lt;script_input2&gt; \\n"
" ...' | &lt;script_name&gt; eth0)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12561
msgid "to configure <literal>eth0</literal> automatically. Here, lines with \"<literal>map</literal>\" are optional and can be repeated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12563
msgid "The glob for <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> stanza works like shell file name glob."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12566
msgid "The manually switchable network configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12567
msgid "Here is how to switch manually among several network configurations without rewriting the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file as in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_reconfiguration\"/> ."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12569
msgid "For all the network configuration you need to access, you create a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file, e.g,:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12571
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"iface config1 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\"\n"
"\n"
"iface config2 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1\n"
"\n"
"iface pppoe inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider\n"
"\n"
"iface pots inet ppp\n"
" provider provider"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12597
msgid "Please note the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration name</emphasis> which is the token after <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> does not use the token for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface name</emphasis>.  Also, there are no <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza nor <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza to start the network interface <literal>eth0</literal> automatically upon events."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12599
msgid "Now you are ready to switch the network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12601
msgid "Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the DHCP.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> (the physical interface) <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name (the logical interface name) <literal>config1</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12603
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config1\n"
"Password:\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12606
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured by DHCP and connected to LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12608
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config1\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12610
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12612
msgid "Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the static IP.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>config2</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12614
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12616
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with static IP and connected to LAN. The additional parameters given as <literal>dns-*</literal> configures \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" contents.  This \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is better manged if the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is installed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12618
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12620
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN, again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12622
msgid "Let's move your PC directly connected to BB-modem connected to the PPPoE served service.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>pppoe</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12624
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12626
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with PPPoE connection directly to the ISP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12628
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12630
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected, again."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12632
msgid "Let's move your PC to a location without LAN or BB-modem but with POTS and modem.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>ppp0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>pots</literal> to it:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12634
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12636
msgid "The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is up and connected to the Internet with PPP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12638
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12640
msgid "The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is down and disconnected from the Internet."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12642
msgid "You should check the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file for the current network configuration state of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12644
msgid "You may need to adjust numbers at the end of <literal>eth*</literal>, <literal>ppp*</literal>, etc. if you have multiple network interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12647
msgid "Scripting with the ifupdown system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12648
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> system automatically runs scripts installed in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" while exporting environment variables to scripts:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12651
msgid "List of environment variables passed by the ifupdown system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12658
msgid "environment variable"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12661
msgid "value passed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12668
msgid "\"<literal>$IFACE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12671
msgid "physical name (interface name) of the interface being processed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12676
msgid "\"<literal>$LOGICAL</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12679
msgid "logical name (configuration name) of the interface being processed."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12684
msgid "\"<literal>$ADDRFAM</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12687
msgid "address family of the interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12692
msgid "\"<literal>$METHOD</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12695
msgid "method of the interface. (e.g., \"static\")"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12700
msgid "\"<literal>$MODE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12703
msgid "\"start\" if run from <literal>ifup</literal>, \"stop\" if run from <literal>ifdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12708
msgid "\"<literal>$PHASE</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12711
msgid "as per MODE, but with finer granularity, distinguishing the pre-up, post-up, pre-down and post-down phases."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12716
msgid "\"<literal>$VERBOSITY</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12719
msgid "indicates whether \"<literal>--verbose</literal>\" was used; set to 1 if so, 0 if not."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12724
msgid "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12727
msgid "the command search path: \"<literal>/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12732
msgid "\"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12735
msgid "the value for the corresponding option under the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12741
msgid "Here, each environment variable, \"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\", is created from the name for the corresponding option by prepending \"<literal>$IF_</literal>\", converting the case to the upper case, replacing hyphens to underscores, and discarding non-alphanumeric characters."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12743
msgid "The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_ifupdown_extra_package\"/>) uses these environment variables to extend the functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package.  The <literal>ifmetric</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_ifmetric_package\"/>) installs the \"<literal>/etc/network/if-up.d/ifmetric</literal>\" script which sets the metric via the \"<literal>$IF_METRIC</literal>\" variable.  The <literal>guessnet</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_mapping_with_guessnet\"/>), which provides simple and powerful framework for the auto-selection of the network configuration via the mapping mechanism, also uses these."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12745
msgid "For more specific examples of custom network configuration scripts using these environment variables, you should check example scripts in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/*</literal>\" and scripts used in <literal>ifscheme</literal> and <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> packages.  These additional scripts have some overlaps of functinalities with basic <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> and <literal>guessnet</literal> packages.  If you install these additional scripts, you should customize these scripts to avoid interferences."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12748
msgid "Mapping with guessnet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12749
msgid "Instead of manually choosing configuration as described in <xref linkend=\"_the_manually_switchable_network_configuration\"/>, you can use the mapping mechanism described in <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/> to select network configuration automatically with custom scripts."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12751
msgid "The <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>(8) command provided by the <literal>guessnet</literal> package is designed to be used as a mapping script and provides powerful framework to enhance the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12756
msgid "you list test condition as the value for <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options for each network configuration under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12761
msgid "mapping will chose the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> with first non-ERROR result as the network configuration."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12765
msgid "This dual usage of the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file by the mapping script, <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>, and the original network configuration infrastructure, <literal>ifupdown</literal>, does not cause negative impacts since <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options only export extra environment variables to scripts run by the <literal>ifupdown</literal> system.  See details in <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12767
msgid "When multiple <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> option lines are required in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis>, use option lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet1</literal></emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet2</literal></emphasis>, and so on, since the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package does not allow starting strings of option lines to be repeated."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12771
msgid "The network configuration for desktop"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12773
msgid "GUI network configuration tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12774
msgid "The capability of default GUI network configuration tools for each desktop environments such as GNOME tends to be limited to basic configurations such as static IP or DHCP.  They actually overwrite contents of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file behind you. Please check how they change <emphasis role=\"strong\">e/n/i</emphasis> file by yourself."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12776
msgid "They may not understand complicated advanced configuration done manually in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> file."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12779
msgid "Automatic network configuration"
msgstr "自動ネットワーク設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12780
msgid "There are independent automatic network configuration tools, such as <ulink url=\"&networkmanagernm;\">NetworkManager (NM)</ulink> (<literal>network-manager</literal> and associated packages) and <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> (<literal>wicd</literal> package) which manage network connection via <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> independen of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package. They allow easy management of wireless connections.  These come with its own nice GUI user interfaces."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12782
msgid "Do not use these automatic network configuration tools for servers.  These are aimed primarily for mobile desktop users on laptops."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12783
msgid "These automatic network configuration tools may not be compatible with esoteric configurations of <literal>ifupdown</literal> in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> such as ones in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown\"/>.  Having even \"<literal>hostname</literal>\" stanza for DHCP controlled interface as described in <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/> caused NM to ignore such interface in <literal>lenny</literal>. Check <ulink url=\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">BTS of network-manager</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&btsofwicd;\">BTS of wicd</ulink> for current issues and limitations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12784
msgid "The configuration of NM is described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/network-manager/README.Debian</literal>\".  Essentially:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12789
msgid "Make desktop user, e.g. <literal>foo</literal>, belong to group \"<literal>netdev</literal>\" by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12791
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo adduser foo netdev"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12795
msgid "Keep configuration of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> as simple as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12805
msgid "Restart NM by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12807
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager restart"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12810
msgid "Only interfaces which are <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> listed in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> or which have been configured with \"<literal>auto …</literal>\" or \"<literal>allow-hotplug …</literal>\" and \"<literal>iface … inet dhcp</literal>\" (with no other options) are managed by NM to avoid conflict with <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12811
msgid "The configuration of <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink> is described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wicd/README.Debian</literal>\".  Essentially:"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:12816
msgid "Make configuration in <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> only as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12823
msgid "Restart Wicd."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12825
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/wicd restart"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12831
msgid "The low level network configuration"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12833
msgid "Iproute2 commands"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12834
msgid "<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">Iproute2</ulink> commands offer complete low-level network configuration capabilities. Here is a translation table from obsolete <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> commands to new <ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink> etc. commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12837
msgid "Translation table from obsolete <literal>net-tools</literal> commands to new <literal>iproute2</literal> commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12845
msgid "obsolete net-tools"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12848
msgid "new iproute2 etc."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12851
msgid "manipulation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12858
msgid "<literal>ifconfig</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12861
msgid "<literal>ip addr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12864
msgid "protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12869
msgid "<literal>route</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12872
msgid "<literal>ip route</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12875
msgid "routing table entry."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12880
msgid "<literal>arp</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12883
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13001
msgid "<literal>ip neigh</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12886
msgid "ARP or NDISC cache entry."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12891
msgid "<literal>ipmaddr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12894
msgid "<literal>ip maddr</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12897
msgid "multicast address."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12902
msgid "<literal>iptunnel</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12905
msgid "<literal>ip tunnel</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12908
msgid "tunnel over IP."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12913
msgid "<literal>nameif</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12916
msgid "<literal>ifrename</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12919
msgid "name network interfaces based on MAC addresses."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12924
msgid "<literal>mii-tool</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12927
msgid "<literal>ethtool</literal>(8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12930
msgid "Ethernet device settings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12936
msgid "See <literal>ip</literal>(8) and <ulink url=\"&iproutecutilitysuitehowto;\">IPROUTE2 Utility Suite Howto</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12940
msgid "Safe lower level network operations"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12941
msgid "You may use the lower level network commands as follows safely since they do not change network configuration:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12944
msgid "List of lower level network commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12961
msgid "<literal>ifconfig</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12964
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12972
msgid "displays the link and address status of active interfaces"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12969
msgid "<literal>ip addr show</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12977
msgid "<literal>route -n</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12980
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12988
msgid "displays all the routing table in numerical addresses"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12985
msgid "<literal>ip route show</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12993
msgid "<literal>arp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:12996
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13004
msgid "displays the current content of the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> cache tables"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13009
msgid "<literal>plog</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13012
msgid "display ppp daemon log"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13017
msgid "<literal>ping yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13020
msgid "check Internet connection to yahoo.com"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13025
msgid "<literal>whois yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13028
msgid "check who registered \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" in the domains database"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13033
msgid "<literal>traceroute yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13036
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13044
msgid "trace Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13041
msgid "<literal>tracepath yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13049
msgid "<literal>mtr yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13052
msgid "trace Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" (repeatedly)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13057
msgid "<literal>dig [@dns-server.com] example.com [{a|mx|any}]</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13060
msgid "check \"<literal>example.com</literal>\" <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> records by \"<literal>dns-server.com</literal>\" for a \"<literal>a</literal>\", \"<literal>mx</literal>\", or \"<literal>any</literal>\" record"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13065
msgid "<literal>iptables -L -n</literal>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13068
msgid "check packet filter"
msgstr "パケットフィルターの確認"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13073
msgid "<literal>netstat -a</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13076
msgid "find all open ports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13081
msgid "<literal>netstat -l --inet</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13084
msgid "find listening ports"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13089
msgid "<literal>netstat -ln --tcp</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13092
msgid "find listening TCP ports (numeric)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13097
msgid "<literal>dlint example.com</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13100
msgid "check DNS zone information of \"<literal>examle.org</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13106
msgid "Some of these lower level network configuration tools reside in \"<literal>/sbin/</literal>\".  You may need to issue full command path such as \"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\" or add \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" to the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" list in your \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13110
msgid "Network optimization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13111
msgid "Generic network optimization is beyond the scope of this documentation.  I will touch only subjects pertinent to the consumer grade connection."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13114
msgid "List of network optimization tools."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13138
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iftop\"> <literal>iftop</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13141
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iftop\">&pop-iftop;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iftop\">&pop-iftop;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13142
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iftop.html\">&size-iftop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13144
msgid "displays bandwidth usage information on an network interface"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13148
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iperf\"> <literal>iperf</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13151
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iperf\">&pop-iperf;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iperf\">&pop-iperf;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13152
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iperf.html\">&size-iperf;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13154
msgid "Internet Protocol bandwidth measuring tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13158
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/apt-spy\"> <literal>apt-spy</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13161
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-spy\">&pop-aptspy;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/apt-spy\">&pop-aptspy;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13162
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt-spy.html\">&size-aptspy;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13164
msgid "writes a sources.list file based on bandwidth tests"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13168
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ifstat\"> <literal>ifstat</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13171
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ifstat\">&pop-ifstat;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13172
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ifstat.html\">&size-ifstat;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13174
msgid "InterFace STATistics Monitoring"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13178
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bmon\"> <literal>bmon</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13181
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bmon\">&pop-bmon;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bmon\">&pop-bmon;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13182
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bmon.html\">&size-bmon;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13184
msgid "portable bandwidth monitor and rate estimator"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13188
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ethstatus\"> <literal>ethstatus</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13191
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ethstatus\">&pop-ethstatus;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13192
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/ethstatus.html\">&size-ethstatus;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13194
msgid "script that quickly measures network device throughput"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13198
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bing\"> <literal>bing</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bing\"> <literal>bing</literal> </ulink>"

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13201
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bing\">&pop-bing;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bing\">&pop-bing;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13202
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bing.html\">&size-bing;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13204
msgid "Empirical stochastic bandwidth tester"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13208
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/bwm-ng\"> <literal>bwm-ng</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13211
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/bwm-ng\">&pop-bwmng;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13212
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/b/bwm-ng.html\">&size-bwmng;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13214
msgid "small and simple console-based bandwidth monitor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13218
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ethstats\"> <literal>ethstats</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13221
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ethstats\">&pop-ethstats;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13222
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/ethstats.html\">&size-ethstats;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13224
msgid "console-based Ethernet statistics monitor"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13228
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ipfm\"> <literal>ipfm</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13231
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ipfm\">&pop-ipfm;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ipfm\">&pop-ipfm;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13232
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ipfm.html\">&size-ipfm;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13234
msgid "a bandwidth analysis tool"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13241
msgid "Finding optimal MTU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13242
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&maximumtransmissionunitmtu;\">Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)</ulink> value can be determined experimentally with <literal>ping</literal>(8) with \"<literal>-M do</literal>\" option which sends ICMP packets with data size starting from 1500 (with offset of 28 bytes for the IP+ICMP header) and finding the largest size without IP fragmentation. For example:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13244
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ping -c 1 -s $((1500-28)) -M do www.debian.org\n"
"PING www.debian.org (194.109.137.218) 1472(1500) bytes of data.\n"
"From 192.168.11.2 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1454)\n"
"\n"
"--- www.debian.org ping statistics ---\n"
"0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13253
msgid "… try 1454 instead of 1500"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13258
msgid "The <literal>ping</literal>(8) command succeed"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13262
msgid "This process is <ulink url=\"&pathmtupmtudiscovery;\">Path MTU (PMTU) discovery</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcbbjb;\">RFC1191</ulink>)and the <literal>tracepath</literal>(8) command can automate this."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13264
msgid "The above example with PMTU value of 1454 is for my previous FTTH provider which used <ulink url=\"&asynchronoustransfermode;\">Asynchronous Transfer Mode</ulink> (ATM) as its backbone network and served its clients with the <ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>.  The actual PMTU value depends on your environment, e.g., 1500 for the my new FTTH provider."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13266
msgid "Basic guide lines of the optimal MTU value"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13274
msgid "network environment"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13277
msgid "MTU"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13280
msgid "rationale"
msgstr "理由"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13287
msgid "Dial-up link (IP: PPP)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13290
msgid "576"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13293
msgid "standard"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13298
msgid "Ethernet link (IP: DHCP or fixed)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13301
msgid "1500"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13304
msgid "standard and default"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13309
msgid "Ethernet link (IP: PPPoE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13312
msgid "1492 (=1500-8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13315
msgid "2 bytes for PPP header and 6 bytes for PPPoE header"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13320
msgid "Ethernet link (ISP's backbone: ATM, IP: DHCP or fixed)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13323
msgid "1462 (=48*31-18-8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13326
msgid "author's speculation: 18 for Ethernet header, 8 for SAR trailer."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13331
msgid "Ethernet link (ISP's backbone: ATM, IP: PPPoE)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13334
msgid "1454 (=48*31-8-18-8)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13337
msgid "see \"<ulink url=\"&optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections;\">Optimal MTU configuration for PPPoE ADSL Connections</ulink>\" for rationale."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13343
msgid "In addtion to these basic guide lines, you should know:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13348
msgid "Any use of tunneling methods (<ulink url=\"&vpn;\">VPN</ulink> etc.) may reduce optimal MTU further by their overheads."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13353
msgid "The MTU value should not exceed the experimentally determined PMTU value."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13358
msgid "The bigger MTU value is generally better when other limitations are met."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13364
msgid "Setting MTU"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13365
msgid "Here are examples for setting the MTU value from its default 1500 to 1454."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13367
msgid "For the DHCP (see <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/>), you can replace pertinent <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza lines in the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>/e/n/i</literal></emphasis> with, e.g.,:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" hostname \"mymachine\"\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig $IFACE mtu 1454\n"
"}}}\n"
"\n"
"For the static IP (see &lt;&lt;_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip&gt;&gt;), you can replace pertinent '''{{{iface}}}''' stanza lines in the '''{{{/e/n/i}}}''' with, e.g.,:\n"
"{{{\n"
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" broadcast 192.168.11.255\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" mtu 1454\n"
" dns-domain lan\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1\n"
"}}}\n"
"\n"
"For the direct PPPoE (see &lt;&lt;_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf&gt;&gt;), you can replace pertinent '''{{{mtu}}}''' line in the \"{{{/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider}}}\" with:\n"
"{{{\n"
"mtu 1454"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13389
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&maximumsegmentsize;\">maximum segment size</ulink> (MSS) is used as an alternative measure of packet size.  The relationship between MSS and MTU are:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13394
msgid "MSS = MTU - 40 for IPv4"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13399
msgid "MSS = MTU - 60 for IPv6"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13403
msgid "The <literal>iptables</literal>(8) (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter\"/>) based optimization can clamp packet size by the MSS and is useful for the router."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13406
msgid "WAN TCP optimization"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13407
msgid "The TCP throughput can be maximized by adjusting TCP buffer size parameters as described in \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuningguide;\">TCP Tuning Guide</ulink>\" and \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuning;\">TCP tuning</ulink>\" for the modern high-bandwidth and high-latency WAN.  So far, the current Debian default settings serve well even for my LAN connected by the fast 100M bps FTTP service."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13412
msgid "Netfilter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13413
msgid "<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink> provides infrastructure for <ulink url=\"&statefulfirewall;\">stateful firewall</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> with <ulink url=\"&linuxkernel;\">Linux kernel</ulink> modules (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13416
msgid "List of firewall tools."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13446
msgid "administration tools for <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13450
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iptstate\"> <literal>iptstate</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13453
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iptstate\">&pop-iptstate;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13454
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iptstate.html\">&size-iptstate;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13456
msgid "Tool to continuously monitor <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> state. (similar to <literal>top</literal>(1))"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13460
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/shorewall-perl\"> <literal>shorewall-perl</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13463
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/shorewall-perl\">&pop-shorewallperl;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13464
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/shorewall-perl.html\">&size-shorewallperl;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13466
msgid "<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator (Perl-based, recommended for <literal>lenny</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13470
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/shorewall-shell\"> <literal>shorewall-shell</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13473
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/shorewall-shell\">&pop-shorewallshell;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13474
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/shorewall-shell.html\">&size-shorewallshell;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13476
msgid "<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator (shell-based, alternative for <literal>lenny</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13480
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ipmasq\"> <literal>ipmasq</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13483
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ipmasq\">&pop-ipmasq;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13484
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ipmasq.html\">&size-ipmasq;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13486
msgid "Simple set of init script to configure <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> (old)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13492
msgid "Main user space program of <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> is <literal>iptables</literal>(8).  You can manually configure <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> interactively from shell, save its state with <literal>iptables-save</literal>(8), and restore it via init script with <literal>iptables-restore</literal>(8) upon system reboot."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13494
msgid "Configuration helper scripts such as <ulink url=\"&shorewall;\">shorewall</ulink> ease this process."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13496
msgid "See documentation at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation;\">http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/</ulink> (or in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/iptables/html/</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13501
msgid "<ulink url=\"&linuxnetworkingconceptshowto;\">Linux Networking-concepts HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13506
msgid "<ulink url=\"&linuxcepacketfilteringhowto;\">Linux 2.4 Packet Filtering HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13511
msgid "<ulink url=\"&linuxcenathowto;\">Linux 2.4 NAT HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13515
msgid "Although these were written for Linux <emphasis role=\"strong\">2.4</emphasis>, both <literal>iptables</literal>(8) command and netfilter kernel function apply for current Linux <emphasis role=\"strong\">2.6</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13519
msgid "Network applications"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13520
msgid "After establishing network connectivity (see <xref linkend=\"_network_setup\"/>), you can run verious network applications."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13523
msgid "Web browsers"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13524
msgid "There are many <ulink url=\"&webbrowser;\">web browser</ulink> packages to access remote contents with <ulink url=\"&hypertexttransferprotocol;\">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</ulink> (HTTP)."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13527
msgid "List of web browsers."
msgstr "ウェッブブラウザのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13551
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14672
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iceweasel\"> <literal>iceweasel</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13554
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14675
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iceweasel\">&pop-iceweasel;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13555
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14676
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iceweasel.html\">&size-iceweasel;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13557
msgid "Web browser (X) (<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink url=\"&mozillafirefox;\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink>, )"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13561
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/iceape-browser\"> <literal>iceape-browser</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13564
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/iceape-browser\">&pop-iceapebrowser;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13565
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/iceape-browser.html\">&size-iceapebrowser;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13567
msgid "Web browser (X) (<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink> browser, removed due to security concerns <ulink url=\"&bugfaffgf;\">bug#505565</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13571
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/epiphany-browser\"> <literal>epiphany-browser</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13574
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/epiphany-browser\">&pop-epiphanybrowser;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13575
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/epiphany-browser.html\">&size-epiphanybrowser;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13577
msgid "Web browser (X) (<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> <ulink url=\"&hig;\">HIG</ulink> compliant browser, <ulink url=\"&epiphany;\">Epiphany</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13581
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/galeon\"> <literal>galeon</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13584
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/galeon\">&pop-galeon;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13585
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/galeon.html\">&size-galeon;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13587
msgid "Web browser (X) (<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> browser, <ulink url=\"&galeon;\">Galeon</ulink> was superseded by <ulink url=\"&epiphany;\">Epiphany</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13591
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/konqueror\"> <literal>konqueror</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13594
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/konqueror\">&pop-konqueror;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13595
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/konqueror.html\">&size-konqueror;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13597
msgid "Web browser (X) (<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink> browser, <ulink url=\"&konqueror;\">Konqueror</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13607
msgid "Web browser (text) (<ulink url=\"&wdm;\">w3m</ulink>)"
msgstr "ウエッブブラウザ（テキスト）(<ulink url=\"&wdm;\">w3m</ulink>)"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13611
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27401
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/lynx\"> <literal>lynx</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13614
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27404
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/lynx\">&pop-lynx;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/lynx\">&pop-lynx;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13615
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27405
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/lynx.html\">&size-lynx;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13621
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27414
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/elinks\"> <literal>elinks</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13624
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27417
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/elinks\">&pop-elinks;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/elinks\">&pop-elinks;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13625
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27418
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/elinks.html\">&size-elinks;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13631
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27427
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/links\"> <literal>links</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13634
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27430
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/links\">&pop-links;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/links\">&pop-links;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13635
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27431
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/links.html\">&size-links;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13641
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27440
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/links2\"> <literal>links2</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13644
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27443
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/links2\">&pop-linksc;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/links2\">&pop-linksc;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13645
#: debian-reference.en.xml:27444
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/l/links2.html\">&size-linksc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13654
msgid "Browser configuration"
msgstr "ブラウザ設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13655
msgid "You may be able to use following special URL strings for some browsers to confirm their settings."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13660
msgid "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13665
msgid "\"<literal>about:config</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13670
msgid "\"<literal>about:plugins</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13674
msgid "Debian offers many free browser plugin packages in the main component which can handle not only <ulink url=\"&javasoftwareplatform;\">Java (software platform)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&flash;\">Flash</ulink> but also <ulink url=\"&mpeg;\">MPEG</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpegc;\">MPEG2</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpege;\">MPEG4</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&divx;\">DivX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&windowsmediavideowmv;\">Windows Media Video (.wmv)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&quicktimemov;\">QuickTime (.mov)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpdmpd;\">MP3 (.mp3)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&oggvorbis;\">Ogg/Vorbis</ulink> files, DVDs, VCDs, etc.  Debian also offers helper programs to install non-free browser plugin packages as contrib or non-free components."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13677
msgid "List of browser plugin packages."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13705
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/icedtea-gcjwebplugin\"> <literal>icedtea-gcjwebplugin</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13708
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/icedtea-gcjwebplugin\">&pop-icedteagcjwebplugin;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13709
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/icedtea-gcjwebplugin.html\">&size-icedteagcjwebplugin;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13711
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13737
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13750
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13776
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13789
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13802
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13815
msgid "main"
msgstr "main"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13714
msgid "Java plugin using Hotspot JIT"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13718
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sun-java6-plugin\"> <literal>sun-java6-plugin</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13721
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sun-java6-plugin\">&pop-sunjavagplugin;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13722
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sun-java6-plugin.html\">&size-sunjavagplugin;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13724
msgid "non-free"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13727
msgid "Java plugin for Sun's Java SE 6 (i386 only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13731
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/swfdec-mozilla\"> <literal>swfdec-mozilla</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13734
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/swfdec-mozilla\">&pop-swfdecmozilla;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13735
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/swfdec-mozilla.html\">&size-swfdecmozilla;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13740
msgid "Flash plugin based on libswfdec"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13744
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mozilla-plugin-gnash\"> <literal>mozilla-plugin-gnash</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13747
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mozilla-plugin-gnash\">&pop-mozillaplugingnash;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13748
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mozilla-plugin-gnash.html\">&size-mozillaplugingnash;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13753
msgid "Flash plugin based on Gnash"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13757
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/flashplugin-nonfree\"> <literal>flashplugin-nonfree</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13760
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/flashplugin-nonfree\">&pop-flashpluginnonfree;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13761
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/f/flashplugin-nonfree.html\">&size-flashpluginnonfree;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13763
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13828
msgid "contrib"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13766
msgid "Flash plugin helper to install Adobe Flash Player (i386, amd64 only)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13770
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mozilla-bonobo\"> <literal>mozilla-bonobo</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13773
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mozilla-bonobo\">&pop-mozillabonobo;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13774
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mozilla-bonobo.html\">&size-mozillabonobo;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13779
msgid "Mozilla plugin support for GNOME Bonobo components"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13783
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mozilla-plugin-vlc\"> <literal>mozilla-plugin-vlc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13786
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mozilla-plugin-vlc\">&pop-mozillapluginvlc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13787
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mozilla-plugin-vlc.html\">&size-mozillapluginvlc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13792
msgid "Multimedia plugin based on <ulink url=\"&vlcmediaplayer;\">VLC media player</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13796
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/totem-mozilla\"> <literal>totem-mozilla</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13799
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/totem-mozilla\">&pop-totemmozilla;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13800
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/t/totem-mozilla.html\">&size-totemmozilla;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13805
msgid "Multimedia plugin based on <ulink url=\"&gnomestotemmediaplayer;\">GNOME's Totem media player</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13809
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gecko-mediaplayer\"> <literal>gecko-mediaplayer</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13812
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gecko-mediaplayer\">&pop-geckomediaplayer;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13813
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gecko-mediaplayer.html\">&size-geckomediaplayer;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13818
msgid "Multimedia plugin based on (GNOME) <ulink url=\"&mplayer;\">MPlayer</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13822
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nspluginwrapper\"> <literal>nspluginwrapper</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13825
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nspluginwrapper\">&pop-nspluginwrapper;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13826
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nspluginwrapper.html\">&size-nspluginwrapper;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13831
msgid "A wrapper to run i386 Netscape plugins on amd64 architecture"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13837
msgid "Although use of above Debian packages are much easier, browser plugins can be still manually enabled by installing \"*.so\" into plugin directories (e.g., \"<literal>/usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins/</literal>\") and restarting browsers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13838
msgid "Some web sites refuse to be connected based on the user-agent string of your browser.  You can work around this situation by <ulink url=\"&spoofingtheuseragentstring;\">spoofing the user-agent string</ulink>.  For exaple, you can do this by adding:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13840
#, no-wrap
msgid "user_pref{\"general.useragent.override\",\"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)\"};"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13841
msgid "into user configuration files such as \"<literal>~/.gnome2/epiphany/mozilla/epiphany/user.js</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/user.js</literal>\". Alternatively, you can add and reset this variable by typing \"<literal>about:config</literal>\" into URL and right clicking its display contents."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13843
msgid "Spoofed user-agent string may cause <ulink url=\"&badsideeffectswithjava;\">bad side effects with Java</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13847
msgid "The mail system"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13848
msgid "If you are to set up the mail server to exchange mail directly with the Internet, you should be better than reading this elementary document."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13850
msgid "Modern mail service basics"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13851
msgid "In order to contain spam (unwanted and unsolicited e-mail) problems, many ISPs which provide consumer grade Internet connection are implementing counter measures:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13856
msgid "The smarthost service for their customers to send message uses the message submission port (587) specified in <ulink url=\"&rfceeaj;\">rfc4409</ulink> with the password (<ulink url=\"&smtpauth;\">SMTP AUTH</ulink> service) specified in <ulink url=\"&rfcejfe;\">rfc4954</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13861
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port (25) connection from their internal network hosts (except ISP's own outgoing mail server) to the Internet are blocked."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13866
msgid "The <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port (25) connection to the ISP's incoming mail server from some suspicious external network hosts are blocked.  (The connection from hosts on the dynamic IP address range used by the dial-up and other consumer grade Internet connections are the first ones to be blocked.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13870
msgid "When configuring your mail system or resolving mail delivery problems, you must consider these new limitations."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13872
msgid "In light of these hostile Internet situation and limitations, some independent Internet mail ISPs such as Yahoo.com and Gmail.com offer the secure mail service which can be connected from anywhere on the Internet using <ulink url=\"&transportlayerseesocketslayerssl;\">Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)</ulink> :"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13877
msgid "The smarthost service for their customers to send message uses the SMTP/SSL port (465) or the message submission port (587) with the password (SMTP AUTH service)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13882
msgid "The incoming mail is accessible at the TLS/POP3 port (995) with <ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13886
msgid "It is not realistic to run SMTP server on consumer grade network to send mail directly to the remote host reliably.  They are very likely to be rejected.  You must use some smarthost services offered by your connection ISP or independent mail ISPs.  For the simplicity, I will assume that the smarthost is located at \"<literal>smtp.hostname.dom</literal>\", requires <ulink url=\"&smtpauth;\">SMTP AUTH</ulink>, and uses the message submission port (587) in the following text."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13889
msgid "Basic mail software choice"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13891
msgid "List of popular mail system for workstation."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13915
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14500
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/exim4-daemon-light\"> <literal>exim4-daemon-light</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13918
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14503
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/exim4-daemon-light\">&pop-eximedaemonlight;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13919
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14504
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/exim4-daemon-light.html\">&size-eximedaemonlight;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13921
msgid "Exim4 mail transport agent (MTA: Debian default)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13925
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/exim4-base\"> <literal>exim4-base</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13928
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/exim4-base\">&pop-eximebase;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/exim4-base\">&pop-eximebase;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13929
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/exim4-base.html\">&size-eximebase;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13931
msgid "Exim4 documentation (text) and common files"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13935
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/exim4-doc-html\"> <literal>exim4-doc-html</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13938
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/exim4-doc-html\">&pop-eximedochtml;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13939
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/exim4-doc-html.html\">&size-eximedochtml;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13941
msgid "Exim4 documentation (html)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13945
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/exim4-doc-info\"> <literal>exim4-doc-info</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13948
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/exim4-doc-info\">&pop-eximedocinfo;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13949
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/exim4-doc-info.html\">&size-eximedocinfo;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13951
msgid "Exim4 documentation (info)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13955
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14510
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/postfix\"> <literal>postfix</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13958
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14513
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/postfix\">&pop-postfix;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13959
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14514
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/postfix.html\">&size-postfix;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13961
msgid "Postfix mail transport agent (MTA: alternative)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13965
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/postfix-doc\"> <literal>postfix-doc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13968
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/postfix-doc\">&pop-postfixdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13969
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/postfix-doc.html\">&size-postfixdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13971
msgid "Postfix documentation (html+text)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13975
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sasl2-bin\"> <literal>sasl2-bin</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:13978
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sasl2-bin\">&pop-saslcbin;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sasl2-bin\">&pop-saslcbin;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13979
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sasl2-bin.html\">&size-saslcbin;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13981
msgid "Cyrus SASL API implementation (supplement postfix for SMTP-AUTH)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13985
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/cyrus-sasl2-doc\"> <literal>cyrus-sasl2-doc</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13988
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/cyrus-sasl2-doc\">&pop-cyrussaslcdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13989
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/cyrus-sasl2-doc.html\">&size-cyrussaslcdoc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13991
msgid "Cyrus SASL - documentation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13995
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14754
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/fetchmail\"> <literal>fetchmail</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13998
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14757
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/fetchmail\">&pop-fetchmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:13999
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14758
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/f/fetchmail.html\">&size-fetchmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14001
msgid "Remote mail retrieval and forwarding utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14005
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14895
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/procmail\"> <literal>procmail</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14008
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14898
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/procmail\">&pop-procmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14009
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14899
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/procmail.html\">&size-procmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14011
msgid "Mail filter utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14015
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14702
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mutt\"> <literal>mutt</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14018
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14705
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mutt\">&pop-mutt;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mutt\">&pop-mutt;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14019
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14706
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mutt.html\">&size-mutt;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14021
msgid "Mail user agent (MUA) to read/write the mail usually used with <literal>vim</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14027
msgid "The choice between <literal>exim4-*</literal> and <literal>postfix</literal> packages is really up to you."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14029
msgid "Although the popcon vote count of exim4 looks several times popular than that of postfix, this does not mean postfix is not popular with Debian developers.  The Debian server system uses both exim4 and postfix.  The <ulink url=\"&mailheaderanalysis;\">mail header analysis</ulink> of mailing list postings from prominent Debian developers also indicate both of these MTAs are as popular."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14031
msgid "The <literal>exim4-*</literal> packages are known to have very small memory consumption and very flexible for its configuration.  The <literal>postfix</literal> package is known to be compact, fast, simple, and secure.  Both come with ample documentation and are as good in quality and license."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14035
msgid "The mail configuration strategy for workstation"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14036
msgid "The most simple mail configuration is that the mail is sent to the ISP's smarthost and received from ISP's POP3 server by the MUA itself. This type of configuration is popular with full featured GUI based mail user agent (MUA) such as <literal>icedove</literal>(1), <literal>evolution</literal>(1), etc.. If you need to filter mail by their types, you use MUA's filtering function. For this case, the local mail transport agent (MTA) need to do local delivery only."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14038
msgid "The alternative mail configuration is that the mail is sent via local MTA to the ISP's smarthost and received from ISP's POP3 by <literal>fetchmail</literal>(1) to the local mailbox.  If you need to filter mail by their types, you use <literal>procmail</literal>(1) to filter mail into separate mailboxes.  This type of configuration is popular with simple console based MUA such as <literal>mutt</literal>(1), <literal>gnus</literal>(1), etc., although this is possible with any MUAs. For this case, the local MTA need to do both smarthost delivery and local delivery."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14041
msgid "The configuration of exim4"
msgstr "exim4設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14042
msgid "For Internet via smarthost, you (re)configure <literal>exim4-*</literal> packages as follows:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14044
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-conf"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14049
msgid "Chose \"mail sent by smarthost; received via SMTP or fetchmail\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14054
msgid "Set \"IP address or host name of the outgoing smarthost:\" to \"smtp.hostname.dom:587\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14059
msgid "Reply to \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-Demand)?\" as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14064
msgid "\"No\" if the system is connected to Internet while booting, or"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14069
msgid "\"Yes\" if the system is <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> connected to Internet while booting."
msgstr "もしシステムが起動時にインターネットに接続されてい<emphasis role=\"strong\">ない</emphasis>場合は、\"Yes\"。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14075
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo vim /etc/exim4/passwd.client"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14079
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14185
msgid "Create password entries for the smarthost."
msgstr "スマートホストのパスワードエントリを作成。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14083
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cat /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
"^smtp.*\\.hostname\\.dom:username@hostname.dom:password\n"
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 start"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14086
msgid "The host name in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" should not be the alias.  You check the real host name with:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14088
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ host smtp.hostname.dom\n"
"smtp.hostname.dom is an alias for smtp99.hostname.dom.\n"
"smtp99.hostname.dom has address 123.234.123.89"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14091
msgid "I use regex in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" to work around the alias issue so even if the ISP moves host pointed by the alias, SMTP AUTH will likely be working."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14093
msgid "You must execute <literal>update-exim4.conf</literal>(8) after manually updating <literal>exim4</literal> configuration files in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><caution><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14094
msgid "Starting <literal>exim4</literal> will take long time if \"No\" (default value) was chosen for the debconf query of \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-Demand)?\" and the system is <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> connected to Internet while booting."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><note><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14095
msgid "Please read the official guide at: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/exim4-base/README.Debian.gz</literal>\" and <literal>update-exim4.conf</literal>(8)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14096
msgid "Local customization file \"<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.localmacros</literal>\" may be created to set MACROs.  For example, <ulink url=\"&yahoo;\">Yahoo</ulink>'s mail service is said to require \"<literal>MAIN_TLS_ENABLE = true</literal>\" and \"<literal>AUTH_CLIENT_ALLOW_NOTLS_PASSWORDS = yes</literal>\" in it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14099
msgid "The configuration of postfix with SASL"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14100
msgid "For Internet via smarthost, you should first read <ulink url=\"&postfixdocumentation;\">postfix documentation</ulink> and key manual pages:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14103
msgid "List of important postfix manual pages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14120
msgid "<literal>postfix</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14123
msgid "Postfix control program"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14128
msgid "<literal>postconf</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14131
msgid "Postfix configuration utility"
msgstr "Postfixの設定ユーティリティ"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14136
msgid "<literal>postconf</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14139
msgid "Postfix configuration parameters"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14144
msgid "<literal>postmap</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14147
msgid "Postfix lookup table maintenance"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14152
msgid "<literal>postalias</literal>(1)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14155
msgid "Postfix alias database maintenance"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14161
msgid "You (re)configure <literal>postfix</literal> and <literal>sasl2-bin</literal> packages as follows:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14163
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14168
msgid "Chose \"Internet with smarthost\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14173
msgid "Set \"SMTP relay host (blank for none):\" to \"<literal>[smtp.hostname.dom]:587</literal>\""
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14177
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_type = cyrus'\n"
"$ sudo vim /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14189
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cat /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd\n"
"[smtp.hostname.dom]:587     username:password\n"
"$ sudo postmap hush:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd\n"
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14193
msgid "Here the use of \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the dpkg-reconfigure dialogue and \"<literal>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</literal>\" ensures not to check MX record but directly use exact hostname specified.  Read more for \"Enabling SASL authentication in the Postfix SMTP client\" in \"<literal>usr/share/doc/postfix/html/SASL_README.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14197
msgid "The mail address configuration"
msgstr "メールアドレス設定"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14198
msgid "There are a few <ulink url=\"&mailaddressconfieryanduseragents;\">mail address configuration files for mail transport, delivery and user agents</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14201
msgid "List of mail address related configuration files."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14215
msgid "application"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14222
msgid "<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14225
msgid "default host name for (outgoing) mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14228
msgid "Debian specific, <literal>mailname</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14233
msgid "<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14236
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14247
msgid "host name spoofing for outgoing mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14239
msgid "<literal>exim</literal>(8) specific, <literal>exim4-config_files</literal>(5)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14244
msgid "<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14250
msgid "<literal>postfix</literal>(1) specific, activated after <literal>postmap</literal>(1) command execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14255
msgid "<literal>/etc/aliases</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14258
msgid "account name alias for incoming mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14261
msgid "general, activated after <literal>newaliases</literal>(1) command execution."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14267
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> in the \"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" file is usually a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) that resolves to one of the host's IP addresses.  The mobile workstation which does not have a hostname with resolvable IP address, set this <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> to the value of \"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\". (This is safe choice and works for both <literal>exim4-*</literal> and <literal>postfix</literal>.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14269
msgid "The contents of \"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" is used by many non-MTA programs for their default behavior. For <literal>mutt</literal>, set \"<literal>hostname</literal>\" and \"<literal>from</literal>\" variables in <literal>~/muttrc</literal> file to override the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> value.  For programs in the <literal>devscripts</literal> package, such as <literal>bts</literal>(1) and <literal>dch</literal>(1), export environment variables \"<literal>$DEBFULLNAME</literal>\" and \"<literal>$DEBEMAIL</literal>\" to override it."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14270
msgid "When setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> to \"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\", the spoofing of the source mail address via MTA can be realized by:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14275
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>\" file for <literal>exim4</literal>(8) as explained in the <literal>exim4-config_files</literal>(5), and"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14280
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>\" file for <literal>postfix</literal>(1) as explained in the <literal>generic</literal>(5)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14284
msgid "For <literal>postfix</literal>, the following extra steps are needed:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14286
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# postmap hash:/etc/postfix/generic\n"
"# postconf -e 'smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic'\n"
"# postfix reload"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14289
msgid "You check filters using:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14294
msgid "<literal>exim</literal>(8) with <literal>-brw, -bf, -bF, -bV, …</literal> options."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14299
msgid "<literal>postmap</literal>(1) with <literal>-q</literal> option."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14303
msgid "Exim comes with several utility programs such as <literal>exiqgrep</literal>(8) and <literal>exipick</literal>(8).  See \"<literal>dpkg -L exim4-base|grep man8/</literal>\" for available commands."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14307
msgid "Tips for managing the mail"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14309
msgid "Basic MTA operations"
msgstr "基本的なMTAの操作"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14310
msgid "There are several basic MTA operations.  Some may be performed via <literal>sendmail</literal>(1) compatibility interface."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14313
msgid "List of basic MTA operation."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14321
msgid "exim command"
msgstr "eximコマンド"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14324
msgid "postfix command"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14334
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14337
msgid "<literal>sendmail</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14340
msgid "Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery. (<literal>-bm</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14345
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14348
msgid "<literal>mailq</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14351
msgid "List the mail queue with status and queue ID. (<literal>-bp</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14356
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14359
msgid "<literal>newaliases</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14362
msgid "Initialize alias database. (<literal>-I</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14367
msgid "<literal>exim4 -q</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14370
msgid "<literal>postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14373
msgid "flush waiting mail (<literal>-q</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14378
msgid "<literal>exim4 -qf</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14381
msgid "<literal>postsuper -r ALL deferred; postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14384
msgid "flush all mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14389
msgid "<literal>exim4 -qff</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14392
msgid "<literal>postsuper -r ALL; postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14395
msgid "flush even frozen mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14400
msgid "<literal>exim4 -Mg queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14403
msgid "<literal>postsuper -h queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14406
msgid "freeze one message by its queue ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14411
msgid "<literal>exim4 -Mrm queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14414
msgid "<literal>postsuper -d queue_id</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14417
msgid "remove one message by its queue ID"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14422
msgid "---"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14425
msgid "<literal>postsuper -d ALL</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14428
msgid "remove all messages"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14434
msgid "For the script in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/ip-up.d/*</literal>\", \"flush all mail\" may be good idea."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14438
msgid "Basic MUA — Mutt"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14439
msgid "Use <literal>mutt</literal> as the mail user agent (MUA) in combination with <literal>vim</literal>. Customize with \"<literal>~/.muttrc</literal>\"; for example:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14441
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# use visual mode and \"gq\" to reformat quotes\n"
"set editor=\"vim -c 'set tw=72 et ft=mail'\"\n"
"#\n"
"# header weeding taken from the manual (Sven's Draconian header weeding)\n"
"#\n"
"ignore *\n"
"unignore from: date subject to cc\n"
"unignore user-agent x-mailer\n"
"hdr_order from subject to cc date user-agent x-mailer\n"
"set hostname=spoof.example.org\n"
"set from=\"First Last &lt;username@example.org&gt;\"\n"
"...."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14453
msgid "Add the following to \"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.mailcap</literal>\" to display HTML mail and MS Word attachments inline:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14455
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal;\n"
"application/msword; /usr/bin/antiword '%s'; copiousoutput; description=\"Microsoft Word Text\"; nametemplate=%s.doc"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14459
msgid "Redeliver mbox contents"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14460
msgid "You need to manually deliver mails to the sorted mailboxes in your home directory from \"<literal>/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;</literal>\" if your home directory became full and <literal>procmail</literal>(1) failed.  After making disk space in the home directory, run:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14462
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} stop\n"
"# formail -s procmail &lt;/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;\n"
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} start"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14468
msgid "Choices of software for the mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14469
msgid "For mail system programs, there are many alternatives developed with different priority.  Here is the overview."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14472
msgid "MTA"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14473
msgid "There are many choices for MTA (mail transfer agent)."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14476
msgid "List of MTA."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14494
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14748
msgid "capability"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14506
msgid "full"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14516
msgid "full (security)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14520
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/exim4-daemon-heavy\"> <literal>exim4-daemon-heavy</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14523
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/exim4-daemon-heavy\">&pop-eximedaemonheavy;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14524
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/exim4-daemon-heavy.html\">&size-eximedaemonheavy;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14526
msgid "full (flexible)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14530
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/sendmail-bin\"> <literal>sendmail-bin</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14533
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sendmail-bin\">&pop-sendmailbin;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/sendmail-bin\">&pop-sendmailbin;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14534
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sendmail-bin.html\">&size-sendmailbin;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14536
msgid "full (only if you are already familiar)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14540
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nullmailer\"> <literal>nullmailer</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14543
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nullmailer\">&pop-nullmailer;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14544
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nullmailer.html\">&size-nullmailer;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14546
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14556
msgid "strip down, no local mail"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14550
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ssmtp\"> <literal>ssmtp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14553
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ssmtp\">&pop-ssmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ssmtp\">&pop-ssmtp;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14554
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/ssmtp.html\">&size-ssmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14560
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/nbsmtp\"> <literal>nbsmtp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14563
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/nbsmtp\">&pop-nbsmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14564
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nbsmtp.html\">&size-nbsmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14566
msgid "?"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14570
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/courier-mta\"> <literal>courier-mta</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14573
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/courier-mta\">&pop-couriermta;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/courier-mta\">&pop-couriermta;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14574
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/courier-mta.html\">&size-couriermta;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14576
msgid "very full (web interface etc.)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14580
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15082
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/xmail\"> <literal>xmail</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14583
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15085
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/xmail\">&pop-xmail;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/xmail\">&pop-xmail;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14584
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15086
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/x/xmail.html\">&size-xmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14586
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14596
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14606
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14626
msgid "light"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14590
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/masqmail\"> <literal>masqmail</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14593
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/masqmail\">&pop-masqmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14594
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/masqmail.html\">&size-masqmail;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14600
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/esmtp\"> <literal>esmtp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14603
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/esmtp\">&pop-esmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/esmtp\">&pop-esmtp;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14604
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/esmtp.html\">&size-esmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14610
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/esmtp-run\"> <literal>esmtp-run</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14613
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/esmtp-run\">&pop-esmtprun;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14614
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/esmtp-run.html\">&size-esmtprun;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14616
msgid "light (sendmail compatibility extension to <literal>esmtp</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14620
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/msmtp\"> <literal>msmtp</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14623
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/msmtp\">&pop-msmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/msmtp\">&pop-msmtp;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14624
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/msmtp.html\">&size-msmtp;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14630
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/msmtp-mta\"> <literal>msmtp-mta</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14633
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/msmtp-mta\">&pop-msmtpmta;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14634
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/msmtp-mta.html\">&size-msmtpmta;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14636
msgid "light (sendmail compatibility extension to <literal>msmtp</literal>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14644
msgid "MUA"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14645
msgid "If you subscribe to Debian related mailing list, it may be a good idea to use such MUA as <literal>mutt</literal> and <literal>gnus</literal> which are the de facto standard for the participant and known to behave as expected."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14648
msgid "List of MUA."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14678
msgid "X GUI (<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink url=\"&mozillafirefox;\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14682
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18080
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/evolution\"> <literal>evolution</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14685
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18083
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/evolution\">&pop-evolution;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14686
#: debian-reference.en.xml:18084
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/e/evolution.html\">&size-evolution;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14688
msgid "X GUI (part of a groupware suite)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14692
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/icedove\"> <literal>icedove</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14695
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/icedove\">&pop-icedove;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14696
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/icedove.html\">&size-icedove;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14698
msgid "X GUI (<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink url=\"&mozillathunderbird;\">Mozilla Thunderbird</ulink>)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14708
msgid "character terminal probably with <literal>vim</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14712
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnus\"> <literal>gnus</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14715
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnus\">&pop-gnus;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/gnus\">&pop-gnus;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14716
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gnus.html\">&size-gnus;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14718
msgid "character terminal under <literal>(x)emacs</literal>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14726
msgid "The remote mail retrieval and forward utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14727
msgid "Although <literal>fetchmail</literal>(1) has been de facto standard for the remote mail retrieval on GNU/Linux, the authour likes <literal>getmail</literal>(1) now.  If you want to reject mail before downloading to save bandwidth, <literal>mailfilter</literal> or <literal>mpop</literal> may be useful.  Whichever mail retriever utilities are used, it is good idea to configure system to deliver retrieved mails to MDA, such as <literal>maildrop</literal>, via pipe."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14730
msgid "List of remote mail retrieval and forward utilities."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14760
msgid "mail retriever (POP3, APOP, IMAP) (old)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14764
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/getmail4\"> <literal>getmail4</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14767
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/getmail4\">&pop-getmaile;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14768
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/getmail4.html\">&size-getmaile;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14770
msgid "mail retriever (POP3, IMAP4, and SDPS) (simple, secure, and reliable)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14774
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mailfilter\"> <literal>mailfilter</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14777
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mailfilter\">&pop-mailfilter;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14778
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mailfilter.html\">&size-mailfilter;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14780
msgid "mail retriever (POP3) with with regex filtering capability"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14784
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mpop\"> <literal>mpop</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14787
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mpop\">&pop-mpop;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mpop\">&pop-mpop;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14788
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mpop.html\">&size-mpop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14790
msgid "mail retriever (POP3) and MDA with filtering capability"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14796
msgid "<literal>getmail</literal>(1) configuration is described in <ulink url=\"&getmaildocumentation;\">getmail documentation</ulink>. Here is my set up to access multiple POP3 accounts as user:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14801
msgid "Create \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\" as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14805
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"set -e\n"
"rcfiles=\"/usr/bin/getmail\"\n"
"for file in $HOME/.getmail/config/* ; do\n"
"  rcfiles=\"$rcfiles --rcfile $file\"\n"
"done\n"
"exec $rcfiles $@"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14815
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14849
msgid "Execute as follows:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14819
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/getmails\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/config\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/log"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14826
msgid "Create configuration files \"<literal>$HOME/.getmail/config/pop3_name</literal>\" for each POP3 acconts as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14830
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[retriever]\n"
"type = SimplePOP3SSLRetriever\n"
"server = pop.example.com\n"
"username =  pop3_name@example.com\n"
"password = secret\n"
"\n"
"[destination]\n"
"type = MDA_external\n"
"path = /usr/bin/maildrop\n"
"unixfrom = True\n"
"'Spam'\n"
"[options]\n"
"verbose = 0\n"
"delete = True\n"
"delivered_to = False\n"
"message_log = ~/.getmail/log/pop3_name.log"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14853
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.getmail/config/*"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14857
msgid "schedule \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\" to run every 15 minutes with <literal>cron</literal>(8) by executing \"<literal>sudo crontab -e -u &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\" and adding following entry:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14861
#, no-wrap
msgid "5,20,35,50 * * * * /usr/local/bin/getmails --quiet"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><tip><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14862
msgid "Problems of POP3 access may not come from <literal>getmail</literal>. Some popular free POP3 services may be violating the POP3 protocol and their SPAM filter may not be perfect.  For example, they may delete messages just after receiving RETR command before receiving DELE command and may quarantined messages into Spam mailbox.  You should minimize damages by configuring them to archive accessed messages and not to delete them. See also <ulink url=\"&somemailwasnotdownloaded;\">\"Some mail was not downloaded\"</ulink>."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14865
msgid "MDA with filter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14866
msgid "Most MTA programs, such as <literal>postfix</literal> and <literal>exim4</literal>, function as MDA (mail delivery agent). There are specialized MDA with filtering capabilities."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14868
msgid "Although <literal>procmail</literal>(1) has been de facto standard for MDA with filter on GNU/Linux, authour likes <literal>maildrop</literal>(1) now.  Whichever filtering utilities are used, it is good idea to configure system to deliver filtered mails to a <ulink url=\"&qmailstylemaildir;\">qmail-style Maildir</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14871
msgid "List of MDA with filter."
msgstr "フィルター付きのMDAのリスト。"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14901
msgid "MDA with filter (old)"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14905
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/mailagent\"> <literal>mailagent</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:14908
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mailagent\">&pop-mailagent;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/mailagent\">&pop-mailagent;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14909
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/mailagent.html\">&size-mailagent;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14911
msgid "MDA with perl filter"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14915
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/maildrop\"> <literal>maildrop</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14918
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/maildrop\">&pop-maildrop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14919
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/m/maildrop.html\">&size-maildrop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14921
msgid "MDA with structured filtering language"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14927
msgid "<literal>maildrop</literal>(1) configuration is described in <ulink url=\"&maildropfilterdocumentation;\">maildropfilter documentation</ulink>.  Here is a configuration example for \"<literal>$HOME/.mailfilter</literal>\":"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14929
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"logfile $HOME/.maildroplog\n"
"# clearly bad looking mails: drop them into X-trash and exit\n"
"if (    /^X-Advertisement/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE/ )\n"
"    to \"$HOME/Maildir/X-trash/\"\n"
"\n"
"# Delivering mailinglist messages\n"
"if (    /^Precedence:.*list/ ||\\\n"
"        /^Precedence:.*bulk/ ||\\\n"
"        /^List-/ ||\\\n"
"        /^X-Distribution:.*bulk/ )\n"
"{\n"
"    if (    /^Resent-Sender.*debian-user-request@lists.debian.org/)\n"
"        to \"$HOME/Maildir/debian-user/\"\n"
"    if (    /^Resent-Sender.*debian-devel-request@lists.debian.org/)\n"
"        to \"$HOME/Maildir/debian-devel/\"\n"
"    if (    /^Resent-Sender.*debian-announce-request@lists.debian.org/)\n"
"        to \"$HOME/Maildir/debian-announce/\"\n"
"    to \"$HOME/Maildir/mailing-list/\"\n"
"}\n"
"to \"$HOME/Maildir/Inbox/\"\n"
"exit"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><warning><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14953
msgid "Unlike <literal>procmail</literal>, <literal>maildrop</literal> does not create missing maildir directories automatically.  You must create them manually using <literal>maildirmake</literal>(1) in advance."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14954
msgid "Equivalent configurartion can be done with <literal>procmail</literal>(1) with \"<literal>$HOME/.procmailrc</literal>\" as:"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><screen>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14956
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir\n"
"DEFAULT=$MAILDIR/Inbox/\n"
"LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/Maillog\n"
"# clearly bad looking mails: drop them into X-trash and exit\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Advertisement\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE\n"
"X-trash/\n"
"\n"
"# Delivering mailinglist messages\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*list\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*bulk\n"
"* 1^0 ^List-\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Distribution:.*bulk\n"
"{\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Return-path:.*debian-devel-admin@debian.or.jp\n"
"jp-debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-user-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-user/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-devel-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-announce-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-announce\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"mailing-list/\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"Inbox/"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14998
msgid "POP3/IMAP4 server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:14999
msgid "If you are to run a private server on LAN, you may consider to run <ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> / <ulink url=\"&imape;\">IMAP4</ulink> server for delivering mail to LAN clients."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15002
msgid "List of POP3/IMAP4 servers."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15030
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/qpopper\"> <literal>qpopper</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15033
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/qpopper\">&pop-qpopper;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15034
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/q/qpopper.html\">&size-qpopper;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15036
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15049
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15062
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15075
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15088
msgid "POP3"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:15039
msgid "Qualcomm enhanced version"
msgstr "拡張Qualcommバージョン"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15043
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/courier-pop\"> <literal>courier-pop</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:15046
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/courier-pop\">&pop-courierpop;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/courier-pop\">&pop-courierpop;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15047
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/courier-pop.html\">&size-courierpop;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15052
msgid "support only the maildir format"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15056
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/ipopd\"> <literal>ipopd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:15059
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ipopd\">&pop-ipopd;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/ipopd\">&pop-ipopd;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15060
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/i/ipopd.html\">&size-ipopd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15065
msgid "formerly part of the University of Washington IMAP package"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15069
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/cyrus-pop3d-2.2\"> <literal>cyrus-pop3d-2.2</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15072
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/cyrus-pop3d-2.2\">&pop-cyruspopddcc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15073
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/cyrus-pop3d-2.2.html\">&size-cyruspopddcc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15078
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15130
msgid "part of the Cyrus IMAPd suite"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15091
msgid "ESMTP/POP3 mail server"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15095
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/courier-imap\"> <literal>courier-imap</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

#: debian-reference.en.xml:15098
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/courier-imap\">&pop-courierimap;</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/courier-imap\">&pop-courierimap;</ulink>"

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15099
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/courier-imap.html\">&size-courierimap;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15101
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15114
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15127
msgid "IMAP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15104
msgid "This provides access to email stored in Maildirs"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15108
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/uw-imapd\"> <literal>uw-imapd</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15111
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/uw-imapd\">&pop-uwimapd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15112
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/u/uw-imapd.html\">&size-uwimapd;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15117
msgid "the University of Washington IMAP"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15121
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/sid/cyrus-imapd-2.2\"> <literal>cyrus-imapd-2.2</literal> </ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15124
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/cyrus-imapd-2.2\">&pop-cyrusimapdcc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15125
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://packages.qa.debian.org/c/cyrus-imapd-2.2.html\">&size-cyrusimapdcc;</ulink>"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15140
msgid "The print server and utility"
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15141
msgid "In the old Unix-like system, the BSD <ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">Line printer daemon</ulink> was the standard.  Since the standard print out format of the free software is PostScript on the Unix like system, some filter system was used along with <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink> to enable printing to the non-PostScript printer."
msgstr ""

# type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara>
#: debian-reference.en.xml:15143
msgid "Recently, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common UNIX Printing System</ulink> (CUPS) is the new de facto standard.  The CUPS uses <ulink url=\"&internetprintingprotocol;\">Internet Printing Protocol</ulink> (IPP). The IPP is now supported by other OSs such as Windows XP and Mac OS X and has became new cross-platform de facto standard for remote printing with bi-directional communication capability."
msgstr ""

# type: Content