# Translation of debian-reference to French # Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Debian French l10n team . # This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-reference package. # # Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) , 2009, 2010. # David Prévot , 2010. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: debian-reference\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-30 10:34+0900\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-11-13 16:55+0100\n" "Last-Translator: David Prévot \n" "Language-Team: French \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 1.0\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the abi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface" # type: Content of the abriefhistoryofdebian entity #. type: Content of the abriefhistoryofdebian entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the acpi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the advancedlinuxsouarchitecturealsa entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:18 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the afireresistantsafe entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:19 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffre-fort" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the agp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:20 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the aixbyibm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:21 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIX" # type: Content of the alioth entity #. type: Content of the alioth entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:22 msgid "http://alioth.debian.org" msgstr "http://alioth.debian.org" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the almquistshell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:23 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the amanda entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Maryland_Automatic_Network_Disk_Archiver" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMANDA_(informatique)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ascii entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:25 debian-reference.en.xmlt:35 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the amigaos entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:26 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the ansiescapecode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:27 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the theapachesoftwarefoundation entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:28 debian-reference.en.xmlt:653 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the apm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:29 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the applebonjourapplerendezvous entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonjour_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Bonjour" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the arial entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:31 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arial" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arial" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the arp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:32 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the arts entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:33 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARts" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARts" # type: Content of the asciidoc entity #. type: Content of the asciidoc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:34 msgid "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=asciidoc" msgstr "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=asciidoc" # type: Content of the asimpleguidetolatexlyx entity #. type: Content of the asimpleguidetolatexlyx entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:36 msgid "http://www.stat.rice.edu/~helpdesk/howto/lyxguide.html" msgstr "http://www.stat.rice.edu/~helpdesk/howto/lyxguide.html" # type: Content of the associatesipaddrseswithhostnames entity #. type: Content of the associatesipaddrseswithhostnames entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:37 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/316099" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/316099" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the asynchronoustransfermode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:38 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_transfer_mode" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the atp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:39 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleTalk" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleTalk" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the planj entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:40 debian-reference.en.xmlt:519 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" # type: Content of the atutorialintroductiontogit entity #. type: Content of the atutorialintroductiontogit entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:41 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html" # type: Content of the atutorialintrodutiontogitparttwo entity #. type: Content of the atutorialintrodutiontogitparttwo entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:42 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial-2.html" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial-2.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the aufs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:43 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the autoconf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:44 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoconf" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoconf" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the awk entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:45 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awk" # type: Content of the backportsorg entity #. type: Content of the httpbackportsdebianorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:46 debian-reference.en.xmlt:277 msgid "http://backports.debian.org" msgstr "http://backports.debian.org" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the backuppc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:47 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuppc" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BackupPC" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bacula entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:48 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacula" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacula" # type: Content of the badsideeffectswithjava entity #. type: Content of the badsideeffectswithjava entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:49 msgid "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=83376" msgstr "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=83376" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the basege entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:50 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64" # type: Content of the basesystem entity #. type: Content of the basesystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:51 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.7" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.7" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bash entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:52 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne-Again_shell" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bazaar entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:53 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar_(logiciel)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the berkeleycsh entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:54 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_shell" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csh" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the berkeleydb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:55 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bigf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:56 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bind entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:57 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the binhex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:58 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BinHex" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BinHex" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bios entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:59 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Input_Output_System" # type: Content of the bitstreamvera entity #. type: Content of the bitstreamvera entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:60 msgid "http://www.gnome.org/fonts/" msgstr "http://www.gnome.org/fonts/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bochs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:61 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bootloader entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:62 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_loader" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorce_(informatique)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bootstrapprocesses entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:63 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorce_(informatique)" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the broadband entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:64 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the bsdlike entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:65 debian-reference.en.xmlt:66 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lineprinterdaemon entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:67 debian-reference.en.xmlt:380 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the btrfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:68 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs" # type: Content of the btsofnetworkmanager entity #. type: Content of the btsofnetworkmanager entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:69 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=network-manager" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=network-manager" # type: Content of the btsofwicd entity #. type: Content of the btsofwicd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:70 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=wicd" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=wicd" # type: Content of the bugebbbcd entity #. type: Content of the bugebbbcd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:71 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/411123" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/411123" # type: Content of the bugfaffgf entity #. type: Content of the bugfaffgf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:72 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/505565" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/505565" # type: Content of the bugfbejda entity #. type: Content of the bugfbejda entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:73 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/514930" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/514930" # type: Content of the thedebianbugtrackingsystembts entity #. type: Content of the bugfhadhh entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:74 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/570377" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/570377" # type: Content of the bugfbejda entity #. type: Content of the bugfjeeja entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:75 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/594490" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/594490" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the burrowswheelerblrtingcompression entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:76 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows-Wheeler_transform" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform%C3%A9e_de_Burrows-Wheeler" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cachingdata entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:77 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_cache" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cardbus entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:78 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_Card#CardBus" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-Card" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cdrkit entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:79 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit" # type: Content of the cdromdvd entity #. type: Content of the cdromdvd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:80 msgid "http://www.debian.org/CD/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/CD/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the commongatewayinterface entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:81 debian-reference.en.xmlt:95 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the chainloading entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:82 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the chap entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:83 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-handshake_authentication_protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-Handshake_Authentication_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the characterencoding entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:84 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codage_de_caract%C3%A8res" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the chroot entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:85 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cprogramminglanguage entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:86 debian-reference.en.xmlt:112 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(langage)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cjk entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:87 debian-reference.en.xmlt:88 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinois,_japonais_et_cor%C3%A9en" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cloop entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:89 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop" # type: Content of the codeexamplesofcrgjjbottlesofbeer entity #. type: Content of the codeexamplesofcrgjjbottlesofbeer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:90 msgid "http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/" msgstr "http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/" # type: Content of the codename entity #. type: Content of the codename entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:91 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#codenames" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#codenames" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the codepage entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:92 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_de_code" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the codesetalwayssettoutfi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:93 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeset" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codage_de_caract%C3%A8res" # type: Content of the commandlineprintingandoptions entity #. type: Content of the commandlineprintingandoptions entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:94 msgid "http://localhost:631/help/options.html" msgstr "http://localhost:631/help/options.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the commonunixprintingsystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:96 debian-reference.en.xmlt:97 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the comparisonofplatmvirtualmachines entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:98 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the computerdatastoragemedia entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:99 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockage_d%27information" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the computerfonts entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:100 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_font" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_matricielle" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the couriernew entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:101 debian-reference.en.xmlt:102 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cpbcfb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:103 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1251" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1251" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cpbcfc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:104 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cpedh entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:105 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_437" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_437" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cpifa entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:106 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_850" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_de_code_850" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cpjdc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:107 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_932" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_932" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cpjdg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:108 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_936" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_936" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cpjej entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:109 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_949" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_949" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the cpjfa entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:110 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_950" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_950" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cpm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:111 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Program/Monitor" # type: Content of the crmbbe entity #. type: Content of the crmbbe entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:113 msgid "http://crm114.sourceforge.net/" msgstr "http://crm114.sourceforge.net/" # type: Content of the cssc entity #. type: Content of the cssc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:114 msgid "http://cssc.sourceforge.net/" msgstr "http://cssc.sourceforge.net/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cstandardlibrary entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:115 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_standard_library" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_standard_de_C" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the cvs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:116 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_versions_system" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the daemon entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:117 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the darcs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:118 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the dbus entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:119 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus" # type: Content of the debianaliothservice entity #. type: Content of the debianaliothservice entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:120 msgid "http://alioth.debian.org/" msgstr "http://alioth.debian.org/" # type: Content of the debianbugtrackingsystembts entity #. type: Content of the debianbugtrackingsystembts entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:121 msgid "http://www.debian.org/Bugs/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/Bugs/" # type: Content of the debiandevelopersreference entity #. type: Content of the debiandevelopersreference entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:122 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/" # type: Content of the debiandevelopersthedebianarchive entity #. type: Content of the debiandevelopersthedebianarchive entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:123 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#archive" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#archive" # type: Content of the debiandocumentationprojectddp entity #. type: Content of the debiandocumentationprojectddp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:124 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp" # type: Content of the debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast entity #. type: Content of the debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:125 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-oldcodenames" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-oldcodenames" # type: Content of the debianfaq entity #. type: Content of the debianfaq entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:126 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/" # type: Content of the debiangnulinuxguallationandusage entity #. type: Content of the debiangnulinuxguallationandusage entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:127 msgid "http://archive.debian.net/woody/debian-guide" msgstr "http://archive.debian.net/woody/debian-guide" # type: Content of the httpwwwdebianorg entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwdebianorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:128 debian-reference.en.xmlt:138 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:302 msgid "http://www.debian.org" msgstr "http://www.debian.org" # type: Content of the debianinstallercds entity #. type: Content of the debianinstallercds entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:129 msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/" # type: Content of the thedebianinstaller entity #. type: Content of the thedebianinstaller entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:130 debian-reference.en.xmlt:659 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:660 msgid "http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/" # type: Content of the thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites entity #. type: Content of the debianinstallersmallcds entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:131 msgid "http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst" # type: Content of the debianleadershiphistory entity #. type: Content of the debianleadershiphistory entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:132 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-leaders" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-leaders" # type: Content of the debianmenusystem entity #. type: Content of the debianmenusystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:133 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/menu.html/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/menu.html/" # type: Content of the debianmirrorcheckersite entity #. type: Content of the debianmirrorcheckersite entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:134 msgid "http://www.de.debian.org/dmc/" msgstr "http://www.de.debian.org/dmc/" # type: Content of the debiannewmaintainersguide entity #. type: Content of the debiannewmaintainersguide entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:135 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/" # type: Content of the debianpolicymanual entity #. type: Content of the debianpolicymanual entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:136 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/" # type: Content of the debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive entity #. type: Content of the debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:137 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive" # type: Content of the debianreference entity #. type: Content of the debianreference entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:139 msgid "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=debian-reference&searchon=sourcenames&exact=1&suite=all&section=all" msgstr "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=debian-reference&searchon=sourcenames&exact=1&suite=all&section=all" # type: Content of the debianreferenceversionc entity #. type: Content of the debianreferenceversionc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:140 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/" # type: Content of the debiansecurityfaq entity #. type: Content of the debiansecurityfaq entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:141 msgid "http://www.debian.org/security/faq" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/security/faq" # type: Content of the debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg entity #. type: Content of the debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:142 msgid "http://www.debian.org/social_contract" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/social_contract" # type: Content of the debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc entity #. type: Content of the several entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:143 debian-reference.en.xmlt:601 msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2008/12/msg00019.html" msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2008/12/msg00019.html" # type: Content of the debiantutorial entity #. type: Content of the debiantutorial entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:144 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-tutorial/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-tutorial/" # type: Content of the volatileupdates entity #. type: Content of the volatileupdates entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:145 debian-reference.en.xmlt:662 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:732 msgid "http://www.debian.org/volatile/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/volatile/" # type: Content of the debianwikicontentsonbacktrace entity #. type: Content of the debianwikicontentsonbacktrace entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:146 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/HowToGetABacktrace" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/HowToGetABacktrace" # type: Content of the httpwikidebianorg entity #. type: Content of the debianwikiqemu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:147 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/QEMU" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/QEMU" # type: Content of the debtags entity #. type: Content of the debtags entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:148 msgid "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/" msgstr "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the debugger entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:149 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9bogueur" # type: Content of the dejavu entity #. type: Content of the dejavu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:150 msgid "http://dejavu-fonts.org" msgstr "http://dejavu-fonts.org" # type: Content of the dependencybasedbootsequence entity #. type: Content of the dependencybasedbootsequence entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:151 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the designruleforcamerafilesystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:152 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rule_for_Camera_File_system" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rule_for_Camera_File_system" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the desktopenvironment entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:153 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environnement_de_bureau" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the devicefiles entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:154 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_file" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devfs" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the devicemapper entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:155 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_mapper" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_mapper" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:156 debian-reference.en.xmlt:172 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_host_configuration_protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the digitalsignaturealgorithm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:157 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the directories entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:158 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_(file_systems)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9pertoire_(informatique)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the diskpartitioning entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:159 debian-reference.en.xmlt:160 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_de_disque_dur" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the divx entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:161 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivX" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the dmcrypto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:162 debian-reference.en.xmlt:163 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dm-crypt" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dm-crypt" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the dmg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:164 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the internetdomainnamesystemdns entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:165 debian-reference.en.xmlt:327 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the docbook entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:166 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the documentstylesemionlanguagedsssl entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:167 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the dosbox entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:168 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSBox" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSBox" #. type: Content of the dosemu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:169 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSEMU" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSEMU" # type: Content of the dsabfhbb entity #. type: Content of the dsabfhbb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:170 msgid "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571" # type: Content of the thedebianfreesofreguidelinesdfsg entity #. type: Content of the dsfg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:171 msgid "http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:173 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support" # type: Content of the ecryptfs entity #. type: Content of the ecryptfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:174 msgid "http://ecryptfs.sourceforge.net/" msgstr "http://ecryptfs.sourceforge.net/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the elinks entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:175 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELinks" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELinks" # type: Content of the elsewhereontheweb entity #. type: Content of the elsewhereontheweb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:176 msgid "http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbtoc.html" msgstr "http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbtoc.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the emacs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:177 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the emulation entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:178 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mulation" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the enlightenedsounddaemonesd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:179 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened_Sound_Daemon" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened_Sound_Daemon" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the enlightenment entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:180 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the environmentvariables entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:181 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_d%27environnement" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the epiphany entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:182 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(browser)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany" # type: Content of the epwing entity #. type: Content of the epwing entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:183 msgid "http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPWING" msgstr "http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPWING" # type: Content of the essentialpackages entity #. type: Content of the essentialpackages entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:184 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.8" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.8" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the eucjp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:185 debian-reference.en.xmlt:186 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Coding" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the euckr entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:187 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-KR" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Coding" # type: Content of the everydaygitwithcacommandsorso entity #. type: Content of the everydaygitwithcacommandsorso entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:188 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/everyday.html" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/everyday.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the exchangeableimagefileformat entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:189 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the exim entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:190 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the expresscard entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:191 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExpressCard" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExpressCard" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the extc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:192 debian-reference.en.xmlt:194 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the extd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:193 debian-reference.en.xmlt:195 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:196 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the exte entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:197 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the extendedbinarycolinterchangecode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:198 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the extensiblefirmwareinterfaceefi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:199 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:200 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Transformations" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language_Transformations" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the extensiblestylesttingobjectxslfo entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:201 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL-FO" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the fairuse entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:202 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vfatfilesystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:203 debian-reference.en.xmlt:204 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:205 debian-reference.en.xmlt:206 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:451 debian-reference.en.xmlt:722 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the faviconico entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:207 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon" # type: Content of the httpmadwifiprojectorg entity #. type: Content of the fedra entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:208 msgid "http://fedoraproject.org/" msgstr "http://fedoraproject.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the filelocking entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:209 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the files entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:210 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_file" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier_informatique" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the filesystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:211 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_fichiers" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the filesystempermissions entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:212 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissions_Unix" # type: Content of the filesystemshowto entity #. type: Content of the filesystemshowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:213 msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html" msgstr "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the flash entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:214 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the flex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:215 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex_lexical_analyser" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex_(logiciel)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the fluxbox entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:216 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxbox" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxbox" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the fontconfig entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:217 debian-reference.en.xmlt:218 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontconfig" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontconfig" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the freelibreopensourcefloss entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:219 debian-reference.en.xmlt:223 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free/Libre_Open_Source_Software" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the freebsd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:220 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the freedesktoporg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:221 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org" # type: Content of the freedos entity #. type: Content of the freedos entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:222 msgid "http://www.freedos.org/" msgstr "http://www.freedos.org/" # type: Content of the freetype entity #. type: Content of the freetype entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:224 msgid "http://freetype.sourceforge.net/index.html" msgstr "http://freetype.sourceforge.net/index.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ftp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:225 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:226 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the fuse entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:227 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the galeon entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:228 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeon" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeon" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gbbiada entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:229 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB18030" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the gbcdbc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:230 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB2312" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB2312" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gbk entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:231 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK_(jeu_de_caract%C3%A8res)" # type: Content of the getmaildocumentation entity #. type: Content of the getmaildocumentation entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:232 msgid "http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/documentation.html" msgstr "http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/documentation.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the thegplghostscripptpdfinterpreter entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:233 debian-reference.en.xmlt:668 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript" # type: Content of the gitforcvsusers entity #. type: Content of the gitforcvsusers entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:234 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitcvs-migration.html" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitcvs-migration.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the git entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:235 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git" # type: Content of the gitmagic entity #. type: Content of the gitmagic entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:236 msgid "http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/" msgstr "http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/" # type: Content of the gitsvncrashcourse entity #. type: Content of the gitsvncrashcourse entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:237 msgid "http://git-scm.com/course/svn.html" msgstr "http://git-scm.com/course/svn.html" # type: Content of the gitusersmanual entity #. type: Content of the gitusersmanual entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:238 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the glyphs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:239 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphe" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnome entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:240 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnomestotemmediaplayer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:241 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_(media_player)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_(logiciel)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnuarch entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:242 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_arch" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Arch" # type: Content of the gnufreefont entity #. type: Content of the gnufreefont entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:243 msgid "http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/freefont/" msgstr "http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/freefont/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnugettextbcommandtoolchain entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:244 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettext" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettext" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:245 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnulalrparsergenerator entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:246 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_bison" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison_(GNU)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnuprivacyguard entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:247 debian-reference.en.xmlt:248 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gnutexmacs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:249 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs" # type: Content of the gnuunifont entity #. type: Content of the gnuunifont entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:250 msgid "http://Unifoundry.com" msgstr "http://Unifoundry.com" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the strongpassword entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:251 debian-reference.en.xmlt:630 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" # type: Content of the google entity #. type: Content of the google entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:252 msgid "http://www.google.com" msgstr "http://www.google.com" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the guidpartitiontablegpt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:253 debian-reference.en.xmlt:260 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gui entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:254 debian-reference.en.xmlt:261 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environnement_graphique" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the graphicsinterchangeformatgif entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:255 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" # type: Content of the grubbootloadersutefilesystemwell entity #. type: Content of the grubbootloadersutefilesystemwell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:256 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/511121" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/511121" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the grublegacy entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:257 debian-reference.en.xmlt:258 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRand_Unified_Bootloader" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the gstreamer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:259 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GStreamer" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GStreamer" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the hal entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:262 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_(software)" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_(software)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hanunification entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:263 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniHan" # type: Content of the hanzibitmapfonthbffile entity #. type: Content of the hanzibitmapfonthbffile entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:264 msgid "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/info/HBF-1.1/" msgstr "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/info/HBF-1.1/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hardlink entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:265 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_link" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien_mat%C3%A9riel" #. type: Content of the hardwareassistedvirtualization entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:266 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the hell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:267 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the helvetica entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:268 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetica" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetica" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hexadecimal entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:269 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_hexad%C3%A9cimal" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:270 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hfsplus entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:271 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS_Plus" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS%2B" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hig entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:272 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interface_guidelines" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Interface_Guidelines" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the hostname entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:273 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hpuxbyhewlettpackard entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:274 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the html entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:275 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" # type: Content of the httpbackportsorgdebian entity #. type: Content of the httpbackportsdebgdebianbackports entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:276 msgid "http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/" msgstr "http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/" # type: Content of the thedebianbugtrackingsystembts entity #. type: Content of the thedebianbugtrackingsystembts entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:278 debian-reference.en.xmlt:656 msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/" msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the httpcookies entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:279 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie_(informatique)" # type: Content of the httpdickeyhiscomtermxtermfaqhtml entity #. type: Content of the httpdickeyhiscomtermxtermfaqhtml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:280 msgid "http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.faq.html" msgstr "http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.faq.html" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the httpenwikipediaorgwikisoftmodem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:281 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmodem" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmodem" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the httpenwikipediaowireless_drivers entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:282 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open_source_wireless_drivers" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open_source_wireless_drivers" # type: Content of the thedebianarchive entity #. type: Content of the thedebianarchive entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:283 debian-reference.en.xmlt:655 msgid "http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/" msgstr "http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hypertexttransferprotocol entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:284 debian-reference.en.xmlt:309 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" # type: Content of the httplinuxwirelessorg entity #. type: Content of the httplinuxwirelessorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:285 msgid "http://linuxwireless.org" msgstr "http://linuxwireless.org" # type: Content of the httplocalhostgdb entity #. type: Content of the httplocalhostgdb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:286 msgid "http://localhost:631/" msgstr "http://localhost:631/" # type: Content of the httpmadwifiprojectorg entity #. type: Content of the httpmadwifiprojectorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:287 msgid "http://madwifi-project.org" msgstr "http://madwifi-project.org" # type: Content of the httpndiswrappersourceforgenet entity #. type: Content of the httpndiswrappersourceforgenet entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:288 msgid "http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net" msgstr "http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net" # type: Content of the httppackagesdebianorg entity #. type: Content of the httppackagesdebianorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:289 msgid "http://packages.debian.org/" msgstr "http://packages.debian.org/" # type: Content of the httpsecuritydebianorg entity #. type: Content of the httpsecuritydebianorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:290 msgid "http://security.debian.org/" msgstr "http://security.debian.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the https entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:291 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Https" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#HTTPS" # type: Content of the httpsnapshotdebiannet entity #. type: Content of the httpsnapshotdebiannet entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:292 msgid "http://snapshot.debian.net/" msgstr "http://snapshot.debian.net/" # type: Content of the httptldporg entity #. type: Content of the httptldporg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:293 msgid "http://tldp.org/" msgstr "http://tldp.org/" # type: Content of the httptugctanorgteisttextexbooktex entity #. type: Content of the httptugctanorgteisttextexbooktex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:294 msgid "http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex" msgstr "http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex" # type: Content of the httpunifontorg entity #. type: Content of the httpunifontorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:295 msgid "http://unifont.org/" msgstr "http://unifont.org/" # type: Content of:
#. type: Content of the httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:296 msgid "http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/" msgstr "http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the httpwikidebianoremvirtualization entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:297 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/SystemVirtualization" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/SystemVirtualization" # type: Content of the httpwikidebianorgalioth entity #. type: Content of the httpwikidebianorgalioth entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:298 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth" # type: Content of the httpwikidebianorg entity #. type: Content of the httpwikidebianorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:299 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/" # type: Content of the httpwwwchiarkgreguksgtathamputty entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwchiarkgreguksgtathamputty entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:300 msgid "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/" msgstr "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/" # type: Content of the httpwwwcygwincom entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwcygwincom entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:301 msgid "http://www.cygwin.com/" msgstr "http://www.cygwin.com/" # type: Content of the httpwwwgooglecomutfiqcgitutorial entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwgooglecomutfiqcgitutorial entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:303 msgid "http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=CGI+tutorial" msgstr "http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=CGI+tutorial" # type: Content of the httpwwwgreenendokcaabaeshellhtml entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwgreenendokcaabaeshellhtml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:304 msgid "http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2001/04/shell.html" msgstr "http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2001/04/shell.html" # type: Content of the httpwwwmacsshcom entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwmacsshcom entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:305 msgid "http://www.macssh.com/" msgstr "http://www.macssh.com/" # type: Content of the httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:306 msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/" msgstr "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/" # type: Content of the httpwwwunixorg entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwunixorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:307 msgid "http://www.unix.org/" msgstr "http://www.unix.org/" # type: Content of the httpwikipediaorg entity #. type: Content of the httpwwwwikipediaorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:308 msgid "http://www.wikipedia.org/" msgstr "http://www.wikipedia.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the hzip entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:310 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Zip" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Zip" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ieeeiacbb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:311 debian-reference.en.xmlt:315 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ibmmainframe entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:312 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Syst%C3%A8me_IBM" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the ibus entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:313 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ieeebdjefirewire entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:314 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394_interface" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/FireWire" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the internetmessageaccessprotocol entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:316 debian-reference.en.xmlt:317 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:328 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" # type: Content of the improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags entity #. type: Content of the improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:318 msgid "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/todo.html" msgstr "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/todo.html" # type: Content of the incoming entity #. type: Content of the incoming entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:319 msgid "http://incoming.debian.org/" msgstr "http://incoming.debian.org/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the infozip entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:320 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info-ZIP" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info-ZIP" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the initrdinitramfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:321 debian-reference.en.xmlt:322 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the inode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:323 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the inputmethods entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:324 debian-reference.en.xmlt:325 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_method" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_d%27entr%C3%A9e" # type: Content of the installdebian entity #. type: Content of the installdebian entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:326 msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the internetprintingprotocol entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:329 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Printing_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocole_d%27impression_Internet" # type: Content of the introductiontoibin entity #. type: Content of the introductiontoibin entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:330 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ipaddress entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:331 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresse_IP" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ip entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:332 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol" # type: Content of the linuxiproutec entity #. type: Content of the linuxiproutec entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:333 debian-reference.en.xmlt:387 msgid "http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Iproute2" msgstr "http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Iproute2" # type: Content of the iproutecutilitysuitehowto entity #. type: Content of the iproutecutilitysuitehowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:334 msgid "http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html" msgstr "http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ipvenetwork entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:335 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the irix entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:336 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irix" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:337 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium" # type: Content of the isdumpreallydeprecated entity #. type: Content of the isdumpreallydeprecated entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:338 msgid "http://dump.sourceforge.net/isdumpdeprecated.html" msgstr "http://dump.sourceforge.net/isdumpdeprecated.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isoieccaccalsoknownasjisxacac entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:339 debian-reference.en.xmlt:342 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2022" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:340 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-3" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-3" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:341 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isoigab entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:343 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isoiifjbf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:344 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-15" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isoiifjb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:345 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the isoiifjc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:346 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isoiifj entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:347 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isojgga entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:348 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the syslinux entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:349 debian-reference.en.xmlt:350 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:638 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslinux" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the isp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:351 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fournisseur_d%27acc%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Internet" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the jackaudioconnectionkitjack entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:352 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the java entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:353 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(langage)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the javascript entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:354 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the javasoftwareplatform entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:355 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(software_platform)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(technologie)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the jfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:356 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the jisxacbd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:357 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213" # type: Content of the jisxeaib entity #. type: Content of the jisxeaib entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:358 msgid "http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_4081" msgstr "http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_4081" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the journalingfilesystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:359 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_(syst%C3%A8me_de_fichiers)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the jpeg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:360 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norme_JPEG" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the karmic entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:361 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the kde entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:362 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the kibibyte entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:363 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the koiir entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:364 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOI8-R" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOI8-R" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the konqueror entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:365 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konqueror" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konqueror" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the kornshell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:366 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell" #. type: Content of the kvm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:367 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lalrparser entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:368 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LALR_parser" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_LALR" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the localareanetworkslans entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:369 debian-reference.en.xmlt:399 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_local" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the latex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:370 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lba entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:371 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_block_addressing" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_block_addressing" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lightweightdireccessprotocolldap entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:372 debian-reference.en.xmlt:378 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the lex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:373 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_programming_tool" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_programming_tool" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lexicalanalyzer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:374 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_lexicale" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the liberationfontsproject entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:375 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the library entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:376 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_logicielle" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the libvirt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:377 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lilo entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:379 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILO_(boot_loader)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_loader" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the links entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:381 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the lint entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:382 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_programming_tool" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_programming_tool" # type: Content of the linuxcenathowto entity #. type: Content of the linuxcenathowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:383 msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO.html" msgstr "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO.html" # type: Content of the linuxcepacketfilteringhowto entity #. type: Content of the linuxcepacketfilteringhowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:384 msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/packet-filtering-HOWTO.html" msgstr "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/packet-filtering-HOWTO.html" # type: Content of the cssc entity #. type: Content of the linuxcontainers entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:385 msgid "http://lxc.sourceforge.net/" msgstr "http://lxc.sourceforge.net/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the linux entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:386 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" # type: Content of the linuxkernelfromtepristinesources entity #. type: Content of the linuxkernelfromtepristinesources entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:388 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the linuxkernel entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:389 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyau_Linux" # type: Content of the linuxnetworkadministratorsguide entity #. type: Content of the linuxnetworkadministratorsguide entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:390 msgid "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/nag2/" msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/nag2/" # type: Content of the linuxnetworkingconceptshowto entity #. type: Content of the linuxnetworkingconceptshowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:391 msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/networking-concepts-HOWTO.html" msgstr "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/networking-concepts-HOWTO.html" # type: Content of the linuxnfshowto entity #. type: Content of the linuxnfshowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:392 msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/index.html" msgstr "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/index.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the linuxstandardbase entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:393 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the linuxterminalserverproject entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:394 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project" # type: Content of the linuxusersguide entity #. type: Content of the linuxusersguide entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:395 msgid "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide/user-beta-1.pdf.gz" msgstr "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide/user-beta-1.pdf.gz" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the livecds entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:396 debian-reference.en.xmlt:397 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the loadlin entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:398 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadlin" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadlin" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the locale entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:400 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Param%C3%A8tres_r%C3%A9gionaux" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the local entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:401 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local" # type: Content of the localuserguidetotetexlatex entity #. type: Content of the localuserguidetotetexlatex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:402 msgid "http://supportweb.cs.bham.ac.uk/documentation/LaTeX/lguide/local-guide/local-guide.html" msgstr "http://supportweb.cs.bham.ac.uk/documentation/LaTeX/lguide/local-guide/local-guide.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the logicalvolumemanagerlvm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:403 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LVM" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the loopdevice entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:404 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_device" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_device" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lrparser entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:405 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LR_parser" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_LR" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the luks entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:406 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lxde entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:407 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXDE" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXDE" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lynx entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:408 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(navigateur)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lyx entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:409 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyx" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LyX" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lzhh entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:410 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ77_et_LZ78" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lzma entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:411 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Markov_chain_algorithm" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZMA" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the lzo entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:412 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the macaddress entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:413 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresse_MAC" # type: Content of the maciacbbapioflinux entity #. type: Content of the maciacbbapioflinux entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:414 msgid "http://linuxwireless.org/" msgstr "http://linuxwireless.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the macro entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:415 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-d%C3%A9finition" # type: Content of the mailaddressconfieryanduseragents entity #. type: Content of the mailaddressconfieryanduseragents entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:416 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs#s-mail-transport-agents" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs#s-mail-transport-agents" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the qmailstylemaildir entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:417 debian-reference.en.xmlt:543 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir" # type: Content of the maildropfilterdocumentation entity #. type: Content of the maildropfilterdocumentation entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:418 msgid "http://www.courier-mta.org/maildrop/maildropfilter.html" msgstr "http://www.courier-mta.org/maildrop/maildropfilter.html" # type: Content of the mailheaderanalysis entity #. type: Content of the mailheaderanalysis entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:419 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/DefaultMTA" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/DefaultMTA" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the make entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:420 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make" # type: Content of the managingaccuratedateandtimehowto entity #. type: Content of the managingaccuratedateandtimehowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:421 msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TimePrecision-HOWTO/index.html" msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TimePrecision-HOWTO/index.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mandatoryaccesscontrolmac entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:422 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contr%C3%B4le_d%27acc%C3%A8s_obligatoire" # type: Content of the manpagegitb entity #. type: Content of the manpagegitb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:423 msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git.html" msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git.html" # type: Content of the manyremotemirrorsites entity #. type: Content of the manyremotemirrorsites entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:424 msgid "http://www.debian.org/mirror/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/mirror/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mbr entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:425 debian-reference.en.xmlt:430 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the maximumsegmentsize entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:426 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_segment_size" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Segment_Size" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the maximumtransmissionunitmtu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:427 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Transmission_Unit" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mbox entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:428 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox" # type: Content of the mbrbyneilturton entity #. type: Content of the mbrbyneilturton entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:429 msgid "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/" msgstr "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mdf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:431 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mdns entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:432 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mercurial entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:433 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurial_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurial" # type: Content of the microsoftalsoseelocalareanetwork entity #. type: Content of the microsoftalsoseelocalareanetwork entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:434 msgid "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/296250" msgstr "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/296250" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the microsoftwindows entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:435 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the midnightcommandermc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:436 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the multipurposeinteilextensionsmime entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:437 debian-reference.en.xmlt:456 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipurpose_Internet_Mail_Extensions" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the minixfilesystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:438 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix_file_system" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX_fs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the modem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:439 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" # type: Content of the modifytheinitscripts entity #. type: Content of the modifytheinitscripts entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:440 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys#s9.3.2" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys#s9.3.2" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mondorescue entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:441 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_Rescue" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_Rescue" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the monotone entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:442 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone_(logiciel)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mozillafirefox entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:443 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mozilla entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:444 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mozillathunderbird entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:445 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mpdmpd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:446 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1/2_Audio_Layer_3" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mpegc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:447 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mpege entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:448 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mpeg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:449 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mplayer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:450 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPlayer" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPlayer" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the msdos entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:452 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mswindowsiconsanndfrompngformats entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:453 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(icon_image_file_format)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(format_de_fichier)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mswindowsnt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:454 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the multilingualizatelanguagesupport entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:455 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalisation_de_logiciel" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the multitasking entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:457 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitâche" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the multiuser entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:458 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-utilisateur" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mutt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:459 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(e-mail_client)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the mysql entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:460 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the nagios entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:461 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagios" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagios" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the namedpipe entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:462 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named_pipe" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_nommé" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the netfilteriptables entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:463 debian-reference.en.xmlt:464 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfilter" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfilter" # type: Content of the nettools entity #. type: Content of the nettools entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:465 msgid "http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Net-tools" msgstr "http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Net-tools" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the networkaddresstranslationnat entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:466 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the networkaudiosystemnas entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:467 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Audio_System" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Audio_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the networkblockdevice entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:468 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_block_device" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_block_device" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the networkfirewall entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:469 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare-feu" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the networkmanagernm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:470 debian-reference.en.xmlt:471 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the newbie entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:472 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbie" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbie" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the nfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:473 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_file_system" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the nirvana entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:474 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvāna" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the nis entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:475 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIS+" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIS+" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the nisoriginallycalledyp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:476 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Information_Service" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Information_Service" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the nmap entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:477 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmap" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmap" #. type: Content of the normaldebianarchives entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:478 msgid "http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/" msgstr "http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the nssnameserviceswitch entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:479 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ntfsdg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:480 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ntfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:481 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Technology_File_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ntp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:482 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" # type: Content of the ntppublicservicesproject entity #. type: Content of the ntppublicservicesproject entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:483 msgid "http://www.ntp.org/" msgstr "http://www.ntp.org/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the nullterminated entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:484 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ocaml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:485 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_Caml" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_Caml" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ocr entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:486 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_optique_de_caractères" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the octal entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:487 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Système_octal" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the oggvorbis entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:488 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the openbsd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:489 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD" # type: Content of the openldapsoftware entity #. type: Content of the openldapsoftware entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:490 msgid "http://www.openldap.org/" msgstr "http://www.openldap.org/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the sunrpc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:491 debian-reference.en.xmlt:632 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the openofficeorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:492 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org" # type: Content of the openpgppublickeyserver entity #. type: Content of the openpgppublickeyserver entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:493 msgid "http://sourceforge.net/projects/pks/" msgstr "http://sourceforge.net/projects/pks/" # type: Content of the openslp entity #. type: Content of the openslp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:494 msgid "http://www.openslp.org/" msgstr "http://www.openslp.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the opensoundsystemoss entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:495 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System" # type: Content of the openssh entity #. type: Content of the openssh entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:496 msgid "http://www.openssh.org/" msgstr "http://www.openssh.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the opentype entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:497 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenType" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenType" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the openvms entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:498 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Memory_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the openvz entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:499 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ" # type: Content of the optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections entity #. type: Content of the optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:500 msgid "http://www.mynetwatchman.com/kb/ADSL/pppoemtu.htm" msgstr "http://www.mynetwatchman.com/kb/ADSL/pppoemtu.htm" # type: Content of the othergitresourcevailableontheweb entity #. type: Content of the othergitresourcevailableontheweb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:501 msgid "http://git-scm.com/documentation" msgstr "http://git-scm.com/documentation" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the outlookpstfiles entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:502 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Folders_(.pst)_file" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pst" # type: Content of the overviewoffathpfdntfsfilesystems entity #. type: Content of the overviewoffathpfdntfsfilesystems entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:503 msgid "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100108/" msgstr "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100108/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pampluggableauthnticationmodules entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:504 debian-reference.en.xmlt:505 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pap entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:506 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_authentication_protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_Authentication_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the parallels entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:507 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstation" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstation" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the passwordcracking entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:508 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassage_de_mot_de_passe" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pathmtupmtudiscovery entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:509 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_MTU_discovery" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_MTU_discovery" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pccard entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:510 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_card" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-Card" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pciexpress entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:511 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pci entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:512 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the portabledocumentformatpdf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:513 debian-reference.en.xmlt:523 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:514 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Compatible_Regular_Expressions" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE" # type: Content of the perlgolf entity #. type: Content of the perlgolf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:515 msgid "http://perlgolf.sourceforge.net" msgstr "http://perlgolf.sourceforge.net" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the perl entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:516 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(langage)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the phonon entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:517 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the php entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:518 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP:_Hypertext_Preprocessor" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:520 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_tunneling_protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_tunneling_protocol" # type: Content of the popcon entity #. type: Content of the popcon entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:521 msgid "http://popcon.debian.org/" msgstr "http://popcon.debian.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the popd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:522 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the posix entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:524 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX" # type: Content of:
#. type: Content of the postfixdocumentation entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:525 msgid "http://www.postfix.org/documentation.html" msgstr "http://www.postfix.org/documentation.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the postfix entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:526 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the postgresql entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:527 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the postpoweronselftest entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:528 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-On_Self-Test" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ps entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:529 debian-reference.en.xmlt:530 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:538 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pots entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:531 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_Old_Telephone_Service" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ppp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:532 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocole_point_à_point" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pppoe entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:533 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol_over_Ethernet" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPPoE" # type: Content of the priorities entity #. type: Content of the priorities entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:534 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-priorities" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-priorities" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the procfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:535 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the proxyserver entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:536 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the pseudotopleveldomain entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:537 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the pulseaudio entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:539 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the python entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:540 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(langage)" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the qcowcqcow entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:541 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qcow" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qcow" #. type: Content of the qemu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:542 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the qt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:544 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the quicktimemov entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:545 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickTime" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickTime" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the quotedprintable entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:546 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-Printable" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the racecondition entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:547 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_de_compétition" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the radix entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:548 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(arithmétique)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the raid entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:549 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID_(informatique)" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the rcshell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:550 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rc" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rc" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the rcs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:551 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_Control_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_Control_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the readonlymemoryrom entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:552 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_morte" # type: Content of the debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc entity #. type: Content of the reasons entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:553 msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2010/01/msg00000.html" msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2010/01/msg00000.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the redhatlinux entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:554 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the regularexpressions entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:555 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_rationnelle" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the reisere entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:556 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the reiserfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:557 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiserfs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS" # type: Content of the releasenotes entity #. type: Content of the releasenotes entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:558 msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes" # type: Content of the rfcbbjb entity #. type: Content of the rfcbbjb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:559 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1191" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1191" # type: Content of the rfcbdcb entity #. type: Content of the rfcbdcb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:560 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321" # type: Content of the rfcbjbi entity #. type: Content of the rfcbjbi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:561 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918" # type: Content of the rfcbjdj entity #. type: Content of the rfcbjdj entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:562 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939" # type: Content of the rfccaef entity #. type: Content of the rfccaef entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:563 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045" # type: Content of the rfccdjg entity #. type: Content of the rfccdjg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:564 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396" # type: Content of the rfcceej entity #. type: Content of the rfcceej entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:565 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2449" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2449" # type: Content of the rfccgag entity #. type: Content of the rfccgag entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:566 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2606" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2606" # type: Content of the rfccgbg entity #. type: Content of the rfccgbg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:567 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616" # type: Content of the rfccicb entity #. type: Content of the rfccicb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:568 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2821" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2821" # type: Content of the rfcciccupdatedrfcicc entity #. type: Content of the rfcciccupdatedrfcicc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:569 debian-reference.en.xmlt:570 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822" # type: Content of the rfcdfab entity #. type: Content of the rfcdfab entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:571 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501" # type: Content of the rfceeaj entity #. type: Content of the rfceeaj entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:572 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4409" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4409" # type: Content of the rfcejfe entity #. type: Content of the rfcejfe entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:573 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954" # type: Content of the rfcibj entity #. type: Content of the rfcibj entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:574 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc819" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc819" # type: Content of the rfcicb entity #. type: Content of the rfcicb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:575 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821" # type: Content of the rfcicc entity #. type: Content of the rfcicc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:576 msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822" msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822" # type: Content of the rfcs entity #. type: Content of the rfcs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:577 msgid "http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html" msgstr "http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the roff entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:578 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roff" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roff" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the rootkit entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:579 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the rtbb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:580 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ruby entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:581 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the runlevels entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:582 debian-reference.en.xmlt:583 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runlevel" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_level" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the secureattentionkeysak entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:584 debian-reference.en.xmlt:592 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_attention_key" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_attention_key" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the samba entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:585 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(informatique)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the svgscalablevectorgraphics entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:586 debian-reference.en.xmlt:635 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the scim entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:587 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Common_Input_Method" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Common_Input_Method" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the scribus entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:588 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribus" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribus" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the scsi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:589 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Computer_System_Interface" # type: Content of the sections entity #. type: Content of the sections entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:590 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-subsections" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-subsections" # type: Content of the secureapt entity #. type: Content of the secureapt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:591 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the ssh entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:593 debian-reference.en.xmlt:594 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:621 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell" # type: Content of the securingdebianmanual entity #. type: Content of the securingdebianmanual entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:595 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/" # type: Content of the securitydebianarchives entity #. type: Content of the securitydebianarchives entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:596 msgid "http://security.debian.org/dists/" msgstr "http://security.debian.org/dists/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the securityenhancedlinuxselinux entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:597 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SELinux" # type: Content of the securityupdates entity #. type: Content of the securityupdates entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:598 msgid "http://www.debian.org/security/" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/security/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the smb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:599 debian-reference.en.xmlt:611 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:612 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the servicesetidentifier entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:600 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_identifier" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_identifier" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the sgml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:602 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the shell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:603 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(informatique)" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the shellscript entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:604 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the shiftjis entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:605 debian-reference.en.xmlt:606 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-JIS" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the shorewall entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:607 debian-reference.en.xmlt:608 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorewall" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorewall" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the slp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:609 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_Location_Protocol" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_Location_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the smart entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:610 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T." msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the smtpauth entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:613 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP-AUTH" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP-AUTH" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the smtp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:614 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the snort entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:615 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snort_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snort" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the softmac entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:616 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftMAC" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftMAC" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the solarisbysunmicrosystems entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:617 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(système_d'exploitation)" # type: Content of the somemailwasnotdownloaded entity #. type: Content of the somemailwasnotdownloaded entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:618 msgid "http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13291&topic=1555" msgstr "http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13291&topic=1555" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the sparsefile entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:619 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file" # type: Content of the spoofingtheuseragentstring entity #. type: Content of the spoofingtheuseragentstring entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:620 msgid "http://www.mozilla.org/unix/customizing.html#prefs" msgstr "http://www.mozilla.org/unix/customizing.html#prefs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the transportlayerseesocketslayerssl entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:622 debian-reference.en.xmlt:623 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:624 debian-reference.en.xmlt:688 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:690 debian-reference.en.xmlt:691 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the standaloneshell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:625 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the standardgeneralirkuplanguagesgml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:626 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the statefulfirewall entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:627 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the staticcodeanalysis entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:628 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the steganographic entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:629 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stéganographie" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the subversion entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:631 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(logiciel)" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the superserver entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:633 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-server" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-server" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the superuser entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:634 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur_root" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the symboliclinkorsymlink entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:636 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien_symbolique" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the sysfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:637 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysfs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysfs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the systemv entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:639 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the systemvprintercommands entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:640 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V_printing_system" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V_printing_system" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tcl entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:641 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_Command_Language" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tcpdump entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:642 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tcp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:643 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tcpip entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:644 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suite_des_protocoles_Internet" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tcpipnetwork entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:645 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suite_des_protocoles_Internet" # type: Content of the tcptuningguide entity #. type: Content of the tcptuningguide entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:646 msgid "http://dsd.lbl.gov/TCP-tuning/" msgstr "http://dsd.lbl.gov/TCP-tuning/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the tcptuning entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:647 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_tuning" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_tuning" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tcpwrapper entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:648 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Wrapper" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Wrapper" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the telnet entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:649 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TELNET" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tenexcshell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:650 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcsh" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcsh" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the tex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:651 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the texlive entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:652 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the thecablemodem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:654 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem_câble" # type: Content of the thedebiandevelmailinglist entity #. type: Content of the thedebiandevelmailinglist entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:657 msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/" msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/" # type: Content of the thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives entity #. type: Content of the thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:658 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-ftparchives" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-ftparchives" # type: Content of the thedebianusermailinglist entity #. type: Content of the thedebianusermailinglist entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:661 msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/" msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the thedslmodem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:663 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_modem" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_modem" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the theextensiblemarkuplanguagexml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:664 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the theextensiblestysheetlanguagexsl entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:665 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_stylesheet_language" # type: Content of the thefutureofthebootsystemindebian entity #. type: Content of the thefutureofthebootsystemindebian entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:666 msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/09/msg00003.html" msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/09/msg00003.html" # type: Content of the thegoodsecuritywththeperformance entity #. type: Content of the thegoodsecuritywththeperformance entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:667 msgid "http://www.infodrom.org/~joey/Writing/Linux-Journal/secure-apt/" msgstr "http://www.infodrom.org/~joey/Writing/Linux-Journal/secure-apt/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the theinternetsocket entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:669 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_socket" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_socket" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the theinterprocesscommunicationipc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:670 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_inter-processus" # type: Content of the thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg entity #. type: Content of the thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:671 msgid "http://ftp-master.debian.org/" msgstr "http://ftp-master.debian.org/" # type: Content of the theldpxwindowuserhowto entity #. type: Content of the theldpxwindowuserhowto entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:672 msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO.html" msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the thelempelzivwelcsdatacompression entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:673 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Welch" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Welch" # type: Content of the thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites entity #. type: Content of the thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:674 msgid "http://www.debian.org/mirror/list" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/mirror/list" # type: Content of the theofficialsambandreferenceguide entity #. type: Content of the theofficialsambandreferenceguide entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:675 msgid "http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/" msgstr "http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the theopticalnetworkterminalont entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:676 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTTP" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTTx" # type: Content of the thepackageshortdiptionconvention entity #. type: Content of the thepackageshortdiptionconvention entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:677 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/best-pkging-practices#bpp-desc-basics" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/best-pkging-practices#bpp-desc-basics" # type: Content of the thepenguinandunicode entity #. type: Content of the thepenguinandunicode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:678 msgid "http://unifont.org/iuc27/html/ICUPresentation.html" msgstr "http://unifont.org/iuc27/html/ICUPresentation.html" # type: Content of the thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages entity #. type: Content of the thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:679 msgid "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships" msgstr "http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships" # type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvc entity #. type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:680 msgid "http://www.unix.org/version2/" msgstr "http://www.unix.org/version2/" # type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvd entity #. type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:681 msgid "http://www.unix.org/version3/" msgstr "http://www.unix.org/version3/" # type: Content of the thetetexhowtothextetexlocalguide entity #. type: Content of the thetetexhowtothextetexlocalguide entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:682 msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TeTeX-HOWTO.html" msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TeTeX-HOWTO.html" # type: Content of the theubuntuarchive entity #. type: Content of the theubuntuarchive entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:683 msgid "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/" msgstr "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the theudevsystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:684 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the theunixdomainsocket entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:685 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the timesnewroman entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:686 debian-reference.en.xmlt:687 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Roman" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_New_Roman" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the topleveldomaintld entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:689 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau" # type: Content of the treregexlibrary entity #. type: Content of the treregexlibrary entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:692 msgid "http://www.laurikari.net/tre/" msgstr "http://www.laurikari.net/tre/" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the troff entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:693 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troff" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troff" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the truetype entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:694 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the tuntap entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:695 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUN/TAP" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUN/TAP" # type: Content of the ubuntu entity #. type: Content of the ubuntu entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:696 msgid "http://www.ubuntu.com/" msgstr "http://www.ubuntu.com/" # type: Content of the writingudevrules entity #. type: Content of the writingudevrules entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:697 debian-reference.en.xmlt:758 msgid "http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html" msgstr "http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the udf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:698 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_universel_de_disque" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the udp entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:699 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the uim entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:700 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uim" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uim" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the unbranded entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:701 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation_software_rebranded_by_the_Debian_project" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renommage_des_applications_de_Mozilla_par_Debian" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the unicode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:702 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the universalcharactunicodeisobagegb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:703 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Character_Set" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/CEI_10646" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the unix entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:704 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the unixvariants entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:705 debian-reference.en.xmlt:707 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Unix" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the unixsccs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:706 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Code_Control_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Code_Control_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the uri entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:708 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the url entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:709 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" # type: Content of the urw entity #. type: Content of the urw entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:710 msgid "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/urw.html" msgstr "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/urw.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the usb entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:711 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the usbstorage entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:712 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clé_USB" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the usermodelinux entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:713 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-mode_Linux" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Mode_Linux" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the utfbgucsc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:714 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16/UCS-2" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the utfdcucse entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:715 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32/UCS-4" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the utfi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:716 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the utgmt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:717 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temps_universel" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the uuencode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:718 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencoding" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencode" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the uuid entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:719 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_Unique_Identifier" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Unique_Identifier" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vdi entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:720 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox#Virtual_Desktop_Image" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the versioncontrolsystemsvcs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:721 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestion_de_versions" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vim entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:723 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the virtualbox entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:724 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox" # type: Content of the debianmenusystem entity #. type: Content of the virtualboxusermanual entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:725 msgid "http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html" msgstr "http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html" # type: Content of the virtualboxusermanualpdf entity #. type: Content of the virtualboxusermanualpdf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:726 msgid "http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/UserManual.pdf" msgstr "http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/UserManual.pdf" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the virtualization entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:727 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualisation" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the virtualmachinemanager entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:728 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Manager" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Manager" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vlcmediaplayer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:729 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vmdk entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:730 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Disk" # type: Content of the volatiledebianarchives entity #. type: Content of the volatiledebianarchives entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:731 msgid "http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/" msgstr "http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vpc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:733 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_(file_format)" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_(file_format)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vpn entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:734 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réseau_privé_virtuel" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the vtbaalike entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:735 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wan entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:736 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réseau_étendu" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the watchdogtimer entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:737 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchdog_timer" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchdog_timer" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the wavelan entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:738 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveLAN" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveLAN" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wdm entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:739 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the webbrowser entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:740 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Browsers" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigateur_Web" # type: Content of the webwmlproject entity #. type: Content of the webwmlproject entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:741 msgid "http://alioth.debian.org/projects/webwml/" msgstr "http://alioth.debian.org/projects/webwml/" # type: Content of the whatisxlink entity #. type: Content of the whatisxlink entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:742 msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/09/xlink/index.html" msgstr "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/09/xlink/index.html" # type: Content of the whatisxml entity #. type: Content of the whatisxml entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:743 msgid "http://www.xml.com/pub/a/98/10/guide0.html" msgstr "http://www.xml.com/pub/a/98/10/guide0.html" # type: Content of the whatisxslfo entity #. type: Content of the whatisxslfo entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:744 msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2002/03/20/xsl-fo.html" msgstr "http://xml.com/pub/a/2002/03/20/xsl-fo.html" # type: Content of the whatisxslt entity #. type: Content of the whatisxslt entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:745 msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/08/holman/index.html" msgstr "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/08/holman/index.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wicd entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:746 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicd_(Linux_Network_Manager)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicd" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wifiprotectedaccessc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:747 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11i" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11i" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wifiprotectedaccess entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:748 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access" # type: Content of the windowmanagersforx entity #. type: Content of the windowmanagersforx entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:749 msgid "http://www.xwinman.org" msgstr "http://www.xwinman.org" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the windowsmediavideowmv entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:750 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wine entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:751 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_(software)" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wiredequivalentprivacy entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:752 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the wirelessaccesspointsaps entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:753 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the wirelesslanwlanforshort entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:754 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wireshark entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:755 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark" # type: Content of the wordprocessingusinglatex entity #. type: Content of the wordprocessingusinglatex entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:756 msgid "http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/latex_basic/latex_basic.html" msgstr "http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/latex_basic/latex_basic.html" # type: Content of the workaroundtransiroblemsofxserver entity #. type: Content of the workaroundtransiroblemsofxserver entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:757 msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/XStrikeForce/InputHotplugGuide" msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/XStrikeForce/InputHotplugGuide" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the wysiwyg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:759 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_You_See_Is_What_You_Get" # type: Content of the xbbpcfbitmapfontfiles entity #. type: Content of the xbbpcfbitmapfontfiles entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:760 msgid "http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/pcf-format.html" msgstr "http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/pcf-format.html" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xdmcpconnection entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:761 debian-reference.en.xmlt:762 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xemacs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:763 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEmacs" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEmacs" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xen entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:764 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xfce entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:765 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xfs entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:766 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xft entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:767 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xft" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFT_(bibliothèque_logicielle)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xwindowsystem entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:768 debian-reference.en.xmlt:775 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xine entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:769 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xine" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xine" # type: Content of the xmlcom entity #. type: Content of the xmlcom entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:770 msgid "http://xml.com/" msgstr "http://xml.com/" # type: Content of the xorg entity #. type: Content of the xorg entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:771 msgid "http://www.x.org/" msgstr "http://www.x.org/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xrenderingextension entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:772 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRender" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRender" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the xsession entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:773 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xwindowmanager entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:774 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_manager" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestionnaire_de_fenêtres" # ################# no-translaton #. type: Content of the xxencode entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:776 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xxencode" msgstr "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xxencode" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the xz entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:777 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XZ_(format_de_fichier)" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the yacc entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:778 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacc" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_et_yacc" # type: Content of the yahoo entity #. type: Content of the yahoo entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:779 msgid "http://www.yahoo.com/" msgstr "http://www.yahoo.com/" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the zeroconf entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:780 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf" # ----------------- translated #. type: Content of the zshell entity #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:781 msgid "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell" msgstr "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsh" #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:783 msgid "en" msgstr "fr" #. type: Content of: #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:785 msgid "Debian Reference" msgstr "Référence Debian" # type: Content of: <book><bookinfo> #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:786 msgid "<author> <firstname>Osamu</firstname> <surname>Aoki</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>" msgstr "<author> <firstname>Osamu</firstname> <surname>Aoki</surname> </author> <authorinitials>OA</authorinitials>" # type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para> #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:792 msgid "This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)." msgstr "Ce livre est libre ; vous pouvez le redistribuer et le modifier selon les termes de la Licence Publique Général GNU (« GNU GPL ») à n'importe quelle version compatible avec les Règles des Logiciels Libres selon Debian (DFSG)." #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:794 msgid "<copyright> <year>2007-2010</year> <holder>Osamu Aoki</holder> </copyright>" msgstr "<copyright> <year>2007-2010</year> <holder>Osamu Aoki</holder> </copyright>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:799 msgid "This Debian Reference (v2) (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command examples for non-developers." msgstr "Ce guide de référence Debian (v2) (&build-date;) est destiné à procurer un large aperçu du système Debian en tant que guide de l’utilisateur d’un système installé. Il couvre de nombreux aspects de l’administration du système à l’aide d'exemples de commandes de l’interpréteur pour les non-développeurs." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:803 msgid "Preface" msgstr "Préface" # type: Content of: <book><preface><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:804 msgid "This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian Reference (version 2)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide." msgstr "Cette <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Référence Debian (version 2)</ulink> (&build-date;) est destinée à fournir un large aperçu de l’administration système de Debian et un guide de l’utilisateur sur un système installé." # type: Content of: <book><preface><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:805 msgid "The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> system works." msgstr "Le lecteur cible est quelqu'un qui désire apprendre les scripts de l’interpréteur de commandes mais qui ne souhaite pas lire toutes les sources en C pour comprendre le fonctionnement du système <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink> /<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:807 msgid "Disclaimer" msgstr "Clause de non responsabilité" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:808 msgid "All warranties are disclaimed. All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners." msgstr "Toute garantie est rejetée. Toutes les marques déposées sont la propriété de leurs détenteurs respectifs." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:809 msgid "The Debian system itself is a moving target. This makes its documentation difficult to be current and correct. Although the current unstable version of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may be already outdated by the time you read this." msgstr "Le système Debian lui-même est une cible mouvante. Ceci rend difficile le maintien à jour et l’exactitude de sa documentation. Bien que la version instable (« unstable ») du système Debian ait été utilisée pour écrire ce document, certaines parties peuvent être dépassées au moment où vous lisez ceci." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:810 msgid "Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in this document." msgstr "Veuillez prendre ce document comme une référence secondaire. Ce document ne remplace aucun des guides autorisés. L’auteur et les contributeurs ne pourront être tenus pour responsables des conséquences des erreurs, omissions ou ambiguïtés que comporte ce document." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:813 msgid "What is Debian" msgstr "Ce qu'est Debian" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:814 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian Project</ulink> is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. It's distribution is characterized by the following." msgstr "Le <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Projet Debian</ulink> est une association de personnes qui ont fait cause commune afin de créer un système d'exploitation libre. Sa distribution est caractérisée par :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:818 msgid "Commitment to the software freedom: <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian Social Contract and Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)</ulink>" msgstr "un engagement dans la liberté du logiciel : <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Le contrat social Debian et les Lignes directrices du logiciel libre selon Debian (DFSG)</ulink> ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:823 msgid "Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>" msgstr "un effort distribué, volontaire et bénévole, basé sur Internet : <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:828 msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares" msgstr "un grand nombre de logiciels de grande qualité et déjà compilés ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:833 msgid "Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates" msgstr "l’accent sur la stabilité et la sécurité avec un accès facile aux mises à jour de sécurité ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:838 msgid "Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives" msgstr "l’accent sur une mise à niveau en douceur vers les dernières versions des logiciels par l’utilisation des archives <literal>unstable</literal> et <literal>testing</literal> ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:843 msgid "Large number of supported hardware architectures" msgstr "la prise en charge d'un grand nombre d'architectures matérielles." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:847 msgid "Free Software pieces in Debian come from <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> and many more independent free software projects. Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system." msgstr "Les éléments des logiciels libres de Debian proviennent de <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openofficeorg;\">OpenOffice.org</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mysql;\">MySQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> et de nombreux autres projets de logiciels libres indépendants. Debian intègre cette diversité de logiciels libres dans un seul système." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:850 msgid "About this document" msgstr "À propos de ce document" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:852 msgid "Guiding rules" msgstr "Règles" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:853 msgid "Following guiding rules are followed while compiling this document." msgstr "Les règles suivantes ont été suivies lors de la compilation de ce document :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:857 msgid "Provide overview and skip corner cases. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big Picture</emphasis>)" msgstr "fournir un aperçu et passer les cas marginaux (<emphasis role=\"strong\">vue d'ensemble</emphasis>) ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:862 msgid "Keep It Short and Simple. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)" msgstr "le garder court et simple (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>) ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:867 msgid "Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to <emphasis role=\"strong\">the existing references</emphasis>)" msgstr "ne pas réinventer la roue (utiliser des liens pointant vers <emphasis role=\"strong\">les références existantes</emphasis>) ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:872 msgid "Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell examples</emphasis>)" msgstr "mettre l’accent sur les outils n'ayant pas d'interface graphique ou en mode console (utiliser <emphasis role=\"strong\">des exemples en ligne de commande</emphasis>) ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:877 msgid "Be objective. (Use <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> etc.)" msgstr "être objectif (utiliser <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink>, etc.)." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:882 msgid "I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system." msgstr "J'ai essayé d'élucider les aspects hiérarchiques et les niveaux les plus bas du système." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:886 msgid "Prerequisites" msgstr "Exigences de départ" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><warning><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><warning><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:888 msgid "You are expected to make good efforts to seek answers by yourself beyond this documentation. This document only gives efficient starting points." msgstr "On attend de vous que vous fassiez des efforts pour rechercher des réponses par vous-même au-delà de cette documentation. Ce document ne donne que des points de départs efficaces." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:890 msgid "You must seek solution by yourself from primary sources." msgstr "Vous devez chercher vous-même une solution dans les sources primaires :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:894 msgid "The Debian site at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> for the general information" msgstr "le site Debian se trouvant à <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink> pour les informations générales ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:899 msgid "The documentation under the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/<package_name></literal>\" directory" msgstr "la documentation se trouvant dans le répertoire « <literal>/usr/share/doc/<nom_paquet></literal> » :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:904 msgid "The Unix style <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L <package_name> |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\"" msgstr "les <emphasis role=\"strong\">pages de manuel (manpage)</emphasis> de style Unix  : « <literal>dpkg -L <nom_paquet> |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal> » ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:909 msgid "The GNU style <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L <package_name> |grep '/info/'</literal>\"" msgstr "les <emphasis role=\"strong\">pages info</emphasis> de style GNU : « <literal>dpkg -L <nom_paquet> |grep '/info/'</literal> » ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:914 msgid "The bug report: <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian.org/<package_name></ulink>" msgstr "les signalements de bogues : <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\"> http://bugs.debian.org/<nom_paquet></ulink> ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:919 msgid "The Debian Wiki at <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink> for the moving and specific topics" msgstr "le Wiki Debian se trouvant à <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorg;\">http://wiki.debian.org/</ulink> pour les sujets spécifiques ou changeants ;" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:924 msgid "The HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at <ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink>" msgstr "les HOWTOs du Projet de documentation Linux (TLDP) se trouvant à <ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink> ;" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:929 msgid "The Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group's The UNIX System Home Page at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>" msgstr "« The Single UNIX Specification » depuis la page d'entrée « The UNIX System » de l’Open Group située à <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:934 msgid "The free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwwikipediaorg;\">http://www.wikipedia.org/</ulink>" msgstr "l’encyclopédie libre de Wikipedia se trouvant à <ulink url=\"&httpwwwwikipediaorg;\">http://www.wikipedia.org/</ulink>." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:939 msgid "For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" as its suffix." msgstr "Pour accéder à une documentation détaillée, vous devrez installer les paquets de documentation qui correspondent au nom du paquet avec le suffixe « <literal>.doc</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:943 msgid "Conventions" msgstr "Conventions" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:944 msgid "This document provides information through the following simplified presentation style with <literal>bash</literal>(1) shell command examples." msgstr "Ce document fournit des informations en utilisant le style de présentation simplifié suivant, avec des exemples de commandes de l’interpréteur <literal> bash</literal>(1) :" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:945 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# <command in root account>\n" "$ <command in user account>" msgstr "" "# <commande avec le compte root>\n" "$ <commande avec le compte d'un utilisateur>" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:947 msgid "These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set environment variables as: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\" and \"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\". These values are chosen for the sake of readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system." msgstr "Ces invites de l’interpréteur de commandes permettent de distinguer le compte utilisé et correspondent à la définition des variables d'environnement « <literal>PS1='\\$'</literal> » et « <literal>PS2=' '</literal> ». Ces valeurs ont été choisies pour ce document dans un but de lisibilité, elles ne sont pas représentatives d'un système réel." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:949 msgid "See the meaning of the \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" and \"<literal>$PS2</literal>\" environment variables in <literal>bash</literal>(1)." msgstr "Voir la signification des variables d'environnement « <literal>$PS1</literal> » et « <literal>$PS2</literal> » dans <literal>bash</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:951 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Action</emphasis> required by the system administrator is written in the imperative sentence, e.g. \"Type Enter-key after typing each command string to the shell.\"" msgstr "L’<emphasis role=\"strong\">action</emphasis> demandée à l’administrateur du système est écrite sous forme d'une phrase impérative, par exemple « Pressez la touche Entrée après la saisie de chaque chaîne de commande dans l’interpréteur de commandes. »" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:952 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">description</emphasis> column and similar ones in the table may contain a <emphasis role=\"strong\">noun phrase</emphasis> following <ulink url=\"&thepackageshortdiptionconvention;\">the package short description convention</ulink> which drops leading articles such as \"a\" and \"the\". They may alternatively contain an infinitive phrase as a <emphasis role=\"strong\">noun phrase</emphasis> without leading \"to\" following the short command description convention in manpages. These may look funny to some people but are my intentional choices of style to keep this documentation as simple as possible. These <emphasis role=\"strong\">Noun phrases</emphasis> do not capitalize their starting nor end with periods following these short description convention." msgstr "La colonne de <emphasis role=\"strong\">description</emphasis> ou similaire dans le tableau peut contenir une <emphasis role=\"strong\">locution nominale</emphasis> selon la <ulink url=\"&thepackageshortdiptionconvention;\">convention de description courte du paquet</ulink> qui supprime les articles se trouvant en tête tels que  « un » et « le » (« a », « the »). Elle peut contenir une phrase à l’infinitif comme <emphasis role=\"strong\">locution nominale</emphasis> sans le « to » de tête (NdT : en français, une phrase impérative commençant par un verbe à l’infinitif), suivie de la description courte de la commande selon la convention des pages de manuel. Ceci peut sembler bizarre à certaines personnes mais ce sont les choix voulus par l’auteur afin de garder cette documentation la plus simple possible. Ces <emphasis role=\"strong\">locutions nominales</emphasis>, selon cette convention de description courte, n'ont pas de majuscule à la première lettre et ne se terminent pas par un point." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:954 msgid "Proper nouns including command names keeps their case irrespective of their location." msgstr "Les noms propres, y-compris les noms de commandes, gardent leur casse indépendamment de l’endroit où ils se trouvent." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:956 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command snippet</emphasis> quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"." msgstr "Un <emphasis role=\"strong\">morceau de commande</emphasis> cité dans le paragraphe d'un texte sera signalé par une police « typewriter » (machine à écrire) entre guillemets, comme par exemple « <literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:957 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">text data</emphasis> from a configuration file quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"." msgstr "Les <emphasis role=\"strong\">données textuelles</emphasis> d'un fichier de configuration citées dans un paragraphe seront signalées par une police de type machine à écrire entre guillemets, comme par exemple « <literal>deb-src</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:958 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>bash</literal>(1). You are encouraged to obtain information by typing the following." msgstr "Une <emphasis role=\"strong\">commande</emphasis> sera indiquée par son nom dans la police machine à écrire suivi, de manière optionnelle, par le numéro de section de la page de manuel entre parenthèses, comme par exemple <literal>bash</literal>(1). Vous êtes encouragé à rechercher des informations complémentaires en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:959 #, no-wrap msgid "$ man 1 bash" msgstr "$ man 1 bash" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:960 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as <literal>sources.list</literal>(5). You are encouraged to obtain information by typing the following." msgstr "Une <emphasis role=\"strong\">page de manuel</emphasis> est indiquée par son nom dans la police machine à écrire suivie, entre parenthèses, du numéro de la section de la page de manuel, comme par exemple, <literal>sources.list </literal>(5). Vous êtes encouragé à rechercher des informations complémentaires en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:961 #, no-wrap msgid "$ man 5 sources.list" msgstr "$ man 5 sources.list" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:962 msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis> is referred by its command snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>info make</literal>\". You are encouraged to obtain information by typing the following." msgstr "Une <emphasis role=\"strong\">page info</emphasis> est indiquée par un fragment entre guillemets de la commande correspondante dans la police machine à écrire, comme par exemple, « <literal>info make</literal> ». Vous êtes encouragé à rechercher des informations complémentaires en entrant :" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:963 #, no-wrap msgid "$ info make" msgstr "$ info make" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:964 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">filename</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\". For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain information by typing the following." msgstr "Un <emphasis role=\"strong\">nom de fichier</emphasis> est indiqué par une police machine à écrire entre guillemets, comme par exemple, « <literal>/etc/passwd</literal> ». En ce qui concerne les fichiers de configuration, vous êtes encouragé à rechercher des informations complémentaires en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:965 #, no-wrap msgid "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\"" msgstr "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\"" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:966 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\". You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing the following." msgstr "Un <emphasis role=\"strong\">nom de répertoire</emphasis> est indiqué par la police machine à écrire entre guillemets, comme par exemple, « <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal> ». Vous êtes encouragé à explorer son contenu en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:967 #, no-wrap msgid "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\"" msgstr "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\"" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:968 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">package name</emphasis> is referred by its name in the typewriter font, such as <literal>vim</literal>. You are encouraged to obtain information by typing the following." msgstr "Un <emphasis role=\"strong\">nom de paquet</emphasis> est indiqué par son nom dans la police machine à écrire, comme par exemple <literal>vim</literal>. Vous êtes encouragé à rechercher des informations complémentaires en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:969 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ dpkg -L vim\n" "$ apt-cache show vim\n" "$ aptitude show vim" msgstr "" "$ dpkg -L vim\n" "$ apt-cache show vim\n" "$ aptitude show vim" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:972 msgid "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\"; or by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as <ulink url=\"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>. You are encouraged to read the documentation by typing the following." msgstr "On peut indiquer l’emplacement d'une <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> par son nom de fichier dans la police machine à écrire entre guillemets, comme par exemple « <literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal> » et « <literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal> » ou par son <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, comme par exemple <ulink url= \"&httpwwwdebianorg;\">http://www.debian.org</ulink>. Vous êtes encouragé à lire la documentation en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:973 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n" "$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n" "$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\"" msgstr "" "$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n" "$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n" "$ sensible-browse \"http://www.debian.org\"" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:976 msgid "An <emphasis role=\"strong\">environment variable</emphasis> is referred by its name with leading \"<literal>$</literal>\" in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\". You are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing the following." msgstr "Une <emphasis role=\"strong\">variable d'environnement</emphasis> est indiquée par son nom précédé d’un « <literal>$</literal> » dans la police machine à écrire entre guillemets, comme par exemple « <literal>$TERM</literal> ». Vous êtes encouragé à obtenir sa valeur actuelle en entrant :" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:977 #, no-wrap msgid "$ echo \"$TERM\"" msgstr "$ echo \"$TERM\"" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:980 msgid "Debian BTS" msgstr "BTS Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:981 msgid "Astarisk \"*\" placed right after each package name is linked to <ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian bug tracking system (BTS)</ulink> of each package." msgstr "Une astérisque « * » placée juste après chaque nom de paquet est liée au <ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">système de suivi des bogues de Debian (BTS)</ulink> de chaque paquet." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:984 msgid "The popcon" msgstr "Le concours de popularité (« popcon »)" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:985 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> data is presented as the objective measure for the popularity of each package. It was downloaded on &pop-date; and contains the total submission of &pop-submissions; reports over &pop-packages; binary packages and &pop-architectures; architectures." msgstr "Les données du <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> sont présentées comme une manière objective de mesurer la popularité de chaque paquet. Elles sont téléchargées depuis &pop-date; et contiennent un total de &pop-submissions; soumissions de rapports pour &pop-packages; paquets binaires et &pop-architectures; architectures." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:987 msgid "Please note that the <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> archive contains only &all-packages; packages currently. The popcon data contains reports from many old system installations." msgstr "Vous remarquerez que l’archive <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable </literal> ne contient actuellement que &all-packages; paquets. Les données de popularité contiennent des rapports venant de nombreuses installations anciennes." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:989 msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"V:\" for \"votes\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"." msgstr "Le numéro de « popcon », précédé par un « V: » pour « votes », est calculé par « 100 * (soumissions popcon pour le paquet exécuté récemment sur le PC)/(nombre total des soumissions popcon) »." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:990 msgid "The popcon number preceded with \"I:\" for \"installs\" is calculated by \"100 * (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)\"." msgstr "Le numéro de « popcon », précédé par un « I: » pour « installations », est calculé par « 100 * (soumissions popcon pour le paquet installé sur le PC)/(nombre total des soumissions popcon) »." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:992 msgid "The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the importance of packages. There are many factors which can skew statistics. For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories such as \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled \"vote\" from such system." msgstr "Les données numériques de popcon ne doivent pas être considérées comme des mesures absolues de l’importance des paquets. Il y a de nombreux facteurs qui peuvent fausser les statistiques. Par exemple, certains systèmes participant au popcon ont monté des répertoires tels que « <literal>/bin</literal> » avec l’option « <literal>noatime</literal> » afin d'améliorer les performances du système et ont, de ce fait, désactivé le « vote » de tels systèmes." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:996 msgid "The package size" msgstr "Taille du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:997 msgid "The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each package. It is based on the \"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\" reported by \"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\" or \"<literal>aptitude show</literal>\" command (currently on <literal>&arch;</literal> architecture for the <literal>unstable</literal> release). The reported size is in KiB (<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = unit for 1024 bytes)." msgstr "Les données correspondant à la taille du paquet sont aussi présentées comme une mesure objective de chacun des paquets. Elles sont basées sur « <literal>Installed-Size:</literal> » (« taille installée ») indiquée par la commande « <literal>apt-cache show</literal> » ou « <literal>aptitude show </literal> » (actuellement sur l’architecture <literal>&arch;</literal> et pour la version <literal>unstable</literal>). La taille est indiquée en Kio (<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">kibioctet</ulink> = unité pour 1024 octets)." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:999 msgid "A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is a dummy package which installs other packages with significant contents by the dependency. The dummy package enables a smooth transition or split of the package." msgstr "Si un paquet a une taille de faible valeur numérique, cela peut vouloir dire que le paquet de la version <literal>unstable</literal> est un paquet « dummy » qui permet l’installation par dépendances d'autres paquets ayant un contenu significatif. Un paquet dummy permet une transition en douceur ou un éclatement du paquet." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1002 msgid "A package size followed by \"(*)\" indicates that the package in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is missing and the package size for the <literal>experimental</literal> release is used instead." msgstr "Une taille de paquet suivie de « (*) » indique que la version <literal>unstable</literal> du paquet est absente et que la taille du paquet venant de la version <literal>experimental</literal> a été utilisée en remplacement." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1006 msgid "Bug reports on this document" msgstr "Signalements de bogues concernant ce document" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1007 msgid "Please file bug reports on the <literal>debian-reference</literal> package using <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) if you find any issues on this document. Please include correction suggestion by \"<literal>diff -u</literal>\" to the plain text version or to the source." msgstr "Si vous découvrez des problèmes dans ce document, veuillez signaler les bogues du paquet <literal>debian-reference</literal> en utilisant <literal>reportbug</literal>(1). Veuillez inclure des suggestions de correction en lançant « <literal>diff -u</literal> » sur la version en texte brut ou sur le source." # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1011 msgid "Some quotes for new users" msgstr "Quelques citations pour les nouveaux utilisateurs" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1012 msgid "Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help enlighten new users." msgstr "Voici quelques citations intéressantes venant de la liste de diffusion Debian et qui peuvent aider les nouveaux utilisateurs à y voir plus clair :" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1016 msgid "\"This is Unix. It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal><miquels at cistron.nl></literal>" msgstr "« This is Unix. It gives you enough rope to hang yourself. » --- Miquel van Smoorenburg <literal><miquels@cistron.nl></literal> (C'est Unix. Il vous donne assez de corde pour vous pendre vous-même)." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1021 msgid "\"Unix IS user friendly… It's just selective about who its friends are.\" --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal><tollef at add.no></literal>" msgstr "« Unix IS user friendly... It's just selective about who its friends are. » --- Tollef Fog Heen <literal><tollef@add.no></literal> (Unix EST l’ami de l’utilisateur... Il choisit juste qui sont ses amis)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1028 msgid "GNU/Linux tutorials" msgstr "Didacticiels GNU/Linux" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1029 msgid "I think learning a computer system is like learning a new foreign language. Although tutorial books and documentation are helpful, you have to practice it yourself. In order to help you get started smoothly, I elaborate a few basic points." msgstr "Je pense qu’apprendre un système d'exploitation est comme apprendre une nouvelle langue étrangère. Bien que les livres de didacticiels et de documentation soient utiles, vous devrez pratiquer vous-même. Pour vous aider à vous lancer en douceur, je vais développer quelques points fondamentaux." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1030 msgid "The powerful design of <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> comes from the <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> operating system, i.e., a <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">multiuser</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">multitasking</ulink> operating system. You must learn to take advantage of the power of these features and similarities between Unix and GNU/Linux." msgstr "La puissance de la conception de <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> vient du système d'exploitation <ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink>, c'est-à-dire un système d'exploitation <ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">multi-utilisateurs</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&multitasking;\">multi-tâches</ulink>. Vous devrez apprendre à tirer parti de la puissance de ces fonctionnalités et des similitudes entre Unix et GNU/Linux." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1031 msgid "Don't shy away from Unix oriented texts and don't rely solely on GNU/Linux texts, as this robs you of much useful information." msgstr "N’écartez pas des textes orientés Unix en ne vous reposant que sur les textes GNU/Linux, ceci vous priverait de beaucoup d'informations utiles." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1033 msgid "If you have been using any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system for a while with command line tools, you probably know everything I explain here. Please use this as a reality check and refresher." msgstr "Si vous avez utilisé pendant un certain temps des systèmes <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">ressemblant à Unix</ulink> avec des outils en ligne de commande, vous connaissez sans doute tout ce que j'explique ici. Vous pourrez utiliser ce document pour actualiser vos connaissances." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1036 msgid "Console basics" msgstr "Bases pour la console" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1038 msgid "The shell prompt" msgstr "L’invite de l’interpréteur de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1039 msgid "Upon starting the system, you are presented with the character based login screen if you did not install <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>. Suppose your hostname is <literal>foo</literal>, the login prompt looks as follows." msgstr "Au démarrage du système, si vous n'avez pas installé le <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">système X Window</ulink> avec un gestionnaire d'affichage tel que <literal>gdm</literal>, un écran d'identification en mode caractères vous est présenté. Supposons que le nom d'hôte de votre machine soit <literal>toto</literal>, l’invite d'identification ressemblera alors à ceci :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1040 #, no-wrap msgid "foo login:" msgstr "toto login:" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1041 msgid "If you did install a <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> environment such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, then you can get to a login prompt by Ctrl-Alt-F1, and you can return to the GUI environment via Alt-F7 (see <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> below for more)." msgstr "Si vous avez installé un <ulink url=\"&gui;\">environnement graphique</ulink> (GUI) tel que <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> ou <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, vous pouvez alors obtenir une telle invite d'identification par Ctrl-Alt-F1, vous pourrez ensuite revenir à l’environnement graphique par Alt-F7 (voir <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> ci-dessous pour davantage d'informations)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1042 msgid "At the login prompt, you type your username, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, and press the Enter-key, then type your password and press the Enter-key again." msgstr "À l’invite d'identification, entrez votre nom d'utilisateur, par exemple <literal>pingouin</literal>, et pressez la touche Entrée, entrez ensuite votre mot de passe et pressez de nouveau la touche Entrée." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1044 msgid "Following the Unix tradition, the username and password of the Debian system are case sensitive. The username is usually chosen only from the lowercase. The first user account is usually created during the installation. Additional user accounts can be created with <literal>adduser</literal>(8) by root." msgstr "Conformément à la tradition Unix, l’identifiant de l’utilisateur et le mot de passe sur un système Debian sont sensibles à la casse. L’identifiant de l’utilisateur est habituellement choisi uniquement en minuscules. Le premier compte d'utilisateur est normalement créé lors de l’installation. Des comptes d'utilisateurs supplémentaires peuvent être créés avec la commande <literal>adduser</literal>(8) par l’administrateur (root)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1046 msgid "The system starts with the greeting message stored in \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" (Message Of The Day) and presents a command prompt." msgstr "Le système démarre avec le message de bienvenue qui se trouve dans « <literal>/etc/motd</literal> » (Message du jour : « Message Of The Day ») et présente une invite de commande comme :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1047 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid foo tty1\n" "foo login: penguin\n" "Password:\n" "Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n" "Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n" "\n" "The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n" "the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n" "individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n" "\n" "Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n" "permitted by applicable law.\n" "foo:~$" msgstr "" "Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid toto tty1\n" "toto login: pingouin\n" "Password:\n" "Last login: Sun Apr 22 09:29:34 2007 on tty1\n" "Linux snoopy 2.6.20-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Apr 15 20:25:49 UTC 2007 x86_64\n" "\n" "The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n" "the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n" "individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n" "\n" "Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n" "permitted by applicable law.\n" "toto:~$" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1060 msgid "Here, the main part of the greeting message can be customized by editing the \"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\" file. The first line is generated from the system information using \"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\"." msgstr "Dans cet exemple, la partie principale du message d'accueil peut être personnalisée en éditant le fichier « <literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal> ». La première ligne est générée à partir des informations du système obtenues par la commande «  <literal>uname -snrvm</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1061 msgid "Now you are in the <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink>. The shell interprets your commands." msgstr "Vous êtes maintenant sous <ulink url=\"&shell;\">l’interpréteur de commandes</ulink> (« shell »). Le shell interprète vos commandes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1064 msgid "The shell prompt under X" msgstr "Invite de l’interpréteur de commandes sous X" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1065 msgid "If you installed <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with a display manager such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s <literal>gdm</literal> by selecting \"Desktop environment\" task during the installation, you are presented with the graphical login screen upon starting your system. You type your username and your password to login to the non-privileged user account. Use tab to navigate between username and password, or use the mouse and primary click." msgstr "Si, lors de l’installation, vous avez installé, avec le <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">système X Window</ulink>, un gestionnaire graphique de session tel que <literal>gdm</literal> de <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> en sélectionnant la tâche « Environnement de bureau », un écran d'identification graphique vous sera présenté au démarrage de votre système. Entrez votre nom d'utilisateur et votre mot de passe pour vous connecter à un compte d'utilisateur sans privilège. Utilisez la touche de tabulation pour passer du champ d'entrée de l’utilisateur à celui du mot de passe ou utilisez la souris et un clic-gauche." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1066 msgid "You can gain the shell prompt under X by starting a <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> program such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) or <literal>xterm</literal>(1). Under the GNOME Desktop environment, clicking \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal\" does the trick." msgstr "Sous X, vous pouvez obtenir une invite de l’interpréteur de commandes en lançant un programme d'<literal>émulation de terminal-x</literal> comme <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) ou <literal>xterm</literal>(1). Sous l’environnement de bureau GNOME, il suffit de cliquer « Applications » → « Accessoires » → « Terminal »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1067 msgid "You can also see the section below <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>." msgstr "Vous pouvez aussi consulter la <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> ci-dessous." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1068 msgid "Under some other Desktop systems (like <literal>fluxbox</literal>), there may be no obvious starting point for the menu. If this happens, just try (right) clicking the center of the screen and hope for a menu to pop-up." msgstr "Sous d'autres environnements de bureau (comme <literal>fluxbox</literal>), il peut ne pas y avoir de point d'entrée de menu évident. Si cela se produit, essayez simplement de faire un clic-droit au milieu de l’écran en espérant voir apparaître un menu." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1071 msgid "The root account" msgstr "Compte de l’administrateur (root)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1072 msgid "The root account is also called <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superuser</ulink> or privileged user. From this account, you can perform the following system administration tasks." msgstr "Le compte de l’administrateur (root) est encore appelé <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superutilisateur</ulink> ou utilisateur privilégié. Depuis ce compte, vous pouvez effectuer les opérations d'administrations du système suivantes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1076 msgid "Read, write, and remove any files on the system irrespective of their file permissions" msgstr "lire, écrire et effacer n'importe quel fichier du système quelles que soient ses permissions ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1081 msgid "Set file ownership and permissions of any files on the system" msgstr "définir le propriétaire et les permissions de n'importe quel fichier du système ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1086 msgid "Set the password of any non-privileged users on the system" msgstr "définir le mot de passe de n'importe quel utilisateur non-privilégié du système ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1091 msgid "Login to any accounts without their passwords" msgstr "vous connecter à n'importe quel compte sans mot de passe." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1095 msgid "This unlimited power of root account requires you to be considerate and responsible when using it." msgstr "La puissance illimitée du compte de l’administrateur fait que vous devez être attentif et responsable lorsque vous l’utilisez." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1097 msgid "Never share the root password with others." msgstr "Ne donnez jamais le mot de passe de l’administrateur à d'autres personnes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1100 msgid "File permissions of a file (including hardware devices such as CD-ROM etc. which are just another file for the Debian system) may render it unusable or inaccessible by non-root users. Although the use of root account is a quick way to test this kind of situation, its resolution should be done through proper setting of file permissions and user's group membership (see <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)." msgstr "Les permissions d'un fichier (y-compris les fichiers de périphériques tels que les CD-ROM ou autres, qui ne sont que des fichiers parmi d'autres pour le système Debian) peuvent le rendre inutilisable ou inaccessible à des utilisateurs autres que l’administrateur. Bien que l’utilisation du compte de l’administrateur soit un moyen rapide de test dans une telle situation, sa résolution devra être effectuée en définissant les droits de fichiers et les membres des groupes d'utilisateurs corrects (voir <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1104 msgid "The root shell prompt" msgstr "Invite de l’interpréteur de commandes pour l’administrateur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1105 msgid "Here are a few basic methods to gain the root shell prompt by using the root password." msgstr "Voici quelques méthodes de base pour obtenir l’invite de l’interpréteur de commande de l’administrateur en utilisant le mot de passe de « root » :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1109 msgid "Type <literal>root</literal> at the character based login prompt." msgstr "entrez <literal>root</literal> à l’invite de connexion en mode caractère ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1114 msgid "Click \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\", under the GNOME Desktop environment." msgstr "sous l’environnement de bureau GNOME, cliquez « Applications » → « Accessoires » → « Terminal administrateur » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1119 msgid "Type \"<literal>su -l</literal>\" from any user shell prompt." msgstr "entrez « <literal>su -l</literal> » depuis une invite quelconque de l’interpréteur de commandes ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1124 msgid "This does not preserve the environment of the current user." msgstr "ceci ne préserve pas l’environnement de l’utilisateur actuel." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1131 msgid "Type \"<literal>su</literal>\" from any user shell prompt." msgstr "entrez « <literal>su</literal> » depuis une invite quelconque de l’interpréteur de commandes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1136 msgid "This preserves some of the environment of the current user." msgstr "ceci préserve une partie de l’environnement de l’utilisateur actuel." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1144 msgid "GUI system administration tools" msgstr "Outils graphiques d'administration du système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1145 msgid "When your desktop menu does not start GUI system administration tools automatically with the appropriate privilege, you can start them from the root shell prompt of the X terminal emulator, such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1), or <literal>xterm</literal>(1). See <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>." msgstr "Lorsque le menu de votre environnement de bureau ne démarre pas automatiquement, avec les droits appropriés, l’interface graphique des outils d'administration du système, vous pouvez les démarrer depuis l’invite de l’interpréteur du compte de l’administrateur dans un émulateur de terminal X, tel que <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), <literal>rxvt</literal>(1) ou <literal>xterm</literal>(1). Voir <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> et <xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1147 msgid "Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal>(1)." msgstr "Ne jamais lancer un affichage X ou un gestionnaire de session avec le compte de l’administrateur en entrant <literal>root</literal> à l’invite d'un gestionnaire d'écran tel que <literal>gdm</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1150 msgid "Never run untrusted remote GUI program under X Window when critical information is displayed since it may eavesdrop your X screen." msgstr "Ne jamais faire tourner de programme distant non sûrs avec une interface graphique sous X window lorsque des informations critiques sont affichées parce votre écran X peut être espionné." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1154 msgid "Virtual consoles" msgstr "Consoles virtuelles" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1155 msgid "In the default Debian system, there are six switchable <ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100-like</ulink> character consoles available to start the command shell directly on the Linux host. Unless you are in a GUI environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the <literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> and one of the <literal>F1</literal> — <literal>F6</literal> keys simultaneously. Each character console allows independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment. This multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive." msgstr "Il y a, dans le système Debian par défaut, six consoles commutables en mode caractères de type <ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100</ulink> disponibles pour lancer directement l’interpréteur de commandes sur la machine Linux. À moins que vous ne disposiez d'un environnement graphique, vous pouvez basculer entre les consoles virtuelles en pressant la <literal>touche Alt de gauche</literal> et, simultanément, l’une des touches <literal>F1</literal> à <literal>F6</literal>. Chaque console en mode caractères permet de se connecter de manière indépendante à un compte et offre un environnement multi-utilisateurs. Cet environnement multi-utilisateurs est une fonctionnalité intéressante d’Unix, très vite, on ne peut plus s'en passer." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1156 msgid "If you are under the X Window System, you gain access to the character console 1 by pressing <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal> key, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-key</literal>, and the <literal>F1-key</literal> are pressed together. You can get back to the X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing <literal>Alt-F7</literal>." msgstr "Depuis le système, vous avez accès à la console 1 en pressant la combinaison de touches <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal>, c'est-à-dire que la <literal>touche Ctrl de gauche</literal>, la <literal>touche Alt de gauche</literal> et la <literal> touche F1</literal> sont pressées simultanément. Vous pouvez revenir au système X Window, qui tourne normalement sur la console virtuelle 7, en pressant <literal>Alt-F7</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1157 msgid "You can alternatively change to another virtual console, e.g. to the console 1, from the commandline." msgstr "Vous pouvez aussi changer de console virtuelle, par exemple pour la console 1, par la commande :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1158 #, no-wrap msgid "# chvt 1" msgstr "# chvt 1" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1161 msgid "How to leave the command prompt" msgstr "Comment quitter l’invite de l’interpréteur de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1162 msgid "You type <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal> and the <literal>d-key</literal> pressed together, at the command prompt to close the shell activity. If you are at the character console, you return to the login prompt with this. Even though these control characters are referred as \"control D\" with the upper case, you do not need to press the Shift-key. The short hand expression, <literal>^D</literal>, is also used for <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>. Alternately, you can type \"exit\"." msgstr "Pour arrêter l’activité de l’interpréteur de commandes, entrez <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, c'est-à-dire la <literal>touche Ctrl de gauche</literal> et la <literal>touche d</literal> pressées simultanément, à l’invite de l’interpréteur. Si vous êtes sur une console en mode caractères, ceci vous fera retourner alors à l’invite d'identification. Même si on se réfère à ces caractères de commande avec « control D » en majuscule, il n'est pas nécessaire de presser la touche majuscule. Le raccourci <literal>^D</literal>, est aussi utilisé pour <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>. Vous pouvez aussi entrer « exit »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1163 msgid "If you are at <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal>(1), you can close <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> window with this." msgstr "Si vous êtes sur un <literal>émulateur de x-terminal</literal>(1), vous pouvez fermer la fenêtre de <literal>l’émulateur de terminal-x</literal> de la même manière." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1166 msgid "How to shutdown the system" msgstr "Comment arrêter le système" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1167 msgid "Just like any other modern OS where the file operation involves <ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">caching data</ulink> in memory for improved performance, the Debian system needs the proper shutdown procedure before power can safely be turned off. This is to maintain the integrity of files, by forcing all changes in memory to be written to disk. If the software power control is available, the shutdown procedure automatically turns off power of the system. (Otherwise, you may have to press power button for few seconds after the shutdown procedure.)" msgstr "Comme tout autre système d'exploitation moderne où les opérations sur les fichiers mettent en œuvre un <ulink url=\"&cachingdata;\">cache de données</ulink> en mémoire afin d'améliorer les performances, le système Debian demande que l’on exécute une procédure d'arrêt adaptée avant que le système ne puisse être mis hors tension. Ceci permet de maintenir l’intégrité des fichiers, en forçant l’écriture sur disque de toutes les informations conservées en mémoire. Si un logiciel de contrôle de l’alimentation est disponible, la procédure d'arrêt coupera automatiquement l’alimentation du système. (Sinon, vous devrez presser le bouton d'alimentation pendant quelques secondes une fois la procédure d'arrêt terminée)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1168 msgid "You can shutdown the system under the normal multiuser mode from the commandline." msgstr "Dans le mode normal multi-utilisateurs, vous pouvez arrêter le système depuis la ligne de commandes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1169 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown -h now" msgstr "# shutdown -h now" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1170 msgid "You can shutdown the system under the single-user mode from the commandline." msgstr "Dans le mode normal mono-utilisateur, vous pouvez arrêter le système depuis la ligne de commandes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1171 #, no-wrap msgid "# poweroff -i -f" msgstr "# poweroff -i -f" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1172 msgid "Alternatively, you may type <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal> (The <literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>, and the <literal>Delete</literal> are pressed together) to shutdown if \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" contains \"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\" in it. See <literal>inittab</literal>(5) for details." msgstr "Pour arrêter le système, vous pouvez aussi utiliser <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Suppr</literal> (la <literal>touche Ctrl de gauche</literal>, la <literal>touche Alt de gauche</literal> et la <literal>touche Suppr</literal> pressées simultanément) si la ligne <literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal> » se trouve dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/inittab</literal> ». Voir <literal>inittab</literal>(5) pour davantage d'informations." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1173 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_remote_system_on_ssh\"/>." msgstr "Voir <xref linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_remote_system_on_ssh\"/>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1176 msgid "Recovering a sane console" msgstr "Récupérer une console propre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1177 msgid "When the screen goes berserk after doing some funny things such as \"<literal>cat <some-binary-file></literal>\", type \"<literal>reset</literal>\" at the command prompt. You may not be able to see the command echoed as you type. You may also issue \"<literal>clear</literal>\" to clean up the screen." msgstr "Lorsque l’écran est corrompu après que vous ayez fait des choses amusantes comme « <literal>cat <un-fichier-binaire></literal> » entrez « <literal>reset</literal> » à l’invite de commande. Il est possible que vous ne voyiez pas ce que vous entrez. Vous pouvez aussi entrer « <literal>clear</literal> » pour nettoyer l’écran." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1180 msgid "Additional package suggestions for the newbie" msgstr "Suggestions de paquets supplémentaires pour le débutant" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1181 msgid "Although even the minimal installation of the Debian system without any desktop environment tasks provides the basic Unix functionality, it is a good idea to install few additional commandline and curses based character terminal packages such as <literal>mc</literal> and <literal>vim</literal> with <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) for beginners to get started by the following." msgstr "Bien que même une installation minimale du système Debian sans aucune tâche d'environnement de bureau fournisse les fonctionnalités Unix de base, c'est une bonne idée pour les débutants d'installer pour commencer quelques paquets de ligne de commandes ou de terminal en mode caractères basé sur « curses » comme <literal>mc</literal> et <literal>vim</literal> avec <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) en utilisant les commandes suivantes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# apt-get update\n" " ...\n" "# apt-get install mc vim sudo\n" " ..." msgstr "" "# apt-get update\n" " ...\n" "# apt-get install mc vim sudo\n" " ..." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1186 msgid "If you already had these packages installed, no new packages are installed." msgstr "Si vous avez déjà installé ces paquets, aucun nouveau paquet ne sera installé." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1188 msgid "List of interesting text-mode program packages" msgstr "Liste de paquets de programmes intéressants en mode texte" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1197 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1281 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2654 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5084 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8797 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9148 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9374 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10352 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10422 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10973 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13974 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14128 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14315 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14409 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14910 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15027 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15152 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15350 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15477 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15579 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16062 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16254 #: 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debian-reference.en.xmlt:30801 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30802 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30808 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30809 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30810 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30816 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30817 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30818 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30969 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30970 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30971 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30980 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30981 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30982 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30991 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:30992 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30993 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:31002 debian-reference.en.xmlt:31003 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:31004 msgid "DUMMY" msgstr "DUMMY" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1216 msgid "A text-mode full-screen file manager" msgstr "gestionnaire de fichiers plein écran en mode texte" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1224 msgid "A program to allow limited root privileges to users" msgstr "programme donnant aux utilisateurs des privilèges d'administration limités" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1232 msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (standard version)" msgstr "éditeur de texte Unix Vi amélioré (Vi IMproved), éditeur de texte pour programmeurs (version standard)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1240 msgid "Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (compact version)" msgstr "éditeur de texte Unix Vi amélioré (Vi IMproved), éditeur de texte pour programmeurs (version compacte)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1248 msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor (version 23)" msgstr "projet GNU Emacs, éditeur de texte extensible basé sur Lisp (version 23)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1256 msgid "Text-mode WWW browsers" msgstr "navigateurs WWW en mode texte" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1264 msgid "The Unix style cut-and-paste on the text console (daemon)" msgstr "couper-coller à la mode Unix sur une console texte (démon)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1270 msgid "It may be a good idea to read some informative documentations." msgstr "Ce peut être une bonne idée de lire quelques documentations." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1272 msgid "List of informative documentation packages" msgstr "Liste de paquets de documentation" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1300 msgid "Debian Project documentation, (Debian FAQ) and other documents" msgstr "projet de documentation Debian, (FAQ Debian) et autres documents" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1308 msgid "Debian Policy Manual and related documents" msgstr "Charte Debian et documents associés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1316 msgid "Guidelines and information for Debian developers" msgstr "Guides et informations pour les responsables Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1324 msgid "Debian New Maintainers' Guide" msgstr "Guide des nouveaux responsables Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1332 msgid "History of the Debian Project" msgstr "Histoire du projet Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1340 msgid "Debian FAQ" msgstr "FAQ Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1348 msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (text)" msgstr "HOWTO et FAQ Linux (texte)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1356 msgid "Linux HOWTOs and FAQ (html)" msgstr "HOWTO et FAQ Linux (html)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1364 msgid "The Linux System Administrators' Guide" msgstr "Guide de l’administrateur système (« The Linux System Administrators' Guide »)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1370 msgid "You can install some of these packages by the following." msgstr "Vous pouvez installer quelques-uns de ces paquets en passant les commandes suivantes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1371 #, no-wrap msgid "# apt-get install package_name" msgstr "# apt-get install nom_paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1374 msgid "An extra user account" msgstr "Compte pour un utilisateur supplémentaire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1375 msgid "If you do not want to use your main user account for the following training activities, you can create a training user account, e.g. <literal>fish</literal> by the following." msgstr "Si vous ne souhaitez pas utiliser votre compte d'utilisateur principal pour les activités de formation qui suivent, vous pouvez créer un compte de formation, par exemple <literal>poisson</literal> en passant la commande qui suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1376 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser fish" msgstr "# adduser poisson" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1377 msgid "Answer all questions." msgstr "Répondez à toutes les questions." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1378 msgid "This creates a new account named as <literal>fish</literal>. After your practice, you can remove this user account and its home directory by the following." msgstr "Ceci va créer un nouveau compte appelé <literal>poisson</literal>. Après vos exercices, vous pourrez supprimer ce compte d'utilisateur et son répertoire personnel par :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1379 #, no-wrap msgid "# deluser --remove-home fish" msgstr "# deluser --remove-home poisson" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1382 msgid "sudo configuration" msgstr "Configuration de sudo" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1383 msgid "For the typical single user workstation such as the desktop Debian system on the laptop PC, it is common to deploy simple configuration of <literal>sudo</literal>(8) as follows to let the non-privileged user, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege just with his user password but without the root password." msgstr "Pour une station de travail typique avec un seul utilisateur tel que le système de bureau Debian sur un PC de bureau, il est habituel de mettre en œuvre une configuration simple de <literal>sudo</literal>(8) comme suit afin que l’utilisateur non privilégié, par exemple <literal>pingouin</literal>, puisse obtenir les privilèges d'administration avec simplement son mot de passe personnel et non avec le mot de passe de l’administrateur :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1384 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo \"penguin ALL=(ALL) ALL\" >> /etc/sudoers" msgstr "# echo \"pingouin ALL=(ALL) ALL\" >> /etc/sudoers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1385 msgid "Alternatively, it is also common to do as follows to let the non-privileged user, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege without any password." msgstr "Il est aussi habituel, en remplacement, de faire comme suit afin que l’utilisateur non privilégié, par exemple <literal>pingouin</literal>, puisse obtenir les privilèges d'administration sans aucun mot de passe personnel." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1386 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo \"penguin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL\" >> /etc/sudoers" msgstr "# echo \"pingouin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL\" >> /etc/sudoers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1387 msgid "This trick should only be used for the single user workstation which you administer and where you are the only user." msgstr "Cette astuce ne doit être utilisée qu'avec une station de travail que vous administrez, n'ayant qu'un seul utilisateur et dont vous êtes le seul utilisateur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1389 msgid "Do not set up accounts of regular users on multiuser workstation like this because it would be very bad for system security." msgstr "Ne configurez pas de cette manière les utilisateurs normaux d'une station de travail multi-utilisateurs parce que cela serait très grave pour la sécurité du système." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1392 msgid "The password and the account of the <literal>penguin</literal> in the above example requires as much protection as the root password and the root account." msgstr "Le mot de passe et le compte du <literal>pingouin</literal> de l’exemple précédent doivent bénéficier de la même protection que le mot de passe et le compte de l’administrateur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1395 msgid "Administrative privilege in this context belongs to someone authorized to perform the system administration task on the workstation. Never give some manager in the Admin department of your company or your boss such privilege unless they are authorized and capable." msgstr "Le privilège d'administration, dans ce contexte, appartient à quelqu'un autorisé à effectuer les tâches d'administration du système sur la station de travail. Ne jamais donner un tel privilège à un responsable du département administratif de votre entreprise ni à votre patron, à moins qu'ils n'y soient autorisés et en soient capables." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1398 msgid "For providing access privilege to limited devices and limited files, you should consider to use <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> to provide limited access instead of using the <literal>root</literal> privilege via <literal>sudo</literal>(8)." msgstr "Pour donner un accès privilégié à certains périphériques et certains fichiers, vous devriez envisager l’utilisation d'un <emphasis role=\"strong\">groupe</emphasis> donnant un accès limité plutôt que d'utiliser le privilège de <literal>root</literal> par l’intermédiaire de <literal>sudo</literal>(8)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1401 msgid "With more thoughtful and careful configuration, <literal>sudo</literal>(8) can grant limited administrative privileges to other users on a shared system without sharing the root password. This can help with accountability with hosts with multiple administrators so you can tell who did what. On the other hand, you might not want anyone else to have such privileges." msgstr "Avec une configuration plus approfondie et prudente, <literal>sudo</literal>(8) peut permettre à d'autres utilisateurs d'obtenir des privilèges limités d'administration sur un système partagé sans partager le mot de passe de l’administrateur. Ceci peut faciliter la comptabilité sur les machines ayant plusieurs administrateurs de manière à ce que vous puissiez dire qui a fait quoi. D'un autre côté, vous ne devriez pas confier de tels privilèges à quelqu'un d'autre." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1405 msgid "Play time" msgstr "À vous de jouer" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1406 msgid "Now you are ready to play with the Debian system without risks as long as you use the non-privileged user account." msgstr "Vous êtres maintenant prêt à jouer avec le système Debian, sans risque aussi longtemps que vous utiliserez un compte d'utilisateur sans privilège." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1407 msgid "This is because the Debian system is, even after the default installation, configured with proper file permissions which prevent non-privileged users from damaging the system. Of course, there may still be some holes which can be exploited but those who worry about these issues should not be reading this section but should be reading <ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>." msgstr "Ceci, parce que le système Debian, même après l’installation initiale, est configuré avec des permissions de fichiers adaptées qui évitent aux utilisateurs non privilégiés d'endommager le système. Bien entendu, il peut y avoir certaines failles qui peuvent être exploités mais ceux qui s’inquiètent de ces problèmes ne devraient pas lire cette section mais plutôt le <ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Manuel de sécurisation</ulink> (« Securing Debian Manual »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1408 msgid "We learn the Debian system as a <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system with the following." msgstr "Nous allons apprendre le système Debian en tant que système <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">semblable à Unix</ulink> (« Unix-like ») avec :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1411 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (basic concept)" msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (concept de base) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1415 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (survival method)" msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (méthode de survie) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1419 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (basic method)" msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (méthode de base) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1423 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell mechanism)" msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (mécanisme de l’interpréteur de commandes) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1427 msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (text processing method)" msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (méthode de traitement des données textuelles)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1434 msgid "Unix-like filesystem" msgstr "Système de fichiers de type Unix" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1435 msgid "In GNU/Linux and other <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> operating systems, <ulink url=\"&files;\">files</ulink> are organized into <ulink url=\"&directories;\">directories</ulink>. All files and directories are arranged in one big tree rooted at \"<literal>/</literal>\". It's called a tree because if you draw the filesystem, it looks like a tree but it is upside down." msgstr "Avec GNU/Linux et d'autres systèmes d'exploitation <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">semblables à Unix</ulink>, les <ulink url=\"&files;\">fichiers</ulink> sont organisés en <ulink url=\"&directories;\">répertoires</ulink>. Tous les fichiers et les répertoires sont disposés sous forme d'une grosse arborescence ancrée sur « <literal>/</literal> ». On l’appelle un arbre parce que si vous dessinez le système de fichiers, il ressemble à un arbre qui se trouverait disposé la tête en bas." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1436 msgid "These files and directories can be spread out over several devices. <literal>mount</literal>(8) serves to attach the filesystem found on some device to the big file tree. Conversely, <literal>umount</literal>(8) detaches it again. On recent Linux kernels, <literal>mount</literal>(8) with some options can bind part of a file tree somewhere else or can mount filesystem as shared, private, slave, or unbindable. Supported mount options for each filesystem are available in \"<literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal>\"." msgstr "Ces fichiers et répertoires peuvent être répartis sur plusieurs périphériques. La commande <literal>mount</literal>(8) sert à attacher les systèmes de fichiers se trouvant sur certains périphériques à la grosse arborescence des fichiers. À l’opposé, la commande <literal>umount</literal>(8) les détachera de nouveau. Avec les noyaux Linux récents, <literal>mount</literal>(8) avec certaines options peut lier une partie d'une arborescence de fichiers à un autre emplacement ou peut monter un système de fichier de manière partagée, privée, esclave ou « non-liable ». Vous trouverez les options de montage prises en compte par chaque système de fichiers dans « <literal>/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1437 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Directories</emphasis> on Unix systems are called <emphasis role=\"strong\">folders</emphasis> on some other systems. Please also note that there is no concept for <emphasis role=\"strong\">drive</emphasis> such as \"<literal>A:</literal>\" on any Unix system. There is one filesystem, and everything is included. This is a huge advantage compared to Windows." msgstr "Les <emphasis role=\"strong\">répertoires</emphasis> d'un système Unix sont appelés <emphasis role=\"strong\">dossiers</emphasis> sur d'autres systèmes. Vous remarquez aussi qu'il n'y a, sur aucun système Unix, de concept de <emphasis role=\"strong\">lecteur</emphasis> tel que « <literal>A:</literal> ». Il y a un système de fichier qui comprend tout. C'est un gros avantage comparé à Windows." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1439 msgid "Unix file basics" msgstr "Bases concernant les fichiers Unix" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1440 msgid "Here are some Unix file basics." msgstr "Voici les bases des fichiers Unix :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1444 msgid "Filenames are <emphasis role=\"strong\">case sensitive</emphasis>. That is, \"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" and \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" are different files." msgstr "les noms de fichiers sont <emphasis role=\"strong\">sensibles à la casse</emphasis>. Ce qui veut dire que « <literal>MONFICHIER</literal> » et « <literal>MonFichier</literal> » sont des fichiers différents ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1449 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">root directory</emphasis> means root of the filesystem referred as simply \"<literal>/</literal>\". Don't confuse this with the home directory for the root user: \"<literal>/root</literal>\"." msgstr "on se réfère au <emphasis role=\"strong\">répertoire racine</emphasis> (« root directory »), qui est la racine du système de fichiers, simplement par « <literal>/</literal> ». Ne pas le confondre avec le répertoire personnel de l’utilisateur root : « <literal>/root</literal> » ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1454 msgid "Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols <emphasis role=\"strong\">except \"<literal>/</literal>\"</emphasis>. The root directory is an exception; its name is \"<literal>/</literal>\" (pronounced \"slash\" or \"the root directory\") and it cannot be renamed." msgstr "un nom de répertoire peut être constitué de n'importe quelle lettre ou symbole <emphasis role=\"strong\">sauf « <literal>/</literal> »</emphasis>. Le répertoire racine est une exception, son nom est « <literal>/</literal> » (prononcé « slash » ou « le répertoire racine »), il ne peut pas être renommé ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1459 msgid "Each file or directory is designated by a <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">absolute filename</emphasis>, or <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>, giving the sequence of directories which must be passed through to reach it. The three terms are synonymous." msgstr "chaque fichier ou répertoire est désigné par un <emphasis role=\"strong\">nom de fichier entièrement qualifié</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">nom de fichier absolu</emphasis> ou <emphasis role=\"strong\">chemin</emphasis>, indiquant la séquence de répertoires que l’on doit traverser pour l’atteindre. Les trois expressions sont synonymes ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1464 msgid "All <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filenames</emphasis> begin with the \"<literal>/</literal>\" directory, and there's a \"<literal>/</literal>\" between each directory or file in the filename. The first \"<literal>/</literal>\" is the top level directory, and the other \"<literal>/</literal>\"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file. The words used here can be confusing. Take the following <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as an example: \"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>\". However, people also refers to its basename \"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\" alone as a filename." msgstr "tous les <emphasis role=\"strong\">noms de fichiers entièrement qualifiés</emphasis> commencent par le répertoire « <literal>/</literal> » et il y a un <literal>/</literal> » entre chaque répertoire ou fichier dans le nom du fichier. Le premier « <literal>/</literal> » est le répertoire de plus haut niveau, et les autres « <literal>/</literal> » séparent les sous-répertoires successifs jusqu'à ce que l’on atteigne la dernière entrée qui est le nom fichier proprement dit. Les mots utilisés ici peuvent être source de confusion. Prenez comme exemple le <emphasis role=\"strong\">nom pleinement qualifié</emphasis> suivant : « <literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal> ». Cependant, les gens utiliseront souvent son nom de base « <literal>us.map.gz</literal> » seul comme nom de fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1469 msgid "The root directory has a number of branches, such as \"<literal>/etc/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/</literal>\". These subdirectories in turn branch into still more subdirectories, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\". The whole thing viewed collectively is called the <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory tree</emphasis>. You can think of an absolute filename as a route from the base of the tree (\"<literal>/</literal>\") to the end of some branch (a file). You also hear people talk about the directory tree as if it were a <emphasis role=\"strong\">family</emphasis> tree: thus subdirectories have <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis>, and a path shows the complete ancestry of a file. There are also relative paths that begin somewhere other than the root directory. You should remember that the directory \"<literal>../</literal>\" refers to the parent directory. This terminology also applies to other directory like structures, such as hierarchical data structures." msgstr "le répertoire racine comporte de nombreuses branches, telles que « <literal>/etc/</literal> » et « <literal>/usr/</literal> ». Ces sous-répertoires se décomposent eux-mêmes en d'autres sous-répertoires comme « <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal> » et « <literal>/usr/local/</literal> ». L’ensemble de la chose, vu globalement, s'appelle l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">arborescence des répertoires</emphasis>. Vous pouvez imaginer un nom de fichier absolu comme une route partant de la base de l’arbre (« <literal>/</literal> ») jusqu'à l’extrémité de certaines branches (le fichier). Vous entendrez aussi certains parler de l’arborescence des répertoire comme d'un arbre <emphasis role=\"strong\">généalogique</emphasis> : les sous-répertoires ont alors des <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis> et un chemin montre l’ascendance complète d'un fichier. Il y a aussi des chemins relatifs qui commencent quelque part ailleurs qu'au niveau du répertoire racine. Il faut vous souvenir que le répertoire « <literal>../</literal> » indique le répertoire parent. Cette terminologie s'applique de la même manière aux autre structures ressemblant aux répertoires comme les structures de données hiérarchiques ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1474 msgid "There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a physical device, such as your hard disk. This differs from <ulink url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"µsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, where the path contains a device name such as \"<literal>C:\\</literal>\". (However, directory entries do exist that refer to physical devices as a part of the normal filesystem. See <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>.)" msgstr "il n'y a pas de chemin de répertoire spécial correspondant à un périphérique physique tel que votre disque dur. Ceci est différent de <ulink url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink> et <ulink url=\"µsoftwindows;\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, où le chemin comporte le nom du périphérique comme « <literal>C:\\</literal> ». (Il existe cependant des entrées de répertoire qui font référence aux périphériques physique en tant qu'élément du système de fichiers normal. Voir <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1479 msgid "While you <emphasis role=\"strong\">can</emphasis> use almost any letters or symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so. It is better to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: <literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / > < | ; ! # & ^ * % @ $</literal> . If you want to separate words in a name, good choices are the period, hyphen, and underscore. You could also capitalize each word, \"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". Experienced Linux users tend to avoid spaces in filenames." msgstr "Bien que vous <emphasis role=\"strong\">puissiez</emphasis> utiliser la plupart des lettres ou symboles dans un nom de fichier, c'est en pratique un mauvaise idée de le faire. Il est préférable d'éviter tous les caractères qui ont une signification particulière sur la ligne de commandes, comme les espaces, tabulations, sauts de ligne, et autres caractères spéciaux : <literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / > < | ; ! # & ^ * % @ $</literal>. Si vous voulez séparer des mots dans un nom, de bons choix sont le point, le tiret et le tiret souligné. Vous pouvez aussi mettre une majuscule en tête de chaque mot « <literal>CommeCeci</literal> ». Les utilisateurs Linux expérimentés on tendance à aussi à éviter les espaces dans les noms de fichiers." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1482 msgid "The word \"root\" can mean either \"root user\" or \"root directory\". The context of their usage should make it clear." msgstr "Le mot « root » signifie soit « utilisateur root », soit « répertoire root » Le contexte de son utilisation devrait permettre de les distinguer." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1485 msgid "The word <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis> is used not only for <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as above but also for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">command search path</emphasis>. The intended meaning is usually clear from the context." msgstr "Le mot <emphasis role=\"strong\">chemin</emphasis> (« path ») n’est pas utilisé que pour les <emphasis role=\"strong\">noms de fichiers entièrement qualifiés </emphasis> comme ci-dessus mais aussi pour le <emphasis role=\"strong\">chemin de recherche des commandes</emphasis>. La signification voulue est habituellement claire selon le contexte." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1487 msgid "The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" and <literal>hier</literal>(7)). You should remember the following facts as the starter." msgstr "Les meilleures façons de faire en ce qui concerne la hiérarchie des fichiers sont détaillées dans le « Standard de hiérarchie du système de fichier » (« Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ») (« <literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal> » et <literal>hier</literal>(7)). Vous devriez, pour commencer, mémoriser les éléments suivants :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1489 msgid "List of usage of key directories" msgstr "Utilisation des répertoires-clés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1496 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1673 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9546 msgid "directory" msgstr "répertoire" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1499 msgid "usage of the directory" msgstr "utilisation du répertoire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1506 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3922 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6512 msgid "<literal>/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1509 msgid "the root directory" msgstr "répertoire racine" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1514 msgid "<literal>/etc/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/etc/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1517 msgid "system wide configuration files" msgstr "fichiers de configuration valables pour l’ensemble du système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1522 msgid "<literal>/var/log/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/log/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1525 msgid "system log files" msgstr "fichiers journaux du système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1530 msgid "<literal>/home/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/home/</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1533 msgid "all the home directories for all non-privileged users" msgstr "tous les répertoires personnels des utilisateurs non privilégiés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1541 msgid "Filesystem internals" msgstr "Fonctionnement interne du système de fichiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1542 msgid "Following the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix tradition</emphasis>, the Debian GNU/Linux system provides the <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</ulink> under which physical data on hard disks and other storage devices reside, and the interaction with the hardware devices such as console screens and remote serial consoles are represented in an unified manner under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"." msgstr "En suivant la <emphasis role=\"strong\">tradition Unix</emphasis>, le système Debian GNU/Linux fournit un <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">système de fichiers</ulink> où les données physiques se trouvent sur des disques durs et d’autres périphériques de stockage et où les interaction avec les périphériques physiques tels que les écrans de console et les consoles distantes connectées en séries sont représentées de manière unifiée dans « <literal>/dev/</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1543 msgid "Each file, directory, named pipe (a way two programs can share data), or physical device on a Debian GNU/Linux system has a data structure called an <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> which describes its associated attributes such as the user who owns it (owner), the group that it belongs to, the time last accessed, etc. If you are really interested, see \"<literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal>\" for the exact definition of \"<literal>struct inode</literal>\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system. The idea of representing just about everything in the filesystem was a Unix innovation, and modern Linux kernels have developed this idea ever further. Now, even information about processes running in the computer can be found in the filesystem." msgstr "Chaque fichier, répertoire, tube nommé (une manière pour les programmes de partager des données) ou périphérique physique sur un système Debian GNU/Linux possède une structure de données appelée <ulink url=\"&inode;\">i-nœud</ulink> (« inode ») qui décrit les attributs qui lui sont associés comme l’utilisateur qui le possède (propriétaire), le groupe auquel il appartient, l’heure de dernier accès, etc. Si vous êtes vraiment intéressé, voir dans « <literal>/usr/include/linux/fs.h</literal> » la définition exacte de « <literal>struct inode</literal> » dans le système Debian GNU/Linux. L’idée de pouvoir presque tout représenter dans le système de fichiers était une innovation d’Unix, et les noyaux modernes de Linux ont encore développé plus loin cette idée. À l’heure actuelle, même les informations concernant les processus qui tournent sur le système se trouvent sur le système de fichiers." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1544 msgid "This abstract and unified representation of physical entities and internal processes is very powerful since this allows us to use the same command for the same kind of operation on many totally different devices. It is even possible to change the way the kernel works by writing data to special files that are linked to running processes." msgstr "Cette représentation abstraite et unifiée des entités physiques et des processus internes est très puissante puisque ceci nous permet d'utiliser la même commande pour le même type d'opération sur des périphériques complètement différents. Il est même possible de changer la manière dont fonctionne le noyau en écrivant des données dans des fichiers spéciaux liés aux processus en cours d'exécution." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1546 msgid "If you need to identify the correspondence between the file tree and the physical entity, execute <literal>mount</literal>(8) with no arguments." msgstr "Si vous avez besoin de connaître la correspondance entre une arborescence de fichiers et un périphérique physique, lancez la commande <literal>mount</literal>(8) sans paramètre." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1550 msgid "Filesystem permissions" msgstr "Permissions du système de fichiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1551 msgid "<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">Filesystem permissions</ulink> of <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system are defined for three categories of affected users." msgstr "Les <ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">permissions du système de fichiers</ulink> d'un système <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">basé sur Unix</ulink> sont définies pour trois catégories d'utilisateurs :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1555 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>)" msgstr "l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">utilisateur</emphasis> qui possède le fichier (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1560 msgid "Other users in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>)" msgstr "les autres utilisateurs du <emphasis role=\"strong\">groupe</emphasis> à qui appartient le fichier (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1565 msgid "All <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis> users (<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>) also referred to as \"world\" and \"everyone\"" msgstr "tous les <emphasis role=\"strong\">autres</emphasis> utilisateurs (<emphasis role=\"strong\">o</emphasis>) dont on parle aussi en tant que « monde entier » ou « tout le monde »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1569 msgid "For the file, each corresponding permission allows following actions." msgstr "Pour les fichiers, chaque permission correspondante permet les actions suivantes :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1573 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>) permission allows owner to examine contents of the file." msgstr "la permission en <emphasis role=\"strong\">lecture</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>) permet à son propriétaire de voir le contenu du fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1578 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>) permission allows owner to modify the file." msgstr "la permission en <emphasis role=\"strong\">écriture</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>) permet à son propriétaire de modifier le fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1583 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) permission allows owner to run the file as a command." msgstr "la permission d'<emphasis role=\"strong\">exécution</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) permet à son propriétaire de lancer le fichier comme une commande." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1587 msgid "For the directory, each corresponding permission allows following actions." msgstr "Pour les répertoires, chaque permission correspondante permet les actions suivantes :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1591 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>) permission allows owner to list contents of the directory." msgstr "la permission en <emphasis role=\"strong\">lecture</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>) permet à son propriétaire d'afficher le contenu du répertoire ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1596 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>) permission allows owner to add or remove files in the directory." msgstr "la permission en <emphasis role=\"strong\">écriture</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis>) permet à son propriétaire d'ajouter ou supprimer des fichiers de ce répertoires ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1601 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) permission allows owner to access files in the directory." msgstr "la permission d'<emphasis role=\"strong\">exécution</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) permet à son propriétaire d'accéder aux fichiers du répertoire." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1605 msgid "Here, the <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> permission on a directory means not only to allow reading of files in that directory but also to allow viewing their attributes, such as the size and the modification time." msgstr "Ici, la permission en <emphasis role=\"strong\">exécution</emphasis> sur un répertoire ne signifie pas uniquement l’autorisation de lire des fichiers dans ce répertoire mais aussi l’autorisation de voir leurs attributs, tels que leur taille et l’heure de modification." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1606 msgid "<literal>ls</literal>(1) is used to display permission information (and more) for files and directories. When it is invoked with the \"<literal>-l</literal>\" option, it displays the following information in the order given." msgstr "<literal>ls</literal>(1) est utilisé pour afficher les informations de permissions (et davantage) des fichiers et répertoires. Lorsque cette commande est passée avec l’option « <literal>-l</literal> », elle affiche les informations suivantes dans l’ordre donné :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1609 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Type of file</emphasis> (first character)" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">type de fichier</emphasis> (premier caractère) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1614 msgid "Access <emphasis role=\"strong\">permission</emphasis> of the file (nine characters, consisting of three characters each for user, group, and other in this order)" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">autorisation</emphasis> d'accès au fichier (neuf caractères, constitués de trois caractères pour l’utilisateur, le groupe et « les autres », dans cet ordre) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1618 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Number of hard links</emphasis> to the file" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">nombre de liens durs</emphasis> vers le fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1623 msgid "Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file" msgstr "nom de l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">utilisateur</emphasis> propriétaire du fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1628 msgid "Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file belongs to" msgstr "nom du <emphasis role=\"strong\">groupe</emphasis> a qui appartient le fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1632 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Size</emphasis> of the file in characters (bytes)" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">taille</emphasis> du fichier en caractères (octets) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1636 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Date and time</emphasis> of the file (mtime)" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">date et heure</emphasis> du fichier (mtime) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1640 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Name</emphasis> of the file" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">nom</emphasis> du fichier." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1645 msgid "List of the first character of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output" msgstr "Liste des premiers caractères de la sortie de « <literal>ls -l</literal> » :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1652 msgid "character" msgstr "caractère" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1655 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1773 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2041 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3686 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9306 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9829 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10121 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12098 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12531 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12695 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:18684 debian-reference.en.xmlt:25800 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:26041 msgid "meaning" msgstr "signification" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1662 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6432 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24562 msgid "<literal>-</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1665 msgid "normal file" msgstr "fichier normal" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1670 msgid "<literal>d</literal>" msgstr "<literal>d</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1678 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6504 msgid "<literal>l</literal>" msgstr "<literal>l</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1681 msgid "symlink" msgstr "lien symbolique" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1686 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4541 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4544 msgid "<literal>c</literal>" msgstr "<literal>c</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1689 msgid "character device node" msgstr "nœud de périphérique en mode caractère" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1694 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20667 msgid "<literal>b</literal>" msgstr "<literal>b</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1697 msgid "block device node" msgstr "nœud de périphérique en mode bloc" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1702 msgid "<literal>p</literal>" msgstr "<literal>p</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1705 msgid "named pipe" msgstr "tube nommé" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1710 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20652 msgid "<literal>s</literal>" msgstr "<literal>s</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1713 msgid "socket" msgstr "socket" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1719 msgid "<literal>chown</literal>(1) is used from the root account to change the owner of the file. <literal>chgrp</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change the group of the file. <literal>chmod</literal>(1) is used from the file's owner or root account to change file and directory access permissions. Basic syntax to manipulate a <literal>foo</literal> file is the following." msgstr "<literal>chown</literal>(1) est utilisé depuis le compte de l’administrateur pour modifier le propriétaire d'un fichier. <literal>chgrp</literal>(1) est utilisé depuis le compte du propriétaire du fichier ou de l’administrateur pour changer le groupe du fichier. <literal>chmod</literal>(1) est utilisé depuis le compte du propriétaire du fichier ou de l’administrateur pour changer les droits d'accès à un fichier ou un répertoire. La syntaxe de base pour manipuler le fichier <literal>toto</literal> est la suivante :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1720 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown <newowner> foo\n" "# chgrp <newgroup> foo\n" "# chmod [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo" msgstr "" "# chown <nouvel_utilisateur> toto\n" "# chgrp <nouveau_groupe> toto\n" "# chmod [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] toto" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1723 msgid "For example, you can make a directory tree to be owned by a user <literal>foo</literal> and shared by a group <literal>bar</literal> by the following." msgstr "Vous pouvez, par exemple, faire qu'une arborescence de répertoires soit la propriété de l’utilisateur <literal>toto</literal> et partagée par le groupe <literal>titi</literal> en faisant ce qui suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1724 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /some/location/\n" "# chown -R foo:bar .\n" "# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ." msgstr "" "# cd /un/emplacement/\n" "# chown -R toto:titi .\n" "# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1727 msgid "There are three more special permission bits." msgstr "Il existe trois bits qui donnent des permissions particulières :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1731 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> bit (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of user's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)" msgstr "le bit <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> ou <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> situé à la place du <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) de l’utilisateur ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1736 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> bit (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of group's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)" msgstr "le bit <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis> ou <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> situé à la place du <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) du groupe ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1741 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky</emphasis> bit (<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> instead of other's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)" msgstr "le <emphasis role=\"strong\">bit collant</emphasis> « sticky bit » (<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</emphasis> ou <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> situé à la place du <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>) des « autres »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1745 msgid "Here the output of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" for these bits is <emphasis role=\"strong\">capitalized</emphasis> if execution bits hidden by these outputs are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unset</emphasis>." msgstr "Ici la sortie de « <literal>ls -l</literal> » avec ces bits est <emphasis role=\"strong\">en majuscules</emphasis> si les bits d'exécution cachés par ces sorties ne sont <emphasis role=\"strong\">pas positionnés</emphasis>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1746 msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the owner ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>). Similarly, setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on an executable file allows a user to execute the executable file with the group ID of the file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>). Because these settings can cause security risks, enabling them requires extra caution." msgstr "Définir <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> sur un fichier exécutable permet à un utilisateur d'exécuter les fichier avec l’identifiant du propriétaire du fichier (par exemple <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>). De la même manière, définir <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> sur un fichier exécutable permet d'exécuter le fichier avec l’identifiant de groupe du fichier (par exemple <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>). Parce que ces positionnements de bits peuvent créer des risques de sécurité, il ne faut les activer qu'avec des précautions extrêmes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1747 msgid "Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on a directory enables the <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD-like</ulink> file creation scheme where all files created in the directory belong to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> of the directory." msgstr "Définir <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> sur un répertoire permet la création de fichiers <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">à la BSD</ulink> où tous les fichiers créés dans un répertoire appartiennent au <emphasis role=\"strong\">groupe</emphasis> du répertoire." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1748 msgid "Setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on a directory prevents a file in the directory from being removed by a user who is not the owner of the file. In order to secure contents of a file in world-writable directories such as \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" or in group-writable directories, one must not only reset the <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> permission for the file but also set the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on the directory. Otherwise, the file can be removed and a new file can be created with the same name by any user who has write access to the directory." msgstr "Positionner le <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> d'un répertoire empêche un fichier de ce répertoire d'être supprimé par un utilisateur qui n'est pas le propriétaire du fichier. Pour sécuriser le contenu d'un fichier dans des répertoires pouvant être écrits par tout le monde tels que « <literal>/tmp</literal> » ou dans des répertoires pouvant être écrits par le groupe, il ne faut pas uniquement supprimer la permission du fichier en <emphasis role=\"strong\">écriture</emphasis> mais aussi positionner le <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> sur le répertoire. Sinon, le fichier pourra être supprimé et un nouveau fichier créé avec le même nom par un utilisateur quelconque ayant l’accès en écriture au répertoire." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1749 msgid "Here are a few interesting examples of file permissions." msgstr "Voici quelques exemples intéressants de permissions de fichiers." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1750 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n" "crw------- 1 root root 108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n" "-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n" "-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n" "$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n" "drwxrwxrwt 10 root root 4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n" "drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n" "drwxrwsr-x 4 root src 4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n" "drwxrwsr-x 2 root mail 4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n" "drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp" msgstr "" "$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n" "crw------- 1 root root 108, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ppp\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1427 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/passwd\n" "-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 943 2007-04-16 00:19 /etc/shadow\n" "-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 700056 2007-04-22 05:29 /usr/sbin/exim4\n" "$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n" "drwxrwxrwt 10 root root 4096 2007-04-29 07:59 /tmp\n" "drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff 4096 2007-03-24 18:48 /usr/local\n" "drwxrwsr-x 4 root src 4096 2007-04-27 00:31 /usr/src\n" "drwxrwsr-x 2 root mail 4096 2007-03-28 23:33 /var/mail\n" "drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 2007-04-29 07:11 /var/tmp" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1761 msgid "There is an alternative numeric mode to describe file permissions with <literal>chmod</literal>(1). This numeric mode uses 3 to 4 digit wide octal (radix=8) numbers." msgstr "Il existe aussi un mode numérique pour décrire les permissions des fichiers avec <literal>chmod</literal>(1). Ce mode numérique utilise des nombres en base 8 (radix=8) codés sur 3 ou 4 chiffres." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1763 msgid "The numeric mode for file permissions in <literal>chmod</literal>(1) commands" msgstr "Mode numérique des permissions de fichiers dans les commandes <literal>chmod</literal>(1)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1770 msgid "digit" msgstr "chiffre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1780 msgid "1st optional digit" msgstr "1er chiffre optionnel" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1783 msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)" msgstr "somme de <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), et <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1788 msgid "2nd digit" msgstr "2ème chiffre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1791 msgid "sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (=1) permissions for <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis>" msgstr "somme des permissions de <emphasis role=\"strong\">lecture</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong\">écriture</emphasis> (=2), et <emphasis role=\"strong\"> exécution</emphasis> (=1) pour l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">utilisateur</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1796 msgid "3rd digit" msgstr "3ème chiffre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1799 msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>" msgstr "identique pour <emphasis role=\"strong\">groupe</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1804 msgid "4th digit" msgstr "4ème chiffre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1807 msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>" msgstr "identique pour <emphasis role=\"strong\">autres</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1813 msgid "This sounds complicated but it is actually quite simple. If you look at the first few (2-10) columns from \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" command output and read it as a binary (radix=2) representation of file permissions (\"-\" being \"0\" and \"rwx\" being \"1\"), the last 3 digit of the numeric mode value should make sense as an octal (radix=8) representation of file permissions to you." msgstr "Ceci peut sembler compliqué mais c'est en fait assez simple. Si vous regardez les quelques premières colonnes (2-10) de la sortie de la commande « <literal>ls -l</literal> » et que vous lisez en représentation binaire (base 2) les permissions des fichiers (le « - » représentant « 0 » et « rwx » représentant « 1 »), les trois derniers chiffres de la valeur numérique du mode devraient vous donner la représentation des permissions du fichier en octal (base 8)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1814 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2180 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3017 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3040 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3612 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4054 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4266 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4341 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4349 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4698 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4746 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4811 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4826 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13722 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:19127 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24256 msgid "For example, try the following" msgstr "Essayez, par exemple, ce qui suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1815 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ touch foo bar\n" "$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n" "$ chmod 644 bar\n" "$ ls -l foo bar\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 bar\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 foo" msgstr "" "$ touch toto titi\n" "$ chmod u=rw,go=r toto\n" "$ chmod 644 titi\n" "$ ls -l toto titi\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 17 2007-04-29 08:22 titi\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 12 2007-04-29 08:22 toto" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1822 msgid "If you need to access information displayed by \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" in shell script, you should use pertinent commands such as <literal>test</literal>(1), <literal>stat</literal>(1) and <literal>readlink</literal>(1). The shell builtin such as \"<literal>[</literal>\" or \"<literal>test</literal>\" may be used too." msgstr "Si vous avez besoin d'accéder aux informations affichées par « <literal>ls -l</literal> » depuis un script de l’interpréteur de commandes, vous devrez utiliser des commandes pertinentes telles que <literal>test</literal>(1), <literal>stat</literal>(1) et <literal>readlink</literal>(1). Vous pouvez aussi utiliser les commandes internes du shell, telles que « <literal>[</literal> » ou « <literal>test</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1826 msgid "Control of permissions for newly created files: umask" msgstr "Contrôle des permissions pour les fichiers nouvellement créés : umask" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1827 msgid "What permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is restricted by the <literal>umask</literal> shell builtin command. See <literal>dash</literal>(1), <literal>bash</literal>(1), and <literal>builtins</literal>(7)." msgstr "Les permissions appliquées à un fichier ou à un répertoire venant d'être créé sont restreintes par la commande interne du shell <literal>umask</literal>. Voir <literal>dash</literal>(1), <literal>bash</literal>(1) et<literal>builtins</literal>(7)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1828 #, no-wrap msgid " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) & ~(umask value)" msgstr " (permissions du fichier) = (permissions demandées pour le fichier) & ~(valeur de umask)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1830 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis> value examples" msgstr "Exemples de valeurs de <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1839 msgid "umask" msgstr "umask" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1842 msgid "file permissions created" msgstr "permissions des fichiers créés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1845 msgid "directory permissions created" msgstr "permissions des répertoires créés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1848 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26507 msgid "usage" msgstr "utilisation" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1855 msgid "<literal>0022</literal>" msgstr "<literal>0022</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1858 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10017 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10051 msgid "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1861 msgid "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1864 msgid "writable only by the user" msgstr "ne peut être écrit que par l’utilisateur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1869 msgid "<literal>0002</literal>" msgstr "<literal>0002</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1872 msgid "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1875 msgid "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1878 msgid "writable by the group" msgstr "peut être écrit par le groupe" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1884 msgid "The Debian system uses a user private group (UPG) scheme as its default. A UPG is created whenever a new user is added to the system. A UPG has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the UPG. UPG scheme makes it is safe to set umask to <literal>0002</literal> since every user has their own private group. (In some Unix variants, it is quite common to setup all normal users belonging to a single <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> group and is good idea to set umask to <literal>0022</literal> for security in such cases.)" msgstr "Le système Debian utilise par défaut un schéma de groupe privé par utilisateur (UPG). Un UPG est créé chaque fois qu'un utilisateur est ajouté au système. Un UPG a le même nom que l’utilisateur pour lequel il a été créé et cet utilisateur est le seul membre de l’UPG. Un principe d'UPG rend sûr le positionnement de umask à <literal>0002</literal> car chaque utilisateur a son propre groupe privé. (Sur certaines variantes d’Unix, il est assez courant de faire appartenir tous les utilisateurs au même groupe <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> et, dans ce cas, c'est une bonne idée de définir umask à <literal>0022</literal> pour des raisons de sécurité)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1887 msgid "Permissions for groups of users (group)" msgstr "Permissions pour les groupes d'utilisateurs (group)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1888 msgid "In order to make group permissions to be applied to a particular user, that user needs to be made a member of the group using \"<literal>sudo vigr</literal>\"." msgstr "Pour que les droits d'un groupe s'appliquent à un utilisateur particulier, il faut donner à cet utilisateur l’appartenance au groupe en utilisant « <literal>sudo vigr</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1890 msgid "Alternatively, you may dynamically add users to groups during the authentication process by adding \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and setting \"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\". (See <xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>.)" msgstr "Vous pouvez aussi ajouter dynamiquement des utilisateurs aux groupes durant le processus d'authentification en ajoutant la ligne « <literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal> » au fichier « <literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal> » et en définissant « <literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal> ». (Voir <xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1892 msgid "The hardware devices are just another kind of file on the Debian system. If you have problems accessing devices such as CD-ROM and USB memory stick from a user account, you should make that user a member of the relevant group." msgstr "Sous le système Debian, les périphériques ne sont qu'un autre type de fichier. Si vous avez des problèmes pour accéder à des périphériques tel qu'un CD-ROM ou une clé USB depuis le compte d'un utilisateur, il faudra rendre cet utilisateur membre du groupe concerné." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1893 msgid "Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to access particular files and devices without <literal>root</literal> privilege." msgstr "Certains groupes importants fournis par le système permettent à leurs membres l’accès à des fichiers et des périphériques particuliers sans avoir les privilèges de l’<literal>administrateur</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1895 msgid "List of notable system-provided groups for file access" msgstr "Liste des groupes importants fournis par le système pour l’accès aux fichiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1902 debian-reference.en.xmlt:1989 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10004 msgid "group" msgstr "groupe" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1905 msgid "description for accessible files and devices" msgstr "description des fichiers et périphériques accessibles" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1912 msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dialout</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1915 msgid "full and direct access to serial ports (\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>\")" msgstr "accès complet et direct aux ports série (« <literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal> »)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1920 msgid "<literal>dip</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dip</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1923 msgid "limited access to serial ports for <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to trusted peers" msgstr "accès limité aux ports série pour une connexion « <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> (réseau commuté) vers des pairs de confiance" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1928 msgid "<literal>cdrom</literal>" msgstr "<literal>cdrom</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1931 msgid "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW drives" msgstr "lecteurs et graveurs de CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1936 msgid "<literal>audio</literal>" msgstr "<literal>audio</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1939 msgid "audio device" msgstr "périphérique audio" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1944 msgid "<literal>video</literal>" msgstr "<literal>video</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1947 msgid "video device" msgstr "périphérique vidéo" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1952 msgid "<literal>scanner</literal>" msgstr "<literal>scanner</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1955 msgid "scanner(s)" msgstr "dispositifs de numérisation (scanners)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1960 msgid "<literal>adm</literal>" msgstr "<literal>adm</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1963 msgid "system monitoring logs" msgstr "journaux de surveillance du système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1968 msgid "<literal>staff</literal>" msgstr "<literal>staff</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1971 msgid "some directories for junior administrative work: \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\", \"<literal>/home</literal>\"" msgstr "quelques répertoires où effectuer du travail d'administration de début : « <literal>/usr/local</literal> », « <literal>/home</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1978 msgid "You need to belong to the <literal>dialout</literal> group to reconfigure modem, dial anywhere, etc. But if <literal>root</literal> creates pre-defined configuration files for trusted peers in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal>\", you only need to belong to the <literal>dip</literal> group to create <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to those trusted peers using <literal>pppd</literal>(8), <literal>pon</literal>(1), and <literal>poff</literal>(1) commands." msgstr "Vous devez être membre du groupe <literal>dialout</literal> pour pouvoir reconfigurer un modem, numéroter vers n'importe où, etc. Mais si l’<literal>administrateur</literal> crée dans « <literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</literal> » des fichiers de configuration pour des pairs de confiance, vous ne devrez appartenir qu'au groupe <literal>dip</literal> pour créer une connexion <emphasis role=\"strong\">commutée</emphasis> (« Dialup IP ») vers ces pairs de confiance avec commandes <literal>pppd</literal>(8), <literal>pon</literal>(1) et <literal>poff</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1980 msgid "Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to execute particular commands without <literal>root</literal> privilege." msgstr "Certains groupes faisant partie du système, permettent à leurs membres d'exécuter des commandes particulières sans les privilèges de l’administrateur (<literal>root</literal>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1982 msgid "List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions" msgstr "Liste des groupes importants fournis par le système pour l’exécution de commandes particulières" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1992 msgid "accessible commands" msgstr "commandes accessibles" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:1999 msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2002 msgid "execute <literal>sudo</literal> without their password" msgstr "exécuter <literal>sudo</literal> sans son mot de passe." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2007 msgid "<literal>lpadmin</literal>" msgstr "<literal>lpadmin</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2010 msgid "execute commands to add, modify, and remove printers from printer databases" msgstr "exécuter des commandes pour ajouter, modifier et supprimer des imprimantes de la base de données des imprimantes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2015 msgid "<literal>plugdev</literal>" msgstr "<literal>plugdev</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2018 msgid "execute <literal>pmount</literal>(1) for removable devices such as USB memories" msgstr "exécuter <literal>pmount</literal>(1) pour des disques amovibles tels que des mémoires USB" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2024 msgid "For the full listing of the system provided users and groups, see the recent version of the \"Users and Groups\" document in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\" provided by the <literal>base-passwd</literal> package." msgstr "Pour une liste complète des groupes et des utilisateurs fournis par les système, veuillez consulter une version récente du document « Utilisateurs et groupes » (« Users and Groups » se trouvant dans  <literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal> » qui est fourni par le paquet <literal>base-passwd</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2025 msgid "See <literal>passwd</literal>(5), <literal>group</literal>(5), <literal>shadow</literal>(5), <literal>newgrp</literal>(1), <literal>vipw</literal>(8), <literal>vigr</literal>(8), and <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) for management commands of the user and group system." msgstr "Voir <literal>passwd</literal>(5), <literal>group</literal>(5), <literal>shadow</literal>(5), <literal>newgrp</literal>(1), <literal>vipw</literal>(8), <literal>vigr</literal>(8) et <literal>pam_group</literal>(8) pour les commande de gestion des utilisateurs et des groupes du système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2028 msgid "Timestamps" msgstr "Horodatage" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2029 msgid "There are three types of timestamps for a GNU/Linux file." msgstr "Il existe trois types d'horodatage pour un fichier GNU/Linux." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2031 msgid "List of types of timestamps" msgstr "Liste des types d'horodatage" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2038 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11125 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13983 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14919 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15359 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16724 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17709 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17975 msgid "type" msgstr "type" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2048 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2051 msgid "the file modification time (<literal>ls -l</literal>)" msgstr "date de modification du fichier (<literal>ls -l</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2056 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2059 msgid "the file status change time (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)" msgstr "date de changement d'état du fichier (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2064 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2067 msgid "the last file access time (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)" msgstr "date de dernier accès au fichier (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2074 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time." msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> n'est pas la date de création du fichier." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2079 msgid "Overwriting a file changes all of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file." msgstr "Écraser un fichier va modifier tous les attributs <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> et <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> du fichier." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2084 msgid "Changing ownership or permission of a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file." msgstr "Modifier le propriétaire ou les droits d'un fichier va changer les attributs <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> et <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> du fichier." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2089 msgid "Reading a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of the file." msgstr "La lecture d'un fichier va modifier l’attribut <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> du fichier." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2094 msgid "Even simply reading a file on the Debian system normally causes a file write operation to update <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> information in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>. Mounting a filesystem with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" option makes the system skip this operation and results in faster file access for the read. This is often recommended for laptops, because it reduces hard drive activity and saves power. See <literal>mount</literal>(8)." msgstr "Sur un système Debian, même la simple lecture d'un fichier provoque normalement une opération d'écriture afin de mettre à jour l’information <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> dans l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">i-nœud</emphasis>. Monter un système de fichiers avec l’option « <literal>noatime</literal> » ou « <literal>relatime</literal> » fait que le système n'effectuera pas cette opération et, en conséquence, les accès aux fichiers en lecture seront plus rapides. Ceci est souvent recommandé pour les portables, parce que cela réduit l’activité disque et préserve l’autonomie de la batterie. Voir <literal>mount</literal>(8)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2096 msgid "Use <literal>touch</literal>(1) command to change timestamps of existing files." msgstr "Utilisez la commande <literal>touch</literal>(1) pour modifier l’horodatage des fichiers existants." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2097 msgid "For timestamps, the <literal>ls</literal> command outputs different strings under the modern English locale (\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\") from under the old one (\"<literal>C</literal>\")." msgstr "En ce qui concerne l’horodatage, la commande <literal>ls</literal> affiche des chaînes différentes avec les paramètres linguistiques modernes (« <literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal> ») de ce qui était affiché avec les anciens(« <literal>C</literal> »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ls -l foo\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 foo\n" "$ LANG=C ls -l foo\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 3 Mar 5 00:47 foo" msgstr "" "$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ls -l toto\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 3 2008-03-05 00:47 toto\n" "$ LANG=C ls -l toto\n" "-rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 3 Mar 5 00:47 toto" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2103 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> to customize \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output." msgstr "Voir <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> pour personnaliser la sortie de « <literal>ls -l</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2107 msgid "Links" msgstr "Liens" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2108 msgid "There are two methods of associating a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with a different filename \"<literal>bar</literal>\"." msgstr "Il existe deux méthodes pour associer le fichier « <literal>toto</literal> » avec un nom de fichier différent « <literal>titi</literal> » :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2112 msgid "<ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">Hard link</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">Lien dur</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2117 msgid "Duplicate name for an existing file" msgstr "Nom dupliqué d'un fichier existant" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2122 msgid "\"<literal>ln foo bar</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>ln toto titi</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2129 msgid "<ulink url=\"&symboliclinkorsymlink;\">Symbolic link or symlink</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&symboliclinkorsymlink;\">Lien symbolique ou <symlink></ulink>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2134 msgid "Special file that points to another file by name" msgstr "Fichier spécial pointant vers un autre fichier par son nom" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2139 msgid "\"<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>ln -s toto titi</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2145 msgid "See the following example for changes in link counts and the subtle differences in the result of the <literal>rm</literal> command." msgstr "Voir dans l’exemple suivant des modifications du nombre de liens et les subtiles différences dans le résultat de la commande <literal>rm</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2146 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ echo \"Original Content\" > foo\n" "$ ls -li foo\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n" "$ ln foo bar # hard link\n" "$ ln -s foo baz # symlink\n" "$ ls -li foo bar baz\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n" "2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin 3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -> foo\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 foo\n" "$ rm foo\n" "$ echo \"New Content\" > foo\n" "$ ls -li foo bar baz\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 bar\n" "2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin 3 2007-04-29 08:16 baz -> foo\n" "2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 foo\n" "$ cat bar\n" "Original Content\n" "$ cat baz\n" "New Content" msgstr "" "$ echo \"Contenu d'origine\" > toto\n" "$ ls -li toto\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 toto\n" "$ ln toto titi # hard link\n" "$ ln -s toto tutu # symlink\n" "$ ls -li toto titi tutu\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 pingouin pingouin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 titi\n" "2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 pingouin pingouin 3 2007-04-29 08:16 tutu -> toto\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 2 pingouin pingouin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 toto\n" "$ rm toto\n" "$ echo \"Nouveau contenu\" > toto\n" "$ ls -li toto titi tutu\n" "2398521 -rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 17 2007-04-29 08:15 titi\n" "2398538 lrwxrwxrwx 1 pingouin pingouin 3 2007-04-29 08:16 tutu -> toto\n" "2398540 -rw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 12 2007-04-29 08:17 toto\n" "$ cat titi\n" "Contenu d'origine\n" "$ cat tutu\n" "Nouveau contenu" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2165 msgid "The hardlink can be made within the same filesystem and shares the same inode number which the \"<literal>-i</literal>\" option with <literal>ls</literal>(1) reveals." msgstr "Un lien dur peut être mis en place à l’intérieur du même système de fichiers, il partage le même numéro d'i-nœud, ce que montre l’option « <literal>-i</literal> » de <literal>ls</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2166 msgid "The symlink always has nominal file access permissions of \"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\", as shown in the above example, with the effective access permissions dictated by permissions of the file that it points to." msgstr "Le lien symbolique a toujours les permissions d'accès nominale au fichier de « <literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal> » comme il apparaît dans l’exemple ci-dessus, alors que les permissions d'accès effectives sont celles du fichier vers lequel il pointe." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2168 msgid "It is generally good idea not to create complicated symbolic links or hardlinks at all unless you have a very good reason. It may cause nightmares where the logical combination of the symbolic links results in loops in the filesystem." msgstr "En général, il est souhaitable de ne pas créer de liens symboliques compliqués ni de liens durs, à moins que vous n'ayez une très bonne raison. Ceci peut provoquer des cauchemars lorsque la combinaison logique des liens symboliques crée une boucle dans le système de fichiers." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2171 msgid "It is generally preferable to use symbolic links rather than hardlinks unless you have a good reason for using a hardlink." msgstr "Il est généralement préférable d'utiliser des liens symboliques plutôt que des liens durs à moins que vous n'ayez une bonne raison d'utiliser un lien dur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2173 msgid "The \"<literal>.</literal>\" directory links to the directory that it appears in, thus the link count of any new directory starts at 2. The \"<literal>..</literal>\" directory links to the parent directory, thus the link count of the directory increases with the addition of new subdirectories." msgstr "Le répertoire « <literal>.</literal> » est lié au répertoire dans lequel il apparaît, le nombre de liens de n'importe quel nouveau répertoire commence donc à 2. Le répertoire « <literal>..</literal> » est lié au répertoire-père, le nombre de liens du répertoire augmente donc lors de l’ajout de nouveaux sous-répertoires." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2174 msgid "If you are just moving to Linux from Windows, it soon becomes clear how well-designed the filename linking of Unix is, compared with the nearest Windows equivalent of \"shortcuts\". Because it is implemented in the filesystem, applications can't see any difference between a linked file and the original. In the case of hardlinks, there really is no difference." msgstr "Si vous venez de passer à Linux depuis Windows, la bonne conception d'un système de fichiers Unix comparé à l’équivalent le plus proche que sont les « raccourcis Windows » deviendra vite claire. Parce qu'il est implémenté dans le système de fichiers, les application ne voient pas de différence entre un fichier lié et son original. Dans le cas de liens durs, il n'y a vraiment aucune différence." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2177 msgid "Named pipes (FIFOs)" msgstr "Tubes nommés (FIFO)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2178 msgid "A <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">named pipe</ulink> is a file that acts like a pipe. You put something into the file, and it comes out the other end. Thus it's called a FIFO, or First-In-First-Out: the first thing you put in the pipe is the first thing to come out the other end." msgstr "Un <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">tube nommé</ulink> est un fichier qui se comporte comme un tuyau. Vous mettez quelque chose dans le tuyau et il ressort à l’autre bout. C'est donc appelé une FIFO, ou « premier entré - premier sorti » (First-In-First-Out) : la première chose que vous mettez dans le tuyau est la première chose qui ressortira à l’autre bout." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2179 msgid "If you write to a named pipe, the process which is writing to the pipe doesn't terminate until the information being written is read from the pipe. If you read from a named pipe, the reading process waits until there is nothing to read before terminating. The size of the pipe is always zero --- it does not store data, it just links two processes like the shell \"<literal>|</literal>\". However, since this pipe has a name, the two processes don't have to be on the same command line or even be run by the same user. Pipes were a very influential innovation of Unix." msgstr "Si vous écrivez vers un tube nommé, le processus qui écrit dans le tube ne se termine pas avant que l’information ne soit lue depuis le tube. Si vous effectuez une lecture depuis un tube nommé, le processus de lecture attendra jusqu'à ce qu'il n'y ait plus rien à lire avant de se terminer. La taille d'un tube est toujours nulle --- il ne stocke pas de données, ce n'est qu'un lien entre deux processus comme le « <literal>|</literal> » de l’interpréteur de commandes. Cependant, comme ce tube a un nom, il n'est pas nécessaire que les deux processus se trouvent sur la même ligne de commandes ni même qu'ils soient lancés par le même utilisateur. Les tubes sont une innovation influente d’Unix." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2181 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n" "$ echo \"hello\" >mypipe & # put into background\n" "[1] 8022\n" "$ ls -l mypipe\n" "prw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 mypipe\n" "$ cat mypipe\n" "hello\n" "[1]+ Done echo \"hello\" >mypipe\n" "$ ls mypipe\n" "mypipe\n" "$ rm mypipe" msgstr "" "$ cd; mkfifo montube\n" "$ echo \"hello\" >montube & # mettre en arrière-plan\n" "[1] 8022\n" "$ ls -l montube\n" "prw-r--r-- 1 pingouin pingouin 0 2007-04-29 08:25 montube\n" "$ cat montube\n" "hello\n" "[1]+ Done echo \"hello\" >montube\n" "$ ls montube\n" "montube\n" "$ rm montube" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2194 msgid "Sockets" msgstr "Sockets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2195 msgid "Sockets are used extensively by all the Internet communication, databases, and the operating system itself. It is similar to the named pipe (FIFO) and allows processes to exchange information even between different computers. For the socket, those processes do not need to be running at the same time nor to be running as the children of the same ancestor process. This is the endpoint for <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">the inter process communication (IPC)</ulink>. The exchange of information may occur over the network between different hosts. The two most common ones are <ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">the Internet socket</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">the Unix domain socket</ulink>." msgstr "Les sockets sont utilisées de manière intensives dans les communications par Internet, les bases de données et le système d'exploitation lui-même. Elles sont semblables aux tubes nommés (FIFO) et permettent aux processus d'échanger des informations même s'ils tournent sur des ordinateurs différents. Pour la socket, ces processus n'ont pas besoin de tourner en même temps ni de tourner en tant que fils du même processus père. C'est le point d'aboutissement du <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">processus d'intercommunication (IPC)</ulink>. (« interprocess communication »). L’échange d'informations peut avoir lieu entre deux machines au travers du réseau. Les deux plus courantes sont la <ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">socket Internet</ulink> (« Internet socket ») et la <ulink url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">socket du domaine Unix</ulink> (« Unix domain socket »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2197 msgid "\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\" provides a very useful overview of sockets that are open on a given system." msgstr "« <literal>netstat -an</literal> » fournit un aperçu très utile des sockets qui sont ouvertes sur un système donné." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2201 msgid "Device files" msgstr "Fichiers de périphériques" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2202 msgid "<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Device files</ulink> refer to physical or virtual devices on your system, such as your hard disk, video card, screen, or keyboard. An example of a virtual device is the console, represented by \"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"." msgstr "<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Fichiers de périphériques</ulink> fait référence aux périphériques virtuels ou physiques de votre système, tels que vos disques durs, carte vidéo, écran ou clavier. Un exemple de périphérique virtuel est la console, représentée par « <literal>/dev/console</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2203 msgid "There are 2 types of device files." msgstr "Il y a 2 types de fichiers de périphériques :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2207 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Character device</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">périphérique en mode caractère</emphasis> (« character device ») :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2212 msgid "Accessed one character at a time" msgstr "permettent l’accès à un caractère à la fois" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2217 msgid "1 character = 1 byte" msgstr "1 caractère = 1 octet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2222 msgid "E.g. keyboard device, serial port, …" msgstr "par exemple, les claviers, les ports série, ..." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2229 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Block device</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Périphériques en mode bloc</emphasis> (« block device ») :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2234 msgid "accessed in larger units called blocks" msgstr "accèdent aux données par éléments plus importants appelés blocs" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2239 msgid "1 block > 1 byte" msgstr "1 bloc > 1 octet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2244 msgid "E.g. hard disk, …" msgstr "par exemple, les disques durs, ..." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2250 msgid "You can read and write device files, though the file may well contain binary data which may be an incomprehensible-to-humans gibberish. Writing data directly to these files is sometimes useful for the troubleshooting of hardware connections. For example, you can dump a text file to the printer device \"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\" or send modem commands to the appropriate serial port \"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\". But, unless this is done carefully, it may cause a major disaster. So be cautious." msgstr "Vous pouvez lire et écrire sur les fichiers de périphériques, cependant, le fichier peut fort bien contenir des données binaires qui peuvent être du charabia incompréhensible pour les êtres humains. Écrire des données directement dans ces fichiers est parfois utile pour déboguer des connexions matérielles. Vous pouvez, par exemple, vider un fichier texte vers le périphérique d'impression « <literal>/dev/lp0</literal> » ou envoyer des commandes de modem vers le port série approprié « <literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal> ». Mais, à moins que ce ne soit fait avec précautions, ceci peut provoquer un désastre majeur. Soyez donc prudent." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2252 msgid "For the normal access to a printer, use <literal>lp</literal>(1)." msgstr "Pour l’accès normal à une imprimante, utilisez <literal>lp</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2254 msgid "The device node number are displayed by executing <literal>ls</literal>(1) as the following." msgstr "On affiche le numéro de nœud du périphérique en utilisant la commande <literal>ls</literal>(1) comme suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2255 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n" "brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 3, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n" "crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n" "crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero" msgstr "" "$ ls -l /dev/hda /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n" "brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 0 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/hda\n" "crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/ttyS0\n" "crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 2007-04-29 07:00 /dev/zero" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2262 msgid "\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" has the major device number 3 and the minor device number 0. This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>cdrom</literal> group." msgstr "« <literal>/dev/hda</literal> » a le numéro majeur de périphérique 3 et le numéro mineur de périphérique 0. Il est accessible en lecture et écriture par les utilisateurs qui appartiennent au groupe <literal>cdrom</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2267 msgid "\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" has the major device number 4 and the minor device number 64. This is read/write accessible by the user who belongs to <literal>dialout</literal> group." msgstr "« <literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal> » a le numéro majeur de périphérique 4 et le numéro mineur de périphérique 64. Il est accessible en lecture et écriture par les utilisateurs qui appartiennent au groupe <literal>dialout</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2272 msgid "\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" has the major device number 1 and the minor device number 5. This is read/write accessible by anyone." msgstr "« <literal>/dev/zero</literal> » a le numéro majeur de périphérique 1 et le numéro mineur de périphérique 5. Il est accessible en lecture et écriture par tout le monde." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2276 msgid "In the Linux 2.6 system, the filesystem under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\" is automatically populated by the <literal>udev</literal>(7) mechanism." msgstr "Avec le système Linux 2.6, le système de fichiers sous « <literal>/dev/</literal> » est automatiquement rempli par <literal>udev</literal>(7)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2279 msgid "Special device files" msgstr "Fichiers spéciaux de périphériques" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2280 msgid "There are some special device files." msgstr "Il y a aussi certains fichiers spéciaux de périphériques." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2282 msgid "List of special device files" msgstr "Liste des fichiers spéciaux de périphériques" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2290 msgid "device file" msgstr "fichier de périphérique" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2293 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2945 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7364 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12486 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13088 msgid "action" msgstr "action" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2296 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20244 msgid "description of response" msgstr "description de la réponse" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2303 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2314 msgid "<literal>/dev/null</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/dev/null</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2306 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2328 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2339 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2350 msgid "read" msgstr "lire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2309 msgid "return \"end-of-file (EOF) character\"" msgstr "retourne le « caractère fin de fichier (EOF) »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2317 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2361 msgid "write" msgstr "écrire" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2320 msgid "return nothing (a bottomless data dump pit)" msgstr "ne retourne rien (un puits de données sans fond)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2325 msgid "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2331 msgid "return \"the <literal>\\0</literal> (NUL) character\" (not the same as the number zero ASCII)" msgstr "retourne le « caractère <literal>\\0</literal> (NULL) » (qui n'est pas identique au chiffre zéro ASCII)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2336 msgid "<literal>/dev/random</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/dev/random</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2342 msgid "return random characters from a true random number generator, delivering real entropy (slow)" msgstr "retourne des caractères aléatoires depuis un générateur de nombres aléatoires réel, en donnant une vraie entropie (lent)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2347 msgid "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2353 msgid "return random characters from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator" msgstr "retourne des caractères aléatoires depuis un générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires, sécurisé par chiffrement" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2358 msgid "<literal>/dev/full</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/dev/full</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2364 msgid "return the disk-full (ENOSPC) error" msgstr "retourne une erreur disque plein (ENOSPC)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2370 msgid "These are frequently used in conjunction with the shell redirection (see <xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)." msgstr "Ils sont fréquemment utilisés en conjonction avec une redirection du shell (voir <xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2373 msgid "procfs and sysfs" msgstr "procfs et sysfs" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2374 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> mounted on \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" and \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" are the pseudo-filesystem and expose internal data structures of the kernel to the userspace. In other word, these entries are virtual, meaning that they act as a convenient window into the operation of the operating system." msgstr "<ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> et <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> montés sur « <literal>/proc</literal> » et « <literal>/sys</literal> sont des pseudo-systèmes de fichiers, ils présentent dans l’espace utilisateur des structures de données internes du noyau. En d'autres termes, ces entrées sont virtuelles, ce qui signifie qu'elles présentent une fenêtre sur le fonctionnement du système d'exploitation." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2375 msgid "The directory \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). System utilities that access process information, such as <literal>ps</literal>(1), get their information from this directory structure." msgstr "Le répertoire « <literal>/proc</literal> » contient (entre autres choses), pour chacun des processus tournant sur le système, un sous-répertoire dont le nom est l’identifiant du processus (PID). Les utilitaires du système qui accèdent aux information des processus, tels que <literal>ps</literal>(1), obtiennent leurs informations depuis cette structure de répertoires." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2376 msgid "The directories under \"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\" contain interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time. (You may do the same through specialized <literal>sysctl</literal>(8) command or its preload/configuration file \"<literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal>\".)" msgstr "Les répertoires qui se trouvent sous « <literal>/proc/sys/</literal> » contiennent une interface permettant de modifier certains paramètres du système alors qu'il est en fonctionnement. (Vous pouvez faire la même chose au travers de la commande spécialisée <literal>sysctl</literal>(8) ou de son fichier de configuration « <literal>/etc/sysctrl.conf</literal> )." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2378 msgid "The Linux kernel may complain \"Too many open files\". You can fix this by increasing \"<literal>file-max</literal>\" value to a larger value from the root shell, e.g., \"<literal>echo \"65536\" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal>\" (This was needed on older kernels)." msgstr "Le noyau de Linux peut émettre un message « Too many open files » (trop de fichiers ouverts). Vous pouvez corriger cela en augmentant la valeur de « <literal>file-max</literal> » depuis l’interpréteur de commandes de l’administrateur. Par exemple, « <literal>echo \"65536\" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max</literal> » (Ceci était nécessaire avec les noyaux plus anciens)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2380 msgid "People frequently panic when they notice one file in particular - \"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" - which is generally huge. This is (more or less) a copy of the content of your computer's memory. It's used to debug the kernel. It is a virtual file that points to computer memory, so don't worry about its size." msgstr "Certaines personnes paniquent lorsqu'elles remarquent un fichier particulier - « <literal>/proc/kcore</literal> » - qui est particulièrement énorme. Ceci est (plus ou moins) le contenu de la mémoire de votre ordinateur. Il est utilisé pour déboguer le noyau. C'est un fichier virtuel qui pointe vers la mémoire de l’ordinateur, ne vous inquiétez donc pas de sa taille." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2381 msgid "The directory under \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" contains exported kernel data structures, their attributes, and their linkages between them. It also contains interface to change certain kernel parameters at run time." msgstr "Les répertoires sous « <literal>/sys</literal> » contiennent des structures de données exportées depuis le noyau, leurs attributs et les liens entre elles. Ils contiennent aussi des interfaces pour modifier certains paramètres du noyau pendant son fonctionnement." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2382 msgid "See \"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\", \"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\" and other related documents in the Linux kernel documentation (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\") provided by the <literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal> package." msgstr "Voir « <literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal> », « <literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal> » et d'autres documents en rapport dans la documentation du noyau de Linux (« <literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-2.6.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal> ») fournie par le paquet <literal>linux-doc-2.6.*</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2386 msgid "Midnight Commander (MC)" msgstr "Midnight Commander (MC)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2387 msgid "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> is a GNU \"Swiss army knife\" for the Linux console and other terminal environments. This gives newbie a menu driven console experience which is much easier to learn than standard Unix commands." msgstr "<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> est un « couteau de l’armée Suisse » GNU pour la console Linux et d'autres environnements de terminaux. Il permet au débutant d'acquérir une expérience de la console pilotée par des menus, ce qui est bien plus facile à apprendre que les commandes Unix standard." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2388 msgid "You may need to install the Midnight Commander package which is titled \"<literal>mc</literal>\" by the following." msgstr "Il vous faudra peut-être installer le paquet Midnight Commander dont le nom est « <literal>mc</literal> » en effectuant ce qui suit :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2389 #, no-wrap msgid "$ sudo apt-get install mc" msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install mc" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2390 msgid "Use the <literal>mc</literal>(1) command to explore the Debian system. This is the best way to learn. Please explore few interesting locations just using the cursor keys and Enter key." msgstr "Utilisez la commande <literal>mc</literal>(1) pour parcourir le système Debian. C'est la meilleure manière d'apprendre. Vous pouvez explorer certains emplacements intéressants en utilisant simplement les touches de curseur et la touche Entrée :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2394 msgid "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" and its subdirectories" msgstr "« <literal>/etc</literal> » et ses sous-répertoires" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2399 msgid "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\" and its subdirectories" msgstr "« <literal>/var/log</literal> » et ses sous-répertoires" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2404 msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" and its subdirectories" msgstr "« <literal>/usr/share/doc</literal> » et ses sous-répertoires" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2409 msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/sbin</literal> » et « <literal>/bin</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2414 msgid "Customization of MC" msgstr "Personnalisation de MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2415 msgid "In order to make MC to change working directory upon exit and <literal>cd</literal> to the directory, I suggest to modify \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" to include a script provided by the <literal>mc</literal> package." msgstr "Pour que MC modifie le répertoire de travail en quittant, et <literal>cd</literal> vers le répertoire, je vous suggère de modifier « <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> » afin d'inclure un script fourni par le paquet <literal>mc</literal> :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2416 #, no-wrap msgid ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh" msgstr ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2417 msgid "See <literal>mc</literal>(1) (under the \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option) for the reason. (If you do not understand what exactly I am talking here, you can do this later.)" msgstr "Vous trouverez une explication dans <literal>mc</literal>(1) (option « <literal>-P</literal> »). (Si vous ne comprenez pas exactement ce dont je parle ici, vous pourrez le faire plus tard)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2420 msgid "Starting MC" msgstr "Démarrer MC" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2421 msgid "MC can be started by the following." msgstr "MC peut être lancé par :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2422 #, no-wrap msgid "$ mc" msgstr "$ mc" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2423 msgid "MC takes care of all file operations through its menu, requiring minimal user effort. Just press F1 to get the help screen. You can play with MC just by pressing cursor-keys and function-keys." msgstr "MC prend en charge toutes les opérations sur les fichiers par l’intermédiaire de son menu, ce qui ne demande que peu d'effort de la part de l’utilisateur. Pressez simplement F1 pour obtenir l’écran d'aide. Vous pouvez jouer avec MC simplement en pressant les touches de curseur et les touches de fonctions." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2425 msgid "In some consoles such as <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), key strokes of function-keys may be stolen by the console program. You can disable these features by \"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" for <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>." msgstr "Sur certaines consoles telles que <literal>gnome-terminal</literal>(1), les actions sur les touches de fonctions peuvent être récupérées par le programme de console. Vous pouvez désactiver cette fonctionnalité par « Éditer » → « Raccourcis clavier » pour le <literal>terminal gnome</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2427 msgid "If you encounter character encoding problem which displays garbage characters, adding \"<literal>-a</literal>\" to MC's command line may help prevent problems." msgstr "Si vous rencontrez un problème de codage de caractères qui entraîne une corruption de l’affichage, ajouter « <literal>-a</literal> » à la ligne de commandes de MC peut aider à éviter les problèmes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2428 msgid "If this doesn't clear up your display problems with MC, see <xref linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>." msgstr "Si ceci ne résout pas vos problèmes d'affichage avec MC, voir <xref linkend=\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2431 msgid "File manager in MC" msgstr "Gestionnaire de fichiers de MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2432 msgid "The default is two directory panels containing file lists. Another useful mode is to set the right window to \"information\" to see file access privilege information, etc. Following are some essential keystrokes. With the <literal>gpm</literal>(8) daemon running, one can use a mouse on Linux character consoles, too. (Make sure to press the shift-key to obtain the normal behavior of cut and paste in MC.)" msgstr "Il y a par défaut, deux panneaux de répertoires affichant les listes de fichiers. Un autre mode utile est de définir la fenêtre de droite à « information » afin de voir les informations de privilèges d'accès aux répertoires. Vous trouverez ci-après quelques raccourcis clavier essentiels. Si le démon <literal>gpm</literal>(8) tourne, une souris iest utilisable avec les consoles Linux en mode caractères. (Assurez-vous de presser la touche majuscules pour obtenir le comportement normal de couper-coller avec MC)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2434 msgid "The key bindings of MC" msgstr "Touches de raccourcis de MC" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2441 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2815 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6384 msgid "key" msgstr "touche" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2444 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6387 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:18681 msgid "key binding" msgstr "affectation" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2451 msgid "<literal>F1</literal>" msgstr "<literal>F1</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2454 msgid "help menu" msgstr "menu d'aide" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2459 msgid "<literal>F3</literal>" msgstr "<literal>F3</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2462 msgid "internal file viewer" msgstr "visualisateur interne de fichiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2467 msgid "<literal>F4</literal>" msgstr "<literal>F4</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2470 msgid "internal editor" msgstr "éditeur interne" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2475 msgid "<literal>F9</literal>" msgstr "<literal>F9</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2478 msgid "activate pull down menu" msgstr "activer le menu déroulant" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2483 msgid "<literal>F10</literal>" msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2486 msgid "exit Midnight Commander" msgstr "quitter Midnight Commander" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2491 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2912 msgid "<literal>Tab</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Tabulation</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2494 msgid "move between two windows" msgstr "passer d'une fenêtre à l’autre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2498 msgid "<literal>Insert</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ins</literal> ou <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2501 msgid "mark file for a multiple-file operation such as copy" msgstr "marquer le fichier pour des opérations sur plusieurs fichiers telles que copier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2506 msgid "<literal>Del</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Suppr</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2509 msgid "delete file (be careful---set MC to safe delete mode)" msgstr "effacer le fichier (attention---configurez MC dans le mode d'effacement sécurisé)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2514 msgid "Cursor keys" msgstr "Touches de curseur" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2517 msgid "self-explanatory" msgstr "auto-explicatif" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2525 msgid "Command-line tricks in MC" msgstr "Astuces de la ligne de commandes dans MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2528 msgid "<literal>cd</literal> command changes the directory shown on the selected screen." msgstr "la commande <literal>cd</literal> changera le répertoire affiché sur l’écran sélectionné ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2532 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> copies a filename to the command line. Use this with <literal>cp</literal>(1) and <literal>mv</literal>(1) commands together with command-line editing." msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Entrée</literal> ou <literal>Alt-Entrée</literal> copiera un nom de fichier sur la ligne de commandes. Utilisez ceci avec les commandes <literal>cp</literal>(1) et <literal>mv</literal>(1) en association avec l’édition de la ligne de commandes ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2536 msgid "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> shows shell filename expansion choices." msgstr "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> affichera les choix de l’interpréteur de commandes pour l’expansion du nom de fichier ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2541 msgid "One can specify the starting directory for both windows as arguments to MC; for example, \"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"." msgstr "on peut indiquer le répertoire de départ pour les deux fenêtres en paramètre de MC. Par exemple « <literal>mc /etc /root</literal> » ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2545 msgid "<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>n-key</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> (i.e., <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → <literal>F1</literal>, etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → <literal>F10</literal>)" msgstr "<literal>Échap</literal> + <literal>touche n</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> (par exemple <literal>Échap</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → <literal>F1</literal>, etc. ; <literal>Échap</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → <literal>F10</literal>) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2550 msgid "Pressing <literal>Esc</literal> before the key has the same effect as pressing the <literal>Alt</literal> and the key together.; i.e., type <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> for <literal>Alt-C</literal>. <literal>Esc</literal> is called meta-key and sometimes noted as \"<literal>M-</literal>\"." msgstr "Presser la touche <literal>Échap</literal> avant une touche a le même effet que presser simultanément <literal>Alt</literal> et la touche. Par exemple, entrez <literal>Échap</literal> + <literal>c</literal> pour <literal>Alt-C</literal>. <literal>Échap</literal> est appelée méta-touche et parfois notée « <literal>M-</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2556 msgid "The internal editor in MC" msgstr "Éditeur interne de MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2557 msgid "The internal editor has an interesting cut-and-paste scheme. Pressing <literal>F3</literal> marks the start of a selection, a second <literal>F3</literal> marks the end of selection and highlights the selection. Then you can move your cursor. If you press F6, the selected area is moved to the cursor location. If you press F5, the selected area is copied and inserted at the cursor location. <literal>F2</literal> saves the file. <literal>F10</literal> gets you out. Most cursor keys work intuitively." msgstr "L’éditeur interne possède une manière intéressante d'effectuer un copier-coller. Presser <literal>F3</literal> marque le début de la sélection, <literal>F3</literal> pressé une seconde fois marque la fin de la sélection et la met en surbrillance. Vous pouvez ensuite déplacer votre curseur. Si vous appuyez sur F6, la zone sélectionnée sera déplacée jusqu'à l’emplacement du curseur. Si vous pressez sur F5, la zone sélectionnée sera copiée et insérée à l’emplacement du curseur. <literal>F2</literal> enregistrera le fichier. <literal>F10</literal> vous permettra de quitter l’éditeur. La plupart des touches de déplacement du curseur fonctionnent de manière intuitive." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2558 msgid "This editor can be directly started on a file using one of the following commands." msgstr "Cet éditeur peut être directement lancé avec un fichier en utilisant l’une des commandes suivantes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2559 #, no-wrap msgid "$ mc -e filename_to_edit" msgstr "$ mc -e fichier_à_éditer" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2560 #, no-wrap msgid "$ mcedit filename_to_edit" msgstr "$ mcedit fichier_à_éditer" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2561 msgid "This is not a multi-window editor, but one can use multiple Linux consoles to achieve the same effect. To copy between windows, use Alt-F<n> keys to switch virtual consoles and use \"File→Insert file\" or \"File→Copy to file\" to move a portion of a file to another file." msgstr "Il ne s'agit pas d'un éditeur multi-fenêtres mais on peut faire usage de plusieurs consoles Linux pour obtenir le même effet. Pour copier d'une fenêtre sur l’autre, utilisez les touches Alt-F<n> pour basculer d'une console virtuelle à l’autre et utilisez « File→Insert file » ou «File→Copy to file» pour déplacer une portion de fichier dans un autre fichier. " #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2562 msgid "This internal editor can be replaced with any external editor of choice." msgstr "Cet éditeur interne peut être remplacé par n'importe quel autre éditeur externe de votre choix." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2563 msgid "Also, many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use. If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>nano</literal>(1) initially, you may set these to \"<literal>mcedit</literal>\" by adding the following lines to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"." msgstr "De nombreux programmes utilisent aussi les variables d'environnement « <literal>$EDITOR</literal> » ou « <literal>$VISUAL</literal> » afin de décider quel éditeur utiliser. Si, au départ, vous n'êtes à l’aise ni avec <literal>vim</literal>(1) ni avec <literal>nano</literal>(1), vous pouvez définir ces variable à « <literal>mcedit</literal> » en ajoutant les lignes suivantes au fichier « <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> » :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2564 #, no-wrap msgid "" "export EDITOR=mcedit\n" "export VISUAL=mcedit" msgstr "" "export EDITOR=mcedit\n" "export VISUAL=mcedit" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2566 msgid "I do recommend setting these to \"<literal>vim</literal>\" if possible." msgstr "Je recommande de les définir à « <literal>vim</literal> » si possible." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2567 msgid "If you are uncomfortable with <literal>vim</literal>(1), you can keep using <literal>mcedit</literal>(1) for most system maintenance tasks." msgstr "Si vous n'êtes pas à l’aise avec <literal>vim</literal>(1), vous pouvez continuer à utiliser <literal>mcedit</literal>(1) pour la plupart des tâches de maintenance du système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2570 msgid "The internal viewer in MC" msgstr "Visualisateur interne de MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2571 msgid "MC is a very smart viewer. This is a great tool for searching words in documents. I always use this for files in the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" directory. This is the fastest way to browse through masses of Linux information. This viewer can be directly started using one of the following commands." msgstr "MC possède un visualisateur intelligent. C'est un très bon outil pour rechercher des mots dans des documents. Je l’utilise toujours pour lire les fichiers qui sont dans le répertoire « <literal>/usr/share/doc</literal> ». C'est la manière la plus rapide de naviguer dans les masses d'informations sur Linux. Ce visualisateur peut être chargé directement utilisant l’une des commandes suivantes :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2572 #, no-wrap msgid "$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view" msgstr "$ mc -v chemin/vers/fichier_à_voir" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2573 #, no-wrap msgid "$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view" msgstr "$ mcview chemin/vers/fichier_à_voir" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2576 msgid "Auto-start features of MC" msgstr "Possibilités de démarrage automatique de MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2577 msgid "Press Enter on a file, and the appropriate program handles the content of the file (see <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>). This is a very convenient MC feature." msgstr "Pressez Entrée sur un fichier, et le programme approprié prendra en charge le contenu du fichier (voir <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>). Il s'agit là d'une fonctionnalité très pratique de MC." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2579 msgid "The reaction to the enter key in MC" msgstr "Réaction à la touche Entrée dans MC" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2586 msgid "file type" msgstr "type de fichier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2589 msgid "reaction to enter key" msgstr "réaction à la touche Entrée" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2596 msgid "executable file" msgstr "fichier exécutable" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2599 msgid "execute command" msgstr "exécuter la commande" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2604 msgid "man file" msgstr "fichier de page de manuel" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2607 msgid "pipe content to viewer software" msgstr "envoyer (« pipe ») le contenu au logiciel de visualisation" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2612 msgid "html file" msgstr "fichier html" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2615 msgid "pipe content to web browser" msgstr "envoyer (« pipe ») le contenu au navigateur web" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2620 msgid "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" file" msgstr "fichiers « <literal>*.tar.gz</literal> » et « <literal>*.deb</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2623 msgid "browse its contents as if subdirectory" msgstr "parcourir le contenu comme si c'était un sous-répertoire" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2629 msgid "In order to allow these viewer and virtual file features to function, viewable files should not be set as executable. Change their status using <literal>chmod</literal>(1) or via the MC file menu." msgstr "Afin de permettre le fonctionnement de ces visualisateurs et de ces fonctionnalités de fichiers virtuels, les fichiers pouvant être visualisés ne doivent pas être définis comme étant exécutables. Modifiez leur état avec la commande <literal>chmod</literal>(1) ou par l’intermédiaire du menu fichiers de MC." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2632 msgid "FTP virtual filesystem of MC" msgstr "Système de fichiers FTP virtuel de MC" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2633 msgid "MC can be used to access files over the Internet using FTP. Go to the menu by pressing <literal>F9</literal>, then type \"<literal>p</literal>\" to activate the FTP virtual filesystem. Enter a URL in the form \"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\", which retrieves a remote directory that appears like a local one." msgstr "MC peut être utilisé pour accéder à des fichiers au travers d'Internet en utilisant FTP. Allez au menu en pressant <literal>F9</literal>, entrez ensuite « <literal>p</literal> » pour activer le système de fichiers virtuel FTP. Entrez une URL sous la forme « <literal>nomutilisateur:motdepasse@nommachine.nomdomaine</literal> » ce qui va permettre de récupérer un répertoire distant qui apparaît alors comme s'il était local." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2634 msgid "Try \"[http.us.debian.org/debian]\" as the URL and browse the Debian archive." msgstr "Essayez l’URL « [http.us.debian.org/debian] » et parcourez l’archive Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2638 msgid "The basic Unix-like work environment" msgstr "L’environnement élémentaire de travail de type Unix" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2639 msgid "Although MC enables you to do almost everything, it is very important for you to learn how to use the command line tools invoked from the shell prompt and become familiar with the Unix-like work environment." msgstr "Bien que MC vous permette de faire à peu près n'importe quoi, il est très important que vous appreniez comment utiliser les outils en ligne de commande appelés depuis l’invite de l’interpréteur de commandes et que vous vous familiarisiez avec un environnement de travail de type Unix." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2641 msgid "The login shell" msgstr "L’interpréteur de commandes de connexion" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2642 msgid "You can select your login shell with <literal>chsh</literal>(1)." msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir votre interpréteur de commandes de connexion à l’aide de <literal>chsh</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2644 msgid "List of shell programs" msgstr "Liste de programme d'interprétation des commandes (« shells »)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2663 msgid "POSIX shell" msgstr "Interpréteur POSIX" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2676 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2695 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2706 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2716 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2737 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2747 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2769 msgid "Yes" msgstr "Oui" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2678 msgid "<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: the GNU Bourne Again SHell (de facto standard)" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink> : Shell GNU Bourne Again. (standard de fait)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2686 debian-reference.en.xmlt:2727 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2758 msgid "No" msgstr "Non" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2688 msgid "<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: an enhanced version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">Shell TENEX C</ulink> : version améliorée de <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">csh de Berkeley</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2698 msgid "Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>, good for shell script" msgstr "Le <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Shell Almquist</ulink> de Debian. Bon pour les scripts en shell" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2708 msgid "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>: the standard shell with many enhancements" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink> : interpréteur standard avec de nombreuses améliorations" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2719 msgid "public domain version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>" msgstr "version du domaine public de l’interpréteur <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2729 msgid "<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, a version of <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>" msgstr "C Shell <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, une version de <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">csh de Berkeley</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2739 msgid "<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> with builtin commands (Not meant for standard \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\")" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Interpréteur de commande autonome</ulink> avec des commandes intégrées. (Ne convient pas en tant que « <literal>/bin/sh</literal> » standard)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2750 msgid "the real, AT&T version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>" msgstr "la vraie version de AT&T du <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">shell Korn</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2761 msgid "implementation of the <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&T Plan 9</ulink> <ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rc shell</ulink>" msgstr "implémentation du <ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">shell rc</ulink> <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">Plan 9 de AT&T</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2772 msgid "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell (<literal>pdksh</literal> derivative)" msgstr "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell (dérivé de <literal>pdksh</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2778 msgid "In this tutorial chapter, the interactive shell always means <literal>bash</literal>." msgstr "Dans ce chapitre du didacticiel, l’interpréteur interactif sera toujours <literal>bash</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2781 msgid "Customizing bash" msgstr "Personnaliser bash" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2782 msgid "You can customize <literal>bash</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"." msgstr "Vous pouvez personnaliser le comportement de <literal>bash</literal>(1) à l’aide de « <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2783 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4125 msgid "For example, try the following." msgstr "Essayez, par exemple, ce qui suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2784 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# CD upon exiting MC\n" ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n" "\n" "# set CDPATH to good one\n" "CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~:~/Desktop:~\n" "export CDPATH\n" "\n" "PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n" "# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n" "if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n" " PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n" "fi\n" "export PATH\n" "\n" "EDITOR=vim\n" "export EDITOR" msgstr "" "# CD en quittant MC\n" ". /usr/share/mc/bin/mc.sh\n" "\n" "# définir une valeur valable de CDPATH\n" "CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~/Desktop:~\n" "export CDPATH\n" "\n" "PATH=\"${PATH}\":/usr/sbin:/sbin\n" "# définir le PATH pour qu'il comporte un répertoire bin privé de l’utilisateur s'il existe\n" "if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n" " PATH=~/bin:\"${PATH}\"\n" "fi\n" "export PATH\n" "\n" "EDITOR=vim\n" "export EDITOR" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2801 msgid "You can find more <literal>bash</literal> customization tips, such as <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, in <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>." msgstr "Vous pourrez trouver davantage d'informations concertant les astuces de personnalisation de <literal>bash</literal>, comme <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, dans <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2805 msgid "Special key strokes" msgstr "Combinaisons particulières de touches" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2806 msgid "In the <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment, there are few key strokes which have special meanings. Please note that on a normal Linux character console, only the left-hand <literal>Ctrl</literal> and <literal>Alt</literal> keys work as expected. Here are few notable key strokes to remember." msgstr "Dans un environnement « <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">de type Unix</ulink> », certaines séquences de touches ont une signification particulière. Vous remarquerez que sur une console Linux normale en mode caractères, seules les touches <literal>Ctrl</literal> et <literal>Alt</literal> situées à gauche fonctionnent de la manière voulue. Voici quelques séquences de touches dont il est intéressant de se souvenir :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2808 msgid "List of key bindings for bash" msgstr "Liste des raccourcis clavier de bash" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2818 msgid "description of key binding" msgstr "description des raccourcis clavier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2825 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2828 msgid "erase line before cursor" msgstr "effacer la ligne avant le curseur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2833 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2836 msgid "erase a character before cursor" msgstr "effacer le caractère précédant le curseur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2841 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2844 msgid "terminate input (exit shell if you are using shell)" msgstr "terminer l’entrée (quitter l’interpréteur si vous en utilisez un)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2849 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2852 msgid "terminate a running program" msgstr "terminer un programme en cours d'exécution" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2857 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2860 msgid "temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job" msgstr "arrêter temporairement un programme en le mettant en tâche de fond" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2865 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2868 msgid "halt output to screen" msgstr "arrêter le défilement de l’affichage à l’écran" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2873 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2876 msgid "reactivate output to screen" msgstr "reprendre le défilement de l’affichage" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2881 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Suppr</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2884 msgid "reboot/halt the system, see <literal>inittab</literal>(5)" msgstr "redémarrer ou arrêter le système, voir <literal>inittab</literal>(5)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2888 msgid "<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> (optionally, <literal>Windows-key</literal>)" msgstr "<literal>Touche Alt de gauche</literal> (optionnellement, <literal>touche Windows</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2891 msgid "meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI" msgstr "touche « meta » pour les interfaces utilisateurs Emacs et similaires" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2896 msgid "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Flèche haute</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2899 msgid "start command history search under <literal>bash</literal>" msgstr "lancer la recherche dans l’historique des commandes sous <literal>bash</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2904 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2907 msgid "start incremental command history search under <literal>bash</literal>" msgstr "lancer la recherche incrémentale dans l’historique des commandes sous <literal>bash</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2915 msgid "complete input of the filename to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>" msgstr "complèter l’entrée du nom de fichier de la ligne de commandes sous <literal>bash</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2920 msgid "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2924 msgid "input <literal>Tab</literal> without expansion to the command line under <literal>bash</literal>" msgstr "entrer une <literal>Tabulation</literal> sans expansion de la ligne de commande sous <literal>bash</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2931 msgid "The terminal feature of <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> can be disabled using <literal>stty</literal>(1)." msgstr "La fonctionnalité <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> du terminal peut être désactivée en utilisant <literal>stty</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2935 msgid "Unix style mouse operations" msgstr "Opérations de style Unix avec la souris" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2936 msgid "Unix style mouse operations are based on the 3 button mouse system." msgstr "Les opérations de style Unix avec la souris sont basée sur une souris ayant 3 boutons." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2938 msgid "List of Unix style mouse operations" msgstr "Liste des opérations de style Unix avec la souris" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2948 msgid "response" msgstr "réponse" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2955 msgid "Left-click-and-drag mouse" msgstr "Clic-gauche et glisser de la souris" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2958 msgid "select and copy to the clipboard" msgstr "sélectionner et copier dans le presse-papiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2963 msgid "Left-click" msgstr "Clic-gauche" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2966 msgid "select the start of selection" msgstr "sélectionner le début de la sélection" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2971 msgid "Right-click" msgstr "Clic-droit" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2974 msgid "select the end of selection and copy to the clipboard" msgstr "sélectionner la fin de la sélection et placez-là dans le presse-papiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2979 msgid "Middle-click" msgstr "Clic du milieu" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2982 msgid "paste clipboard at the cursor" msgstr "coller le contenu du presse-papiers à l’emplacement du curseur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2988 msgid "The center wheel on the modern wheel mouse is considered middle mouse button and can be used for middle-click. Clicking left and right mouse buttons together serves as the middle-click under the 2 button mouse system situation. In order to use a mouse in Linux character consoles, you need to have <literal>gpm</literal>(8) running as daemon." msgstr "La molette centrale des souris à molette modernes est considérée comme le bouton du milieu et peut être utilisée pour les clics-milieu. Cliquer simultanément le bouton de gauche et le bouton de droite sert à émuler le bouton du milieu sur les systèmes ayant une souris à 2 boutons. Pour pouvoir utiliser une souris avec les consoles Linux en mode caractère, il faut que <literal>gpm</literal>(8) tourne en tant que démon." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2991 msgid "The pager" msgstr "Le visualisateur de fichiers" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2992 msgid "<literal>less</literal>(1) is the enhanced pager (file content browser). Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" for help. It can do much more than <literal>more</literal>(1) and can be supercharged by executing \"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\" in the shell startup script. See more in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\". The \"<literal>-R</literal>\" option allows raw character output and enables ANSI color escape sequences. See <literal>less</literal>(1)." msgstr "<literal>less</literal>(1) est le visualisateur avancé (afficheur de contenu de fichier). Pressez « <literal>h</literal> » pour obtenir de l’aide. Il peut faire beaucoup plus de choses que <literal>more</literal>(1) et peut être surchargé en exécutant « <literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal> » ou « <literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal> » dans le script de démarrage de l’interpréteur de commandes. Vous trouverez davantage d'informations dans « <literal>/usr/share/doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal> ». L’option « <literal>-R</literal> » permet la sortie en mode caractères bruts et permet les séquences d'échappement de couleurs ANSI. Voir <literal>less</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2995 msgid "The text editor" msgstr "L’éditeur de texte" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2996 msgid "You should become proficient in one of variants of <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> programs which are popular in the Unix-like system." msgstr "Il faudrait que vous soyez compétant avec l’une des variantes des programmes <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> ou d'<ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> qui sont très populaires sur les systèmes semblables à Unix." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2997 msgid "I think getting used to Vim commands is the right thing to do, since Vi-editor is always there in the Linux/Unix world. (Actually, original <literal>vi</literal> or new <literal>nvi</literal> are programs you find everywhere. I chose Vim instead for newbie since it offers you help through <literal>F1</literal> key while it is similar enough and more powerful.)" msgstr "Je pense que s'habituer aux commandes de Vim est une bonne chose, car l’éditeur Vi est toujours présent dans le monde Linux et Unix. (En pratique, le <literal>vi</literal> d'origine ou le nouveau <literal>nvi</literal> sont des programmes que vous trouvez partout. Pour les débutants, j'ai plutôt choisi Vim parce qu'il propose de l’aide par l’intermédiaire de la touche <literal>F1</literal> tout en restant assez semblable et plus puissant)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2998 msgid "If you chose either <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> instead as your choice of the editor, that is another good choice indeed, particularly for programming. Emacs has a plethora of other features as well, including functioning as a newsreader, directory editor, mail program, etc. When used for programming or editing shell scripts, it intelligently recognizes the format of what you are working on, and tries to provide assistance. Some people maintain that the only program they need on Linux is Emacs. Ten minutes learning Emacs now can save hours later. Having the GNU Emacs manual for reference when learning Emacs is highly recommended." msgstr "Si vous choisissez plutôt <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> ou <ulink url=\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> comme éditeur, c'est aussi un bon choix évidemment, particulièrement pour la programmation. Emacs possède une pléthore d'autres fonctionnalités, y-compris un lecteur de nouvelles, un éditeur de répertoires, un programme de courriel, etc. Lorsqu'il est utilisé pour programmer ou éditer des scripts en shell, il reconnaît de manière intelligente le format de ce sur quoi vous être en train de travailler et il essaie de vous aider. Certaines personnes affirment que le seul programme dont ils ont besoin sous Linux est Emacs. Dix minutes d'apprentissage d'Emacs maintenant vous économiseront des heures plus tard. Il est grandement recommandé d'avoir le manuel de GNU Emacs comme référence lors de son apprentissage." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:2999 msgid "All these programs usually come with tutoring program for you to learn them by practice. Start Vim by typing \"<literal>vim</literal>\" and press F1-key. You should at least read the first 35 lines. Then do the online training course by moving cursor to \"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\" and pressing <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>." msgstr "Tous ces programmes sont habituellement accompagnés d'un programme d'apprentissage pour vous aider à les utiliser par la pratique. Lancez Vim en entrant « <literal>vim</literal> » et en pressant la touche F1. Vous devriez au moins en lire les 35 premières lignes. Suivez ensuite le cours en ligne en déplaçant le curseur sur « <literal>|tutor|</literal> » et en pressant <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3001 msgid "Good editors, such as Vim and Emacs, can be used to handle UTF-8 and other exotic encoding texts correctly with proper option in the x-terminal-emulator on X under UTF-8 locale with proper font settings. Please refer to their documentation on multibyte text." msgstr "Avec les options appropriées, de bons éditeurs, tels que Vim et Emacs, peuvent être utilisés pour manipuler correctement des textes en UTF-8 ou dans d'autres codages exotiques dans un émulateur de terminal x sous X en utilisant les paramètres linguistiques UTF-8 avec le paramétrage de police approprié. Veuillez vous référer à leur documentation relative au texte multi-octets." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3005 msgid "Setting a default text editor" msgstr "Définir un éditeur de texte par défaut" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3006 msgid "Debian comes with a number of different editors. We recommend to install the <literal>vim</literal> package, as mentioned above." msgstr "Debian est fourni avec de nombreux éditeurs différents. Nous recommandons d'installer le paquet <literal>vim</literal>, comme indiqué ci-dessus." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3007 msgid "Debian provides unified access to the system default editor via command \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\" so other programs (e.g., <literal>reportbug</literal>(1)) can invoke it. You can change it by the following." msgstr "Debian offre un accès unifié à l’éditeur par défaut du système par l’intermédiaire de la commande « <literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal> ». Ceci permet à d'autres programmes (par exemple <literal>reportbug</literal>(1)) de pourvoir l’appeler. Vous pouvez le modifier par la commande qui suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3008 #, no-wrap msgid "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor" msgstr "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3009 msgid "The choice \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\" over \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>\" is my recommendation for newbies since it supports syntax highlighting." msgstr "Pour les débutants, je recommande de choisir « <literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal> » plutôt que « <literal>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal> » car il prend en charge la mise en évidence de la syntaxe." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3011 msgid "Many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use (see <xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>). For the consistency on Debian system, set these to \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\". (Historically, \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" was \"<literal>ed</literal>\" and \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" was \"<literal>vi</literal>\".)" msgstr "De nombreux programmes utilisent les variables d'environnement « <literal>$EDITOR</literal> » ou « <literal>$VISUAL</literal> » pour décider de l’éditeur à utiliser (voir <xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> et <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>). Pour des raisons de cohérence sur le système Debian, définissez-les à « <literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal> ». (Historiquement « <literal>$EDITOR</literal> » était défini à « <literal>ed</literal> » et « <literal>$VISUAL</literal> » était défini à « <literal>vi</literal> »)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3015 msgid "Customizing vim" msgstr "Personnaliser vim" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3016 msgid "You can customize <literal>vim</literal>(1) behavior by \"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\"." msgstr "Vous pouvez personnaliser le comportement de <literal>vim</literal>(1) à l’aide de « <literal>~/.vimrc</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3018 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\" -------------------------------\n" "\" Local configuration\n" "\"\n" "set nocompatible\n" "set nopaste\n" "set pastetoggle=<f2>\n" "syn on\n" "if $USER == \"root\"\n" " set nomodeline\n" " set noswapfile\n" "else\n" " set modeline\n" " set swapfile\n" "endif\n" "\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n" "\" filler\n" "\" filler" msgstr "" "\" -------------------------------\n" "\" Configuration des paramètres linguistiques\n" "\"\n" "set nocompatible\n" "set nopaste\n" "set pastetoggle=<f2>\n" "syn on\n" "if $USER == \"root\"\n" " set nomodeline\n" " set noswapfile\n" "else\n" " set modeline\n" " set swapfile\n" "endif\n" "\" remplissage pour éviter que la ligne du dessus ne soit identifiée comme une ligne de mode (modeline)\n" "\" remplissage\n" "\" remplissage" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3037 msgid "Recording the shell activities" msgstr "Enregistrer les actions de l’interpréteur de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3038 msgid "The output of the shell command may roll off your screen and may be lost forever. It is good practice to log shell activities into the file for you to review them later. This kind of record is essential when you perform any system administration tasks." msgstr "La sortie d'une commande de l’interpréteur peut défiler, quitter votre écran et être définitivement perdue. C'est une bonne habitude d'enregistrer l’activité de l’interpréteur de commandes dans un fichier afin de la consulter plus tard. Ce type d'enregistrement est essentiel lorsque vous effectuez une tâche d'administration quelconque." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3039 msgid "The basic method of recording the shell activity is to run it under <literal>script</literal>(1)." msgstr "La méthode de base pour enregistrer l’activité de l’interpréteur de commandes est de la lancer sous <literal>script</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3041 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18967 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ script\n" "Script started, file is typescript" msgstr "" "$ script\n" "Script started, file is typescript" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3043 msgid "Do whatever shell commands under <literal>script</literal>." msgstr "Lancez une commande quelconque sous <literal>script</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3044 msgid "Press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</literal>." msgstr "Pressez <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> pour quitter le <literal>script</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3045 #, no-wrap msgid "$ vim typescript" msgstr "$ vim typescript" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3046 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ." msgstr "Voir <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3049 msgid "Basic Unix commands" msgstr "Commandes Unix de base" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3050 msgid "Let's learn basic Unix commands. Here I use \"Unix\" in its generic sense. Any Unix clone OSs usually offer equivalent commands. The Debian system is no exception. Do not worry if some commands do not work as you wish now. If <literal>alias</literal> is used in the shell, its corresponding command outputs are different. These examples are not meant to be executed in this order." msgstr "Apprenons les commandes Unix de base. J'utilise ici « Unix » dans son sens générique. Tous les clones d’Unix proposent habituellement des commandes équivalentes. Le système Debian ne fait pas exception. Ne vous inquiétez pas si certaines commandes ne fonctionnent pas comme vous le voudriez maintenant. Si un <literal>alias</literal> est utilisé dans le shell, la sortie correspondante sera différente. Ces exemples ne sont pas destinés à être exécutés dans cet ordre." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3051 msgid "Try all following commands from the non-privileged user account." msgstr "Essayez toutes les commandes qui suivent en utilisant un compte non privilégié :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3053 msgid "List of basic Unix commands" msgstr "Liste des commandes Unix de base" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3060 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6026 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7361 debian-reference.en.xmlt:10250 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10361 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12483 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:13085 debian-reference.en.xmlt:13449 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14596 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15866 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:18202 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19228 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:21227 debian-reference.en.xmlt:22278 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24314 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24436 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24639 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24829 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:26152 debian-reference.en.xmlt:30487 msgid "command" msgstr "commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3070 msgid "<literal>pwd</literal>" msgstr "<literal>pwd</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3073 msgid "display name of current/working directory" msgstr "afficher le nom du répertoire actuel ou de travail" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3078 msgid "<literal>whoami</literal>" msgstr "<literal>whoami</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3081 msgid "display current user name" msgstr "afficher le nom de l’utilisateur actuel." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3086 msgid "<literal>id</literal>" msgstr "<literal>id</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3089 msgid "display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups)" msgstr "afficher l’identité de l’utilisateur actuel (nom, uid, gid, et groupes associés)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3094 msgid "<literal>file <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>file <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3097 msgid "display a type of file for the file \"<literal><foo></literal>\"" msgstr "afficher le type de fichier du fichier « <literal><toto></literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3102 msgid "<literal>type -p <commandname></literal>" msgstr "<literal>type -p <nom-de-commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3105 msgid "display a file location of command \"<literal><commandname></literal>\"" msgstr "afficher l’emplacement du fichier de la commande « <literal><nom-de-commande> </literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3110 msgid "<literal>which <commandname></literal>" msgstr "<literal>which <nom-de-commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3113 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3137 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6692 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6700 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6708 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6716 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11149 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11160 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11171 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11182 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11193 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11204 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11225 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11235 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11245 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11266 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11277 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11288 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11299 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11331 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11342 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11364 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11375 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11408 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11419 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11441 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11452 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11463 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11485 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11496 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11518 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11529 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11540 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11551 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11562 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11573 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11584 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11595 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11606 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11617 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11628 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11639 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11650 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11661 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:11672 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12549 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14008 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14017 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14027 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14036 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14056 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14067 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:14078 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15510 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15532 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15542 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15684 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15695 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15706 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15717 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15739 debian-reference.en.xmlt:15750 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:15761 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16095 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16150 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16153 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16172 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16175 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16183 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16194 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16197 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16298 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16320 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16353 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16375 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16378 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16386 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16407 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:16410 debian-reference.en.xmlt:16428 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:18275 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24660 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24708 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24732 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24756 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24780 msgid ", ," msgstr ", ," # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3118 msgid "<literal>type <commandname></literal>" msgstr "<literal>type <nom-de-commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3121 msgid "display information on command \"<literal><commandname></literal>\"" msgstr "afficher des informations sur la commande « <literal><nom-de-commande></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3126 msgid "<literal>apropos <key-word></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apropos <mot-clé></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3129 msgid "find commands related to \"<literal><key-word></literal>\"" msgstr "rechercher les commandes ayant un rapport avec « <literal><mot-clé></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3134 msgid "<literal>man -k <key-word></literal>" msgstr "<literal>man -k <mot-clé></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3142 msgid "<literal>whatis <commandname></literal>" msgstr "<literal>whatis <nom-de-commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3145 msgid "display one line explanation on command \"<literal><commandname></literal>\"" msgstr "afficher une ligne d'explication sur la commande « <literal><nom-de-commande></literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3150 msgid "<literal>man -a <commandname></literal>" msgstr "<literal>man -a <nom-de-commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3153 msgid "display explanation on command \"<literal><commandname></literal>\" (Unix style)" msgstr "afficher une explication sur la commande « <literal><nom-de-commande></literal> » (style Unix)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3158 msgid "<literal>info <commandname></literal>" msgstr "<literal>info <nom-de-commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3161 msgid "display rather long explanation on command \"<literal><commandname></literal>\" (GNU style)" msgstr "afficher une explication assez longue de la commande « <literal><nom-de-commande></literal> » (style GNU)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3166 msgid "<literal>ls</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ls</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3169 msgid "list contents of directory (non-dot files and directories)" msgstr "afficher le contenu du répertoire (tous les fichiers et répertoires non cachés)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3174 msgid "<literal>ls -a</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ls -a</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3177 msgid "list contents of directory (all files and directories)" msgstr "afficher le contenu du répertoire (tous les fichiers et répertoires)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3182 msgid "<literal>ls -A</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ls -A</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3185 msgid "list contents of directory (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip \"<literal>..</literal>\" and \"<literal>.</literal>\")" msgstr "afficher le contenu du répertoire (presque tous les fichiers et répertoires, par exemple sauter « <literal>..</literal> » et « <literal>.</literal> »)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3190 msgid "<literal>ls -la</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ls -la</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3193 msgid "list all contents of directory with detail information" msgstr "afficher tout le contenu du répertoire de façon détaillée" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3198 msgid "<literal>ls -lai</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ls -lai</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3201 msgid "list all contents of directory with inode number and detail information" msgstr "afficher tout le contenu du répertoire avec les numéros d'i-nœuds et les informations détaillées" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3206 msgid "<literal>ls -d</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ls -d</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3209 msgid "list all directories under the current directory" msgstr "afficher tous les sous-répertoires du répertoire actuel" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3214 msgid "<literal>tree</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tree</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3217 msgid "display file tree contents" msgstr "afficher le contenu de l’arborescence des fichiers" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3222 msgid "<literal>lsof <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>lsof <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3225 msgid "list open status of file \"<literal><foo></literal>\"" msgstr "afficher l’état d'ouverture du fichier « <literal><toto></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3230 msgid "<literal>lsof -p <pid></literal>" msgstr "<literal>lsof -p <pid></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3233 msgid "list files opened by the process ID: \"<literal><pid></literal>\"" msgstr "afficher les fichiers ouverts par le processus de numéro : « <literal><pid></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3238 msgid "<literal>mkdir <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>mkdir <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3241 msgid "make a new directory \"<literal><foo></literal>\" in the current directory" msgstr "créer le nouveau répertoire « <literal><toto></literal> » dans le répertoire en cours" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3246 msgid "<literal>rmdir <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>rmdir <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3249 msgid "remove a directory \"<literal><foo></literal>\" in the current directory" msgstr "supprimer le répertoire « <literal><toto></literal> » du répertoire actuel" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3254 msgid "<literal>cd <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3257 msgid "change directory to the directory \"<literal><foo></literal>\" in the current directory or in the directory listed in the variable \"<literal>$CDPATH</literal>\"" msgstr "allez au répertoire « <literal><toto></literal> » se trouvant dans le répertoire actuel ou dans le répertoire figurant dans la variable « <literal>$CDPATH</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3262 msgid "<literal>cd /</literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd /</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3265 msgid "change directory to the root directory" msgstr "aller au répertoire racine" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3270 msgid "<literal>cd</literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3273 msgid "change directory to the current user's home directory" msgstr "aller au répertoire personnel de l’utilisateur actuel" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3278 msgid "<literal>cd /<foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd /<toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3281 msgid "change directory to the absolute path directory \"<literal>/<foo></literal>\"" msgstr "aller au répertoire de chemin absolu « <literal>/<toto></literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3286 msgid "<literal>cd ..</literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd ..</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3289 msgid "change directory to the parent directory" msgstr "aller au répertoire parent" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3294 msgid "<literal>cd ~<foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd ~<toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3297 msgid "change directory to the home directory of the user \"<literal><foo></literal>\"" msgstr "aller au répertoire « <literal><foo></literal> » se trouvant dans le répertoire personnel de l’utilisateur" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3302 msgid "<literal>cd -</literal>" msgstr "<literal>cd -</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3305 msgid "change directory to the previous directory" msgstr "aller au répertoire précédent" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3310 msgid "<literal></etc/motd pager</literal>" msgstr "<literal></etc/motd visualisateur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3313 msgid "display contents of \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" using the default pager" msgstr "afficher le contenu de « <literal>/etc/motd</literal> » en utilisant le visualisateur (« pager ») par défaut" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3318 msgid "<literal>touch <junkfile></literal>" msgstr "<literal>touch <fichier-poubelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3321 msgid "create a empty file \"<literal><junkfile></literal>\"" msgstr "créer un fichier vide « <literal><fichier-poubelle></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3326 msgid "<literal>cp <foo> <bar></literal>" msgstr "<literal>cp <toto> <titi></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3329 msgid "copy a existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to a new file \"<literal><bar></literal>\"" msgstr "copier le fichier « <literal><toto></literal> » existant dans le nouveau fichier « <literal><titi></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3334 msgid "<literal>rm <junkfile></literal>" msgstr "<literal>rm <fichier-poubelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3337 msgid "remove a file \"<literal><junkfile></literal>\"" msgstr "supprimer le fichier « <literal><fichier-poubelle></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3342 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3350 msgid "<literal>mv <foo> <bar></literal>" msgstr "<literal>mv <toto> <titi></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3345 msgid "rename an existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to a new name \"<literal><bar></literal>\" (\"<literal><bar></literal>\" must not exist)" msgstr "renommer le fichier existant « <literal><toto></literal> » avec le nouveau nom « <literal><titi></literal> » (« <literal><titi></literal> » ne doit pas exister)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3353 msgid "move an existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to a new location \"<literal><bar>/<foo></literal>\" (the directory \"<literal><bar></literal>\" must exist)" msgstr "déplacer le fichier existant « <literal><toto></literal> » vers le nouvel emplacement « <literal><titi>/<toto></literal> » (le répertoire « <literal><titi></literal> » doit exister)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3358 msgid "<literal>mv <foo> <bar>/<baz></literal>" msgstr "<literal>mv <toto> <titi>/<tutu></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3361 msgid "move an existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to a new location with a new name \"<literal><bar>/<baz></literal>\" (the directory \"<literal><bar></literal>\" must exist but the directory \"<literal><bar>/<baz></literal>\" must not exist)" msgstr "déplacer le fichier existant « <literal><toto></literal> » vers un nouvel emplacement avec le nouveau nom « <literal><titi>/<tutu></literal> » (le répertoire « <literal><titi></literal> » doit exister mais le répertoire « <literal><titi>/<tutu></literal> » ne doit pas exister)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3366 msgid "<literal>chmod 600 <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>chmod 600 <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3369 msgid "make an existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to be non-readable and non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)" msgstr "rendre le fichier « <literal><toto></literal> » non lisible et non modifiable par les autres personnes (non exécutable pour tous)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3374 msgid "<literal>chmod 644 <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>chmod 644 <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3377 msgid "make an existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to be readable but non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)" msgstr "rendre un fichier existant « <literal><toto></literal> » accessible en lecture mais non modifiable par les autres personnes (non exécutable pour tous)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3382 msgid "<literal>chmod 755 <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>chmod 755 <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3385 msgid "make an existing file \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to be readable but non-writable by the other people (executable for all)" msgstr "rendre un fichier existant « <literal><toto></literal> » accessible en lecture mais non modifiable par les autres utilisateurs (exécutable pour tous)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3390 msgid "<literal>find . -name <pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal>find . -name <motif></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3393 msgid "find matching filenames using shell \"<literal><pattern></literal>\" (slower)" msgstr "rechercher les noms de fichier contenant le « <literal><motif></literal> » de l’interpréteur de commandes (plus lent)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3398 msgid "<literal>locate -d . <pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal>locate -d . <motif></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3401 msgid "find matching filenames using shell \"<literal><pattern></literal>\" (quicker using regularly generated database)" msgstr "rechercher les noms de fichiers contenant en utilisant un « <literal><motif></literal> » de l’interpréteur de commandes (plus rapide si on utilise une base de données régulièrement générée)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3406 msgid "<literal>grep -e \"<pattern>\" *.html</literal>" msgstr "<literal>grep -e \"<motif>\" *.html</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3409 msgid "find a \"<pattern>\" in all files ending with \"<literal>.html</literal>\" in current directory and display them all" msgstr "rechercher un « <motif> » dans tous les fichiers se terminant par « <literal>.html</literal> » dans le répertoire actuel et tous les afficher" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3414 msgid "<literal>top</literal>" msgstr "<literal>top</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3417 msgid "display process information using full screen, type \"<literal>q</literal>\" to quit" msgstr "afficher en plein écran les informations sur les processus, pressez « <literal>q</literal> » pour quitter" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3422 msgid "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ps aux | visualisateur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3425 msgid "display information on all the running processes using BSD style output" msgstr "afficher les informations concernant tous les processus actifs en utilisant un affichage de type BSD" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3430 msgid "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ps -ef | visualisateur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3433 msgid "display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style output" msgstr "afficher les informations concernant tous les processus actifs en utilisant un affichage de type Unix System-V" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3438 msgid "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3441 msgid "display all processes running \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\"" msgstr "afficher tous les processus faisant appel à « <literal>exim</literal> » et « <literal>exim4</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3446 msgid "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ps axf | visualisateur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3449 msgid "display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output" msgstr "afficher les informations concernant tous les processus en cours en utilisant une sortie ASCII pseudo-graphique" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3454 msgid "<literal>kill <1234></literal>" msgstr "<literal>kill <1234></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3457 msgid "kill a process identified by the process ID: \"<1234>\"" msgstr "tuer le processus identifié par l’identifiant de processus : « <1234> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3462 msgid "<literal>gzip <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>gzip <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3465 msgid "compress \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to create \"<literal><foo>.gz</literal>\" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)" msgstr "compresser « <literal><toto></literal> » afin de créer « <literal> <toto>.gz</literal> » en utilisant le codage Lempel-Ziv (LZ77)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3470 msgid "<literal>gunzip <foo>.gz</literal>" msgstr "<literal>gunzip <toto>.gz</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3473 msgid "decompress \"<literal><foo>.gz</literal>\" to create \"<literal><foo></literal>\"" msgstr "décompresser « <literal><toto>.gz</literal> » afin de créer « <literal><toto></literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3478 msgid "<literal>bzip2 <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>bzip2 <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3481 msgid "compress \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to create \"<literal><foo>.bz2</literal>\" using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding (better compression than <literal>gzip</literal>)" msgstr "compresser « <literal><toto></literal> » pour créer « <literal> <toto>.bz2</literal> » en utilisant l’algorithme de compression de tri de texte Burrows-Wheeler et le codage de Huffman (meilleure compression que <literal>gzip</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3486 msgid "<literal>bunzip2 <foo>.bz2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>bunzip2 <toto>.bz2</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3489 msgid "decompress \"<literal><foo>.bz2</literal>\" to create \"<literal><foo></literal>\"" msgstr "décompresser « <literal><toto>.bz2</literal> » afin de créer « <literal><toto></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3494 msgid "<literal>xz <foo></literal>" msgstr "<literal>xz <toto></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3497 msgid "compress \"<literal><foo></literal>\" to create \"<literal><foo>.xz</literal>\" using the Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (better compression than <literal>bzip2</literal>)" msgstr "compresser « <literal><toto></literal> » pour créer « <literal> <toto>.xz</literal> » en utilisant l’algorithme de compression de Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain (meilleure compression que <literal>bzip2</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3502 msgid "<literal>unxz <foo>.xz</literal>" msgstr "<literal>unxz <toto>.xz</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3505 msgid "decompress \"<literal><foo>.xz</literal>\" to create \"<literal><foo></literal>\"" msgstr "décompresser « <literal><toto>.xz</literal> » afin de créer « <literal><toto></literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3510 msgid "<literal>tar -xvf <foo>.tar</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -xvf <toto>.tar</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3513 msgid "extract files from \"<literal><foo>.tar</literal>\" archive" msgstr "extraire les fichiers de l’archive « <literal><toto>.tar</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3518 msgid "<literal>tar -xvzf <foo>.tar.gz</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -xvzf <toto>.tar.gz</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3521 msgid "extract files from gzipped \"<literal><foo>.tar.gz</literal>\" archive" msgstr "extraire les fichiers d'une archive « gzippée » « <literal><toto>.tar.gz</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3526 msgid "<literal>tar -xvjf <foo>.tar.bz2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -xvjf <toto>.tar.bz2</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3529 msgid "extract files from \"<literal><foo>.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive" msgstr "extraire les fichiers de l’archive « <literal><toto>.tar.bz2</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3534 msgid "<literal>tar -xvJf <foo>.tar.xz</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -xvJf <toto>.tar.xz</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3537 msgid "extract files from \"<literal><foo>.tar.xz</literal>\" archive" msgstr "extraire les fichiers de l’archive « <literal><toto>.tar.xz</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3542 msgid "<literal>tar -cvf <foo>.tar <bar>/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -cvf <toto>.tar <titi>/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3545 msgid "archive contents of folder \"<literal><bar>/</literal>\" in \"<literal><foo>.tar</literal>\" archive" msgstr "archiver le contenu du répertoire « <literal><titi>/</literal> » dans l’archive « <literal><toto>.tar</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3550 msgid "<literal>tar -cvzf <foo>.tar.gz <bar>/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -cvzf <toto>.tar.gz <titi>/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3553 msgid "archive contents of folder \"<literal><bar>/</literal>\" in compressed \"<literal><foo>.tar.gz</literal>\" archive" msgstr "archiver le contenu du répertoire « <literal><titi>/</literal> » dans l’archive compressée « <literal><toto>.tar.gz</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3558 msgid "<literal>tar -cvjf <foo>.tar.bz2 <bar>/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -cvjf <toto>.tar.bz2 <titi>/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3561 msgid "archive contents of folder \"<literal><bar>/</literal>\" in \"<literal><foo>.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive" msgstr "archiver le contenu du répertoire « <literal><titi>/</literal> » sans l’archive « <literal><toto>.tar.bz2</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3566 msgid "<literal>tar -cvJf <foo>.tar.xz <bar>/</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tar -cvJf <toto>.tar.xz <titi>/</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3569 msgid "archive contents of folder \"<literal><bar>/</literal>\" in \"<literal><foo>.tar.xz</literal>\" archive" msgstr "archiver le contenu du répertoire « <literal><titi>/</literal> » sans l’archive « <literal><toto>.tar.xz</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3574 msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz | visualisateur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3577 msgid "display contents of compressed \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" using the default pager" msgstr "afficher le contenu du fichier compressé « <literal>README.gz</literal> » en utilisant le visualisateur (« pager ») par défaut" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3582 msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz > foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz > toto</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3585 msgid "create a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\"" msgstr "créer le fichier « <literal>toto</literal> » avec le contenu décompressé de « <literal>README.gz</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3590 msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz >> foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz >> toto</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3593 msgid "append the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" to the end of the file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" (if it does not exist, create it first)" msgstr "ajouter le contenu décompressé de « <literal>README.gz</literal> » à la fin du fichier. (S'il n'existe pas, créez-le d'abord)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3600 msgid "Unix has a tradition to hide filenames which start with \"<literal>.</literal>\". They are traditionally files that contain configuration information and user preferences." msgstr "Unix a pour tradition de cacher les fichiers dont le nom commence par un « <literal>.</literal> ». Ce sont traditionnellement des fichiers qui contiennent des informations de configuration et des préférences de l’utilisateur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3603 msgid "For <literal>cd</literal> command, see <literal>builtins</literal>(7)." msgstr "Pour la commande <literal>cd</literal>, voir <literal>builtins</literal>(7)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3606 msgid "The default pager of the bare bone Debian system is <literal>more</literal>(1) which cannot scroll back. By installing the <literal>less</literal> package using command line \"<literal>apt-get install less</literal>\", <literal>less</literal>(1) becomes default pager and you can scroll back with cursor keys." msgstr "Le visualisateur (« pager ») par défaut d'un système Debian non personnalisé est <literal>more</literal>(1) qui ne permet pas le défilement vers l’arrière. En installant le paquet <literal>less</literal> à l’aide de la ligne de commandes « <literal>apt-get install less</literal> », <literal>less</literal>(1) deviendra le visualisateur par défaut et vous pourrez faire défiler le texte vers l’arrière à l’aide des touches de curseur." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3609 msgid "The \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the regular expression of the \"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" command above enable <literal>grep</literal> to avoid matching itself. The \"<literal>4*</literal>\" in the regular expression means 0 or more repeats of character \"<literal>4</literal>\" thus enables <literal>grep</literal> to match both \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\". Although \"<literal>*</literal>\" is used in the shell filename glob and the regular expression, their meanings are different. Learn the regular expression from <literal>grep</literal>(1)." msgstr "« <literal>[</literal> » et « <literal>]</literal> » dans l’expression rationnelle de la commande « <literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" » ci-dessus permet d'éviter une correspondance de grep avec lui-même. Le « <literal>4*</literal> » de l’expression rationnelle signifie 0 ou plusieurs instances du caractère « <literal>4</literal> » et permet donc à <literal>grep</literal> de trouver la correspondance à la fois avec « <literal>exim</literal> » et « <literal>exim4</literal> ». Bien que « <literal>*</literal> » soit utilisé dans le motif générique (« glob ») des noms de fichiers de l’interpréteur de commandes et dans l’expression rationnelle, leurs significations sont différentes. Vous pourrez apprendre les expression rationnelles dans <literal>grep</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3611 msgid "Please traverse directories and peek into the system using the above commands as training. If you have questions on any of console commands, please make sure to read the manual page." msgstr "À titre d'exercice, parcourez les répertoires et jetez un coup d'œil au système en vous servant des commandes ci-dessus. Si vous avez des questions sur ces commandes de la console, veuillez consulter la page de manuel." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3613 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ man man\n" "$ man bash\n" "$ man builtins\n" "$ man grep\n" "$ man ls" msgstr "" "$ man man\n" "$ man bash\n" "$ man builtins\n" "$ man grep\n" "$ man ls" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3618 msgid "The style of man pages may be a little hard to get used to, because they are rather terse, particularly the older, very traditional ones. But once you get used to it, you come to appreciate their succinctness." msgstr "Il peut être un peu difficile de s'habituer au style des pages de manuel parce qu'elles sont plutôt succinctes, particulièrement les plus anciennes, celles qui sont vraiment traditionnelles. Mais une fois que vous y serez familiarisé, vous apprécierez leur concision." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3619 msgid "Please note that many Unix-like commands including ones from GNU and BSD display brief help information if you invoke them in one of the following ways (or without any arguments in some cases)." msgstr "Remarquez que beaucoup de commandes Unix, y compris celles de GNU et BSD, affichent une information d'aide courte si vous les exécutez de l’une des façons suivantes (ou parfois sans paramètre) :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3620 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ <commandname> --help\n" "$ <commandname> -h" msgstr "" "$ <nom-de-commande> --help\n" "$ <nom-de-commande> -h" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3625 msgid "The simple shell command" msgstr "La commande simple de l’interpréteur de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3626 msgid "Now you have some feel on how to use the Debian system. Let's look deep into the mechanism of the command execution in the Debian system. Here, I have simplified reality for the newbie. See <literal>bash</literal>(1) for the exact explanation." msgstr "Vous avez maintenant une certaine sensation sur la manière d'utiliser un système Debian. Nous allons regarder plus profondément le mécanisme d'exécution des commandes sous le système Debian. J'ai ici, pour les débutants, simplifié la réalité. Voir <literal>bash</literal>(1) pour l’explication exacte." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3627 msgid "A simple command is a sequence of components." msgstr "Une simple commande est une séquence de :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3631 msgid "Variable assignments (optional)" msgstr "assignations de variables (optionnelles) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3636 msgid "Command name" msgstr "nom de la commande ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3641 msgid "Arguments (optional)" msgstr "paramètres (optionnels) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3646 msgid "Redirections (optional: <literal>></literal> , <literal>>></literal> , <literal><</literal> , <literal><<</literal> , etc.)" msgstr "redirections (optionnelles : <literal>></literal> , <literal>>></literal> , <literal><</literal> , <literal><<</literal>, etc.) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3651 msgid "Control operator (optional: <literal>&&</literal> , <literal>||</literal> , <newline> , <literal>;</literal> , <literal>&</literal> , <literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal> )" msgstr "opérateur de contrôle (optionnels : <literal>&&</literal>, <literal>|| </literal> , <nouvelle ligne> , <literal>;</literal>, <literal>&</literal>, <literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal> )." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3656 msgid "Command execution and environment variable" msgstr "Exécution d'une commande et variables d'environnement" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3657 msgid "Values of some <ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">environment variables</ulink> change the behavior of some Unix commands." msgstr "Les valeurs de certaines <ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">variables d'environnement</ulink> modifient le comportement de certaines commandes Unix." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3658 msgid "Default values of environment variables are initially set by the PAM system and then some of them may be reset by some application programs." msgstr "Les valeurs par défaut des variables d'environnement sont définies initialement par le système PAM, certaines d'entre-elles peuvent donc être réinitialisées par certains programmes d'application :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3662 msgid "The display manager such as <literal>gdm</literal> resets environment variables." msgstr "le gestionnaire graphique de session tel que <literal>gdm</literal> réinitialise les variables d'environnement ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3667 msgid "The shell in its start up codes resets environment variables in \"<literal>~/bash_profile</literal>\" and \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"." msgstr "dans son code de démarrage, l’interpréteur de commandes réinitialise les variables d'environnement dans « <literal>~/bash_profile</literal> » et « <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3673 msgid "\"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable" msgstr "Variable « <literal>$LANG</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3674 msgid "The full locale value given to \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable consists of 3 parts: \"<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\"." msgstr "La valeur complète des paramètres linguistiques indiqués par la variable « <literal>$LANG</literal> est constituée de trois parties « <literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3676 msgid "3 parts of locale value" msgstr "Les trois parties des paramètres linguistiques" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3683 msgid "locale value" msgstr "valeur des paramètres linguistiques" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3693 msgid "<literal>xx</literal>" msgstr "<literal>xx</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3696 msgid "<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639 language codes (lower case) such as \"en\"</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">codes de langue ISO 639 (en minuscules) tel que « fr »</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3701 msgid "<literal>YY</literal>" msgstr "<literal>YY</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3704 msgid "<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166 country codes (upper case) such as \"US\"</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">codes de pays ISO 3166 (en majuscules), par exemple « FR »</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3709 msgid "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3712 msgid "<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">codeset, always set to \"UTF-8\"</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">le jeu de caractères, toujours défini à « UTF-8 »</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3718 msgid "For language codes and country codes, see pertinent description in the \"<literal>info gettext</literal>\"." msgstr "Pour les codes de langues et de pays, voir la description dans « <literal>info gettext</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3719 msgid "For the codeset on the modern Debian system, you should always set it to <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis> unless you specifically want to use the historic one with good reason and background knowledge." msgstr "Vous devriez toujours définir le codage des caractères d'un système Debian moderne à <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis> à moins que vous ne vouliez spécifiquement en utiliser un ancien avec de bonnes raisons et les connaissances de bases associées." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3720 msgid "For fine details of the locale configuration, see <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>." msgstr "Pour des informations détaillées sur la configuration des paramètres linguistiques, voir <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3722 msgid "The \"<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>\" is not \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" nor \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\". It is \"<literal>LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)." msgstr "« <literal>LANG=en_US</literal> » n'est pas « <literal>LANG=C</literal> » ni « <literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal> ». C'est « <literal>LANG=en_US.ISO-8859-1</literal> » (voir <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3725 msgid "List of locale recommendations" msgstr "Liste des recommandations de paramètres linguistiques" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3732 msgid "locale recommendation" msgstr "recommandation de paramètres linguistiques" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3735 msgid "Language (area)" msgstr "Langue (zone)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3742 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19065 msgid "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3745 msgid "English(USA)" msgstr "anglais (USA)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3750 msgid "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3753 msgid "English(Great_Britain)" msgstr "anglais (Grande-Bretagne)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3758 msgid "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3761 msgid "French(France)" msgstr "français (France)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3766 msgid "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3769 msgid "German(Germany)" msgstr "allemand (Allemagne)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3774 msgid "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3777 msgid "Italian(Italy)" msgstr "italien (Italie)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3782 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19076 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:19108 msgid "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3785 msgid "Spanish(Spain)" msgstr "espagnol (Espagne)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3790 msgid "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3793 msgid "Catalan(Spain)" msgstr "catalan (Espagne)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3798 msgid "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3801 msgid "Swedish(Sweden)" msgstr "suédois (Suède)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3806 msgid "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3809 msgid "Portuguese(Brazil)" msgstr "portugais (Brésil)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3814 msgid "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3817 msgid "Russian(Russia)" msgstr "russe (Russie)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3822 msgid "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3825 msgid "Chinese(P.R._of_China)" msgstr "chinois (RP de Chine)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3830 msgid "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3833 msgid "Chinese(Taiwan_R.O.C.)" msgstr "chinois (Taiwan)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3838 msgid "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3841 msgid "Japanese(Japan)" msgstr "japonais (Japon)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3846 msgid "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3849 msgid "Korean(Republic_of_Korea)" msgstr "coréen (République de Corée)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3854 msgid "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3857 msgid "Vietnamese(Vietnam)" msgstr "vietnamien (Vietnam)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3863 msgid "Typical command execution uses a shell line sequence as the following." msgstr "L’exécution typique d'une commande utilise une séquence de lignes telle que la suivante :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3864 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ date\n" "Sun Jun 3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n" "$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n" "dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)" msgstr "" "$ date\n" "Sun Jun 3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n" "$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n" "dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3868 msgid "Here, the program <literal>date</literal>(1) is executed with different values of the environment variable \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"." msgstr "Ici, le programme <literal>date</literal>(1) est exécuté comme tâche d'avant-plan avec différentes valeurs de la variable d'environnement « <literal>$LANG</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3872 msgid "For the first command, \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is set to the system default <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> value \"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\"." msgstr "Avec la première commande, « <literal>$LANG</literal> » est définie à la valeur des <ulink url=\"&locale;\">paramètres linguistiques</ulink> par défaut du système « <literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3877 msgid "For the second command, \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is set to the French UTF-8 <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> value \"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\"." msgstr "Avec la deuxième commande, « <literal>$LANG</literal> » est définie à la valeur des <ulink url=\"&locale;\">paramètres linguistiques</ulink> UTF-8 français « <literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3881 msgid "Most command executions usually do not have preceding environment variable definition. For the above example, you can alternatively execute as the following." msgstr "Habituellement, la plupart des exécutions de commandes ne sont pas précédées de la définition de variables d'environnement. Pour les exemple ci-dessus, vous pouvez aussi exécuter :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3882 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n" "$ date\n" "dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)" msgstr "" "$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n" "$ date\n" "dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3885 msgid "As you can see here, the output of command is affected by the environment variable to produce French output. If you want the environment variable to be inherited to subprocesses (e.g., when calling shell script), you need to <emphasis role=\"strong\">export</emphasis> it instead by the following." msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir ici, la sortie de la commande est affectée par la variable d'environnement afin que la sortie s'effectue en français. Si vous désirez que la variable d'environnement hérite du sous-processus (par exemple le script appelant), vous devrez alors l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">exporter</emphasis> de la manière suivante :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3886 #, no-wrap msgid "$ export LANG" msgstr "$ export LANG" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3888 msgid "When filing a bug report, running and checking the command under \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" is good idea if you use non-English environment." msgstr "En déposant un signalement de bogue, c'est une bonne idée de lancer et de vérifier la commande « <literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal> » si vous utilisez un environnement autre que l’environnement anglais." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3890 msgid "See <literal>locale</literal>(5) and <literal>locale</literal>(7) for \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" and related environment variables." msgstr "Voir <literal>locale</literal>(5) et <literal>locale</literal>(7) pour les variables d'environnement « <literal>$LANG</literal> » et associées." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3892 msgid "I recommend you to configure the system environment just by the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable and to stay away from \"<literal>$LC_*</literal>\" variables unless it is absolutely needed." msgstr "Je vous recommande de configurer l’environnement du système en ne touchant qu'à la variable « <literal>$LANG</literal> » en laissant de côté les variables « <literal>$LC_*</literal> » à moins que ce ne soit absolument nécessaire." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3896 msgid "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" variable" msgstr "Variable « <literal>$PATH</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3897 msgid "When you type a command into the shell, the shell searches the command in the list of directories contained in the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable. The value of the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable is also called the shell's search path." msgstr "Lorsque vous entrez une commande dans l’interpréteur, il recherche la commande dans la liste des répertoires contenus dans la variable d'environnement « <literal>$PATH</literal> ». La valeur de la variable d'environnement « <literal>$PATH</literal> » est aussi appelée « chemin de recherche de l’interpréteur de commandes »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3898 msgid "In the default Debian installation, the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of user accounts may not include \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/sbin</literal>\". For example, the <literal>ifconfig</literal> command needs to be issued with full path as \"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\". (Similar <literal>ip</literal> command is located in \"<literal>/bin</literal>\".)" msgstr "Dans une installation Debian par défaut, la variable d'environnement « <literal>$PATH</literal> » des comptes d'utilisateurs peut ne pas inclure « <literal>/sbin</literal> » ni « <literal>/usr/sbin</literal> ». Par exemple, la commande <literal>ifconfig</literal> doit être lancée avec son chemin complet « <literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal> ». (La commande similaire <literal>ip</literal> est située dans « <literal>/bin</literal> ».)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3899 msgid "You can change the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of Bash shell by \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" files." msgstr "Vous pouvez modifier la variable d'environnement « <literal>$PATH</literal> » de l’interpréteur de commandes Bash par l’intermédiaire des fichiers« <literal>~/.bash_profile</literal> » ou « <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3902 msgid "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" variable" msgstr "Variable « <literal>$HOME</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3903 msgid "Many commands stores user specific configuration in the home directory and changes their behavior by their contents. The home directory is identified by the environment variable \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"." msgstr "De nombreuses commandes enregistrent la configuration spécifique à un utilisateur dans son répertoire personnel et modifient leur comportement en fonction de son contenu. Le répertoire personnel est identifié par la variable d'environnement « <literal>$HOME</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3905 msgid "List of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" values" msgstr "Afficher les valeurs de la variable « <literal>$HOME</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3912 msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"" msgstr "valeur de « <literal>$HOME</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3915 msgid "program execution situation" msgstr "situation d'exécution d'un programme" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3925 msgid "program run by the init process (daemon)" msgstr "programme lancé par le processus init (démon)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3930 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3962 msgid "<literal>/root</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/root</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3933 msgid "program run from the normal root shell" msgstr "programme lancé depuis l’interpréteur de commandes normal de l’administrateur (« root »)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3938 debian-reference.en.xmlt:3946 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3954 msgid "<literal>/home/<normal_user></literal>" msgstr "<literal>/home/<utilisateur_normal></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3941 msgid "program run from the normal user shell" msgstr "programme lancé depuis l’interpréteur de commandes d'un utilisateur normal" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3949 msgid "program run from the normal user GUI desktop menu" msgstr "programme lancé depuis le menu du bureau de l’interface graphique de l’utilisateur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3957 msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo program</literal>\"" msgstr "programmes lancé en tant qu'administrateur avec « <literal>sudo programme</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3965 msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\"" msgstr "programme lancé en tant qu'administrateur avec « <literal>sudo -H programme</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3972 msgid "Shell expands \"<literal>~/</literal>\" to current user's home directory, i.e., \"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\". Shell expands \"<literal>~foo/</literal>\" to <literal>foo</literal>'s home directory, i.e., \"<literal>/home/foo/</literal>\"." msgstr "L’interpréteur de commandes étend « <literal>~/</literal> » pour former le répertoire personnel réel de l’utilisateur, par exemple, « <literal>$HOME/</literal> ». L’interpréteur de commande étend « <literal>~foo/</literal> » sous la forme du répertoire personnel de <literal>foo</literal>, par exemple, « <literal>/home/foo/</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3976 msgid "Command line options" msgstr "Options de la ligne de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3977 msgid "Some commands take arguments. Arguments starting with \"<literal>-</literal>\" or \"<literal>--</literal>\" are called options and control the behavior of the command." msgstr "Certaines commandes prennent des paramètres. Les paramètres qui commencent par « <literal>-</literal> » ou « <literal>--</literal> » sont appelés options et contrôlent le comportement de la commande." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3978 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ date\n" "Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n" "$ date -R\n" "Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100" msgstr "" "$ date\n" "Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n" "$ date -R\n" "Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3982 msgid "Here the command-line argument \"<literal>-R</literal>\" changes <literal>date</literal>(1) behavior to output <ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink> compliant date string." msgstr "Ici, le paramètre de la ligne de commandes « <literal>-R</literal> » modifie le comportement de la commande <literal>date</literal>(1) afin qu'elle donne en sortie une chaîne de date conforme à la <ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3985 msgid "Shell glob" msgstr "Motifs génériques (« glob ») de l’interpréteur de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3986 msgid "Often you want a command to work with a group of files without typing all of them. The filename expansion pattern using the shell <emphasis role=\"strong\">glob</emphasis>, (sometimes referred as <emphasis role=\"strong\">wildcards</emphasis>), facilitate this need." msgstr "Souvent, vous voudrez utiliser une commande sur un groupe de fichiers sans avoir à tous les entrer. Ceci est facilité par l’utilisation des motifs génériques d'expansion du nom de fichier de l’interpréteur de commandes (<emphasis role=\"strong\">glob</emphasis>), (on les appelle parfois <emphasis role=\"strong\">jokers</emphasis>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3988 msgid "Shell glob patterns" msgstr "Motifs génériques d'expansion du nom de fichier de l’interpréteur de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3995 msgid "shell glob pattern" msgstr "motif générique de l’interpréteur" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:3998 msgid "description of match rule" msgstr "description de la règle de correspondance" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4005 msgid "<literal>*</literal>" msgstr "<literal>*</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4008 msgid "filename (segment) not started with \"<literal>.</literal>\"" msgstr "nom de fichier (segment) ne commençant pas par « <literal>.</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4013 msgid "<literal>.*</literal>" msgstr "<literal>.*</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4016 msgid "filename (segment) started with \"<literal>.</literal>\"" msgstr "nom de fichier (segment) commençant par « <literal>.</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4021 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6401 msgid "<literal>?</literal>" msgstr "<literal>?</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4024 msgid "exactly one character" msgstr "exactement un caractère" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4029 msgid "<literal>[…]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>[…]</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4032 msgid "exactly one character with any character enclosed in brackets" msgstr "un caractère exactement, chaque caractère étant l’un de ceux entre crochets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4037 msgid "<literal>[a-z]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>[a-z]</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4040 msgid "exactly one character with any character between \"<literal>a</literal>\" and \"<literal>z</literal>\"" msgstr "exactement un caractère, chaque caractère étant compris entre « <literal>a</literal> » et « <literal>z</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4045 msgid "<literal>[^…]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>[^…]</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4048 msgid "exactly one character other than any character enclosed in brackets (excluding \"<literal>^</literal>\")" msgstr "exactement un caractère devant être différent de tous les caractères entre crochets (sauf « <literal>^</literal> »)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4055 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ mkdir junk; cd junk; touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n" "$ echo *.txt\n" "1.txt 2.txt\n" "$ echo *\n" "1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n" "$ echo *.[hc]\n" "3.c 4.h\n" "$ echo .*\n" ". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n" "$ echo .*[^.]*\n" ".5.txt ..6.txt\n" "$ echo [^1-3]*\n" "4.h\n" "$ cd ..; rm -rf junk" msgstr "" "$ mkdir poubelle; cd poubelle; touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n" "$ echo *.txt\n" "1.txt 2.txt\n" "$ echo *\n" "1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n" "$ echo *.[hc]\n" "3.c 4.h\n" "$ echo .*\n" ". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n" "$ echo .*[^.]*\n" ".5.txt ..6.txt\n" "$ echo [^1-3]*\n" "4.h\n" "$ cd ..; rm -rf poubelle" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4069 msgid "See <literal>glob</literal>(7)." msgstr "Voir <literal>glob</literal>(7)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4071 msgid "Unlike normal filename expansion by the shell, the shell pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" tested in <literal>find</literal>(1) with \"<literal>-name</literal>\" test etc., matches the initial \"<literal>.</literal>\" of the filename. (New <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> feature)" msgstr "Contrairement à l’expansion normale du nom de fichier par l’interpréteur de commandes, le motif « <literal>*</literal> » de l’interpréteur testé par <literal>find</literal>(1) avec « <literal>-name</literal> » test etc., correspond au « <literal>.</literal> » du nom de fichier. (Nouvelle fonctionnalité <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4074 msgid "BASH can be tweaked to change its glob behavior with its shopt builtin options such as \"<literal>dotglob</literal>\", \"<literal>noglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nullglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>extglob</literal>\", etc. See <literal>bash</literal>(1)." msgstr "On peut modifier le comportement d'expansion de fichiers selon des motifs génériques de BASH (« glob ») avec ses options « shopt » incluses telles que « <literal>dotglob</literal> », « <literal>noglob</literal> », « <literal>nocaseglob</literal> », « <literal>nullglob</literal> », « <literal>nocaseglob</literal> », « <literal>extglob </literal> », etc. Voir <literal>bash</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4078 msgid "Return value of the command" msgstr "Valeur de retour d'une commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4079 msgid "Each command returns its exit status (variable: \"<literal>$?</literal>\") as the return value." msgstr "Toutes les commandes retournent comme valeur de retour leur état de fin d'exécution (variable : « <literal>$?</literal> »)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4081 msgid "Command exit codes" msgstr "Codes de retour de la commande" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4089 msgid "command exit status" msgstr "état de sortie de la commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4092 msgid "numeric return value" msgstr "valeur numérique de retour" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4095 msgid "logical return value" msgstr "valeur logique de retour" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4102 msgid "success" msgstr "succès" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4105 msgid "zero, 0" msgstr "zéro, 0" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4108 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">VRAI</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4113 msgid "error" msgstr "erreur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4116 msgid "non-zero, -1" msgstr "non-nulle, -1" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4119 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FALSE</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FAUX</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4126 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n" "0\n" "$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n" "1" msgstr "" "$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n" "0\n" "$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n" "1" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4131 msgid "Please note that, in the logical context for the shell, <emphasis role=\"strong\">success</emphasis> is treated as the logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis> which has 0 (zero) as its value. This is somewhat non-intuitive and needs to be reminded here." msgstr "Vous remarquerez que, dans le contexte logique de l’interpréteur de commandes, un <emphasis role=\"strong\">succès</emphasis> est traité comme la valeur logique <emphasis role=\"strong\">VRAIE</emphasis> qui possède la valeur 0 (zéro). C'est parfois un peu contre-intuitif et il fallait le rappeler ici." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4135 msgid "Typical command sequences and shell redirection" msgstr "Séquences de commandes typiques et redirection de l’interpréteur de commandes" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4136 msgid "Let's try to remember following shell command idioms typed in one line as a part of shell command." msgstr "Essayez de retenir les idiomes suivants de l’interpréteur de commandes entrés sur une seule ligne en tant qu'extrait d'une commande de l’interpréteur." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4138 msgid "Shell command idioms" msgstr "Idiomes des commandes de l’interpréteur" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4145 msgid "command idiom" msgstr "idiome de commande" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4155 msgid "<literal>command &</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande &</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4157 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">background</emphasis> execution of <literal>command</literal> in the subshell" msgstr "exécuter la <literal>commande</literal> en <emphasis role=\"strong\">arrière-plan</emphasis> dans le sous-shell" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4162 msgid "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande1 | commande2</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4164 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">pipe</emphasis> the standard output of <literal>command1</literal> to the standard input of <literal>command2</literal> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrent</emphasis> execution)" msgstr "la sortie standard de <literal>commande1</literal> est passée (« piped ») à l’entrée standard de <literal>commande2</literal>. Les deux commandes peuvent tourner <emphasis role=\"strong\">simultanément</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4169 msgid "<literal>command1 2>&1 | command2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande1 2>&1 | commande2</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4171 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">pipe</emphasis> both standard output and standard error of <literal>command1</literal> to the standard input of <literal>command2</literal> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrent</emphasis> execution)" msgstr "La sortie standard et la sortie d'erreur standard de <literal>commande1</literal> sont toutes les deux passées à l’entrée standard de <literal>commande2</literal>. Les deux commandes peuvent tourner <emphasis role=\"strong\">simultanément</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4176 msgid "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande1 ; commande2</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4179 msgid "execute <literal>command1</literal> and <literal>command2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>" msgstr "exécuter <literal>commande1</literal> et <literal>commande2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">séquentiellement</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4184 msgid "<literal>command1 && command2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande1 && commande2</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4187 msgid "execute <literal>command1</literal>; if successful, execute <literal>command2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis> (return success if both <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">and</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful)" msgstr "exécuter <literal>commande1</literal>, en cas de succès, exécuter<literal>commande2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">séquentiellement</emphasis> (retourne un succès si à la fois <literal>commande1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\"> et </emphasis> <literal>commande2</literal> ont été réussies)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4192 msgid "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande1 || commande2</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4195 msgid "execute <literal>command1</literal>; if not successful, execute <literal>command2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis> (return success if <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">or</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful)" msgstr "exécuter <literal>commande1</literal>, en cas d'échec, exécuter <literal>commande2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">séquentiellement</emphasis> (retourne un succès si <literal>commande1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\"> ou </emphasis> <literal>commande2</literal> a été réussie)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4200 msgid "<literal>command > foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande > toto</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4203 msgid "redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal> (overwrite)" msgstr "rediriger la sortir standard de <literal>commande</literal> vers le fichier <literal>toto</literal> (l’écraser)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4208 msgid "<literal>command 2> foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande 2> toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4211 msgid "redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal> (overwrite)" msgstr "rediriger la sortie d'erreur standard de la <literal>commande</literal> vers le fichier <literal>toto</literal> (l’écraser)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4216 msgid "<literal>command >> foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande >> toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4219 msgid "redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal> (append)" msgstr "rediriger la sortie standard de la <literal>commande</literal> vers le fichier <literal>toto</literal> (ajouter à la fin du fichier)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4224 msgid "<literal>command 2>> foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande 2>> toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4227 msgid "redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal> (append)" msgstr "rediriger la sortie d'erreur standard de la <literal>commande</literal> vers le fichier <literal>toto</literal> (ajouter à la fin du fichier)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4232 msgid "<literal>command > foo 2>&1</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande > toto 2>&1</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4235 msgid "redirect both standard output and standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\"" msgstr "rediriger à la fois la sortie standard et l’erreur standard de la <literal>commande </literal> vers le fichier « <literal>toto</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4240 msgid "<literal>command < foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande < toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4243 msgid "redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>" msgstr "rediriger l’entrée standard de la <literal>commande</literal> vers le fichier <literal>toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4248 msgid "<literal>command << delimiter</literal>" msgstr "<literal>commande << délimiteur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4251 msgid "redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met (here document)" msgstr "rediriger l’entrée standard de la <literal>commande</literal> vers les lignes suivantes jusqu'à ce que le « <literal>délimiteur</literal> » soit rencontré (ce document)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4256 msgid "<literal>command <<- delimiter</literal>" msgstr "<literal>command <<- délimiteur</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4259 msgid "redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met (here document, the leading tab characters are stripped from input lines)" msgstr "rediriger l’entrée standard de <literal>commande</literal> vers les lignes qui suivent jusqu'à ce que le « <literal>délimiteur</literal> » soit rencontré, les caractères de tabulation de tête sont supprimés des lignes d'entrée)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4265 msgid "The Debian system is a multi-tasking system. Background jobs allow users to run multiple programs in a single shell. The management of the background process involves the shell builtins: <literal>jobs</literal>, <literal>fg</literal>, <literal>bg</literal>, and <literal>kill</literal>. Please read sections of bash(1) under \"SIGNALS\", and \"JOB CONTROL\", and <literal>builtins</literal>(1)." msgstr "Le système Debian est un système multi-tâches. Les travaux s'exécutant en arrière-plan permettent aux utilisateur de faire tourner plusieurs programmes depuis un seul interpréteur de commandes. La gestion des processus en arrière-plan fait appel aux commandes internes de l’interpréteur : <literal>jobs</literal>, <literal>fg</literal>, <literal>bg</literal> et <literal>kill</literal>. Veuillez lire les sections de bash(1) se trouvant sous « SIGNAUX » et « CONTRÔLE DES TÂCHES » ainsi que <literal>builtins</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4267 #, no-wrap msgid "$ </etc/motd pager" msgstr "$ </etc/motd visualisateur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4268 #, no-wrap msgid "$ pager </etc/motd" msgstr "$ visualisateur </etc/motd" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4269 #, no-wrap msgid "$ pager /etc/motd" msgstr "$ visualisateur /etc/motd" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4270 #, no-wrap msgid "$ cat /etc/motd | pager" msgstr "$ cat /etc/motd | visualisateur" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4271 msgid "Although all 4 examples of shell redirections display the same thing, the last example runs an extra <literal>cat</literal> command and wastes resources with no reason." msgstr "Bien que ces 4 exemples de redirections de shell affichent la même chose, le dernier exemple utilise la commande supplémentaire <literal>cat</literal> et gaspille des ressources sans raison." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4272 msgid "The shell allows you to open files using the <literal>exec</literal> builtin with an arbitrary file descriptor." msgstr "Le shell vous permet d'ouvrir des fichiers en utilisant la commande interne <literal>exec</literal> avec un descripteur de fichier arbitraire." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4273 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ echo Hello >foo\n" "$ exec 3<foo 4>bar # open files\n" "$ cat <&3 >&4 # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n" "$ exec 3<&- 4>&- # close files\n" "$ cat bar\n" "Hello" msgstr "" "$ echo Hello >toto\n" "$ exec 3<toto 4>titi # ouvrir les fichiers\n" "$ cat <&3 >&4 # rediriger stdin vers 3, stdout vers 4\n" "$ exec 3<&- 4>&- # fermer les fichiers\n" "$ cat titi\n" "Hello" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4279 msgid "Here, \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis><&-</literal>\" and \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>>&-</literal>\" mean to close the file descriptor \"<literal><emphasis>n</emphasis></literal>\"." msgstr "Ici, « <literal><emphasis>n</emphasis><&-</literal> » et « <literal><emphasis>n</emphasis>>&-</literal> » indiquent de fermer le descripteur de fichier « <literal><emphasis>n</emphasis></literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4280 msgid "The file descriptor 0-2 are predefined." msgstr "Les descripteurs de fichiers 0-2 sont prédéfinis." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4282 msgid "Predefined file descriptors" msgstr "Descripteurs de fichier prédéfinis" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4290 msgid "device" msgstr "périphérique" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4296 msgid "file descriptor" msgstr "descripteur de fichier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4303 msgid "<literal>stdin</literal>" msgstr "<literal>stdin</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4306 msgid "standard input" msgstr "entrée standard" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4309 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9836 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:20158 msgid "0" msgstr "0" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4314 msgid "<literal>stdout</literal>" msgstr "<literal>stdout</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4317 msgid "standard output" msgstr "sortie standard" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4320 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8567 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:9847 debian-reference.en.xmlt:11787 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:20526 msgid "1" msgstr "1" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4325 msgid "<literal>stderr</literal>" msgstr "<literal>stderr</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4328 msgid "standard error" msgstr "erreur standard" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4331 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9858 msgid "2" msgstr "2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4339 msgid "Command alias" msgstr "Alias de commande" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4340 msgid "You can set an alias for the frequently used command." msgstr "Vous pouvez définir des alias pour les commandes fréquemment utilisées." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4342 #, no-wrap msgid "$ alias la='ls -la'" msgstr "$ alias la='ls -la'" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4343 msgid "Now, \"<literal>la</literal>\" works as a short hand for \"<literal>ls -la</literal>\" which lists all files in the long listing format." msgstr "Maintenant, « <literal>la</literal> » fonctionnera comme un raccourci pour « <literal>ls -la</literal> » qui donne la liste de tous les fichier dans le format de liste long." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4344 msgid "You can list any existing aliases by <literal>alias</literal> (see <literal>bash</literal>(1) under \"SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\")." msgstr "Vous pouvez afficher la liste de tous les alias existants par la commande <literal>alias</literal> (voir <literal>bash</literal>(1) sous « COMMANDES INTERNES DU SHELL »)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4345 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ alias\n" "...\n" "alias la='ls -la'" msgstr "" "$ alias\n" "...\n" "alias la='ls -la'" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4348 msgid "You can identity exact path or identity of the command by <literal>type</literal> (see <literal>bash</literal>(1) under \"SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\")." msgstr "Vous pouvez identifier le chemin exact ou identifier la commande par <literal>type</literal> (voir <literal>bash</literal>(1) sous « COMMANDES INTERNES DU SHELL  »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4350 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ type ls\n" "ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n" "$ type la\n" "la is aliased to ls -la\n" "$ type echo\n" "echo is a shell builtin\n" "$ type file\n" "file is /usr/bin/file" msgstr "" "$ type ls\n" "ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n" "$ type la\n" "la is aliased to ls -la\n" "$ type echo\n" "echo is a shell builtin\n" "$ type file\n" "file is /usr/bin/file" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4358 msgid "Here <literal>ls</literal> was recently searched while \"<literal>file</literal>\" was not, thus \"<literal>ls</literal>\" is \"hashed\", i.e., the shell has an internal record for the quick access to the location of the \"<literal>ls</literal>\" command." msgstr "Ici, <literal>ls</literal> a été récemment recherché alors que « <literal>file</literal> » ne l’a pas été, donc « <literal>ls</literal> » est « hachée », c'est-à-dire que l’interpréteur de commandes possède un enregistrement interne permettant un accès rapide à l’emplacement de la commande « <literal>ls</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4360 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4704 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>." msgstr "Voir <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4365 msgid "Unix-like text processing" msgstr "Traitement des données textuelles à la Unix" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4366 msgid "In Unix-like work environment, text processing is done by piping text through chains of standard text processing tools. This was another crucial Unix innovation." msgstr "Dans un environnement de travail à la Unix, le traitement du texte est effectué en passant le texte par des tubes au travers d'une chaîne d'outils standard de traitement du texte. C'est une autre innovation cruciale d’Unix." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4368 msgid "Unix text tools" msgstr "Outils de traitement du texte d’Unix" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4369 msgid "There are few standard text processing tools which are used very often on the Unix-like system." msgstr "Il existe quelques outils standard de traitement du texte qui sont très souvent utilisés sur les systèmes « Unix-like »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4373 msgid "No regular expression is used:" msgstr "Aucune expression rationnelle n'est utilisée :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4377 msgid "<literal>cat</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs the whole content." msgstr "<literal>cat</literal>(1) concatène des fichiers et en affiche le contenu complet ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4381 msgid "<literal>tac</literal>(1) concatenates files and outputs in reverse." msgstr "<literal>tac</literal>(1) concatène des fichiers et les affiche en ordre inverse ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4385 msgid "<literal>cut</literal>(1) selects parts of lines and outputs." msgstr "<literal>cut</literal>(1) sélectionne des parties de lignes et les affiche  ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4389 msgid "<literal>head</literal>(1) outputs the first part of files." msgstr "<literal>head</literal>(1) affiche le début d'un fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4393 msgid "<literal>tail</literal>(1) outputs the last part of files." msgstr "<literal>tail</literal>(1) affiche la fin d'un fichier ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4397 msgid "<literal>sort</literal>(1) sorts lines of text files." msgstr "<literal>sort</literal>(1) trie des lignes de texte ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4401 msgid "<literal>uniq</literal>(1) removes duplicate lines from a sorted file." msgstr "<literal>uniq</literal>(1) supprime les lignes dupliquées d'un fichier trié  ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4405 msgid "<literal>tr</literal>(1) translates or deletes characters." msgstr "<literal>tr</literal>(1) traduit ou supprime des caractères ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4409 msgid "<literal>diff</literal>(1) compares files line by line." msgstr "<literal>diff</literal>(1) compare des fichiers ligne par ligne." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4416 msgid "Basic regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>) is used:" msgstr "Une expression rationnelle de base (« Basic regular expression - BRE ») est utilisée :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4420 msgid "<literal>grep</literal>(1) matches text with patterns." msgstr "<literal>grep</literal>(1) analyse la correspondance d'un texte avec des motifs ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4424 msgid "<literal>ed</literal>(1) is a primitive line editor." msgstr "<literal>ed</literal>(1) est un éditeur par ligne primitif ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4428 msgid "<literal>sed</literal>(1) is a stream editor." msgstr "<literal>sed</literal>(1) est un éditeur de flux ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4432 msgid "<literal>vim</literal>(1) is a screen editor." msgstr "<literal>vim</literal>(1) est un éditeur en mode écran ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4436 msgid "<literal>emacs</literal>(1) is a screen editor. (somewhat extended <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)" msgstr "<literal>emacs</literal>(1) est un éditeur en mode écran. (un peu étendu <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4443 msgid "Extended regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>) is used:" msgstr "Une expression rationnelle étendue (« Extended regular expression - ERE ») est utilisée :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4447 msgid "<literal>egrep</literal>(1) matches text with patterns." msgstr "<literal>egrep</literal>(1) fait correspondre du texte avec des motifs ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4451 msgid "<literal>awk</literal>(1) does simple text processing." msgstr "<literal>awk</literal>(1) effectue un traitement simple du texte ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4455 msgid "<literal>tcl</literal>(3tcl) can do every conceivable text processing: <literal>re_syntax</literal>(3). Often used with <literal>tk</literal>(3tk)." msgstr "<literal>tcl</literal>(3tcl) peut effectuer tous les traitements possibles du texte : <literal>re_syntax</literal>(3). Souvent utilisé avec <literal>tk</literal>(3tk) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4459 msgid "<literal>perl</literal>(1) can do every conceivable text processing. <literal>perlre</literal>(1)." msgstr "<literal>perl</literal>(1) peut effectuer tous les traitements imaginables sur du texte.<literal>perlre</literal>(1) ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4463 msgid "<literal>pcregrep</literal>(1) from the <literal>pcregrep</literal> package matches text with <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink> pattern." msgstr "<literal>pcregrep</literal>(1) du paquet <literal>pcregrep</literal> fait la correspondance de texte avec des motifs d'<ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">expressions rationnelles compatibles avec Perl (PCRE)</ulink> (« Perl Compatible Regular Expressions ») ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4467 msgid "<literal>python</literal>(1) with the <literal>re</literal> module can do every conceivable text processing. See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal>\"." msgstr "<literal>python</literal>(1) avec le module <literal>re</literal> peut faire tous les traitements imaginables sur du texte. Voir « <literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4473 msgid "If you are not sure what exactly these commands do, please use \"<literal>man command</literal>\" to figure it out by yourself." msgstr "Si vous n'êtes pas certain de ce que font exactement ces commandes veuillez utiliser la commande « <literal>man</literal> » pour vous en faire une idée par vous-même." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4475 msgid "Sort order and range expression are locale dependent. If you wish to obtain traditional behavior for a command, use <emphasis role=\"strong\">C</emphasis> locale instead of <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> ones by prepnding command with \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>)." msgstr "L’ordre de tri et la plage d'une expression dépendent des paramètres linguistiques. Si vous désirez obtenir le comportement traditionnel d'une commande, utilisez alors <emphasis role=\"strong\">C</emphasis> plutôt que <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> en faisant précéder la commande de « <literal>LANG=C</literal> » (voir <xref linkend=\"_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4478 msgid "<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> regular expressions (<literal>perlre</literal>(1)), <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink> regular expressions offered by the <literal>re</literal> module have many common extensions to the normal <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>." msgstr "Les expressions rationnelles de <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> (<literal>perlre</literal>(1)), <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Expressions rationnelles compatible avec Perl (PCRE)</ulink> et les expressions rationnelles de <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink> proposées par le module <literal>re</literal> ont de nombreuses extensions courantes par rapport aux expressions rationnelles étendues <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4482 msgid "Regular expressions" msgstr "Expressions rationnelles" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4483 msgid "<ulink url=\"®ularexpressions;\">Regular expressions</ulink> are used in many text processing tools. They are analogous to the shell globs, but they are more complicated and powerful." msgstr "Les <ulink url=\"®ularexpressions;\">expressions rationnelles</ulink> sont utilisées avec de nombreux outils de traitement du texte. Elles sont analogues aux motifs génériques « globs » du shell mais elles sont plus compliquées et plus puissantes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4484 msgid "The regular expression describes the matching pattern and is made up of text characters and <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>." msgstr "L’expression rationnelle décrit le motif de correspondance, elle est constituée de caractères de texte et de <emphasis role=\"strong\">méta-caractères</emphasis>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4485 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> is just a character with a special meaning. There are 2 major styles, <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>, depending on the text tools as described above." msgstr "Un <emphasis role=\"strong\">méta-caractères</emphasis> est simplement un caractère ayant une signification particulière. Il en existe deux styles principaux, <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> et <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> suivant les outils de texte décrits ci-dessus." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4487 msgid "Metacharacters for BRE and ERE" msgstr "Méta-caractères pour BRE et ERE" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4495 msgid "BRE" msgstr "BRE" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4498 msgid "ERE" msgstr "ERE" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4501 msgid "description of the regular expression" msgstr "description de l’expression rationnelle" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4508 msgid "<literal> \\ . [ ] ^ $ * </literal>" msgstr "<literal> \\ . [ ] ^ $ * </literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4511 msgid "<literal>\\ . [ ] ^ $ *</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\ . [ ] ^ $ *</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4514 msgid "common <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">méta-caractères</emphasis> courants" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4519 msgid "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4522 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4530 msgid " " msgstr " " # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4525 msgid "BRE only \"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">meta-caractères</emphasis> uniquement BRE, déspécifiés par « <literal>\\</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4533 msgid "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>" msgstr "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4536 msgid "ERE only non-\"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">meta-caractères</emphasis> uniquement ERE, non déspécifiés par « <literal>\\</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4547 msgid "match <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-metacharacter</emphasis> \"<literal>c</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond au <emphasis role=\"strong\">non méta-caractère</emphasis> « <literal>c</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4552 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4555 msgid "<literal>\\c</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\c</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4558 msgid "match a literal character \"<literal>c</literal>\" even if \"<literal>c</literal>\" is <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> by itself" msgstr "correspond au caractère littéral « <literal>c</literal> » même si « <literal>c</literal> » est un <emphasis role=\"strong\">méta-caractère</emphasis> en lui-même" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4563 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4566 msgid "<literal>.</literal>" msgstr "<literal>.</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4569 msgid "match any character including newline" msgstr "correspond à n'importe quel caractère y-compris le saut de ligne" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4574 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4577 msgid "<literal>^</literal>" msgstr "<literal>^</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4580 msgid "position at the beginning of a string" msgstr "position au début d'une chaîne de caractères" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4585 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4588 msgid "<literal>$</literal>" msgstr "<literal>$</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4591 msgid "position at the end of a string" msgstr "position à la fin d'une chaîne de caractères" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4596 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4599 msgid "<literal>\\<</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\<</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4602 msgid "position at the beginning of a word" msgstr "position au début d'un mot" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4607 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4610 msgid "<literal>\\></literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4613 msgid "position at the end of a word" msgstr "position à la fin d'un mot" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4618 msgid "<literal>\\[abc…\\]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\[abc…\\]</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4621 msgid "<literal>[abc…]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>[abc…]</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4624 msgid "match any characters in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond à n'importe quel caractère dans « <literal>abc…</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4629 msgid "<literal>\\[^abc…\\]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\[^abc…\\]</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4632 msgid "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>" msgstr "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4635 msgid "match any characters except in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond à n'importe quel caractère sauf ceux se trouvant dans « <literal>abc…</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4640 debian-reference.en.xmlt:4643 msgid "<literal>r*</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r*</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4646 msgid "match zero or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond à aucune ou plusieurs instances de l’expression rationnelle identifiée par « <literal>r</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4651 msgid "<literal>r\\+</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r\\+</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4654 msgid "<literal>r+</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r+</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4657 msgid "match one or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond à une ou plusieurs instances de l’expression rationnelle identifiée par « <literal>r</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4662 msgid "<literal>r\\?</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r\\?</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4665 msgid "<literal>r?</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r?</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4668 msgid "match zero or one regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond à aucune ou une instance de l’expression rationnelle identifiée par « <literal>r</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4673 msgid "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4676 msgid "<literal>r1|r2</literal>" msgstr "<literal>r1|r2</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4679 msgid "match one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" or \"<literal>r2</literal>\"" msgstr "correspond à une instance de l’expression rationnelle identifiée par « <literal>r1</literal> » ou« <literal>r2</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4684 msgid "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4687 msgid "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>" msgstr "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4690 msgid "match one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" or \"<literal>r2</literal>\" and treat it as a <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression" msgstr "correspond à une des expressions rationnelles identifiées par « <literal>r1</literal> » ou « <literal>r2</literal> » et la traite comme une expression rationnelle <emphasis role=\"strong\">entre crochets</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4696 msgid "The regular expression of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis> is basically <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> but has been extended to treat \"<literal>+</literal>\"and \"<literal>?</literal>\" as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis> as in <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>. Thus, there are no needs to escape them with \"<literal>\\</literal>\" in the regular expression of <literal>emacs</literal>." msgstr "Une expression rationnelle d'<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis> est <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE de base</emphasis> mais elle a été étendue afin de traiter « <literal>+</literal> » et « <literal>?</literal> » comme des <emphasis role=\"strong\">méta-caractères</emphasis> comme dans les <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>. Il n'est dont pas nécessaire de les déspécifier avec « <literal>\\</literal> » dans les expression rationnelles d'<literal>emacs</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4697 msgid "<literal>grep</literal>(1) can be used to perform the text search using the regular expression." msgstr "<literal>grep</literal>(1) peut être utilisé pour effectuer de la recherche de texte en utilisant une expression rationnelle." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4699 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n" "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n" "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n" "Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program" msgstr "" "$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n" "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n" "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n" "Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4708 msgid "Replacement expressions" msgstr "Expressions de remplacement" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4709 msgid "For the replacement expression, some characters have special meanings." msgstr "Pour l’expression de remplacement, certains caractères ont une signification particulière." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4711 msgid "The replacement expression" msgstr "Expressions de remplacement" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4718 msgid "replacement expression" msgstr "expressions de remplacement" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4721 msgid "description of the text to replace the replacement expression" msgstr "description du texte destiné à remplacer l’expression de replacement" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4728 msgid "<literal>&</literal>" msgstr "<literal>&</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4731 msgid "what the regular expression matched (use <literal>\\&</literal> in <literal>emacs</literal>)" msgstr "ce à quoi correspond l’expression rationnelle (utilisez <literal>\\&</literal> avec <literal>emacs</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4736 msgid "<literal>\\n</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\n</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4739 msgid "what the n-th <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression matched (\"n\" being number)" msgstr "ce à quoi la nième expression rationnelle <emphasis role=\"strong\">entre crochets</emphasis> correspond (« n » étant un nombre)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4745 msgid "For Perl replacement string, \"<literal>$n</literal>\" is used instead of \"<literal>\\n</literal>\" and \"<literal>&</literal>\" has no special meaning." msgstr "Pour les chaînes de remplacement en Perl « <literal>$n</literal> » est utilisé à la place de « <literal>\\n</literal> » et « <literal>&</literal> » n'a pas de signification particulière." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4747 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&=/'\n" "zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n" "zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n" "zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=&=/'\n" "zzz=&=" msgstr "" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&=/'\n" "zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n" "zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n" "zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n" "$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n" "perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=&=/'\n" "zzz=&=" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4759 msgid "Here please pay extra attention to the style of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression and how the matched strings are used in the text replacement process on different tools." msgstr "Vous prêterez ici une attention particulière au style de l’expression rationnelle <emphasis role=\"strong\">entre crochets</emphasis> et à la manière dont les chaînes qui correspondent sont utilisées dans le processus de remplacement du texte avec les différents outils." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4760 msgid "These regular expressions can be used for cursor movements and text replacement actions in some editors too." msgstr "Ces expressions rationnelles peuvent aussi être utilisées pour les déplacements du curseur et des actions de remplacement de texte dans certains éditeurs." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4761 msgid "The back slash \"<literal>\\</literal>\" at the end of line in the shell commandline escapes newline as a white space character and continues shell command line input to the next line." msgstr "Un « back slash » (« <literal>\\</literal> ») en fin de ligne sur la ligne de commandes du shell déspécifie le saut de ligne en un caractère d'espacement et permet de poursuivre la ligne de commandes de l’interpréteur sur la ligne suivante." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4762 msgid "Please read all the related manual pages to learn these commands." msgstr "Pour apprendre ces commandes, veuillez lire les pages de manuel correspondantes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4765 msgid "Global substitution with regular expressions" msgstr "Substitution globale avec des expressions rationnelles" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4766 msgid "The <literal>ed</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\"." msgstr "La commande <literal>ed</literal>(1) peut remplacer toutes les instances de « <literal>REGEX_SOURCE</literal> » par « <literal>TEXTE_DESTINATION</literal> dans « <literal>fichier</literal> » :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4767 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ ed file <<EOF\n" ",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n" "w\n" "q\n" "EOF" msgstr "" "$ ed fichier <<EOF\n" ",s/REGEX_SOURCE/TEXT_DESTINATION/g\n" "w\n" "q\n" "EOF" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4772 msgid "The <literal>sed</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\"." msgstr "La commande <literal>sed</literal>(1) peut remplacer toutes les instances de « <literal>REGEX_SOURCE</literal> » par « <literal>TEXTE_DESTINATION</literal> dans « <literal>fichier</literal> » :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4773 #, no-wrap msgid "$ sed file 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g' | sponge file" msgstr "$ sed file 's/REGEX_SOURCE/TEXTE_DESTINATION/g' | sponge fichier" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4775 msgid "The <literal>sponge</literal>(8) command is a non-standard Unix tool offered by the <literal>moreutils</literal> package. This is quite useful when you wish to overwrite original file." msgstr "La commande <literal>sponge</literal>(8) est un outil non standard d’Unix proposé par le paquet <literal>moreutils</literal>. C'est assez utile lorsque vous désirez écraser le fichier d'origine." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4777 msgid "The <literal>vim</literal>(1) command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>\" by using <literal>ex</literal>(1) commands." msgstr "La commande <literal>vim</literal>(1) peut remplacer toutes les instances de « <literal>REGEX_SOURCE</literal> » avec « <literal>TEXTE_DESTINATION</literal> » dans « <literal>file</literal> » en utilisant les commandes « <literal>ex</literal>(1) :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4778 #, no-wrap msgid "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file" msgstr "$ vim '+%s/REGEX_SOURCE/TEXTE_DESTINATION/gc' '+w' '+q' fichier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4780 msgid "The \"<literal>c</literal>\" flag in the above ensures interactive confirmation for each substitution." msgstr "L’indicateur « <literal>c</literal> » dans l’exemple qui précède permet une confirmation interactive de chaque substitution." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4782 msgid "Multiple files (\"<literal>file1</literal>\", \"<literal>file2</literal>\", and \"<literal>file3</literal>\") can be processed with regular expressions similarly with <literal>vim</literal>(1) or <literal>perl</literal>(1)." msgstr "Plusieurs fichiers ( <literal>fichier1</literal> », « <literal>fichier2</literal> » et « <literal>fichier3</literal> ») peuvent être traités de manière similaire par une expression rationnelle avec <literal>vim</literal>(1) ou <literal>perl</literal>(1) :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4783 #, no-wrap msgid "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/ge|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3" msgstr "$ vim '+argdo %s/REGEX_SOURCE/TEXT_DESTINATION/ge|update' '+q' fichier1 fichier2 fichier3" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4785 msgid "The \"<literal>e</literal>\" flag in the above prevents the \"No match\" error from breaking a mapping." msgstr "L’indicateur « <literal>e</literal> » de l’exemple précédent évite qu'une erreur « No match » (pas de correspondance) ne casse un mapping :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4787 #, no-wrap msgid "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3" msgstr "$ perl -i -p -e 's/REGEX_SOURCE/TEXTE_DESTINATION/g;' fichier1 fichier2 fichier3" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4788 msgid "In the perl(1) example, \"<literal>-i</literal>\" is for in-place editing, \"<literal>-p</literal>\" is for implicit loop over files." msgstr "Dans l’exemple en perl(1) ci-dessus, « <literal>-i</literal> » permet l’édition en situation, « <literal>-p</literal> » demande une boucle explicite sur les fichiers." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4790 msgid "Use of argument \"<literal>-i.bak</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>-i</literal>\" keeps each original file by adding \"<literal>.bak</literal>\" to its filename. This makes recovery from errors easier for complex substitutions." msgstr "L’utilisation du paramètre « <literal>-i.bak</literal> » à la place de «  <literal>-i</literal> » conserve le fichier d'origine en ajoutant « <literal>.bak</literal> » à son nom de fichier. Ceci permet la récupération plus facile d'erreurs lors de substitutions complexes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4793 msgid "<literal>ed</literal>(1) and <literal>vim</literal>(1) are <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>; <literal>perl</literal>(1) is <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>." msgstr "<literal>ed</literal>(1) et <literal>vim</literal>(1) sont <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> ; <literal>perl</literal>(1) est <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4797 msgid "Extracting data from text file table" msgstr "Extraire des données d'un tableau contenu dans un fichier texte" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4798 msgid "Let's consider a text file called \"<literal>DPL</literal>\" in which some pre-2004 Debian project leader's names and their initiation days are listed in a space-separated format." msgstr "Considérons un fichier texte « <literal>DPL</literal> » dans lequel les noms de certains des responsables du projet Debian d'avant 2004 et leur date d'investiture sont présentées dans un format séparés par des espaces :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4800 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Ian Murdock August 1993\n" "Bruce Perens April 1996\n" "Ian Jackson January 1998\n" "Wichert Akkerman January 1999\n" "Ben Collins April 2001\n" "Bdale Garbee April 2002\n" "Martin Michlmayr March 2003" msgstr "" "Ian Murdock August 1993\n" "Bruce Perens April 1996\n" "Ian Jackson January 1998\n" "Wichert Akkerman January 1999\n" "Ben Collins April 2001\n" "Bdale Garbee April 2002\n" "Martin Michlmayr March 2003" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4808 msgid "See <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">\"A Brief History of Debian\"</ulink> for the latest <ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian leadership history</ulink>." msgstr "Voir « <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">Bref historique de Debian</ulink> » pour la dernière <ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian leadership history</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4810 msgid "Awk is frequently used to extract data from these types of files." msgstr "Awk est fréquemment utilisé pour extraire des données de ce type de fichiers." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4812 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ awk '{ print $3 }' <DPL # month started\n" "August\n" "April\n" "January\n" "January\n" "April\n" "April\n" "March\n" "$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' <DPL # DPL called Ian\n" "Ian Murdock August 1993\n" "Ian Jackson January 1998\n" "$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' <DPL # When Perens started\n" "April 1996" msgstr "" "$ awk '{ print $3 }' <DPL # mois d'investiture\n" "August\n" "April\n" "January\n" "January\n" "April\n" "April\n" "March\n" "$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' <DPL # DPL appelé Ian\n" "Ian Murdock August 1993\n" "Ian Jackson January 1998\n" "$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' <DPL # quand Perens a été investi\n" "April 1996" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4825 msgid "Shells such as Bash can be also used to parse this kind of file." msgstr "Des interpréteurs de commandes comme Bash peuvent aussi être utilisés pour analyser ce genre de fichiers." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4827 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ while read first last month year; do\n" " echo $month\n" " done <DPL\n" "... same output as the first Awk example" msgstr "" "$ while read first last month year; do\n" " echo $month\n" " done <DPL\n" "... même sortie que le premier exemple Awk" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4831 msgid "Here, the <literal>read</literal> builtin command uses characters in \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" (internal field separators) to split lines into words." msgstr "Ici, la commande interne <literal>read</literal> utilise les caractères de « <literal>$IFS</literal> » (séparateurs de champs internes) pour scinder les lignes en mots." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4832 msgid "If you change \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" to \"<literal>:</literal>\", you can parse \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" with shell nicely." msgstr "Si vous changez « <literal>$IFS</literal> » en « <literal>:</literal> », vous pouvez analyser facilement le fichier « <literal>/etc/passwd</literal> » :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4833 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\" # save old value\n" "$ IFS=':'\n" "$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n" " if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n" " echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n" " fi\n" " done < /etc/passwd\n" "bozo's ID is 1000\n" "$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\" # restore old value" msgstr "" "$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\" # préserver l’ancienne valeur\n" "$ IFS=\":\"\n" "$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n" " if [ \"$user\" = \"osamu\" ]; then\n" " echo \"ID de $user est $uid\"\n" " fi\n" " done < /etc/passwd\n" "ID de osamu est 1001\n" "$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\" # remet l’ancienne valeur" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4842 msgid "(If Awk is used to do the equivalent, use \"<literal>FS=':'</literal>\" to set the field separator.)" msgstr "(Si Awk est utilisé pour faire la même chose, utilisez « <literal>FS=':'</literal> » pour définir le séparateur de champs)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4843 msgid "IFS is also used by the shell to split results of parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. These do not occur within double or single quoted words. The default value of IFS is <space>, <tab>, and <newline> combined." msgstr "IFS est aussi utilisé par l’interpréteur de commandes pour scinder le résultat de l’expansion des paramètres, de la substitution de commande et de l’expansion arithmétique. Ceci ne se produit pas pour les mots entre double ou simple apostrophes. La valeur de IFS par défaut est <space>, <tab> et <newline> combinés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4844 msgid "Be careful about using this shell IFS tricks. Strange things may happen, when shell interprets some parts of the script as its <emphasis role=\"strong\">input</emphasis>." msgstr "Faites attention en utilisant cette astuce IFS dans un shell. Des choses étranges peuvent survenir lorsque le shell interprète certaines parties du script comme son <emphasis role=\"strong\">entrée</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4845 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ IFS=\":,\" # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n" "$ echo IFS=$IFS, IFS=\"$IFS\" # echo is a Bash builtin\n" "IFS= , IFS=:,\n" "$ date -R # just a command output\n" "Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n" "$ echo $(date -R) # sub shell --> input to main shell\n" "Sat 23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n" "$ unset IFS # reset IFS to the default\n" "$ echo $(date -R)\n" "Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200" msgstr "" "$ IFS=\":,\" # utiliser « : » et « , » pour IFS\n" "$ echo IFS=$IFS, IFS=\"$IFS\" # echo est une commande interne de Bash\n" "IFS= , IFS=:,\n" "$ date -R # simplement une sortie de commande\n" "Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n" "$ echo $(date -R) # sous-shell --> entrée du shell principal\n" "Sat 23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n" "$ unset IFS # réinitialiser IFS à sa valeur par défaut\n" "$ echo $(date -R)\n" "Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4857 msgid "Script snippets for piping commands" msgstr "Bouts de scripts pour les tubes" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4858 msgid "The following scripts do nice things as a part of a pipe." msgstr "Les scripts suivants font des choses sympa avec les tubes." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4860 msgid "List of script snippets for piping commands" msgstr "Liste de parties de scripts pour enchaîner (piping) les commandes" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4867 msgid "script snippet (type in one line)" msgstr "fragment de script (à entrer sur une seule ligne)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4870 msgid "effect of command" msgstr "effet de la commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4877 msgid "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>" msgstr "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4880 msgid "find all files under \"<literal>/usr</literal>\"" msgstr "rechercher tous les fichiers se trouvant sous « <literal>/usr</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4885 msgid "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>" msgstr "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4888 msgid "print 1 to 100" msgstr "imprimer 1 à 100" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4893 msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 <command></literal>" msgstr "<literal> | xargs -n 1 <commande></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4896 msgid "run command repeatedly with each item from pipe as its argument" msgstr "lancer la commande de manière répétitive en utilisant chaque élément provenant du tube (pipe) comme paramètre" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4901 msgid "<literal> | xargs -n 1 echo</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | xargs -n 1 echo</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4904 msgid "split white-space-separated items from pipe into lines" msgstr "scinder les éléments séparés par des espaces provenant du tube (pipe) en différentes lignes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4909 msgid "<literal> | xargs echo</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | xargs echo</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4912 msgid "merge all lines from pipe into a line" msgstr "concaténer les lignes provenant du tube en une seule ligne" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4917 msgid "<literal> | grep -e <regex_pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal> | grep -e <motif_expression_rationnelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4920 msgid "extract lines from pipe containing <regex_pattern>" msgstr "extraire du tube les lignes contenant <motif_expression_rationnelle>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4925 msgid "<literal> | grep -v -e <regex_pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal> | grep -v -e <motif_expression_rationnelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4928 msgid "extract lines from pipe not containing <regex_pattern>" msgstr "extraire du tube les lignes ne contenant pas <motif_expression_rationnelle>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4933 msgid "<literal> | cut -d: -f3 -</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | cut -d: -f3 -</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4936 msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by \"<literal>:</literal>\" (passwd file etc.)" msgstr "extraire du tube le troisième champ, séparé par « <literal>:</literal> » (fichier passwd, etc.)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4941 msgid "<literal> | awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4944 msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by whitespaces" msgstr "extraire du tube le troisième champ séparé par des caractères d'espacement" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4949 msgid "<literal> | awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4952 msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by tab" msgstr "extraire du tube le troisième champ séparé par une tabulation" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4957 msgid "<literal> | col -bx</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | col -bx</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4960 msgid "remove backspace and expand tabs to spaces" msgstr "supprimer le retour arrière (backspace) et convertir les tabulations en espaces" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4965 msgid "<literal> | expand -</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | expand -</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4968 msgid "expand tabs" msgstr "convertir les tabulations en espaces" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4973 msgid "<literal> | sort| uniq</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | sort| uniq</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4976 msgid "sort and remove duplicates" msgstr "trier et supprimer les doublons" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4981 msgid "<literal> | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4984 msgid "convert uppercase to lowercase" msgstr "convertir de majuscules en minuscules" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4989 msgid "<literal> | tr -d '\\n'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | tr -d '\\n'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4992 msgid "concatenate lines into one line" msgstr "concaténer les lignes en une seule ligne" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:4997 msgid "<literal> | tr -d '\\r'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | tr -d '\\r'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5000 msgid "remove CR" msgstr "supprimer le retour à la ligne (CR)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5005 msgid "<literal> | sed 's/^/# /'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | sed 's/^/# /'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5008 msgid "add \"<literal>#</literal>\" to the start of each line" msgstr "ajouter « <literal>#</literal> » au début de chaque ligne" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5013 msgid "<literal> | sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5016 msgid "remove \"<literal>.ext</literal>\"" msgstr "supprimer « <literal>.ext</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5021 msgid "<literal> | sed -n -e 2p</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | sed -n -e 2p</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5024 msgid "print the second line" msgstr "afficher la seconde ligne" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5029 msgid "<literal> | head -n 2 -</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | head -n 2 -</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5032 msgid "print the first 2 lines" msgstr "afficher les deux premières lignes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5037 msgid "<literal> | tail -n 2 -</literal>" msgstr "<literal> | tail -n 2 -</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5040 msgid "print the last 2 lines" msgstr "afficher les deux dernières lignes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5046 msgid "One-line shell script can loop over many files using <literal>find</literal>(1) and <literal>xargs</literal>(1) to perform quite complicated tasks. See <xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>." msgstr "Un script de l’interpréteur d'une seule ligne peut reboucler sur de nombreux fichier en utilisant <literal>find</literal>(1) et <literal>xargs</literal>(1) afin d'effectuer des tâches assez complexes. Voir <xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> et <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5047 msgid "When using the shell interactive mode becomes too complicated, please consider to write a shell script (see <xref linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)." msgstr "Lorsque l’utilisation de l’interpréteur de commandes en mode interactif devient trop compliquée, pensez à écrire un script en shell (voir <xref linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5052 msgid "Debian package management" msgstr "Gestion des paquets Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5054 msgid "This chapter is written assuming the latest stable release is codename: <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>." msgstr "Ce chapitre a été écrit en supposant que le nom de code de la dernière version stable est <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5056 msgid "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> is a volunteer organization which builds <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent</emphasis> distributions of pre-compiled binary packages of free software and distributes them from its archive." msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> est une association de volontaires qui construit des distributions <emphasis role=\"strong\">cohérentes</emphasis> de paquets binaires de logiciels libres pré-compilés et les distribue depuis son archive." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5057 msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">The Debian archive</ulink> is offered by <ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">many remote mirror sites</ulink> for access through HTTP and FTP methods. It is also available as <ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>." msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">L’archive Debian</ulink> est proposée depuis de <ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">nombreux sites-miroirs distants</ulink>, on peut y accéder par les méthodes HTTP et FTP. Elle est aussi disponible sous forme de <ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5058 msgid "The Debian package management system, <emphasis role=\"strong\">when used properly</emphasis>, offers the user to install <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent sets of binary packages</emphasis> to the system from the archive. Currently, there are &all-packages; packages available for the &arch; architecture." msgstr "Le système de gestion des paquets Debian, <emphasis role=\"strong\">lorsqu'il est proprement utilisé</emphasis>, permet à l’utilisateur d'installer sur le système des <emphasis role=\"strong\">ensembles cohérents de paquets binaires</emphasis> à partir de l’archive. Il y a actuellement &all-packages; paquets disponibles pour l’architecture &arch;." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5059 msgid "The Debian package management system has a rich history and many choices for the front end user program and back end archive access method to be used. Currently, we recommend the following." msgstr "Le système de gestion des paquets de Debian possède un riche historique et de nombreux choix de programmes d'interface pour l’utilisateur final et de méthodes de fond pour l’accès aux archives. Actuellement, nous recommandons ce qui suit :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5062 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal>(8) for all commandline operations, including package installation and removal, and dist-upgrades." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal>(8) pour toutes les opérations en ligne de commandes, y-compris, l’installation et la suppression de paquet et dist-upgrades." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5066 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) for an interactive text interface to manage the installed packages and to search the available packages." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) pour une interface interactive en mode texte permettant de gérer les paquets installés et de faire des recherches parmi les paquets disponibles." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5070 msgid "<literal>update-manager</literal>(8) for keeping your system up-to-date if you're running the default GNOME desktop." msgstr "<literal>update-manager</literal>(8) pour maintenir à jour votre système si vous utilisez l’environnement de bureau GNOME par défaut." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5075 msgid "List of Debian package management tools" msgstr "Liste des outils de gestion des paquets de Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5103 msgid "Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), front-end for <literal>dpkg</literal> providing \"<literal>http</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp</literal>\", and \"<literal>file</literal>\" archive access methods (<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> commands included)" msgstr "Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) (« outil avancé de paquetage »), frontal de <literal>dpkg</literal> permettant les méthodes d'accès à l’archive « <literal>http</literal> », « <literal>ftp</literal> » et « <literal>file</literal> » (les commandes <literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>apt-cache</literal> sont comprises)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5111 msgid "interactive terminal-based package manager with <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)" msgstr "gestionnaire de paquets interactif en mode terminal avec <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5119 msgid "GNOME application that manages software updates with <literal>update-manager</literal>(8)" msgstr "application GNOME gérant les mises à jour du logiciel avec <literal>update-manager</literal>(8)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5127 msgid "tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian system (front-end for APT)" msgstr "outil de sélection de tâches pour l’installation sur un système Debian (frontal d'APT)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5135 msgid "enhancement package for APT to enable automatic installation of security upgrades" msgstr "paquet d'amélioration d'APT permettant une installation automatique des mises à niveau de sécurité" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5143 msgid "terminal-based package manager (previous standard, front-end for APT and other old access methods)" msgstr "gestionnaire de paquets en mode terminal (standard précédent, frontal d'APT et d'autres anciennes méthodes d'accès)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5151 msgid "package management system for Debian" msgstr "système de gestion des paquets pour Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5159 msgid "graphical package manager (GNOME front-end for APT)" msgstr "gestionnaire de paquets graphique (interface graphique GNOME pour APT)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5167 msgid "APT utility programs: <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1), <literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1), and <literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)" msgstr "Programmes utilitaires d'APT : <literal>apt-extracttemplates</literal>(1), <literal>apt-ftparchive</literal>(1) et <literal>apt-sortpkgs</literal>(1)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5175 msgid "package change history notification tool" msgstr "outil de notification des modifications d'un paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5183 msgid "lists critical bugs before each APT installation" msgstr "affiche la liste des bogues critiques avant chaque installation par APT" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5191 msgid "APT package searching utility — command-line interface" msgstr "utilitaire de recherche de paquet d'APT — interface en ligne de commandes" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5199 msgid "recursively lists package dependencies" msgstr "afficher de manière récursive la liste des dépendances du paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5206 msgid "Debian package management prerequisites" msgstr "Prérequis pour la gestion des paquets Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5208 msgid "Package configuration" msgstr "Configuration de paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5209 msgid "Here are some key points for package configuration on the Debian system." msgstr "Voici quelques points-clés de la configuration des paquets sur un système Debian :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5213 msgid "The manual configuration by the system administrator is respected. In other words, the package configuration system makes no intrusive configuration for the sake of convenience." msgstr "la configuration manuelle effectuée par l’administrateur du système est respectée. En d'autres termes, le système de configuration des paquets effectue, pour des raisons de commodité, une configuration non intrusive ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5218 msgid "Each package comes with its own configuration script with standardized user interface called <literal>debconf</literal>(7) to help initial installation process of the package." msgstr "chaque paquet possède son propre script de configuration avec une interface utilisateur standardisée appelée <literal>debconf</literal>(7) qui permet de faciliter le processus initial d'installation du paquet ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5223 msgid "Debian Developers try their best to make your upgrade experience flawless with package configuration scripts." msgstr "les développeurs Debian font de leur mieux pour que vos mises à jour se fassent de manière impeccable avec les scripts de configuration du paquet ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5228 msgid "Full functionalities of packaged software are available to the system administrator. But ones with security risks are disabled in the default installation." msgstr "l’administrateur du système peut utiliser toutes les fonctionnalités des paquets de logiciels. Cependant, celles qui présentent un risque de sécurité sont désactivées lors de l’installation par défaut ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5233 msgid "If you manually activate a service with some security risks, you are responsible for the risk containment." msgstr "si vous activez vous-même un service qui présente certains risques de sécurité, vous êtes responsable du confinement du risque ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5238 msgid "Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system administrator. This may creates interference with popular generic helper programs for the system configuration." msgstr "des configurations ésotériques peuvent être activées manuellement par l’administrateur du système. Ceci peut créer des interférences avec les programmes génériques d'assistance à la configuration du système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5244 msgid "Basic precautions" msgstr "Précautions de base" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5246 msgid "Do not install packages from random mixture of suites. It probably breaks the package consistency which requires deep system management knowledge, such as compiler <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&library;\">library</ulink> version, interpreter features, etc." msgstr "Ne pas installer de paquets provenant d'un mélange aléatoire de suites. Ceci va probablement casser la cohérence des paquets et demande une connaissance en profondeur de la gestion du système, comme l’<ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>, d'un compilateur, la version d'une <ulink url=\"&library;\">bibliothèque</ulink>, les fonctionnalités d'un interpréteur, etc." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5248 msgid "The <ulink url=\"&newbie;\">newbie</ulink> Debian system administrator should stay with the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release of Debian while applying only security updates. I mean that some of the following valid actions are better avoided, as a precaution, until you understand the Debian system very well. Here are some reminders." msgstr "L’administrateur <ulink url=\"&newbie;\">débutant</ulink> d'un système Debian devrait conserver la version <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> de Debian en appliquant les mises à jour de sécurité. Je veux dire qu'il vaut mieux éviter, par précaution, certaines des actions valables suivantes, jusqu'à ce que vous ayez très bien compris le système Debian. Voici quelques rappels :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5252 msgid "Do not include <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"." msgstr "ne pas inclure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis>, ni <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> dans « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5257 msgid "Do not mix standard Debian with other non-Debian archives such as Ubuntu in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"." msgstr "ne pas mélanger des archives standard de Debian avec d'autres archives telles qu'Ubuntu dans « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5262 msgid "Do not create \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"." msgstr "ne pas créer le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5267 msgid "Do not change default behavior of package management tools through configuration files without knowing their full impacts." msgstr "ne pas modifier le comportement par défaut des outils de gestion des paquets au travers des fichiers de configuration sans en connaître toutes les conséquences ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5272 msgid "Do not install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg -i <random_package></literal>\"." msgstr "ne pas installer de paquets quelconques à l’aide de « <literal>dpkg -i <paquet_quelconque></literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5277 msgid "Do not ever install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i <random_package></literal>\"." msgstr "ne jamais installer de paquets quelconques à l’aide de « <literal>dpkg --force-all -i <paquet_quelconque></literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5282 msgid "Do not erase or alter files in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\"." msgstr "ne pas effacer ni modifier les fichiers se trouvant dans « <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5287 msgid "Do not overwrite system files by installing software programs directly compiled from source." msgstr "ne pas écraser les fichiers systèmes en installant des logiciels directement depuis les sources." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5292 msgid "Install them into \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" or \"<literal>/opt</literal>\", if needed." msgstr "Au besoin, les installer dans « <literal>/usr/local</literal> » ou « <literal>/opt</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5298 msgid "The non-compatible effects caused by above actions to the Debian package management system may leave your system unusable." msgstr "Les effets non compatibles avec le système de gestion des paquets Debian engendrés par les actions ci-dessus peuvent rendre votre système inutilisable." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5299 msgid "The serious Debian system administrator who runs mission critical servers, should use extra precautions." msgstr "L’administrateur système Debian sérieux, qui s'occupe de serveurs dont la mission est critique, devra prendre des précautions supplémentaires :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5303 msgid "Do not install any packages including security updates from Debian without thoroughly testing them with your particular configuration under safe conditions." msgstr "ne pas installer de paquets, y-compris les mises à jour de sécurité provenant de Debian sans les avoir testés soigneusement, avec votre configuration particulière, dans des conditions sûres." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5308 msgid "You as the system administrator are responsible for your system in the end." msgstr "Vous êtes finalement, en tant qu'administrateur système, responsable de votre système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5313 msgid "The long stability history of Debian system is no guarantee by itself." msgstr "La longue histoire de stabilité du système Debian n'est pas, en elle-même, une garantie." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5321 msgid "Life with eternal upgrades" msgstr "La vie avec d'éternelles mises à jour" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5322 msgid "Despite my warnings above, I know many readers of this document wish to run the <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> suites of Debian as their main system for <emphasis role=\"strong\">self-administered Desktop environments</emphasis>. This is because they work very well, are updated frequently, and offer the latest features." msgstr "En dépit de mes avertissements précédents, je sais que de nombreux lecteurs de ce document voudront utiliser versions <literal>testing</literal> ou <literal>unstable</literal> de Debian comme système principal pour des <emphasis role=\"strong\">environnements de bureau auto-administrés</emphasis>. Ceci parce qu'elles fonctionnent très bien, sont fréquemment mises à jour et offrent les fonctionnalités les plus récentes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5324 msgid "For your <emphasis role=\"strong\">production server</emphasis>, the <literal>stable</literal> suite with the security updates is recommended. The same can be said for desktop PCs on which you can spend limited administration efforts, e.g. for your mother's PC." msgstr "Pour votre <emphasis role=\"strong\">serveur de production</emphasis>, la suite <literal>stable</literal> avec les mises à jour de sécurité est recommandée. On peut dire la même chose des PC de bureau sur lesquels vous ne pouvez dépenser que des efforts limités d'administration, par exemple le PC de votre belle-mère." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5326 msgid "It takes no more than simply setting the distribution string in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to the suite name: \"<literal>testing</literal>\" or \"<literal>unstable</literal>\"; or the codename: \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>\". This makes you live <emphasis role=\"strong\">the life of eternal upgrades</emphasis>." msgstr "Cela ne demande rien d'autre que de définir la chaîne de la distribution dans « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » avec le nom de suite « <literal>testing</literal> » ou « <literal>unstable</literal> », ou le nom de code « <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> » ou « <literal>&codename-unstable;</literal> ». Ceci vous permettra de vivre <emphasis role=\"strong\">la vie des mises à jour éternelles</emphasis>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5327 msgid "The use of <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> is <emphasis role=\"strong\">a lot of fun</emphasis> but comes with some risks. Even though the <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system looks very stable for most of the times, there have been some package problems on the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> suite of Debian system and a few of them were not so trivial to resolve. It may be <emphasis role=\"strong\">quite painful</emphasis> for you. Sometimes, you may have a broken package or missing functionality for a few weeks." msgstr "Il y a <emphasis role=\"strong\">beaucoup de plaisir </emphasis> à prendre en utilisant <literal>testing</literal> ou <literal>unstable</literal> mais aussi quelques risques. Même si la version <literal>unstable</literal> du système Debian semble très stable la plupart du temps, il y a eu certains problèmes de paquets sur les versions <literal>testing</literal> et <literal>unstable</literal> et certains d'entre-eux n'ont pas été aisé à résoudre. Ce peut être <emphasis role=\"strong\">assez douloureux</emphasis> pour vous. Quelquefois, vous pouvez avoir un paquet cassé ou une fonctionnalité manquante pendant quelques semaines." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5328 msgid "Here are some ideas to ensure quick and easy recovery from bugs in Debian packages." msgstr "Voici quelques idées pour vous assurer une récupération rapide et facile lors de bogues dans les paquets Debian :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5332 msgid "Make the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">dual bootable</emphasis> by installing the <literal>stable</literal> suite of Debian system to another partition" msgstr "faites un système avec un <emphasis role=\"strong\">double démarrage</emphasis> en installant la suite <literal>stable</literal> du système Debian sur une autre partition ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5337 msgid "Make the installation CD handy for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">rescue boot</emphasis>" msgstr "tenez à disposition le CD d'installation pour un <emphasis role=\"strong\">démarrage de secours</emphasis> ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5342 msgid "Consider installing <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> to check the <ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS)</ulink> information before the upgrade" msgstr "pensez à installer <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> afin de vérifier les informations du <ulink url=\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Système Debian de suivi des bogues (BTS)</ulink> avant de faire une mise à jour ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5347 msgid "Learn the package system infrastructure enough to work around the problem" msgstr "apprenez suffisamment l’infrastructure du système de paquets pour contourner le problème ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5352 msgid "Create a chroot or similar environment and run the latest system in it in advance (see <xref linkend=\"_virtualized_system\"/>)" msgstr "Créez un environnement isolé (« chroot ») ou similaire et faites-y tourner à l’avance la dernière version du système (voir <xref linkend=\"_virtualized_system\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5356 msgid "(If you can not do any one of these precautionary actions, you are probably not ready for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> suites.)" msgstr "(si vous ne savez pas faire l’une quelconque de ces actions de précaution, vous n'êtes probablement pas prêt pour les versions <literal>testing</literal> et <literal>unstable</literal>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5357 msgid "<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">Enlightenment</ulink> with the following saves a person from the eternal <ulink url=\"&karmic;\">karmic</ulink> struggle of upgrade <ulink url=\"&hell;\">hell</ulink> and let him reach Debian <ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">nirvana</ulink>." msgstr "La <ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">Lumière</ulink> provenant de ce qui suit sauvera une personne de l’éternelle lutte <ulink url=\"&karmic;\">karmique</ulink> de l’<ulink url=\"&hell;\">enfer</ulink> des mises à jour et lui permettra d'atteindre le <ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">nirvana</ulink> de Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5360 msgid "Debian archive basics" msgstr "Bases concernant l’archive Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5361 msgid "Let's look into <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> from a system user's perspective." msgstr "Jetez un œil sur l’<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">archive Debian</ulink> avec le point de vue d'un utilisateur du système." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5363 msgid "Official policy of the Debian archive is defined at <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debian Policy Manual, Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive</ulink>." msgstr "La charte officielle de l’archive Debian est définie dans la <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Charte Debian, chapitre 2 - l’archive Debian</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5365 msgid "For the typical HTTP access, the archive is specified in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following, e.g. for the current <literal>stable</literal> = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> system." msgstr "Pour un accès HTTP typique, l’archive est indiquée de la manière suivante dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> », par exemple pour le système <literal>stable</literal> = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> actuel :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5366 #, no-wrap msgid "" "deb http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n" "deb-src http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n" "\n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n" "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib" msgstr "" "deb http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n" "deb-src http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n" "\n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n" "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5371 msgid "Please note \"<literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal>\" must be replaced with appropriate mirror site URL for your location, for USA \"<literal>ftp.us.debian.org</literal>\", which can be found in <ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">the list of Debian worldwide mirror sites</ulink>. The status of these servers can be checked at <ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debian Mirror Checker site</ulink>." msgstr "Veuillez noter que « <literal>ftp.XX.debian.org</literal> » doit être remplacé par l’URL du site miroir approprié à votre lieu de résidence, « <literal>ftp.us.debian.org</literal> » pour les États-Unis (et « <literal>ftp.fr.debian.org</literal> » pour la France). On peut la trouver dans <ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">la liste mondiale des sites miroirs Debian</ulink>. L’état de ces serveurs peut être vérifié sur le <ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">site de vérification des miroirs Debian</ulink>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5372 msgid "Here, I tend to use codename \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" instead of suite name \"<literal>stable</literal>\" to avoid surprises when the next <literal>stable</literal> is released." msgstr "Ici, j'ai tendance à utiliser le nom de code « <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> » plutôt que le nom de la suite « <literal>stable</literal> » afin d'éviter des surprises lorsque la version <literal>stable</literal> suivante sera diffusée." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5373 msgid "The meaning of \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is described in <literal>sources.list</literal>(5) and key points are followings." msgstr "La signification de « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » est décrite dans <literal>sources.list</literal>(5), ses points-clés sont les suivants :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5377 msgid "The \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line defines for the binary packages." msgstr "la ligne « <literal>deb</literal> » définit les paquets binaires ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5382 msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line defines for the source packages." msgstr "la ligne « <literal>deb-src</literal> » définit les paquets sources ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5387 msgid "The 1st argument is the root URL of the Debian archive." msgstr "le premier paramètre est l’URL-racine de l’archive Debian ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5392 msgid "The 2nd argument is the distribution name: either the suite name or the codename." msgstr "le deuxième paramètre est le nom de la distribution : soit le nom de la suite, soit son nom de code ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5397 msgid "The 3rd and following arguments are the list of valid archive area names of the Debian archive." msgstr "le troisième paramètre et les suivants sont la liste des noms de zones d'archives valables dans l’archive Debian." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5401 msgid "The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" lines can safely be omitted (or commented out by placing \"#\" at the start of the line) if it is just for <literal>aptitude</literal> which does not access source related meta data. It speeds up the updates of the archive meta data. The URL can be \"<literal>http://</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp://</literal>\", \"<literal>file://</literal>\", …." msgstr "Les lignes <literal>deb-src</literal> peuvent être omises sans risque (ou mises en commentaire en mettant un « # » au début de la ligne) si ce n'est qu'<literal>aptitude</literal> ne pourra pas avoir accès aux méta-données liées aux sources. Ceci accélérera les mises à jour des méta-données de l’archive. L’URL peut-être « <literal>http://</literal> », « <literal>ftp://</literal> », « <literal>file://</literal> », ..." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5403 msgid "If \"<literal>sid</literal>\" is used in the above example instead of \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\", the \"<literal>deb: <ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink> …</literal>\" line for security updates in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is not required. This is because there is no security update archive for \"<literal>sid</literal>\" (<literal>unstable</literal>)." msgstr "Si « <literal>sid</literal> » est utilisé dans l’exemple ci-dessus plutôt que « <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> », il n’est pas obligatoire d'avoir la ligne « <literal>deb:<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink> …</literal> » pour les mises à jour de sécurité dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » parce qu’il n'y a pas de mises à jour de sécurité pour « <literal>sid</literal> » (<literal>unstable</literal>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5405 msgid "Here is the list of URL of the Debian archive sites and suite name or codename used in the configuration file." msgstr "Voici la liste des URL des sites d'archives de Debian et les noms de suite ou les noms de code utilisés dans le fichier de configuration :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5407 msgid "List of Debian archive sites" msgstr "Liste des sites d'archive de Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5415 msgid "archive URL" msgstr "URL de l’archive" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5418 msgid "suite name (codename)" msgstr "nom de la suite (nom de code)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5421 msgid "purpose" msgstr "but" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5428 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5438 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5448 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5458 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5469 msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpftpxxdebianorgdebian;\">http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5430 msgid "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)" msgstr "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5433 msgid "stable (&codename-stable;) release" msgstr "édition stable (&codename-stable;)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5440 msgid "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)" msgstr "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5443 msgid "testing (&codename-testing;) release" msgstr "édition testing (&codename-testing;)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5450 msgid "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)" msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5453 msgid "unstable (&codename-unstable;) release" msgstr "édition unstable (&codename-unstable;)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5461 msgid "<literal>experimental</literal>" msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5464 msgid "experimental pre-release (optional, only for developer)" msgstr "pré-version expérimental (optionnelle, uniquement pour les développeurs)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5472 msgid "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>" msgstr "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5475 msgid "Updates for the next stable point release (optional)" msgstr "mises à jour pour la prochaine version de stable (optionnel)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5480 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5491 msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5483 msgid "<literal>stable/updates</literal>" msgstr "<literal>stable/updates</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5486 msgid "security updates for stable release (important)" msgstr "mises à jour de sécurité pour la version stable (important)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5494 msgid "<literal>testing/updates</literal>" msgstr "<literal>testing/updates</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5497 msgid "security updates for testing release (important)" msgstr "mises à jour de sécurité pour la version testing (important)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5502 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5513 msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile;\">http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpvolatiledebirgdebianvolatile;\">http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5505 msgid "<literal>volatile</literal>" msgstr "<literal>volatile</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5508 msgid "compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc." msgstr "mises à jour compatibles pour le filtrage de spam, les clients de messagerie instantanée, etc." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5516 msgid "<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>" msgstr "<literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5519 msgid "non-compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc." msgstr "mises à jour non compatibles pour le filtrage de spam, les clients de messagerie instantanée, etc." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5524 msgid "<ulink url=\"&httpbackportsdebgdebianbackports;\">http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/</ulink>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"&httpbackportsdebgdebianbackports;\">http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5527 msgid "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>" msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5530 msgid "newer backported packages for &codename-stable; (official, optional)" msgstr "paquets plus récents rétroportés pour &codename-stable; (officiel, optionnel)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5537 msgid "Only pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release for library version mismatch etc. If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&httpbackportsdebianorg;\">http://backports.debian.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports\"/>) services. These services must be used with extra care." msgstr "Seule la version <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> pure avec les mises à jour de sécurité présente la meilleure stabilité. Faire tourner une version principalement <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> mélangée à quelques paquets venant des versions <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> ou <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> est plus risqué que d'utiliser une version <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> pure parce que des versions de bibliothèques peuvent ne pas correspondre, etc. Si vous avez réellement besoin de la dernière version de certains programme sous la version <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis>, utilisez alors les paquets venant du <ulink url=\"&thedebianvolatileproject;\">projet debian-volatile</ulink> et des services <ulink url=\"&backportsdebianorg;\">backports.debian.org</ulink> (voir <xref linkend=\"_volatile_and_backports\"/>). Ces services doivent être utilisés avec des précautions supplémentaires." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5540 msgid "You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line. If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective. Multiple listing makes sense for these when the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)." msgstr "De base, vous ne devriez avoir qu'une seule des suites <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal> ou <literal>unstable</literal> sur la ligne « <literal>deb</literal> ». Si vous avez une combinaison des suites <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal> et <literal>unstable</literal> sur la ligne « <literal>deb</literal> », les programmes APT vont être ralentis bien que seule la dernière archive soit utilisée. Des mentions multiples ont un intérêt lorsqu'on utilise le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> » avec des objectifs clairs (voir <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5543 msgid "For the Debian system with the <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> suites, it is a good idea to include lines with \"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to enable security updates as in the example above." msgstr "Pour les systèmes Debian ayant les versions <literal>stable</literal> et <literal>testing</literal>, c'est une bonne idée d'inclure les lignes ayant « <literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal> » dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » afin d'activer les mises à jour de sécurité comme dans l’exemple ci-dessus." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5546 msgid "The security bugs for the <literal>stable</literal> archive are fixed by the Debian security team. This activity has been quite rigorous and reliable. Those for the <literal>testing</literal> archive may be fixed by the Debian testing security team. For <ulink url=\"&several;\">several</ulink> <ulink url=\"&reasons;\">reasons</ulink>, this activity is not as rigorous as that for <literal>stable</literal> and you may need to wait for the migration of fixed <literal>unstable</literal> packages. Those for the <literal>unstable</literal> archive are fixed by the individual maintainer. Actively maintained <literal>unstable</literal> packages are usually in a fairly good shape by leveraging latest upstream security fixes. See <ulink url=\"&debiansecurityfaq;\">Debian security FAQ</ulink> for how Debian handles security bugs." msgstr "Les bogues de sécurité de l’archive <literal>stable</literal> sont corrigés par l’équipe de sécurité de Debian. Cette activité a été assez rigoureuse et fiable. Ceux de l’archive <literal>testing</literal> peuvent être corrigés par l’équipe de sécurité de Debian. Pour <ulink url=\"&several;\">diverses</ulink> <ulink url=\"&reasons;\">raisons</ulink>, cette activité n’est pas aussi rigoureuse que pour <literal>stable</literal> et vous pouvez avoir à attendre la migration de paquets corrigés de <literal>unstable</literal>. Ceux de l’archive <literal>unstable</literal> sont corrigés par les responsables individuels. Les paquets de <literal>unstable</literal> maintenu de manière active sont habituellement maintenu dans un assez bon état par mise à niveau avec les dernières corrections de sécurité des développeurs amonts. Voir <ulink url=\"&debiansecurityfaq;\">FAQ de sécurité de Debian</ulink> concernant la manière dont Debian gère les bogues de sécurité." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5549 msgid "List of Debian archive area" msgstr "Liste des zones d'archive de Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5557 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14137 msgid "area" msgstr "zone" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5560 msgid "number of packages" msgstr "nombre de paquets" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5563 msgid "criteria of package component" msgstr "critères de composant du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5570 msgid "<literal>main</literal>" msgstr "<literal>main</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5573 msgid "&main-packages;" msgstr "&main-packages;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5576 msgid "DSFG compliant and no dependency to <literal>non-free</literal>" msgstr "conforme à DSFG sans dépendance vers <literal>non-free</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5581 msgid "<literal>contrib</literal>" msgstr "<literal>contrib</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5584 msgid "&contrib-packages;" msgstr "&contrib-packages;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5587 msgid "DSFG compliant but having dependency to <literal>non-free</literal>" msgstr "conforme à DSFG mais avec des dépendances vers <literal>non-free</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5592 msgid "<literal>non-free</literal>" msgstr "<literal>non-free</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5595 msgid "&non-free-packages;" msgstr "&non-free-packages;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5598 msgid "not DSFG compliant" msgstr "non conforme à DSFG" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5604 msgid "Here the number of packages in the above is for the &arch; architecture. Strictly speaking, only the <literal>main</literal> area archive shall be considered as the Debian system." msgstr "Ici, le nombre de paquets est celui de l’architecture &arch;. Strictement parlant, seule la zone <literal>main</literal> de l’archive peut être considérée comme le système Debian." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5605 msgid "The Debian archive organization can be studied best by pointing your browser to the each archive URL appended with <literal>dists</literal> or <literal>pool</literal>." msgstr "La meilleure manière d'étudier l’organisation de l’archive Debian est de pointer votre navigateur vers chacune des URL des archives en y ajoutant <literal>dists</literal> ou <literal>pool</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5606 msgid "The distribution is referred by two ways, the suite or <ulink url=\"&codename;\">codename</ulink>. The word distribution is alternatively used as the synonym to the suite in many documentations. The relationship between the suite and the codename can be summarized as the following." msgstr "On se réfère à la distribution de deux manières, la version ou le <ulink url=\"&codename;\">nom de code</ulink>. Le mot « distribution » est aussi utilisé comme synonyme de version dans de nombreuses documentations. La relation entre la version et le nom de code peut être résumée comme suit :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5608 msgid "The relationship between suite and codename" msgstr "Relation entre version et nom de code" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5617 msgid "Timing" msgstr "calendrier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5620 msgid "suite = <literal>stable</literal>" msgstr "version = <literal>stable</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5623 msgid "suite = <literal>testing</literal>" msgstr "version = <literal>testing</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5626 msgid "suite = <literal>unstable</literal>" msgstr "version = <literal>unstable</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5633 msgid "after the <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> release" msgstr "après la diffusion de <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5636 msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>" msgstr "nom de code = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5639 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5650 msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>" msgstr "nom de code = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5642 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5656 msgid "codename = <literal>sid</literal>" msgstr "nom de code = <literal>sid</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5647 msgid "after the <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> release" msgstr "après la diffusion de <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5653 msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>" msgstr "nom de code = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5662 msgid "The history of codenames are described in <ulink url=\"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.3.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>" msgstr "L’histoire des noms de code a été décrite dans la <ulink url= \"&debianfaqgdbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">FAQ Debian : 6.3.1 Quels noms de code ont déjà été utilisés ?</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5663 msgid "In the stricter Debian archive terminology, the word \"section\" is specifically used for the categorization of packages by the application area. (Although, the word \"main section\" may sometimes be used to describe the Debian archive area named as \"main\".)" msgstr "Dans la terminologie la plus stricte de l’archive Debian, le mot « section » est spécifiquement utilisé pour la catégorisation des paquets par zone d'application. (Cependant l’expression « section principale » peut parfois être utilisée pour décrire la zone de l’archive Debian qui fournit la zone « main »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5664 msgid "Every time a new upload is done by the Debian developer (DD) to the <literal>unstable</literal> archive (via <ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink> processing), DD is required to ensure uploaded packages to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the latest <literal>unstable</literal> archive." msgstr "Chaque fois qu'un nouveau chargement est fait par un développeur Debian (DD) vers l’archive <literal>unstable</literal> (par l’intermédiaire du traitement d'<ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink>), le DD doit s'assurer que les paquets chargés sont compatibles avec le dernier ensemble de paquets de l’archive <literal>unstable</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5665 msgid "If DD breaks this compatibility intentionally for important library upgrade etc, there is usually announcement to <ulink url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">the debian-devel mailing list</ulink> etc." msgstr "Si le DD casse intentionnellement cette compatibilité en raison de la mise à jour d'une bibliothèque importante, etc., il y a habituellement une annonce sur la <ulink url=\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">liste de diffusion debian-devel</ulink>, etc." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5666 msgid "Before a set of packages are moved by the Debian archive maintenance script from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive to the <literal>testing</literal> archive, the archive maintenance script not only checks the maturity (about 10 days old) and the status of the RC bug reports for the packages but also tries to ensure them to be compatible with the latest set of packages in the <literal>testing</literal> archive. This process makes the <literal>testing</literal> archive very current and usable." msgstr "Avant qu'un ensemble de paquets ne soit déplacé par le script de maintenance de l’archive Debian depuis l’archive <literal>unstable</literal> vers l’archive <literal>testing</literal>, le script de maintenance de l’archive ne se contente pas vérifier sa maturité (environ 10 jours) et l’état des rapports de bogues pour ces paquets mais essaie aussi de s'assurer qu'ils sont compatibles avec le dernier ensemble des paquets de l’archive <literal>testing</literal>. Ce processus rend l’archive <literal>testing </literal> très actuelle et utilisable." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5667 msgid "Through the gradual archive freeze process led by the release team, the <literal>testing</literal> archive is matured to make it completely consistent and bug free with some manual interventions. Then the new <literal>stable</literal> release is created by assigning the codename for the old <literal>testing</literal> archive to the new <literal>stable</literal> archive and creating the new codename for the new <literal>testing</literal> archive. The initial contents of the new <literal>testing</literal> archive is exactly the same as that of the newly released <literal>stable</literal> archive." msgstr "Par le processus de gel progressif de l’archive dirigé par l’équipe de diffusion (« release team »), l’archive <literal>testing</literal> est mûrie afin de la rendre entièrement cohérente et sans bogue avec quelques interventions manuelles. Ensuite, la nouvelle version <literal>stable</literal> est créée en assignant le nom de code de l’ancienne archive <literal>testing</literal> à la nouvelle archive <literal>stable</literal> et en créant un nouveau nom de code pour la nouvelle archive <literal>testing</literal>. Le contenu initial de la nouvelle archive <literal>testing</literal> est exactement le même que celui de l’archive <literal>stable</literal> qui vient d'être diffusée." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5668 msgid "Both the <literal>unstable</literal> and the <literal>testing</literal> archives may suffer temporary glitches due to several factors." msgstr "Les archives <literal>unstable</literal> et <literal>testing</literal> peuvent toutes les deux souffrir temporairement de problèmes en raison de divers facteurs :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5672 msgid "Broken package upload to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>)" msgstr "chargement vers l’archive cassé (la plupart du temps, ceci concerne <literal>unstable</literal>) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5677 msgid "Delay of accepting the new packages to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>)" msgstr "délai pour accepter un nouveau paquet dans l’archive (la plupart du temps, ceci concerne <literal>unstable</literal>) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5682 msgid "Archive synchronization timing issue (both for <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal>)" msgstr "problème de temps de synchronisation de l’archive (à la fois pour <literal>testing</literal> et <literal>unstable</literal>) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5687 msgid "Manual intervention to the archive such as package removal (more for <literal>testing</literal>) etc." msgstr "intervention manuelle sur l’archive comme la suppression d'un paquet (davantage pour <literal>testing</literal>), etc." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5691 msgid "So if you ever decide to use these archives, you should be able to fix or work around these kinds of glitches." msgstr "Si vous décidez donc d'utiliser ces archives, vous devriez être capable de corriger ou de contourner ces types de problèmes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5693 msgid "For about few months after a new <literal>stable</literal> release, most desktop users should use the <literal>stable</literal> archive with its security updates even if they usually use <literal>unstable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> archives. For this transition period, both <literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives are not good for most people. Your system is difficult to keep in good working condition with the <literal>unstable</literal> archive since it suffers surges of major upgrades for core packages. The <literal>testing</literal> archive is not useful either since it contains mostly the same content as the <literal>stable</literal> archive without its security support (<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce 2008-12</ulink>). After a month or so, the <literal>unstable</literal> archive may be usable if you are careful." msgstr "Pendant les quelques mois qui suivent la diffusion d'une nouvelle version <literal>stable</literal>, la plupart des utilisateur de machines de bureau devraient utiliser l’archive <literal>stable</literal> avec ses mises à jour de sécurité même s'ils utilisent habituellement les archives <literal>unstable</literal> ou <literal>testing</literal>. Pendant cette période de transition, les archives <literal>unstable</literal> et <literal>testing</literal> ne sont pas bonnes pour la plupart des gens. Votre système sera difficile à conserver dans un bon état de fonctionnement avec l’archive <literal>unstable</literal> car elle souffre de pics d'importantes mises à jour de paquets fondamentaux. L’archive <literal>testing</literal> n'est pas utile non plus car elle a sensiblement le même contenu que l’archive <literal>stable</literal> sans la prise en compte de la sécurité (<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce 2008-12</ulink>). Après environ un mois, l’archive <literal>unstable</literal> peut être utilisée avec précautions." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5696 msgid "When tracking the <literal>testing</literal> archive, problem caused by a removed package is usually worked around by installing corresponding package from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive which is uploaded for bug fix." msgstr "Lors du suivi de l’archive <literal>testing</literal>, un problème causé par la suppression d'un paquet est habituellement contourné en installant le paquet correspondant de l’archive <literal>unstable</literal> qui est chargé pour la correction du bogue." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5698 msgid "See <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> for archive definitions." msgstr "Voir la <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Charte Debian</ulink> pour la définition des archives." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5702 msgid "\"<ulink url=\"§ions;\">Sections</ulink>\"" msgstr "« <ulink url=\"§ions;\">Sections</ulink> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5707 msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">Priorities</ulink>\"" msgstr "« <ulink url=\"&priorities;\">Priorités</ulink> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5712 msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">Base system</ulink>\"" msgstr "« <ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">Système de base</ulink> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5717 msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">Essential packages</ulink>\"" msgstr "« <ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">Paquets essentiels</ulink> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5723 msgid "Package dependencies" msgstr "Dépendances des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5724 msgid "The Debian system offers a consistent set of binary packages through its versioned binary dependency declaration mechanism in the control file fields. Here is a bit over simplified definition for them." msgstr "Le système Debian offre un ensemble cohérent de paquets binaires par l’intermédiaire de son mécanisme de déclaration de dépendances binaires versionnées dans les champs du fichier « control ». En voici une définition un peu simplifiée :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5728 msgid "\"Depends\"" msgstr "« Depends »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5733 msgid "This declares an absolute dependency and all of the packages listed in this field must be installed at the same time or in advance." msgstr "Ceci déclare une dépendance absolue du paquet et tous les paquets listés dans ce champ doivent être installés en même temps ou à l’avance." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5740 msgid "\"Pre-Depends\"" msgstr "« Pre-Depends »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5745 msgid "This is like Depends, except that it requires completed installation of the listed packages in advance." msgstr "Comme pour « Depends » excepté que ceci demande une installation complète et à l’avance des paquets cités." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5752 msgid "\"Recommends\"" msgstr "« Recommends »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5757 msgid "This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency. Most users would not want the package unless all of the packages listed in this field are installed." msgstr "Ceci déclare une dépendance forte mais non absolue. La plupart des utilisateurs n'installeront pas le paquet si tous les paquets cités dans ce champs ne sont pas installés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5764 msgid "\"Suggests\"" msgstr "« Suggests »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5769 msgid "This declares a weak dependency. Many users of this package may benefit from installing packages listed in this field but can have reasonable functions without them." msgstr "Ceci déclare une dépendance lâche. De nombreux utilisateurs de ce paquet pourront tirer profit de l’installation des paquets cités dans ce champs mais auront cependant des fonctionnalités acceptables sans eux." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5776 msgid "\"Enhances\"" msgstr "« Enhances »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5781 msgid "This declares a week dependency like Suggests but works in the opposite direction." msgstr "Ceci déclare une dépendance lâche comme « Suggests » mais fonctionne à l’inverse." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5788 msgid "\"Breaks\"" msgstr "« Casse »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5793 msgid "This declares a package incompatibility usually with some version specification. Generally the resolution is to upgrade all of the packages listed in this field." msgstr "Ceci déclare une incompatibilité de paquet avec habituellement une indication de version. La solution est en général de mettre à jour tous les paquets indiqués dans ce champ." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5800 msgid "\"Conflicts\"" msgstr "« Conflicts »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5805 msgid "This declares an absolute incompatibility. All of the packages listed in this field must be removed to install this package." msgstr "Ceci déclare une incompatibilité absolue. Tous les paquets cités dans ce champs doivent être supprimés pour installer ce paquet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5812 msgid "\"Replaces\"" msgstr "« Replaces »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5817 msgid "This is declared when files installed by this package replace files in the listed packages." msgstr "Ceci est déclaré lorsque les fichiers installés par ce paquet remplacent des fichiers des paquets cités." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5824 msgid "\"Provides\"" msgstr "« Provides »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5829 msgid "This is declared when this package provide all of the files and functionality in the listed packages." msgstr "Ceci est déclaré lorsque ce paquet fournit tous les fichiers et les fonctionnalités des paquets cités." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5836 msgid "Please note that defining, \"Provides\", \"Conflicts\" and \"Replaces\" simultaneously to an virtual package is the sane configuration. This ensures that only one real package providing this virtual package can be installed at any one time." msgstr "Remarquez que définir simultanément « Provides », « Conflicts » and « Replaces » pour un paquet virtuel est une configuration saine. Ceci permet de s'assurer que ne puisse être installé à un moment donné installer qu'un seul paquet réel fournissant ce paquet virtuel." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5838 msgid "The official definition including source dependency can be found in <ulink url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>." msgstr "La définition officielle, y-compris les dépendances de sources, se trouve dans la <ulink url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">Charte Debian ; Chapitre 7 - Déclaration des dépendances entre paquets</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5841 msgid "The event flow of the package management" msgstr "Flux des événements dans la gestion d'un paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5842 msgid "Here is a summary of the simplified event flow of the package management by APT." msgstr "Voici un résumé du flux simplifié des événements de la gestion d'un paquet par APT." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5845 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Update</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Mettre à jour (« update »)</emphasis> (« <literal>aptitude update</literal> » ou « <literal>apt-get update</literal> ») :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5850 msgid "Fetch archive metadata from remote archive" msgstr "Rechercher les méta-données d'une archive depuis l’archive distante" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5855 msgid "Reconstruct and update local metadata for use by APT" msgstr "Reconstruire et mettre à jour les méta-données locales pour qu'elles puissent être utilisées par APT" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5861 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Upgrade</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\", or \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"):" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Mettre à niveau (« upgrade »)</emphasis> (« <literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal> » et « <literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal> » ou « <literal>apt-get upgrade</literal> » et « <literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal> ») :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5866 msgid "Chose candidate version which is usually the latest available version for all installed packages (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> for exception)" msgstr "Choisir la version candidate, qui est habituellement la dernière version disponible, pour tous les paquets installés (voir <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> pour les exceptions)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5871 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5912 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5953 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5984 msgid "Make package dependency resolution" msgstr "Effectuer la résolution des dépendances du paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5876 msgid "Fetch selected binary packages from remote archive if candidate version is different from installed version" msgstr "Rechercher le paquet binaire sélectionné depuis l’archive distante si la version candidate est différente de la version installée" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5881 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5922 msgid "Unpack fetched binary packages" msgstr "Dépaqueter les paquets binaires ayant été téléchargés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5886 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5927 msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis> script" msgstr "Lancer le script <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5891 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5932 msgid "Install binary files" msgstr "Installer les fichiers binaires" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5896 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5937 msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis> script" msgstr "Lancer le script <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5902 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Install</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get install …</literal>\"):" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Installer</emphasis> (« <literal>aptitude install …</literal> » ou « <literal>apt-get install …</literal> ») :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5907 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5948 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5979 msgid "Chose packages listed on the command line" msgstr "Choisir les paquets indiqués sur la ligne de commandes" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5917 msgid "Fetch selected binary packages from remote archive" msgstr "Récupérer les paquets binaires sélectionnés depuis l’archive distante" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5943 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Remove</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get remove …</literal>\"):" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Supprimer</emphasis> (« <literal>aptitude remove …</literal> » ou « <literal>apt-get remove …</literal> ») :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5958 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5989 msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis> script" msgstr "Lancer le script <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5963 msgid "Remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">except</emphasis> configuration files" msgstr "Supprimer les fichiers installés <emphasis role=\"strong\">à l’exception</emphasis> des fichiers de configuration" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5968 debian-reference.en.xmlt:5999 msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis> script" msgstr "Lancer le script <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5974 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Purge</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get purge …</literal>\"):" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Purger</emphasis> (« <literal>aptitude purge …</literal> » ou « <literal>apt-get purge …</literal> ») :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:5994 msgid "Remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">including</emphasis> configuration files" msgstr "Supprimer les fichiers installés <emphasis role=\"strong\">y-compris</emphasis> leurs fichiers de configuration" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6005 msgid "Here, I intentionally skipped technical details for the sake of big picture." msgstr "J'ai ici intentionnellement sauté des détails techniques dans le souci d’avoir un vue d'ensemble." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6008 msgid "First response to package management troubles" msgstr "Première réponse aux problèmes de gestion de paquets" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6009 msgid "You should read the fine official documentation. The first document to read is the Debian specific \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/<package_name>/README.Debian</literal>\". Other documentation in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/<package_name>/</literal>\" should be consulted too. If you set shell as <xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>, type the following." msgstr "Vous devriez lire l’excellente documentation officielle. Le premier document à lire est « <literal>/usr/share/doc/<nom_paquet>/README.Debian</literal> » qui est spécifique à Debian. Les autres documents dans « <literal>/usr/share/doc/<nom_paquet>/</literal> » devraient aussi être consultés. Si vous avez configuré l’interpréteur de commande comme dans <xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>, entrez ce qui suit :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6010 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ cd <package_name>\n" "$ pager README.Debian\n" "$ mc" msgstr "" "$ cd <nom_paquet>\n" "$ pager README.Debian\n" "$ mc" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6013 msgid "You may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" suffix for detailed information." msgstr "Vous aurez besoin d'installer le paquet de documentation correspondant au paquet dont le nom possède le suffixe « <literal>-doc</literal> » pour des informations détaillées." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6014 msgid "If you are experiencing problems with a specific package, make sure to check out <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug tracking system (BTS)</ulink> sites, first." msgstr "Si vous rencontrez des problèmes avec un paquet particulier, faites d'abord une recherche sur le site du <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">système de suivi des bogues Debian (BTS)</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6016 msgid "List of key web site to resolving problems with a specific package" msgstr "Liste de sites web clés pour résoudre les problèmes avec un paquet particulier" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6023 msgid "web site" msgstr "site web" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6033 msgid "Home page of <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug tracking system (BTS)</ulink>" msgstr "Page d'accueil du <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">système de suivi des bogues Debian (BTS)</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6036 msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>" msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser « http://bugs.debian.org/ »</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6041 msgid "The bug report of a known package name" msgstr "Signalement de bogue d'un nom de paquet connu" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6044 msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/<package_name>\"</literal>" msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser « http://bugs.debian.org/<package_name> »</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6049 msgid "The bug report of known bug number" msgstr "Rapport de bogue concernant un numéro de bogue connu" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6052 msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/<bug_number>\"</literal>" msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser « http://bugs.debian.org/<bug_number> »</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6058 msgid "Search <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> with search words including \"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\", etc." msgstr "Rechercher sur <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> avec des mots de recherche comprenant « <literal>site:debian.org</literal> », « <literal>site:wiki.debian.org</literal> », « <literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal> », etc." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6059 msgid "When you file a bug report, please use <literal>reportbug</literal>(1) command." msgstr "Pour déposer un signalement de bogue, veuillez utiliser la commande <literal>reportbug</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6063 msgid "Basic package management operations" msgstr "Opérations de base de la gestion des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6064 msgid "Basic package management operations on the Debian system can be performed by any package management tools available on the Debian system. Here, we explain basic package management tools: <literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> and <literal>aptitude</literal>." msgstr "Les opérations de base de gestion des paquets avec le système Debian peuvent être réalisées à l’aide d’un quelconque des outils de gestion des paquets disponibles avec le système Debian. Nous décrirons ici les outils de base de gestion des paquets : <literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> et <literal>aptitude</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6065 msgid "For the package management operation which involves package installation or updates package metadata, you need to have root privilege." msgstr "Pour les opération de gestion des paquets qui concernent l’installation des paquets ou les mises à jour des méta-données des paquets, vous aurez besoin des privilèges de l’administrateur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6067 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> vs. <literal>aptitude</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> comparés à <literal>aptitude</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6068 msgid "The <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> commands are the most <emphasis role=\"strong\">basic</emphasis> package management tool." msgstr "Les commandes <literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>apt-cache</literal> sont les outils les plus <emphasis role=\"strong\">basiques</emphasis> de gestion des paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6071 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> offer only the commandline user interface." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>apt-cache</literal> n’offre qu’une interface utilisateur en ligne de commandes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6075 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> is most suitable for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">major system upgrade</emphasis> between releases, etc." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> est le mieux adapté pour les <emphasis role=\"strong\">mises à jour majeures du système</emphasis> entre les diffusions, etc." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6079 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> offers a <emphasis role=\"strong\">robust and stable</emphasis> package resolver which uses the common package state data." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> offre un système de résolution des paquets <emphasis role=\"strong\">robuste et stable</emphasis> qui utilise les données habituelles d’états des paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6083 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> has been updated to support autoinstall and autoremove of recommended packages." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> a été mis à jour afin de prendre en charge l’installation automatique et la suppression automatique des paquets recommandés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6087 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> has been updated to support logging of package activities." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> a été mis à jour afin de prendre en charge la tenue d’un journal de l’activité des paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6091 msgid "<literal>apt-cache</literal> offers a <emphasis role=\"strong\">standard</emphasis> regex based search on the package name and description." msgstr "<literal>apt-cache</literal> offre une recherche basée sur des expressions rationnelles <emphasis role=\"strong\">standard</emphasis> sur les noms et les descriptions des paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6095 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> can manage multiple versions of packages using <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> but it is quite cumbersome." msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>apt-cache</literal> peuvent gérer des versions multiples des paquets en utilisant <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> mais est assez lourd." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6099 msgid "The <literal>aptitude</literal> command is the most <emphasis role=\"strong\">versatile</emphasis> package management tool." msgstr "La commande <literal>aptitude</literal> est l’outil de gestion des paquets le plus <emphasis role=\"strong\">flexible</emphasis>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6102 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers the fullscreen interactive text user interface." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> offre une interface utilisateur interactive en plein écran en mode texte." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6106 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers the commandline user interface, too." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> offre aussi une interface utilisateur en ligne de commandes." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6110 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> is most suitable for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">daily interactive package management</emphasis> such as inspecting installed packages and searching available packages." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> est le mieux adapté pour la <emphasis role=\"strong\">gestion interactive journalière des paquets</emphasis> comme, par exemple, la vérification des paquets installés et la recherche de paquets disponibles." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6114 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers an <emphasis role=\"strong\">enhanced</emphasis> package resolver which also uses an extra package state data used only by <literal>aptitude</literal>." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> offre un solveur <emphasis role=\"strong\">avancé</emphasis> de paquets qui utilise aussi des données d’état supplémentaires des paquets qui ne sont utilisées que par <literal>aptitude</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6118 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> supports autoinstall and autoremove of recommended packages." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> prend en charge l’installation automatique et la suppression automatique des paquets recommandés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6122 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> supports logging of package activities." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> prend en charge la tenue d’un journal de l’activité des paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6126 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers an <emphasis role=\"strong\">enhanced</emphasis> regex based search on all of the package metadata." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> offre une recherche <emphasis role=\"strong\">avancée</emphasis> basées sur des expression rationnelles pour la recherche sur toutes les méta-données des paquets." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6130 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> can manage multiple versions of packages without using <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> and it is quite intuitive." msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> peut gérer des versions multiples des paquets sans utiliser <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> et est assez intuitif." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6135 msgid "Although the <literal>aptitude</literal> command comes with rich features such as its enhanced package resolver, this complexity has caused (or may still causes) some regressions such as <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">Bug #411123</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug #514930</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&bugfhadhh;\">Bug #570377</ulink>. In case of doubt, please use the <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> commands over the <literal>aptitude</literal> command." msgstr "Bien que la commande <literal>aptitude</literal> soit disponible avec de riches fonctionnalités comme son solveur de paquets avancé, cette complexité a causé (et peut encore causer) certaines régressions comme le <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">bogue #411123</ulink>, le <ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">bogue #514930</ulink> et le <ulink url=\"&bugfhadhh;\">bogue #570377</ulink>. En cas de doute, veuillez utiliser les commandes <literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>apt-cache</literal> plutôt que la commande <literal>aptitude</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6139 msgid "Basic package management operations with the commandline" msgstr "Opérations de base de gestion des paquets en ligne de commandes" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6140 msgid "Here are basic package management operations with the commandline using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) /<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)." msgstr "Voici les opérations de base de gestion des paquets en ligne de commandes en utilisant <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) et <literal>apt-cache</literal>(8) :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6142 msgid "Basic package management operations with the commandline using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) /<literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)" msgstr "Opérations de base de gestion des paquets avec la ligne de commandes en utilisant <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), <literal>apt-get</literal>(8) et <literal>apt-cache</literal>(8)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6149 msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> syntax" msgstr "syntaxe d'<literal>aptitude</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6151 msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> syntax" msgstr "syntaxe d'<literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>apt-cache</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6161 msgid "<literal>aptitude update</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude update</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6164 msgid "<literal>apt-get update</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get update</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6167 msgid "update package archive metadata" msgstr "mettre à jour les méta-données de l’archive du paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6172 msgid "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude install toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6175 msgid "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get install toto</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6178 msgid "install candidate version of \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its dependencies" msgstr "installer la version candidate du paquet « <literal>toto</literal> » ainsi que ses dépendances" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6183 msgid "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6186 msgid "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6189 msgid "install candidate version of installed packages without removing any other packages" msgstr "installer les versions candidates des paquets installés sans supprimer aucun autre paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6194 msgid "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6197 msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade <package></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade <paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6200 msgid "install candidate version of installed packages while removing other packages if needed" msgstr "installer les versions candidates des paquets installés en supprimant d'autres paquets si nécessaire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6205 msgid "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude remove toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6208 msgid "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get remove toto</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6211 msgid "remove \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package while leaving its configuration files" msgstr "supprimer le paquet « <literal>toto</literal> » en laissant ses fichiers de configuration" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6216 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6285 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6296 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14880 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17320 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17323 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17530 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17533 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17536 debian-reference.en.xmlt:17546 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:17549 debian-reference.en.xmlt:21655 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:21658 debian-reference.en.xmlt:24342 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:26171 debian-reference.en.xmlt:26182 msgid "N/A" msgstr "N/A" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6219 msgid "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6222 msgid "remove auto-installed packages which is no longer required" msgstr "supprimer les paquets installés automatiquement lorsqu'ils ne sont plus nécessaires" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6227 msgid "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude purge toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6230 msgid "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get purge toto</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6233 msgid "purge \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its configuration files" msgstr "purger le paquet « <literal>toto</literal> » ainsi que ses fichiers de configuration" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6238 msgid "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6241 msgid "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6244 msgid "clear out the local repository of retrieved package files completely" msgstr "nettoyer complètement le dépôt local des fichiers de paquets récupérés " # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6249 msgid "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6252 msgid "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6255 msgid "clear out the local repository of retrieved package files for outdated packages" msgstr "nettoyer le dépôt local des fichiers des paquets périmés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6260 msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude show toto</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6263 msgid "<literal>apt-cache show <package></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-cache show <paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6266 msgid "display detailed information about \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package" msgstr "afficher des informations détaillées concernant le paquet « <literal>toto</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6271 msgid "<literal>aptitude search <regex></literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude search <expression rationnelle></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6274 msgid "<literal>apt-cache search <regex></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-cache search <expression rationnelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6277 msgid "search packages which match <regex>" msgstr "rechercher les paquets qui correspondent à l’<expression rationnelle>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6282 msgid "<literal>aptitude why <regex></literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude why <expression rationnelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6288 msgid "explain the reason why <regex> matching packages should be installed" msgstr "expliquer les raisons qui font que les paquets correspondant à l’<expression rationnelle> devront être installés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6293 msgid "<literal>aptitude why-not <regex></literal>" msgstr "<literal>aptitude why-not <expression rationnelle></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6299 msgid "explain the reason why <regex> matching packages can not be installed" msgstr "expliquer les raisons pour lesquels les paquets qui correspondent à l’<expression rationnelle> ne peuvent pas être installés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6306 msgid "Since <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>aptitude</literal> share auto-installed package status (see <xref linkend=\"_the_package_state_for_apt\"/>) after <literal>lenny</literal>, you can mix these tools without major troubles (see <ulink url=\"&bugfjeeja;\">Bug #594490</ulink>)." msgstr "Puisqu'<literal>apt-get</literal> et <literal>aptitude</literal> partagent l'état de paquet installé automatiquement (voir <xref linkend=\"_the_package_state_for_apt\"/>) après <literal>lenny</literal>, vous pouvez mélanger ces outils sans trop de problème (voir le <ulink url=\"&bugfjeeja;\">Bogue #594490</ulink>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6308 msgid "The difference between \"<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>full-upgrade</literal>\"/\"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>\" only appears when new versions of packages stand in different dependency relationships from old versions of those packages. The \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" command does not install new packages nor remove installed packages." msgstr "La différence entre « <literal>safe-upgrade</literal> »/« <literal>upgrade</literal> » et « <literal>full-upgrade</literal> »/« <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> » n'apparaît que lorsque les nouvelles versions des paquets reposent sur des relations de dépendances différentes des anciennes versions de ces paquets. La commande « <literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal> » n'installe pas de nouveau paquet et ne supprime aucun des paquets installés." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6309 msgid "The \"<literal>aptitude why <regex></literal>\" can list more information by \"<literal>aptitude -v why <regex></literal>\". Similar information can be obtained by \"<literal>apt-cache rdepends <package></literal>\"." msgstr "« <literal>aptitude why <expression-rationnelle></literal> » peut afficher plus d'informations par « <literal>aptitude -v why <expression_rationnelle></literal> ». On peut obtenir des informations similaires par « <literal>apt-cache rdepends <paquet></literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6310 msgid "When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full screen interactive mode by pressing \"<literal>e</literal>\"-key later at the prompt." msgstr "Lorsque la commande <literal>aptitude</literal> est lancée en mode ligne de commande, et rencontre des problèmes tels que des conflits de paquets, vous pouvez passez en mode plein écran en pressant ensuite la touche « <literal>e</literal> » à l’invite de commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6311 msgid "You may provide command options right after \"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"." msgstr "Vous pouvez indiquer les options de commande juste après « <literal>aptitude</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6313 msgid "Notable command options for <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)" msgstr "Options importantes de la commande <literal>aptitude</literal>(8)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6320 msgid "command option" msgstr "option de la commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6330 msgid "<literal>-s</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-s</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6333 msgid "simulate the result of the command" msgstr "simuler le résultat de la commande" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6338 msgid "<literal>-d</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-d</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6341 msgid "download only but no install/upgrade" msgstr "charger les paquets uniquement sans les installer ni les mettre à jour" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6346 msgid "<literal>-D</literal>" msgstr "<literal>-D</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6349 msgid "show brief explanations before the automatic installations and removals" msgstr "afficher une courte explication avant les installations ou les suppressions automatiques" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6355 msgid "See <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) and \"aptitude user's manual\" at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\" for more." msgstr "Voir <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) et le « manuel de l’utilisateur d'aptitude » à « <literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal> » pour en apprendre davantage." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6357 msgid "The <literal>dselect</literal> package is still available and was the preferred full screen interactive package management tool in previous releases." msgstr "Le paquet <literal>dselect</literal> est encore disponible et était l’outil de gestion des paquets en mode plein écran préféré des versions précédentes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6361 msgid "Interactive use of aptitude" msgstr "Utilisation interactive d'aptitude" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6362 msgid "For the interactive package management, you start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode from the console shell prompt as follows." msgstr "Pour une gestion interactive des paquets, lancez <literal>aptitude</literal> en mode interactif depuis l’invite de l’interpréteur de commandes à la console comme suit :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6363 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ sudo aptitude -u\n" "Password:" msgstr "" "$ sudo aptitude -u\n" "Password:" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6365 msgid "This updates the local copy of the archive information and display the package list in the full screen with menu. Aptitude places its configuration at \"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"." msgstr "Ceci va mettre à jour la copie locale des informations de l’archive et afficher la liste des paquets en plein écran avec un menu. On trouvera la configuration d'aptitude dans « <literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6367 msgid "If you want to use root's configuration instead of user's one, use \"<literal>sudo -H aptitude …</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>sudo aptitude …</literal>\" in the above expression." msgstr "Si vous désirez utiliser la configuration de l’administrateur (root) plutôt que celle de l’utilisateur, utilisez la commande « <literal>sudo -H aptitude …</literal> » en remplacement de « <literal>sudo aptitude …</literal> » dans l’expression précédente." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6370 msgid "<literal>Aptitude</literal> automatically sets <emphasis role=\"strong\">pending actions</emphasis> as it is started interactively. If you do not like it, you can reset it from menu: \"Action\" → \"Cancel pending actions\"." msgstr "<literal>Aptitude</literal> définit automatiquement les <emphasis role=\"strong\">actions en attente</emphasis> lorsqu'il est lancé de manière interactive. Si elles ne vous conviennent pas, vous pouvez le réinitialiser depuis le menu : « Action » → « Annuler les opérations en attente »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6374 msgid "Key bindings of aptitude" msgstr "Raccourcis clavier d'aptitude" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6375 msgid "Notable key strokes to browse status of packages and to set \"planned action\" on them in this full screen mode are the following." msgstr "Les raccourcis clavier principaux pour parcourir l’état des paquets et pour définir les « actions prévues » sur ces paquets dans le mode plein écran sont les suivants :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6377 msgid "List of key bindings for aptitude" msgstr "Liste des raccourcis clavier d'aptitude" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6393 msgid "<literal>F10</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>" msgstr "<literal>F10</literal> ou <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6396 msgid "menu" msgstr "menu" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6404 msgid "display <emphasis role=\"strong\">help</emphasis> for keystroke (more complete listing)" msgstr "afficher l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">aide </emphasis> pour les raccourcis clavier (liste plus complète)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6408 msgid "<literal>F10</literal> → Help → User's Manual" msgstr "<literal>F10</literal> → Aide → Manuel de l’utilisateur" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6411 msgid "display User's Manual" msgstr "afficher le Manuel de l’utilisateur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6416 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20659 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24610 msgid "<literal>u</literal>" msgstr "<literal>u</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6419 msgid "update package archive information" msgstr "mettre à jour les informations de l’archive des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6424 msgid "<literal>+</literal>" msgstr "<literal>+</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6427 msgid "mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> or the <emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis>" msgstr "marquer le paquet pour <emphasis role=\"strong\">mise à niveau</emphasis> ou <emphasis role=\"strong\">installation</emphasis>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6435 msgid "mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (keep configuration files)" msgstr "marquer le paquet pour <emphasis role=\"strong\">suppression</emphasis> (conserver ses fichiers de configuration)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6440 msgid "<literal>_</literal>" msgstr "<literal>_</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6443 msgid "mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (remove configuration files)" msgstr "marquer le paquet pour être <emphasis role=\"strong\">purgé</emphasis> (supprimer ses fichiers de configuration)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6448 msgid "<literal>=</literal>" msgstr "<literal>=</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6451 msgid "place the package on <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis>" msgstr "mettre le paquet dans l’état « <emphasis role=\"strong\">conservé</emphasis> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6456 msgid "<literal>U</literal>" msgstr "<literal>U</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6459 msgid "mark all upgradable packages (function as <emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>)" msgstr "marquer tous les paquets susceptibles de mise à niveau (fonctionne comme <emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</emphasis>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6464 msgid "<literal>g</literal>" msgstr "<literal>g</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6467 msgid "start <emphasis role=\"strong\">downloading</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">installing</emphasis> selected packages" msgstr "lancer le <emphasis role=\"strong\">téléchargement</emphasis> et l’<emphasis role=\"strong\">installation</emphasis> des paquets sélectionnés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6472 debian-reference.en.xmlt:20298 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:24578 msgid "<literal>q</literal>" msgstr "<literal>q</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6475 msgid "quit current screen and save changes" msgstr "quitter l’écran actuel et enregistrer les modifications" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6480 msgid "<literal>x</literal>" msgstr "<literal>x</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6483 msgid "quit current screen and discard changes" msgstr "quitter l’écran actuel en abandonnant les modifications" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6488 msgid "<literal>Enter</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Entrée</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6491 msgid "view information about a package" msgstr "afficher les informations concernant un paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6496 debian-reference.en.xmlt:19054 msgid "<literal>C</literal>" msgstr "<literal>C</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6499 msgid "view a package's changelog" msgstr "afficher le journal des modifications (« changelog ») d'un paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6507 msgid "change the limit for the displayed packages" msgstr "modifier les limites pour les paquets affichés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6515 msgid "search for the first match" msgstr "rechercher la première correspondance" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6520 msgid "<literal>\\</literal>" msgstr "<literal>\\</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6523 msgid "repeat the last search" msgstr "répéter la dernière recherche" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6529 msgid "The file name specification of the command line and the menu prompt after pressing \"<literal>l</literal>\" and \"<literal>//</literal>\" take the aptitude regex as described below. Aptitude regex can explicitly match a package name using a string started by \"<literal>~n</literal> and followed by the package name." msgstr "L’indication du nom de fichier sur la ligne de commandes et à l’invite du menu après avoir pressé « <literal>l</literal> » et « <literal>//</literal> » prend l’expression rationnelle d'aptitude telle que décrite ci-dessous. Une expression rationnelle d'aptitude peut correspondre explicitement à un nom de paquet en utilisant une chaîne de caractère commençant par « <literal>~n</literal> » et suivie du nom de paquet." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6531 msgid "You need to press \"<literal>U</literal>\" to get all the installed packages upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> in the visual interface. Otherwise only the selected packages and certain packages with versioned dependency to them are upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis>." msgstr "Vous devrez presser « <literal>U</literal> » pour obtenir la mise à niveau de tous les paquets installés vers la <emphasis role=\"strong\">version candidate</emphasis> de l’interface visuelle. Sinon, seuls les paquets sélectionnés et certains paquets ayant des dépendances versionnées sur ces paquets seront mis à niveau vers la <emphasis role=\"strong\">version candidate</emphasis>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6535 msgid "Package views under aptitude" msgstr "Vues des paquets sous aptitude" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6536 msgid "In the interactive full screen mode of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), packages in the package list are displayed as the next example." msgstr "Dans le mode interactif en plein écran d'<literal>aptitude</literal>(8), les paquets de la liste des paquets sont affichés comme dans l’exemple suivant." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6537 #, no-wrap msgid "idA libsmbclient -2220kB 3.0.25a-1 3.0.25a-2" msgstr "idA libsmbclient -2220ko 3.0.25a-1 3.0.25a-2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6538 msgid "Here, this line means from the left as the following." msgstr "Cette ligne signifie, en partant de la gauche :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6542 msgid "The \"current state\" flag (the first letter)" msgstr "Indicateur d'« état actuel » (la première lettre)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6547 msgid "The \"planned action\" flag (the second letter)" msgstr "Indicateur d'« action prévue » (la seconde lettre)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6552 msgid "The \"automatic\" flag (the third letter)" msgstr "Indicateur « automatique » (la troisième lettre)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6557 msgid "The Package name" msgstr "Nom du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6562 msgid "The change in disk space usage attributed to \"planned action\"" msgstr "Modification de l’utilisation du disque attribuée à l’« action prévue »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6567 msgid "The current version of the package" msgstr "Version actuelle du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6572 msgid "The candidate version of the package" msgstr "Version candidate du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6577 msgid "The full list of flags are given at the bottom of <emphasis role=\"strong\">Help</emphasis> screen shown by pressing \"<literal>?</literal>\"." msgstr "La liste complète des indicateurs est donnée en bas de l’écran d’<emphasis role=\"strong\">Aide</emphasis> affiché en pressant « <literal>?</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6579 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> is chosen according to the current local preferences (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)." msgstr "La <emphasis role=\"strong\">version candidate</emphasis> est choisie en fonction des préférences locales actuelles (voir <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) et <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6580 msgid "Several types of package views are available under the menu \"<literal>Views</literal>\"." msgstr "Plusieurs types de vues de paquets sont disponibles depuis le menu « <literal>Vues</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6582 msgid "List of views for aptitude" msgstr "Liste des vues d'aptitude" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6590 msgid "view" msgstr "vue" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6593 msgid "status" msgstr "état" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6596 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6674 msgid "description of view" msgstr "description de la vue" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6603 msgid "<literal>Package View</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Vue des paquets</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6606 debian-reference.en.xmlt:6617 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6628 msgid "Good" msgstr "Bon" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6609 msgid "see <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/> (default)" msgstr "voir <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/> (défaut)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6614 msgid "<literal>Audit Recommendations</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Recommendations d'audit</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6620 msgid "list packages which are recommended by some installed packages but not yet installed are listed" msgstr "liste des paquets qui sont recommandés par certains paquets installés mais qui ne sont pas encore installés sur le système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6625 msgid "<literal>Flat Package List</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Liste de paquet « à plat »</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6631 msgid "list packages without categorization (for use with regex)" msgstr "liste des paquets sans regroupement par catégories (pour l’utilisation avec des expression rationnelles)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6636 msgid "<literal>Debtags Browser</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Navigateur de Debtags</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6639 msgid "Very usable" msgstr "Très utilisable" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6642 msgid "list packages categorized according to their <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink> entries" msgstr "liste des paquets classés selon leur entrée <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6647 msgid "<literal>Categorical Browser</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Navigateur par catégories</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6650 msgid "Deprecated" msgstr "Obsolète" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6653 msgid "list packages categorized according to their category (use <literal>Debtags Browser</literal>, instead)" msgstr "liste des paquets classés selon leur catégorie (utiliser plutôt <literal>Debtags Browser</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6660 msgid "Please help us <ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">improving tagging packages with debtags!</ulink>" msgstr "Merci de nous aider à <ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">améliorer le marquage des paquets avec debtags !</ulink>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6662 msgid "The standard \"<literal>Package View</literal>\" categorizes packages somewhat like <literal>dselect</literal> with few extra features." msgstr "La « <literal>Vue des paquets</literal> » standard classe les paquets un peu comme le fait <literal>dselect</literal> avec quelques fonctionnalités supplémentaires." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6664 msgid "The categorization of standard package views" msgstr "Classement par catégories des vues de paquets standard" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6671 msgid "category" msgstr "catégorie" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6681 msgid "<literal>Upgradable Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Paquets susceptibles de mise à jour</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6684 msgid "list packages organized as <literal>section</literal> → <literal>area</literal> → <literal>package</literal>" msgstr "liste des paquets organisée sous la forme <literal>section</literal> → <literal>zone</literal> → <literal>paquet</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6689 msgid "<literal>New Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Nouveaux paquets</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6697 msgid "<literal>Installed Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Paquets installés</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6705 msgid "<literal>Not Installed Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Paquets non installés</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6713 msgid "<literal>Obsolete and Locally Created Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Paquets obsolètes ou créés localement</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6721 msgid "<literal>Virtual Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Paquets virtuels</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6724 msgid "list packages with the same function" msgstr "liste des paquets ayant la même fonction" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6729 msgid "<literal>Tasks</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Tâches</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6732 msgid "list packages with different functions generally needed for a task" msgstr "liste des paquets ayant les différentes fonctions généralement nécessaires à une tâche" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6739 msgid "<literal>Tasks</literal> view can be used to cherry pick packages for your task." msgstr "La vue des <literal>tâches</literal> peut être utilisée pour choisir les paquets nécessaires à votre tâche." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6743 msgid "Search method options with aptitude" msgstr "Options de la méthode de recherche avec aptitude" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6744 msgid "Aptitude offers several options for you to search packages using its regex formula." msgstr "Aptitude vous offre différentes options pour rechercher des paquets en utilisant sa formule d'expressions rationnelles." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6748 msgid "Shell commandline:" msgstr "Ligne de commande du shell :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6753 msgid "\"<literal>aptitude search '<aptitude_regex>'</literal>\" to list installation status, package name and short description of matching packages" msgstr "« <literal>aptitude search '<expression_rationnelle_aptitude>'</literal> » afin d'afficher l’état d'installation, le nom du paquet et une courte description des paquets correspondants" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6758 msgid "\"<literal>aptitude show '<package_name>'</literal>\" to list detailed description of the package" msgstr "« <literal>aptitude show '<nom_paquet>'</literal> » pour afficher la description détaillée du paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6765 msgid "Interactive full screen mode:" msgstr "Mode interactif plein écran :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6770 msgid "\"<literal>l</literal>\" to limit package view to matching packages" msgstr "« <literal>l</literal> » pour limiter la vue des paquets à ceux qui correspondent" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6775 msgid "\"<literal>/</literal>\" for search to a matching package" msgstr "« <literal>/</literal> » pour rechercher un paquet correspondant" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6780 msgid "\"<literal>\\</literal>\" for backward search to a matching package" msgstr "« <literal>\\</literal> » pour rechercher en arrière un paquet correspondant" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6785 msgid "\"<literal>n</literal>\" for find-next" msgstr "« <literal>n</literal> » pour rechercher le suivant" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6790 msgid "\"<literal>N</literal>\" for find-next (backward)" msgstr "« <literal>N</literal> » pour rechercher le suivant (en arrière)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6797 msgid "The string for <package_name> is treated as the exact string match to the package name unless it is started explicitly with \"<literal>~</literal>\" to be the regex formula." msgstr "La chaîne du <nom_paquet> est traitée comme la correspondance exacte de chaîne pour le nom de paquet à moins qu'il ne soit lancé explicitement avec « <literal>~</literal> » pour être la formule d'expression rationnelle." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6801 msgid "The aptitude regex formula" msgstr "Les formules d'expressions rationnelles d'aptitude" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6802 msgid "The aptitude regex formula is mutt-like extended <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>) and the meanings of the <literal>aptitude</literal> specific special match rule extensions are as follows." msgstr "La formule des expressions rationnelles d'aptitude est étendue <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> de manière similaire à mutt (voir <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>) et la signification des extensions de règles de correspondance spécifiques à <literal>aptitude</literal> est la suivante :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6804 msgid "List of the aptitude regex formula" msgstr "Liste des formules d'expressions rationnelles d'aptitude" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6811 msgid "description of the extended match rule" msgstr "description des règles étendues de correspondance " # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6814 msgid "regex formula" msgstr "formules d'expressions rationnelles" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6821 msgid "match on package name" msgstr "correspond au nom du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6824 msgid "<literal>~n<regex_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~n<expression_rationnelle_nom></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6829 msgid "match on description" msgstr "correspond à la description" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6832 msgid "<literal>~d<regex_description></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~d<expression_rationnelle_description></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6837 msgid "match on task name" msgstr "correspond au nom de la tâche" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6840 msgid "<literal>~t<regex_task></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~t<expression_rationnelle_tâche></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6845 msgid "match on debtag" msgstr "correspond à l’étiquette debtag" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6848 msgid "<literal>~G<regex_debtag></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~G<expression_rationnelle_debtag></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6853 msgid "match on maintainer" msgstr "correspond au responsable du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6856 msgid "<literal>~m<regex_maintainer></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~m<expression_rationnelle_responsable></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6861 msgid "match on package section" msgstr "correspond à la section du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6864 msgid "<literal>~s<regex_section></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~s<expression_rationnelle_section></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6869 msgid "match on package version" msgstr "correspond à la version du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6872 msgid "<literal>~V<regex_version></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~V<expression_rationnelle_version></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6877 msgid "match archive" msgstr "correspond à l’archive" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6879 msgid "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}" msgstr "<literal>~A{sarge,etch,sid</literal>}" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6884 msgid "match origin" msgstr "correspond à l’origine" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6886 msgid "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}" msgstr "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6891 msgid "match priority" msgstr "correspond à la priorité" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6893 msgid "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}" msgstr "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6898 msgid "match essential packages" msgstr "correspond aux paquets essentiels" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6901 msgid "<literal>~E</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~E</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6906 msgid "match virtual packages" msgstr "correspond aux paquets virtuels" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6909 msgid "<literal>~v</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~v</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6914 msgid "match new packages" msgstr "correspond aux nouveaux paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6917 msgid "<literal>~N</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~N</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6922 msgid "match with pending action" msgstr "correspond aux actions en attente" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6924 msgid "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}" msgstr "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6929 msgid "match installed packages" msgstr "correspond aux paquets installés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6932 msgid "<literal>~i</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~i</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6937 msgid "match installed packages with <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark (auto installed package)" msgstr "correspond aux paquets installés ayant la marque <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis> (paquets installés automatiquement)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6940 msgid "<literal>~M</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~M</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6945 msgid "match installed packages without <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark (administrator selected package)" msgstr "correspond aux paquets installés n'ayant pas la marque <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis> (paquets sélectionnés par l’administrateur)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6948 msgid "<literal>~i!~M</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~i!~M</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6953 msgid "match installed and upgradable packages" msgstr "correspond aux paquets installés et pouvant être mis à jour" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6956 msgid "<literal>~U</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~U</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6961 msgid "match removed but not purged packages" msgstr "correspond aux paquets supprimés mais non purgés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6964 msgid "<literal>~c</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~c</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6969 msgid "match removed, purged or can-be-removed packages" msgstr "correspond aux paquets supprimés, purgés ou pouvant être supprimés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6972 msgid "<literal>~g</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~g</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6977 msgid "match packages with broken relation" msgstr "correspond aux paquets ayant une relation cassée" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6980 msgid "<literal>~b</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~b</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6985 msgid "match packages with broken depends/predepends/conflict" msgstr "correspond aux paquets ayant des dépendances, prédépendances ou conflits cassés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6988 msgid "<literal>~B<type></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~B<type></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6993 msgid "match packages from which relation <type> is defined to <term> package" msgstr "correspond aux paquets depuis lesquels une relation <type> est définie vers le paquet <term>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:6996 msgid "<literal>~D[<type>:]<term></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~D[<type>:]<term></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7001 msgid "match packages from which <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation <type> is defined to <term> package" msgstr "correspond aux paquets depuis lesquels une relation de <type> <emphasis role=\"strong\">casse</emphasis> est définie vers le paquet <term>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7004 msgid "<literal>~DB[<type>:]<term></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~DB[<type>:]<term></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7009 msgid "match packages to which the <term> package defines relation <type>" msgstr "correspond aux paquets vers lesquels le paquet <term> définit une relation <type>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7012 msgid "<literal>~R[<type>:]<term></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~R[<type>:]<term></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7017 msgid "match packages to which the <term> package defines <emphasis role=\"strong\">broken</emphasis> relation <type>" msgstr "correspond aux paquets vers lesquels le paquet <term> définit un <type> de relation <emphasis role=\"strong\">casse</emphasis> " # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7020 msgid "<literal>~RB[<type>:]<term></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~RB[<type>:]<term></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7025 msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend on" msgstr "correspond aux paquets desquels dépendent d'autres paquets installés " # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7028 msgid "<literal>~R~i</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~R~i</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7033 msgid "match packages to which no other installed packages depend on" msgstr "correspond aux paquets desquels ne dépend aucun autre paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7036 msgid "<literal>!~R~i</literal>" msgstr "<literal>!~R~i</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7041 msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend or recommend on" msgstr "correspond aux paquets vers lesquels d'autres paquets installés dépendent ou qu'ils recommandent" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7044 msgid "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7049 msgid "match <term> package with filtered version" msgstr "correspond au paquet <term> dont la version est filtrée" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7052 msgid "<literal>~S filter <term></literal>" msgstr "<literal>~S filter <term></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7057 msgid "match all packages (true)" msgstr "correspond à tous les paquets (vrai)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7060 msgid "<literal>~T</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~T</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7065 msgid "match no packages (false)" msgstr "ne correspond à aucun paquet (faux)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7068 msgid "<literal>~F</literal>" msgstr "<literal>~F</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7077 msgid "The regex part is the same <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> as the one used in typical Unix-like text tools using \"<literal>^</literal>\", \"<literal>.*</literal>\", \"<literal>$</literal>\" etc. as in <literal>egrep</literal>(1), <literal>awk</literal>(1) and <literal>perl</literal>(1)." msgstr "La partie expression rationnelle est la même <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> que celle utilisée dans les outils Unix typiques en utilisant « <literal>^</literal> », « <literal>.*</literal> », « <literal>$</literal> » etc. comme dans <literal>egrep</literal>(1), <literal>awk</literal>(1) et <literal>perl</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7082 msgid "The relation <type> is one of (depends, predepends, recommends, suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)." msgstr "La relation <type> est prise dans la liste (depends, predepends, recommends, suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7087 msgid "The default relation type is \"depends\"." msgstr "Le type de relation par défaut est « depends »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7092 msgid "When <regex_pattern> is a null string, place \"<literal>~T</literal>\" immediately after the command." msgstr "Lorsqu'un <motif d'expression rationnelle> (« regex_pattern> ») est une chaîne de caractère vide, placez « <literal>~T</literal> » directement après la commande." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7094 msgid "Here are some short cuts." msgstr "Voici quelques raccourcis." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7098 msgid "\"<literal>~P<term></literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:<term></literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>~P<term></literal> » == « <literal>~Dprovides:<term></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7103 msgid "\"<literal>~C<term></literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:<term></literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>~C<term></literal> » == « <literal>~Dconflicts:<term></literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7108 msgid "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>…~W term</literal> » == « <literal>(…|term)</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7112 msgid "Users familiar with <literal>mutt</literal> pick up quickly, as mutt was the inspiration for the expression syntax. See \"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS\" in the \"User's Manual\" \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\"." msgstr "Les utilisateurs familiers avec <literal>mutt</literal> comprendront rapidement car mutt a été la source d'inspiration pour la syntaxe des expressions. Voir « SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS » dans le manuel de l’utilisateur (« <literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal> »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7114 msgid "With the <literal>lenny</literal> version of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8), the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax such as \"<literal>?broken</literal>\" may be used for regex matching in place for its old <emphasis role=\"strong\">short form</emphasis> equivalent \"<literal>~b</literal>\". Now space character \"<literal> </literal>\" is considered as one of the regex terminating character in addition to tilde character \"<literal>~</literal>\". See \"User's Manual\" for the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> syntax." msgstr "Avec la version <literal>lenny</literal> d'<literal>aptitude</literal>(8), la nouvelle <emphasis role=\"strong\">forme longue</emphasis> de la syntaxe comme « <literal>?broken</literal> » peut être utilisée pour la correspondance des expressions rationnelles en remplacement de l’ancien équivalent « <literal>~b</literal> » en <emphasis role=\"strong\">forme courte</emphasis>. Le caractère d'espacement « <literal> </literal> » est maintenant considérée comme l’un des caractères de terminaison d'une expression rationnelle en plus du caractère tilde « <literal>~</literal> ». Voir la syntaxe de la nouvelle <emphasis role=\"strong\">forme longue</emphasis> dans le « Manuel de l’utilisateur »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7118 msgid "Dependency resolution of aptitude" msgstr "Résolution des dépendances par aptitude" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7119 msgid "The selection of a package in <literal>aptitude</literal> not only pulls in packages which are defined in its \"<literal>Depends:</literal>\" list but also defined in the \"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\" list if the menu \"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Dependency handling\" is set accordingly. These auto installed packages are removed automatically if they are no longer needed under <literal>aptitude</literal>." msgstr "La sélection d'un paquet dans <literal>aptitude</literal> récupère non seulement les paquets définis dans son champ « <literal>Depends:</literal> » mais aussi ceux définis dans le champ « <literal>Recommends:</literal> » si la configuration a été faite dans ce sens dans le menu « <literal>F10</literal> → Options → Préférences → Gestion des dépendances ». Ces paquets installés automatiquement seront supprimés automatiquement s'ils ne sont plus nécessaires sous <literal>aptitude</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7121 msgid "Before the <literal>lenny</literal> release, <literal>apt-get</literal> and other standard APT tools did not offer the autoremove functionality." msgstr "Avant la diffusion de <literal>lenny</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> et d'autre outils standard d'APT n'offraient pas la fonctionnalité de suppression automatique (« autoremove »)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7125 msgid "Package activity logs" msgstr "Journaux d'activité des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7126 msgid "You can check package activity history in the log files." msgstr "Vous pouvez vérifier l’activité de l’historique des paquets dans les fichiers journaux." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7128 msgid "The log files for package activities" msgstr "Fichiers journaux de l’activité des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7135 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7669 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8057 debian-reference.en.xmlt:9995 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12244 debian-reference.en.xmlt:12334 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:12403 debian-reference.en.xmlt:14672 msgid "file" msgstr "fichier" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7138 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7675 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:10118 msgid "content" msgstr "contenu" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7145 msgid "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7148 msgid "Log of <literal>dpkg</literal> level activity for all package activities" msgstr "Enregistrement des actions au niveau de <literal>dpkg</literal> pour l’activité de tous les paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7153 msgid "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7156 msgid "Log of generic APT activity" msgstr "Journal de l’activité générique d'APT" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7161 msgid "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7164 msgid "Log of <literal>aptitude</literal> command activity" msgstr "Journal des actions de la commande <literal>aptitude</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7170 msgid "In reality, it is not so easy to get meaningful understanding quickly out from these logs. See <xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> for easier way." msgstr "En réalité, il n'est pas aussi facile de comprendre la signification de ces journaux. Voir <xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> pour une façon de faire plus simple." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7174 msgid "Examples of aptitude operations" msgstr "Exemples d'opérations avec aptitude" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7175 msgid "Here are few examples of <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) operations." msgstr "Voici quelques exemples d'opérations d'<literal>aptitude</literal>(8)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7177 msgid "Listing packages with regex matching on package names" msgstr "Afficher les paquets dont les noms correspondent à une expression rationnelle" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7178 msgid "The following command lists packages with regex matching on package names." msgstr "La commande suivante affiche les paquets dont les noms correspondent à une expression rationnelle." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7179 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n" "p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n" "p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces" msgstr "" "$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n" "p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n" "p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7182 msgid "This is quite handy for you to find the exact name of a package." msgstr "Il vous est assez facile de trouver le nom exact d'un paquet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7185 msgid "Browsing with the regex matching" msgstr "Parcours en correspondance avec une expression rationnelle" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7186 msgid "The regex \"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt, limits view to packages with the matching description and let you browse their information interactively." msgstr "L’expression rationnelle « <literal>~dipv6</literal> » entrée dans la vue « Nouvelle liste des paquets » (« New Flat Package List » depuis l’invite « <literal>l</literal> » limite la vue aux paquets dont la description correspond à cette expression rationnelle et vous permet de parcourir les informations de manière interactive." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7189 msgid "Purging removed packages for good" msgstr "Purger pour de bon les paquets supprimés" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7190 msgid "You can purge all remaining configuration files of removed packages." msgstr "Vous pouvez supprimer tous les fichiers de configuration subsistant des paquets supprimés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7191 msgid "Check results of the following command." msgstr "Vérifiez le résultat de la commande suivante :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7192 #, no-wrap msgid "# aptitude search '~c'" msgstr "# aptitude search '~c'" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7193 msgid "If you think listed packages are OK to be purged, execute the following command." msgstr "Si vous pensez que les paquets affichés doivent être purgés, exécutez la commande suivante :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7194 #, no-wrap msgid "# aptitude purge '~c'" msgstr "# aptitude purge '~c'" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7195 msgid "You may want to do the similar in the interactive mode for fine grained control." msgstr "Vous pouvez avoir envie de faire la même chose en mode interactif avec un contrôle plus fin." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7196 msgid "You provide the regex \"<literal>~c</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt. This limits the package view only to regex matched packages, i.e., \"removed but not purged\". All these regex matched packages can be shown by pressing \"<literal>[</literal>\" at top level headings." msgstr "Indiquez l’expression rationnelle « <literal>~c</literal> » dans la « Nouvelle liste des paquets » en utilisant l’invite « <literal>l</literal> ». Ceci limite la vue des paquets à ceux qui correspondent à l’expression rationnelle, c'est-à-dire « supprimé mais non purgé ». On peut visualiser tous les paquets correspondant à cette expression rationnelle en pressant « <literal>[</literal> » depuis une section de haut niveau." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7197 msgid "Then you press \"<literal>_</literal>\" at top level headings such as \"Installed Packages\". Only regex matched packages under the heading are marked to be purged by this. You can exclude some packages to be purged by pressing \"<literal>=</literal>\" interactively for each of them." msgstr "Pressez ensuite « <literal>_</literal> » depuis une fenêtre de haut niveau comme « Paquets installés ». Seuls les paquets correspondants à l’expression rationnelle se trouvant dans cette section seront marqués comme devant être purgés par cette commande. Vous pouvez exclure certains paquets de cette opération en pressant de manière interactive la touche « <literal>=</literal> » en face de chacun d'eux." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7198 msgid "This technique is quite handy and works for many other command keys." msgstr "Cette technique est assez pratique et fonctionne avec de nombreuses autres touches de commande." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7201 msgid "Tidying auto/manual install status" msgstr "Toilettage de l’état d'installation automatique / manuel" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7202 msgid "Here is how I tidy auto/manual install status for packages (after using non-aptitude package installer etc.)." msgstr "Voici comment je nettoie l’état d'installation automatique / manuel des paquets (après avoir utilisé un installateur de paquets autre qu'aptitude, etc.)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7206 msgid "Start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode as root." msgstr "Démarrer <literal>aptitude</literal> en mode interactif en tant qu'administrateur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7211 msgid "Type \"<literal>u</literal>\", \"<literal>U</literal>\", \"<literal>f</literal>\" and \"<literal>g</literal>\" to update and upgrade package list and packages." msgstr "Entrer « <literal>u</literal> », « <literal>U</literal> », « <literal>f</literal> » et « <literal>g</literal> » pour mettre à jour la liste des paquets et mettre à niveau les paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7216 msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\" and type \"<literal>M</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as auto installed." msgstr "Entrer « <literal>l</literal> » afin de définir la limite d'affichage des paquets avec « <literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal> » et entrez « <literal>M</literal> » sur « <literal>Paquets installés</literal> » automatiquement." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7221 msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as manual installed." msgstr "Entrer « <literal>l</literal> » afin de définir la limite d'affichage des paquets avec « <literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal> » et entrez « <literal>m</literal> » sur les « <literal>Paquets installés</literal> » manuellement." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7226 msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\" and remove unused package by typing \"<literal>-</literal>\" over each of them after exposing them by typing \"<literal>[</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\"." msgstr "Entrer « <literal>l</literal> » pour définir la limite d'affichage des paquets avec « <literal>~i!~M</literal> » et supprimez tous les paquets inutilisés en entrant <literal>-</literal> » sur chacun d'eux après les avoir affichés en entrant « <literal>[</literal> » sur « <literal>Paquets installés</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7231 msgid "Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as \"<literal>~i</literal>\" and type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" as manual installed." msgstr "Entrer « <literal>l</literal> » pour définir la limite d'affichage des paquets avec « <literal>~i</literal> » et entrez <literal>m</literal> » sur les « <literal>Tâches</literal> » manuellement installées." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7236 msgid "Exit <literal>aptitude</literal>." msgstr "Quitter <literal>aptitude</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7241 msgid "Start \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to check what are not used." msgstr "Lancer « <literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal> » en tant qu'administrateur pour vérifier les paquets non utilisés." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7246 msgid "Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"." msgstr "Redémarrer <literal>aptitude</literal> en mode interactif et marquer les paquets nécessaires comme « <literal>m</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7251 msgid "Restart \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to recheck REMOVED contain only expected packages." msgstr "Redémarrer « <literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal> » en tant qu'administrateur et vérifier à nouveau que « REMOVED » ne contient que les paquets voulus." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7256 msgid "Start \"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to autoremove unused packages." msgstr "Lancer « <literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal> » en tant qu'administrateur pour supprimer automatiquement les paquets inutilisés." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7260 msgid "The \"<literal>m</literal>\" action over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" is an optional one to prevent mass package removal situation in future." msgstr "L’action « <literal>m</literal> » sur les « <literal>Tâches</literal> » est optionnelle pour éviter une situation de suppression en masse de paquets dans le futur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7263 msgid "System wide upgrade" msgstr "Mise à jour pour l’ensemble du système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7265 msgid "When moving to a new release etc, you should consider to perform a clean installation of new system even though Debian is upgradable as described below. This provides you a chance to remove garbages collected and exposes you to the best combination of latest packages. Of course, you should make a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) before doing this. I recommend to make a dual boot configuration using different partition to have the smoothest transition." msgstr "Lors du changement vers une nouvelle version, etc., vous devriez envisager d'effectuer une installation propre d'un nouveau système même si Debian peut être mis à niveau comme décrit ci-dessous. Ceci vous donne une chance de supprimer les résidus amassés et vous présente la meilleure combinaison des derniers paquets. Bien entendu, vous devrez effectuer une sauvegarde totale de votre système vers un endroit sûr (voir <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) avant de faire cela. Je vous recommande de faire une configuration dual boot en utilisant des partitions différentes afin d'effectuer une transition en douceur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7267 msgid "You can perform system wide upgrade to a newer release by changing contents of the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file pointing to a new release and running the \"<literal>apt-get update; apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" command." msgstr "Vous pouvez effectuer une mise à niveau de l’ensemble du système vers une nouvelle version en modifiant le contenu du fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » pour qu'il pointe vers la nouvelle version et en lançant la commande « <literal>apt-get update; apt-get dist-upgrade</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7268 msgid "To upgrade from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal>, you replace \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" example of <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> with \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>sid</literal>\"." msgstr "Pour effectuer la mise à jour depuis <literal>stable</literal> vers <literal>testing</literal> ou <literal>unstable</literal>, remplacez « <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> » dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » d'exemple donné dans <xref linkend= \"_debian_archive_basics\"/> par « <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> » ou « <literal>sid</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7269 msgid "In reality, you may face some complications due to some package transition issues, mostly due to package dependencies. The larger the difference of the upgrade, the more likely you face larger troubles. For the transition from the old <literal>stable</literal> to the new <literal>stable</literal> after its release, you can read its new <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> and follow the exact procedure described in it to minimize troubles." msgstr "En réalité, vous pouvez rencontrer quelques complications en raison de problèmes de transition de paquets, le plus souvent pour des problèmes de dépendances de paquets. Plus la mise à jour est importante, plus vous avez de chances de rencontrer des problèmes importants. Lors de la transition de l’ancienne version <literal>stable</literal> vers la nouvelle version <literal>stable</literal> après sa diffusion, afin de minimiser les problèmes vous pouvez lire ses nouvelles <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Notes de diffusion</ulink> et suivre la procédure exacte qui y est décrite." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7270 msgid "When you decide to move from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> before its formal release, there are no <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Release Notes</ulink> to help you. The difference between <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> could have grown quite large after the previous <literal>stable</literal> release and makes upgrade situation complicated." msgstr "Lorsque vous décidez de changer de la version <literal>stable</literal> vers la version <literal>testing</literal> avant sa diffusion formelle, il n'y a pas de <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\">Notes de diffusion</ulink> pour vous aider. La différence entre <literal>stable</literal> et <literal>testing</literal> peut être devenue assez importante depuis la diffusion de la version <literal>stable</literal> précédente et rendre compliquée la situation de la mise à jour." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7271 msgid "You should make precautionary moves for the full upgrade while gathering latest information from mailing list and using common senses." msgstr "Vous devriez aller vers la mise à niveau complète avec précaution tout en récupérant les dernières informations depuis les listes de diffusion et en usant de bon sens." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7275 msgid "Read previous \"Release Notes\"." msgstr "Lire les « Notes de diffusion » précédentes." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7280 msgid "Backup entire system (especially data and configuration information)." msgstr "Faire la sauvegarde de l’ensemble du système (particulièrement les données et les informations de configuration)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7285 msgid "Have bootable media handy for broken bootloader." msgstr "Avoir un support amorçable prêt au cas où le chargeur initial serait cassé." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7290 msgid "Inform users on the system well in advance." msgstr "Informer les utilisateurs du système bien à l’avance." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7295 msgid "Record upgrade activity with <literal>script</literal>(1)." msgstr "Enregistrer l’activité de mise à jour avec <literal>script</literal>(1)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7300 msgid "Apply \"unmarkauto\" to required packages, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude unmarkauto vim</literal>\", to prevent removal." msgstr "Appliquer « unmarkauto » aux paquets nécessaires, par exemple « <literal>aptitude unmarkauto vim</literal> », afin d'en éviter la suppression." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7305 msgid "Minimize installed packages to reduce chance of package conflicts, e.g., remove desktop task packages." msgstr "Minimiser les paquets installés pour réduire les chances de conflits de paquets, par exemple supprimer les paquets de la tâche « bureau »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7310 msgid "Remove the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file (disable apt-pinning)." msgstr "Supprimer le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> » (désactiver l’épinglage apt « apt-pinning »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7315 msgid "Try to upgrade step wise: <literal>oldstable</literal> → <literal>stable</literal> → <literal>testing</literal> → <literal>unstable</literal>." msgstr "Essayer de mettre à jour par étapes  : <literal>oldstable</literal> → <literal>stable</literal> → <literal>testing</literal> → <literal>unstable</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7320 msgid "Update the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to point to new archive only and run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"." msgstr "Mettre à jour le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » afin qu'il pointe uniquement vers la nouvelle archive et lancer « <literal>aptitude update</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7325 msgid "Install, optionally, new <emphasis role=\"strong\">core packages</emphasis> first, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"." msgstr "Installer d'abord, de manière optionnelle, le nouveau <emphasis role=\"strong\">core packages</emphasis>, par exemple « <literal>aptitude install perl</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7330 msgid "Run the \"<literal>apt-get -s dist-upgrade</literal>\" command to assess impact." msgstr "Lancer la commande « <literal>apt-get -s dist-upgrade</literal> » pour contrôler quel en sera l’impact." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7335 msgid "Run the \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" command at last." msgstr "Et enfin lancer la commande « <literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7340 msgid "It is not wise to skip major Debian release when upgrading between <literal>stable</literal> releases." msgstr "Il n'est pas sage de sauter une version majeure de Debian lors de la mise à niveau entre versions <literal>stable</literal>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7343 msgid "In previous \"Release Notes\", GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, APT tool chain, etc. have required some special attention for system wide upgrade." msgstr "Dans les « Notes de diffusion » précédentes, GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, APT tool chain, etc. ont demandé une attention particulière pour une mise à niveau de l’ensemble du système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7345 msgid "For daily upgrade in <literal>unstable</literal>, see <xref linkend=\"_safeguarding_for_package_problems\"/>." msgstr "Pour une mise à jour quotidienne d'<literal>unstable</literal>, voir <xref linkend=\"_safeguarding_for_package_problems\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7349 msgid "Advanced package management operations" msgstr "Opérations avancées de gestion des paquets" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7351 msgid "Advanced package management operations with commandline" msgstr "Opérations avancées de gestion des paquets en ligne de commandes" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7352 msgid "Here are list of other package management operations for which <literal>aptitude</literal> is too high-level or lacks required functionalities." msgstr "Voici la liste des autres opérations de gestion des paquets pour lesquelles <literal>aptitude</literal> est de trop haut niveau ou n'a pas la fonctionnalité requise." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7354 msgid "List of advanced package management operations" msgstr "Liste des opération avancées de gestion des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7371 msgid "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l <package_name_pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l <motif_nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7374 msgid "list status of an installed package for the bug report" msgstr "afficher l’état d'un paquet installé pour le signalement de bogue" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7379 msgid "<literal>dpkg -L <package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L <nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7382 msgid "list contents of an installed package" msgstr "afficher le contenu d'un paquet installé." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7387 msgid "<literal>dpkg -L <package_name> | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L <nom_paquet> | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7390 msgid "list manpages for an installed package" msgstr "afficher les pages de manuel d'un paquet installé." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7395 msgid "<literal>dpkg -S <file_name_pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg -S <motif_nom_fichier></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7398 msgid "list installed packages which have matching file name" msgstr "afficher les paquets installés dont le nom correspond" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7403 msgid "<literal>apt-file search <file_name_pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-file search <motif_nom_fichier></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7406 msgid "list packages in archive which have matching file name" msgstr "afficher les paquets de l’archive dont le nom correspond" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7411 msgid "<literal>apt-file list <package_name_pattern></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-file list <motif_nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7414 msgid "list contents of matching packages in archive" msgstr "afficher le contenu d'un paquet correspondant de l’archive" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7419 msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure <package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure <nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7422 msgid "reconfigure the exact package" msgstr "reconfigurer le paquet exact" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7427 msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low <package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low <nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7430 msgid "reconfigure the exact package with the most detailed question" msgstr "reconfigurer le paquet exact avec la question la plus détaillée" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7435 msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>" msgstr "<literal>configure-debian</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7438 msgid "reconfigure packages from the full screen menu" msgstr "reconfigurer les paquets depuis le menu en plein écran" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7443 msgid "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7446 msgid "audit system for partially installed packages" msgstr "système de vérification des paquets partiellement installés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7451 msgid "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7454 msgid "configure all partially installed packages" msgstr "configurer tous les paquets partiellement installés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7459 msgid "<literal>apt-cache policy <binary_package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-cache policy <nom_paquet_binaire></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7462 msgid "show available version, priority, and archive information of a binary package" msgstr "afficher la version disponible, la priorité et les informations concernant l’archive du paquet binaire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7467 msgid "<literal>apt-cache madison <package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-cache madison <nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7470 msgid "show available version, archive information of a package" msgstr "afficher la version disponible et les informations de l’archive concernant un paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7475 msgid "<literal>apt-cache showsrc <binary_package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-cache showsrc <nom_paquet_binaire></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7478 msgid "show source package information of a binary package" msgstr "afficher les informations concernant le paquet source d'un paquet binaire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7483 msgid "<literal>apt-get build-dep <package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get build-dep <nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7486 msgid "install required packages to build package" msgstr "installer les paquets nécessaires à la construction d'un paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7491 msgid "<literal>apt-get source <package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>apt-get source <nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7494 msgid "download a source (from standard archive)" msgstr "télécharger une source (depuis l’archive standard)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7499 msgid "<literal>dget <URL for dsc file></literal>" msgstr "<literal>dget <URL pour le fichier dsc></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7502 msgid "download a source packages (from other archive)" msgstr "télécharger un paquet source (depuis une autre archive)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7507 msgid "<literal>dpkg-source -x <package_name>_<version>-<debian_version>.dsc</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg-source -x <nom_paquet>_<version>-<version_debian>.dsc</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7510 msgid "build a source tree from a set of source packages (\"<literal>*.orig.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.debian.tar.gz</literal>\"/\"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>\")" msgstr "construire une arborescence source depuis un ensemble de paquets source(« <literal>*.tar.gz</literal> » et « <literal>*.diff.gz</literal> »)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7515 msgid "<literal>debuild binary</literal>" msgstr "<literal>debuild binary</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7518 msgid "build package(s) from a local source tree" msgstr "construire des paquets depuis une arborescence source locale" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7523 msgid "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>" msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7526 msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree" msgstr "construire un paquet du noyau à partir de l’arborescence source du noyau" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7531 msgid "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>" msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7534 msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree with initramfs enabled" msgstr "construire un paquet du noyau à partir de l’arborescence source du noyau avec initramfs activé" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7539 msgid "<literal>dpkg -i <package_name><emphasis><version>-<debian_version></emphasis><arch>.deb</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg -i <nom_paquet><emphasis><version>-<version_debian></emphasis><arch>.deb</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7542 msgid "install a local package to the system" msgstr "installer un paquet local sur le système" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7547 msgid "<literal>debi <package_name><emphasis><version>-<debian_version></emphasis><arch>.dsc</literal>" msgstr "<literal>debi <nom_paquet><emphasis><version>-<version_debian></emphasis><arch>.dsc</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7550 msgid "install local package(s) to the system" msgstr "installer des paquets locaux sur le système" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7555 msgid "<literal>dpkg --get-selection '*' >selection.txt</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg --get-selection '*' >selection.txt</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7558 msgid "save <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information" msgstr "enregistrer l’information d'état de la sélection des paquets au niveau de <literal>dpkg</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7563 msgid "<literal>dpkg --set-selection <selection.txt</literal>" msgstr "<literal>dpkg --set-selection <selection.txt</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7566 msgid "set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information" msgstr "définir l’information d'état de sélection des paquets au niveau de <literal>dpkg</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7571 msgid "<literal>echo <package_name> hold | dpkg --set-selection</literal>" msgstr "<literal>echo <package_name> hold | dpkg --set-selection</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7574 msgid "set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state for a package to <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis> (equivalent to \"<literal>aptitude hold <package_name></literal>\")" msgstr "définir l’information d'état de sélection des paquets au niveau de <literal>dpkg</literal> à <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis> (gelé, équivalent à <literal>aptitude hold <package_name></literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7581 msgid "Lower level package tools such as \"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\" and \"<literal>debi …</literal>\" should be carefully used by the system administrator. It does not automatically take care required package dependencies. Dpkg's commandline options \"<literal>--force-all</literal>\" and similar (see <literal>dpkg</literal>(1)) are intended to be used by experts only. Using them without fully understanding their effects may break your whole system." msgstr "Un outil de plus bas niveau tel que « <literal>dpkg -i …</literal> » et « <literal>debi …</literal> » devra être utilisé avec précautions par l’administrateur du système. Il ne s'assure pas automatiquement des dépendances exigées par le paquet. Les options « <literal>--force-all</literal> » et similaires de la ligne de commandes de dpkg (voir <literal>dpkg</literal>(1)) ne sont prévues pour être utilisées que par des experts. Les utiliser sans comprendre entièrement leurs effets peut casser l’ensemble de votre système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7583 debian-reference.en.xmlt:18379 msgid "Please note the following." msgstr "Veuillez noter ce qui suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7587 msgid "All system configuration and installation commands require to be run from root." msgstr "Toutes les commandes de configuration et d'installation doivent être lancées avec le compte de l’administrateur." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7592 msgid "Unlike <literal>aptitude</literal> which uses regex (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>), other package management commands use pattern like shell glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)." msgstr "Au contraire d'<literal>aptitude</literal> qui utilise des expressions rationnelles (voir <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>), les autres commandes de gestion des paquets utilisent des motifs semblables aux motifs génériques (« glob ») de l’interpréteur de commandes (voir <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7596 msgid "<literal>apt-file</literal>(1) provided by the <literal>apt-file</literal> package must run \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" in advance." msgstr "<literal>apt-file</literal>(1) fourni par le paquet <literal>apt-file</literal> doit être précédé de l’exécution de la commande « <literal>apt-file update</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7600 msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8) provided by the <literal>configure-debian</literal> package runs <literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) as its backend." msgstr "<literal>configure-debian</literal>(8) fourni par le paquet <literal>configure-debian</literal> exécute en fond <literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7604 msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) runs package scripts using <literal>debconf</literal>(1) as its backend." msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal>(8) exécute les scripts du paquet en utilisant en fond <literal>debconf</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7609 msgid "\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\", \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\" commands require \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" entry in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"." msgstr "Les commandes « <literal>apt-get build-dep</literal> », « <literal>apt-get source</literal> » et « <literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal> » ont besoin d'une entrée « <literal>deb-src</literal> » dans « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7613 msgid "<literal>dget</literal>(1), <literal>debuild</literal>(1), and <literal>debi</literal>(1) require <literal>devscripts</literal> package." msgstr "<literal>dget</literal>(1), <literal>debuild</literal>(1) et<literal>debi</literal>(1) ont besoin du paquet <literal>devscripts</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7618 msgid "See (re)packaging procedure using \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" in <xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>." msgstr "Voir la procédure de (re)paquetage en utilisant « <literal>apt-get source</literal> » dans <xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7622 msgid "<literal>make-kpkg</literal> command requires the <literal>kernel-package</literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>)." msgstr "La commande <literal>make-kpkg</literal> exige le paquet <literal>kernel-package</literal> (voir <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7627 msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/> for general packaging." msgstr "Voir <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/> pour la réalisation de paquets en général." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7633 msgid "Verification of installed package files" msgstr "Vérifier les fichiers de paquets installés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7634 msgid "The installation of <literal>debsums</literal> enables verification of installed package files against MD5sum values in the \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\" file with <literal>debsums</literal>(1). See <xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/> for how MD5sum works." msgstr "L’installation de <literal>debsums</literal> permet, avec <literal>debsums</literal>(1), la vérification des fichiers des paquets installés d'après les valeurs de MD5sum se trouvant dans le fichier « <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal> » Voir <xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/> pour le fonctionnement de MD5sum." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7636 msgid "Because MD5sum database may be tampered by the intruder, <literal>debsums</literal>(1) is of limited use as a security tool. It is only good for checking local modifications by the administrator or damage due to media errors." msgstr "Comme la base de données MD5sum peut être trafiquée par un intrus, <literal>debsums</literal>(1) est d'une utilité restreinte en tant qu'outil de sécurité. Il n'est bon que pour la vérification locale des modifications de l’administrateur ou des défectuosités en raison de problèmes de support." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7640 msgid "Safeguarding for package problems" msgstr "Protection contre les problèmes de paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7641 msgid "Many users prefer to follow the <emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis> release of the Debian system for its new features and packages. This makes the system more prone to be hit by the critical package bugs." msgstr "De nombreux utilisateurs préfèrent suivre la version <emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis> du système Debian parce qu'elle propose de nouvelles fonctionnalités et de nouveaux paquets. Ceci rend le système davantage sujet à être touché par des bugs critiques de paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7642 msgid "The installation of the <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> package safeguards your system against critical bugs by checking Debian BTS automatically for critical bugs when upgrading with APT system." msgstr "L’installation du paquet <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> protège votre système contre les bogues critiques en recherchant automatiquement dans le BTS de Debian les bogues critiques lors de la mise à jour par l’intermédiaire du système APT." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7643 msgid "The installation of the <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> package provides important news in \"<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>\" when upgrading with APT system." msgstr "L’installation du paquet <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> indique les nouveautés importantes se trouvant dans « <literal>NEWS.Debian</literal> » lors de la mise à jour du système avec APT." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7646 msgid "Searching on the package meta data" msgstr "Rechercher dans les méta-données du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7647 msgid "Although visiting Debian site <ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink> facilitates easy ways to search on the package meta data these days, let's look into more traditional ways." msgstr "Bien que visiter le site Debian à <ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink> permette aujourd'hui de rechercher facilement les méta-données des paquets, voyons les méthodes plus traditionnelles :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7648 msgid "The <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1), <literal>grep-status</literal>(1), and <literal>grep-available</literal>(1) commands can be used to search any file which has the general format of a Debian package control file." msgstr "Les commandes <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1), <literal>grep-status</literal>(1) et <literal>grep-available</literal>(1) peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer des recherches dans tous les fichiers dont le format général est celui d'un fichier de contrôle de Debian." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7649 msgid "The \"<literal>dpkg -S <file_name_pattern></literal>\" can be used search package names which contain files with the matching name installed by <literal>dpkg</literal>. But this overlooks files created by the maintainer scripts." msgstr "« <literal>dpkg -S <motif_nom_fichier></literal> » peut être utilisé pour rechercher les noms de paquets installés par <literal>dpkg</literal>.qui contiennent des fichiers dont le nom correspond au motif. Mais les fichiers créés par les scripts du responsable du paquet ne sont pas pris en compte." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7650 msgid "If you need to make more elaborate search on the dpkg meta data, you need to run \"<literal>grep -e regex_pattern *</literal>\" command in the \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\" directory. This makes you search words mentioned in package scripts and installation query texts." msgstr "Si vous devez faire des recherches plus élaborées sur les méta-données de dpkg, il vous faudra lancer la commande « <literal>grep -e motif_expression_rationnelle *</literal> » dans le répertoire « <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal> ». Ceci vous permet de rechercher des mots mentionnés dans les scripts des paquets et les textes des requêtes d'installation." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7651 msgid "If you wish to look up package dependency recursively, you should use <literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)." msgstr "Pour rechercher de manière récursive les dépendances de paquets, vous devrez utiliser <literal>apt-rdepends</literal>(8)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7655 msgid "Debian package management internals" msgstr "Fonctionnement interne de la gestion des paquets Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7656 msgid "Let's learn how the Debian package management system works internally. This should help you to create your own solution to some package problems." msgstr "Voyons comment le système Debian de gestion des paquets fonctionne de manière interne. Ceci vous permettra de créer votre propre solution à certains problèmes de paquets." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7658 msgid "Archive meta data" msgstr "Méta-données de l’archive" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7659 msgid "Meta data files for each distribution are stored under \"<literal>dist/<codename></literal>\" on each Debian mirror sites, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal>\". Its archive structure can be browsed by the web browser. There are 6 types of key meta data." msgstr "Les fichiers de méta-données de chaque distribution se trouvent sur chaque miroir Debian, dans « <literal>dist/<nom_de_code></literal> », par exemple, « <literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</literal> ». On peut parcourir la structure de son archive à l’aide d'un navigateur web. Il existe 5 types de méta-données clés :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7661 msgid "The content of the Debian archive meta data" msgstr "Contenu des méta-données de l’archive Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7672 msgid "location" msgstr "emplacement" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7682 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7715 msgid "<literal>Release</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Release</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7685 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7696 #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7707 msgid "top of distribution" msgstr "sommet de la distribution" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7688 msgid "archive description and integrity information" msgstr "description de l’archive et informations d'intégrité" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7693 msgid "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7699 msgid "signature file for the \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file signed with the archive key" msgstr "fichier signature du fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » signé avec la clé de l’archive" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7704 msgid "<literal>Contents-<architecture></literal>" msgstr "<literal>Contents-<architecture></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7710 msgid "list of all files for all the packages in the pertinent archive" msgstr "liste de tous les fichiers pour tous les paquets dans l’archive pertinente" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7718 msgid "top of each distribution/area/architecture combination" msgstr "sommet de chaque combinaison de distribution/zone/architecture" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7721 msgid "archive description used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)" msgstr "description de l’archive utilisée pour la règle de <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7726 msgid "<literal>Packages</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Packages</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7729 msgid "top of each distribution/area/binary-architecture combination" msgstr "sommet de chaque combinaison de distribution/zone/binary-architecture" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7732 msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for binary packages" msgstr "<literal>debian/control</literal> concaténés des paquets binaires" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7737 msgid "<literal>Sources</literal>" msgstr "<literal>Sources</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7740 msgid "top of each distribution/area/source combination" msgstr "sommet de chaque combinaison distribution/zone/source" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7743 msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for source packages" msgstr "<literal>debian/control</literal> concaténés des paquets sources" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7749 msgid "In the recent archive, these meta data are stored as the compressed and differential files to reduce network traffic." msgstr "Dans les archives récentes, ces méta-données sont enregistrée sous forme compressée et différentielles afin de limiter le trafic réseau." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7752 msgid "Top level \"Release\" file and authenticity" msgstr "Fichier « Release » de plus haut niveau et authenticité" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7754 msgid "The top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is used for signing the archive under the <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system." msgstr "Le fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » de plus haut niveau est utilisé pour signer l’archive au moyen du système <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7756 msgid "Each suite of the Debian archive has a top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>\", as follows." msgstr "Chaque version de l’archive Debian possède un fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » de plus haut niveau, par exemple, « <literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal> », comme ci-dessous :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7757 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Origin: Debian\n" "Label: Debian\n" "Suite: unstable\n" "Codename: sid\n" "Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:13:58 UTC\n" "Architectures: alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n" "Components: main contrib non-free\n" "Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n" "MD5Sum:\n" " e9f11bc50b12af7927d6583de0a3bd06 22788722 main/binary-alpha/Packages\n" " 43524d07f7fa21b10f472c426db66168 6561398 main/binary-alpha/Packages.gz\n" "..." msgstr "" "Origin: Debian\n" "Label: Debian\n" "Suite: unstable\n" "Codename: sid\n" "Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:13:58 UTC\n" "Architectures: alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n" "Components: main contrib non-free\n" "Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n" "MD5Sum:\n" " e9f11bc50b12af7927d6583de0a3bd06 22788722 main/binary-alpha/Packages\n" " 43524d07f7fa21b10f472c426db66168 6561398 main/binary-alpha/Packages.gz\n" "..." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7770 msgid "Here, you can find my rationale to use the \"suite\", and \"codeneme\" in <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>. The \"distribution\" is used when referring to both \"suite\" and \"codeneme\". All archive \"area\" names offered by the archive are listed under \"Component\"." msgstr "Vous pouvez trouver ici ma justification pour l’utilisation de « suite », « nom de code » dans <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>. La « distribution » est utilisée pour désigner à la fois « suite » et « nom de code ». Touts les noms de « zones » de l’archive proposés par l’archive sont indiqués sous « Composantes »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7772 msgid "The integrity of the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is verified by cryptographic infrastructure called the <ulink url=\"&secureapt;\">secure apt</ulink>." msgstr "L’intégrité du fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » de plus haut niveau est vérifiée par une infrastructure cryptographique appelée <ulink url=\"&secureapt;\">secure apt</ulink>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7776 msgid "The cryptographic signature file \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" is created from the authentic top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file and the secret Debian archive key." msgstr "Le fichier de signature chiffré « <literal>Release.gpg</literal> » est créé à partir du fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » réel de plus haut niveau et de la clé secrète de l’archive Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7781 msgid "The public Debian archive key can be seeded into \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\";" msgstr "La clé publique de l’archive Debian peut être placée dans « <literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal> » ;" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7786 msgid "automatically by installing the keyring with the latest <literal>base-files</literal> package, or" msgstr "automatiquement en installant le trousseau de clés avec la dernière version du paquet <literal>base-files</literal>, ou" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7791 msgid "manually by <literal>gpg</literal> or <literal>apt-key</literal> tool with <ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">the latest public archive key posted on the ftp-master.debian.org</ulink> ." msgstr "manuellement, avec les outils <literal>gpg</literal> ou <literal>apt-key</literal> en utilisant <ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\"> la dernière clé publique de l’archive postée sur ftp-master.debian.org</ulink>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7798 msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system verifies the integrity of the downloaded top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file cryptographically by this \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" file and the public Debian archive key in \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"." msgstr "Le système <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> vérifie de manière cryptographique, à l’aide du fichier « <literal>Release.gpg</literal> » et de la clé publique de l’archive Debian de « <literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal> », l’intégrité du fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » de plus haut niveau téléchargé ." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7802 msgid "The integrity of all the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files are verified by using MD5sum values in its top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file. The integrity of all package files are verified by using MD5sum values in the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files. See <literal>debsums</literal>(1) and <xref linkend=\"_verification_of_installed_package_files\"/>." msgstr "L’intégrité de tous les fichiers « <literal>Packages</literal> » et « <literal>Sources</literal> » est vérifiée en utilisant les valeurs des sommes MD5 se trouvant dans son fichier de plus haut niveau « <literal>Release</literal> ». L’intégrité de tous les fichiers de paquets est vérifiée en utilisant les valeurs des sommes MD5 se trouvant dans les fichiers « <literal>Packages</literal> » et « <literal>Sources</literal> ». Voir <literal>debsums</literal>(1) et <xref linkend=\"_verification_of_installed_package_files\"/>." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7803 msgid "Since the cryptographic signature verification is very CPU intensive process than the MD5sum value calculation, use of MD5sum value for each package while using cryptographic signature for the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file provides <ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">the good security with the performance</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)." msgstr "Comme la vérification de la signature cryptographique est un processus beaucoup plus consommateur de CPU que les calculs de sommes MD5, l’utilisation d'une somme MD5 pour chacun des paquets tout en utilisant une signature cryptographique pour le fichier « <literal>Release</literal> » de plus haut niveau allie <ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">une bonne sécurité avec de bonnes performances</ulink> (voir <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7806 msgid "Archive level \"Release\" files" msgstr "Fichiers « Release » au niveau de l’archive" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7808 msgid "The archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)." msgstr "Les fichiers « <literal>Release</literal> » au niveau de l’archive sont utilisés pour la règle d'<literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7810 msgid "There are archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files for all archive locations specified by \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\", such as \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" or \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" as follows." msgstr "Il y a des fichiers « <literal>Release</literal> » du niveau de l’archive pour tous les emplacements d’archives indiqués par une ligne « <literal>deb</literal> » dans « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » comme, par exemple, « <literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal> » ou « <literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal> » comme suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7811 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Archive: unstable\n" "Component: main\n" "Origin: Debian\n" "Label: Debian\n" "Architecture: amd64" msgstr "" "Archive: unstable\n" "Component: main\n" "Origin: Debian\n" "Label: Debian\n" "Architecture: amd64" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7817 msgid "For \"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" stanza, suite names (\"<literal>stable</literal>\", \"<literal>testing</literal>\", \"<literal>unstable</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> while codenames (\"<literal>dapper</literal>\", \"<literal>feisty</literal>\", \"<literal>gutsy</literal>\", \"<literal>hardy</literal>\", \"<literal>intrepid</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">the Ubuntu archive</ulink>." msgstr "Pour l’entrée « <literal>Archive:</literal> », les noms de version (« <literal>stable</literal> », « <literal>testing</literal> », « <literal>unstable</literal> », …) sont utilisés dans <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">l’archive Debian</ulink> alors que les noms de code (« <literal>dapper</literal>\", « <literal>feisty</literal> », « <literal>gutsy</literal> », « <literal>hardy</literal> », « <literal>intrepid</literal> », …) sont utilisés dans <ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;\">l’archive Ubuntu</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7819 msgid "For some archives, such as <literal>experimental</literal>, <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>, and <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>, which contain packages which should not be installed automatically, there is an extra line, e.g., \"<literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" as follows." msgstr "Pour certaines archives, comme <literal>experimental</literal>, <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>, et <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>, qui contiennent des paquets qui ne devraient pas être installés automatiquement, il y a une ligne supplémentaire, par exemple « <literal>http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal> » comme suit :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7820 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Archive: experimental\n" "Component: main\n" "Origin: Debian\n" "Label: Debian\n" "NotAutomatic: yes\n" "Architecture: amd64" msgstr "" "Archive: experimental\n" "Component: main\n" "Origin: Debian\n" "Label: Debian\n" "NotAutomatic: yes\n" "Architecture: amd64" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7826 msgid "Please note that for normal archives without \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 500, while for special archives with \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 1 (see <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)." msgstr "Remarquez que les archives normales, sans « <literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal> », la valeur par défaut de « Pin-Priority » est de 500, alors que pour les archives spéciales avec « <literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal> » la valeur par défaut de « Pin-Priority » est de 1 (voir <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5) et <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7829 msgid "Fetching of the meta data for the package" msgstr "Récupérer les méta-données d'un paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7830 msgid "When APT tools, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, <literal>apt-file</literal>, <literal>auto-apt</literal>…, are used, we need to update the local copies of the meta data containing the Debian archive information. These local copies have following file names corresponding to the specified <literal>distribution</literal>, <literal>area</literal>, and <literal>architecture</literal> names in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>)." msgstr "Lorsqu'on utilise les outils APT, comme <literal>aptitude</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, <literal>apt-file</literal>, <literal>auto-apt</literal>, …, il faut mettre à jour les copies locales des méta-données contenant les informations de l’archive Debian. Ces copies locales ont les noms suivants, qui correspondent aux noms de la <literal>distribution</literal>, de la <literal>zone</literal> et de l’<literal>architecture</literal> indiquées dans « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> » (voir <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7834 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_Release</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_Release</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7839 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_Release.gpg</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_Release.gpg</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7844 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_<area>_binary-<architecture>_Packages</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_<area>_binary-<architecture>_Packages</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7849 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_<area>_source_Sources</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_<area>_source_Sources</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7854 msgid "\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_Contents-<architecture>.gz</literal>\" (for <literal>apt-file</literal>)" msgstr "« <literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/ftp.us.debian.org_debian_dists_<distribution>_Contents-<architecture>.gz</literal> » (pour <literal>apt-file</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7858 msgid "First 4 types of files are shared by all the pertinent APT commands and updated from command line by \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\". The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\". The \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"." msgstr "Les quatre premiers types de fichiers sont partagés par toutes les commandes APT pertinentes et sont mis à jour depuis la ligne de commandes par « <literal>apt-get update</literal> » et « <literal>aptitude update</literal> ». Les méta-données « <literal>Packages</literal> » sont mises à jour s'il y a une ligne « <literal>deb</literal> » dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> ». Les méta-données « <literal>Sources</literal> » sont mises à jour s'il y a une ligne « <literal>deb-src</literal> » dans le fichier « <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7859 msgid "The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data contain \"<literal>Filename:</literal>\" stanza pointing to the file location of the binary and source packages. Currently, these packages are located under the \"<literal>pool/</literal>\" directory tree for the improved transition over the releases." msgstr "Les méta-données « <literal>Packages</literal> » et « <literal>Sources</literal> » contiennent une entrée « <literal>Filename:</literal> » pointant vers l’emplacement du paquet binaire et du paquet source. Actuellement, ces paquets sont situés dans l’arborescence du répertoire « <literal>pool/</literal> » afin d'améliorer le passage d'une version à l’autre." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7860 msgid "Local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data can be interactively searched with the help of <literal>aptitude</literal>. The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta data." msgstr "On peut effectuer des recherches interactivement dans les copies locales des méta-données « <literal>Packages</literal> » à l’aide d'<literal>aptitude</literal>. La commande de recherche spécialisée <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) peut effectuer des recherches dans les copies locales des méta-données « <literal>Packages</literal> » et « <literal>Sources</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7861 msgid "Local copy of \"<literal>Contents-<architecture></literal>\" meta data can be updated by \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" and its location is different from other 4 ones. See <literal>apt-file</literal>(1). (The <literal>auto-apt</literal> uses different location for local copy of \"<literal>Contents-<architecture>.gz</literal>\" as default.)" msgstr "La copie locale des méta-données « <literal>Contents-<architecture></literal> » peut être mise un jour par « <literal>apt-file update</literal> », son emplacement est différent des quatre autres. Voir <literal>apt-file</literal>(1). (<literal>auto-apt</literal> utilise par défaut un emplacement différent pour la copie locale de « <literal>Contents-<architecture>.gz</literal> »)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7864 msgid "The package state for APT" msgstr "État des paquets pour APT" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7865 msgid "In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the APT tool after <literal>lenny</literal> stores its locally generated installation state information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\" which is used by all APT tools to track all auto installed packages." msgstr "En plus des méta-données récupérées par téléchargement, l’outil APT des versions ultérieures à <literal>lenny</literal> enregistre l’état des l’installation généré localement dans « <literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal> » qui est utilisé par tous les outils APT afin de suivre tous les paquets installés automatiquement." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7868 msgid "The package state for aptitude" msgstr "État des paquets pour aptitude" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7869 msgid "In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the <literal>aptitude</literal> command stores its locally generated installation state information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\" which is used only by it." msgstr "En plus des méta-données récupérée par téléchargement, la commande <literal>aptitude</literal> enregistre l’état de l’installation généréelocalement dans « <literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal> » qu'il est le seul à utiliser." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7872 msgid "Local copies of the fetched packages" msgstr "Copies locales des paquets téléchargés" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7873 msgid "All the remotely fetched packages via APT mechanism are stored in the \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal>\" until they are cleaned." msgstr "Tous les paquets ayant été téléchargés au moyen du mécanisme APT sont enregistrés dans le répertoire « <literal>/var/cache/apt/packages</literal> » jusqu'à ce qu'ils en soient supprimés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7876 msgid "Debian package file names" msgstr "Nom de fichier d'un paquet Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7877 msgid "Debian package files have particular name structures." msgstr "Les fichiers de paquets Debian ont une structure de nom particulière." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7879 msgid "The name structure of Debian packages" msgstr "Structure du nom des paquets Debian :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7886 msgid "package type" msgstr "type de paquet" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7889 msgid "name structure" msgstr "structure du nom" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7896 msgid "The binary package (a.k.a <literal>deb</literal>)" msgstr "Paquet binaire (encore appelé <literal>deb</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7899 msgid "<literal><package-name>_<epoch>:<upstream-version>-<debian.version>-<architecture>.deb</literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet>_<epoch>:<version_amont>-<version_debian>-<architecture>.deb</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7904 msgid "The binary package (a.k.a <literal>udeb</literal>)" msgstr "Paquet binaire (encore appelé <literal>udeb</literal>)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7907 msgid "<literal><package-name>_<epoch>:<upstream-version>-<debian.version>-<architecture>.udeb</literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet>_<epoch>:<version_amont>-<version_debian>-<architecture>.udeb</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7912 msgid "The source package (upstream source)" msgstr "paquet source (source amont)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7915 msgid "<literal><package-name>_<epoch>:<upstream-version>-<debian.version>.orig.tar.gz</literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet>_<epoch>:<version_amont>-<version_debian>.orig.tar.gz</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7920 msgid "The <literal>1.0</literal> source package (Debian changes)" msgstr "Paquet source <literal>1.0</literal> (modifications Debian)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7923 msgid "<literal><package-name>_<epoch>:<upstream-version>-<debian.version>.diff.gz</literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet>_<epoch>:<version_amont>-<version_debian>.diff.gz</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7928 msgid "The <literal>3.0 (quilt)</literal> source package (Debian changes)" msgstr "Paquet source <literal>3.0 (quilt)</literal> (modifications Debian)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7931 msgid "<literal><package-name>_<epoch>:<upstream-version>-<debian.version>.debian.tar.gz</literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet>_<epoch>:<version_amont>-<version_debian>.debian.tar.gz</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7936 msgid "The source package (description)" msgstr "paquet source (description)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7939 msgid "<literal><package-name>_<epoch>:<upstream-version>-<debian.version>.dsc</literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet>_<epoch>:<version_amont>-<version_debian>.dsc</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7946 msgid "Here only the basic source package formats are described. See more on <literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1)." msgstr "Seuls les formats de paquets source de base sont décrits ici. Voir <literal>dpkg-source</literal>(1) pour davantage d’informations." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7949 msgid "The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names" msgstr "Caractères utilisables pour chacune des composantes des noms de paquets Debian" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7957 msgid "name component" msgstr "nom de la composante" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7960 msgid "usable characters (regex)" msgstr "caractères utilisables (expression rationnelle)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7963 msgid "existence" msgstr "existence" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7970 msgid "<literal><package-name></literal>" msgstr "<literal><nom_paquet></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7973 msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-]</literal></literal>" msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-]</literal></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7976 debian-reference.en.xmlt:7998 msgid "required" msgstr "nécessaire" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7981 msgid "<literal><epoch>:</literal>" msgstr "<literal><epoch>:</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7984 msgid "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>" msgstr "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7987 debian-reference.en.xmlt:8009 msgid "optional" msgstr "optionnel" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7992 msgid "<literal><upstream-version></literal>" msgstr "<literal><version_amont></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:7995 msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>" msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,-,:]</literal></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8003 msgid "<literal><debian.version></literal>" msgstr "<literal><version_debian></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8006 msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>" msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,<literal>,~]</literal></literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8016 msgid "You can check package version order by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), e.g., \"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\" ." msgstr "Vous pouvez vérifier l’ordre des versions d'un paquet à l’aide de <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), par exemple, « <literal>dpkg --compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8019 msgid "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">The debian-installer (d-i)</ulink> uses <literal>udeb</literal> as the file extension for its binary package instead of normal <literal>deb</literal>. An <literal>udeb</literal> package is a stripped down <literal>deb</literal> package which removes few non-essential contents such as documentation to save space while relaxing the package policy requirements. Both <literal>deb</literal> and <literal>udeb</literal> packages share the same package structure. The \"<literal>u</literal>\" stands for micro." msgstr "<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">L’installateur Debian (d-i)</ulink> utilise <literal>udeb</literal> comme extension du nom de fichier de ses paquets binaires plutôt que le <literal>deb</literal> normal. Un paquet <literal>udeb</literal> est un paquet <literal>deb</literal> allégé dont certaines parties non essentielles du contenu, comme la documentation, sont supprimées afin d'économiser de la place en relâchant les exigences de la charte des paquets. Les paquet <literal>deb</literal> et <literal>udeb</literal> partagent la même structure de paquet. Le « <literal>u</literal> » signifie micro." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8023 msgid "The dpkg command" msgstr "La commande dpkg" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8024 msgid "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) is the lowest level tool for the Debian package management. This is very powerful and needs to be used with care." msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal>(1) est l’outil de plus bas niveau pour la gestion des paquets de Debian. C'est un outil très puissant et il faut l’utiliser avec précaution." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8025 msgid "While installing package called \"<literal><package_name></literal>\", <literal>dpkg</literal> process it in the following order." msgstr "Lors de l’installation d'un paquet appelé « <literal><nom_paquet></literal> », <literal>dpkg</literal> le traite selon l’ordre suivant :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8029 msgid "Unpack the deb file (\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\" equivalent)" msgstr "dépaquetage du fichier deb (équivalent à « <literal>ar -x</literal> ») ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8034 msgid "Execute \"<literal><package_name>.preinst</literal>\" using <literal>debconf</literal>(1)" msgstr "exécution de « <literal><nom_paquet>.preinst</literal> » en utilisant <literal>debconf</literal>(1) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8039 msgid "Install the package content to the system (\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\" equivalent)" msgstr "installation du contenu du paquet sur le système (équivalent à « <literal>tar -x</literal> » ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8044 msgid "Execute \"<literal><package_name>.postinst</literal>\" using <literal>debconf</literal>(1)" msgstr "exécution de « <literal><nom_paquet>.postinst</literal> » en utilisant <literal>debconf</literal>(1)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8048 msgid "The <literal>debconf</literal> system provides standardized user interaction with I18N and L10N (<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>) supports." msgstr "Le système <literal>debconf</literal> fournit une interaction standardisée avec l’utilisateur avec la prise en charge de I18N and L10N (<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8050 msgid "The notable files created by <literal>dpkg</literal>" msgstr "Fichiers particuliers créés par <literal>dpkg</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8060 msgid "description of contents" msgstr "description du contenu" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8067 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.conffiles</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.conffiles</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8070 msgid "list of configuration files. (user modifiable)" msgstr "liste de fichiers de configuration. (modifiables par l’utilisateur)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8075 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.list</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.list</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8078 msgid "list of files and directories installed by the package" msgstr "liste des fichiers et répertoires installés par le paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8083 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.md5sums</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.md5sums</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8086 msgid "list of MD5 hash values for files installed by the package" msgstr "liste des valeurs de hachage MD5 pour les fichiers installés par le paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8091 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.preinst</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.preinst</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8094 msgid "package script run before the package installation" msgstr "script du paquet exécuté avant l’installation du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8099 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.postinst</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.postinst</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8102 msgid "package script run after the package installation" msgstr "script du paquet exécuté après l’installation du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8107 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.prerm</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.prerm</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8110 msgid "package script run before the package removal" msgstr "script du paquet exécuté avant la suppression du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8115 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.postrm</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.postrm</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8118 msgid "package script run after the package removal" msgstr "script du paquet exécuté après la suppression du paquet" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8123 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.config</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.config</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8126 msgid "package script for <literal>debconf</literal> system" msgstr "script du paquet pour le système <literal>debconf</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8131 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/<package_name></literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/<nom_paquet></literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8134 msgid "the alternative information used by the <literal>update-alternatives</literal> command" msgstr "information d'alternative utilisé par la commande <literal>update-alternatives</literal> command" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8139 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8142 msgid "the availability information for all the package" msgstr "information de disponibilité de tous les paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8147 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8150 msgid "the diversions information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set by`dpkg-divert`(8)" msgstr "informations de diversions utilisées par <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) et définies par `dpkg-divert`(8)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8155 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8158 msgid "the stat override information used by <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) and set by`dpkg-statoverride`(8)" msgstr "information « stat override » utilisée par <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) et définie par `dpkg-statoverride`(8)" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8163 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8166 msgid "the status information for all the packages" msgstr "informations d'état pour tous les paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8171 msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8174 msgid "the first-generation backup of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file" msgstr "fichier de sauvegarde de première génération du fichier « <literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8179 msgid "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>" msgstr "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8182 msgid "the second-generation backup and older ones of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file" msgstr "fichier de sauvegarde de seconde génération du fichier « <literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8188 msgid "The \"<literal>status</literal>\" file is also used by the tools such as <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), \"<literal>dselect update</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"." msgstr "Le fichier « <literal>status</literal> » est aussi utilisé par des outils comme <literal>dpkg</literal>(1), « <literal>dselect update</literal> » et « <literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal> »." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8189 msgid "The specialized search command <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) can search the local copies of \"<literal>status</literal>\" and \"<literal>available</literal>\" meta data." msgstr "La commande de recherche spécialisée <literal>grep-dctrl</literal>(1) peut rechercher des copies locales des méta-données « <literal>status</literal> » et « <literal>available</literal> »" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8191 msgid "In <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the debian-installer</ulink> environment, the <literal>udpkg</literal> command is used to open <literal>udeb</literal> packages. The <literal>udpkg</literal> command is a stripped down version of the <literal>dpkg</literal> command." msgstr "Dans l’environnement de <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">l’installateur debian</ulink>, la commande <literal>udpkg</literal> est utilisée pour ouvrir les paquets <literal>udeb</literal>. La commande <literal>udpkg</literal> est une version allégée de la commande <literal>dpkg</literal>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8195 msgid "The update-alternative command" msgstr "Commande update-alternative" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8196 msgid "The Debian system has mechanism to install somewhat overlapping programs peacefully using <literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8). For example, you can make the <literal>vi</literal> command select to run <literal>vim</literal> while installing both <literal>vim</literal> and <literal>nvi</literal> packages." msgstr "Le système Debian possède un mécanisme pour installer paisiblement des paquets qui présentent un certain recouvrement en utilisant <literal>update-alternatives</literal>(8). Par exemple, vous pouvez faire que la commande <literal>vi</literal> choisisse de lancer <literal>vim</literal> alors que les paquets <literal>vim</literal> et <literal>nvi</literal> sont tous deux installés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8197 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n" "lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi\n" "$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n" "...\n" "$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n" " Selection Command\n" " ----------------------------------------------\n" " 1 /usr/bin/vim\n" "*+ 2 /usr/bin/nvi\n" "\n" "Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1" msgstr "" "$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n" "lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi\n" "$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n" "...\n" "$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n" " Selection Command\n" " ----------------------------------------------\n" " 1 /usr/bin/vim\n" "*+ 2 /usr/bin/nvi\n" "\n" "Appuyez sur <Entrée> pour conserver la valeur par défaut[*] ou choisissez le numéro sélectionné :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8208 msgid "The Debian alternatives system keeps its selection as symlinks in \"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\". The selection process uses corresponding file in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"." msgstr "Le système d'alternatives de Debian utilise des liens symboliques dans « <literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal> » pour enregistrer ses sélections. Le processus de sélection utilise le fichier correspondant de « <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8211 msgid "The dpkg-statoverride command" msgstr "Commande dpkg-statoverride" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8212 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Stat overrides</emphasis> provided by the <literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8) command are a way to tell <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) to use a different owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> when a package is installed. If \"<literal>--update</literal>\" is specified and file exists, it is immediately set to the new owner and mode." msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Stat overrides</emphasis>, fournie par la commande <literal>dpkg-statoverride</literal>(8) est un moyen d'indiquer à <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) d'utiliser un propriétaire ou un mode différent pour un <emphasis role=\"strong\">fichier</emphasis> lorsqu'un paquet est installé. Si « <literal>--update</literal> » est indiqué et que le fichier existe, il est immédiatement configuré avec le nouveau propriétaire et le nouveau mode." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8214 msgid "The direct alteration of owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> owned by the package using <literal>chmod</literal> or <literal>chown</literal> commands by the system administrator is reset by the next upgrade of the package." msgstr "Une modification directe par l’administrateur du propriétaire ou du mode d'un <emphasis role=\"strong\">fichier</emphasis> dont le propriétaire est le paquet en utilisant les commandes <literal>chmod</literal> ou <literal>chown</literal> sera réinitialisée lors d'une nouvelle mise à niveau du paquet." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8217 msgid "I use the word <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> here, but in reality this can be any filesystem object that <literal>dpkg</literal> handles, including directories, devices, etc." msgstr "J'utilise ici le mot <emphasis role=\"strong\">fichier</emphasis>, mais en réalité, ce peut être n'importe quel objet d'un système de fichiers que gère <literal>dpkg</literal>, y-compris les répertoires, les périphériques, etc." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8221 msgid "The dpkg-divert command" msgstr "Commande dpkg-divert" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8222 msgid "File <emphasis role=\"strong\">diversions</emphasis> provided by the <literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8) command are a way of forcing <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) not to install a file into its default location, but to a <emphasis role=\"strong\">diverted</emphasis> location. The use of <literal>dpkg-divert</literal> is meant for the package maintenance scripts. Its casual use by the system administrator is deprecated." msgstr "Les fichiers <emphasis role=\"strong\">diversions</emphasis> fournis par la commande <literal>dpkg-divert</literal>(8) sont un moyen de forcer <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) à ne pas installer un fichier à son emplacement par défaut, mais à un emplacement <emphasis role=\"strong\">détourné</emphasis> (« diverted »). L’utilisation de <literal>dpkg-divert</literal> est destinée à la maintenance de paquets par des scripts. Son utilisation occasionnelle par l’administrateur du système est obsolète." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8226 msgid "Recovery from a broken system" msgstr "Récupérer un système cassé" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8227 msgid "When running <literal>unstable</literal> system, the administrator is expected to recover from broken package management situation." msgstr "En utilisant le système <literal>unstable</literal>, l’administrateur peut avoir à restaurer le système à partir d'une situation où la gestion des paquets est défectueuse." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8229 msgid "Some methods described here are high risk actions. You have been warned!" msgstr "Certaines des méthodes décrites ici sont des actions très risquées. Vous avez été prévenu !" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8232 msgid "Incompatibility with old user configuration" msgstr "Incompatibilité avec une ancienne configuration de l’utilisateur" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8233 msgid "If a desktop GUI program experienced instability after significant upstream version upgrade, you should suspect interferences with old local configuration files created by it. If it is stable under newly created user account, this hypothesis is confirmed. (This is a bug of packaging and usually avoided by the packager.)" msgstr "Si un programme avec une interface graphique présente une instabilité après une mise à niveau amont importante, vous devriez songer à des interférences avec les anciens fichiers de configurations locaux qu'il avait créé. S'il est stable avec un compte d'utilisateur fraîchement créé, cette hypothèse est confirmée. (C'est un bogue de réalisation du paquet et c'est le plus souvent évité par le responsable du paquet)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8234 msgid "To recover stability, you should move corresponding local configuration files and restart the GUI program. You may need to read old configuration file contents to recover configuration information later. (Do not erase them too quickly.)" msgstr "Pour retrouver la stabilité, vous devrez déplacer les fichiers de configuration locaux et redémarrer le programme ayant une interface graphique. Il vous faudra peut-être lire le contenu de l’ancien fichier de configuration pour retrouver plus tard vos informations de configuration. (Ne les effacez pas trop rapidement)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8237 msgid "Different packages with overlapped files" msgstr "Différents paquets ayant des fichiers communs" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8238 msgid "Archive level package management systems, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1), do not even try to install packages with overlapped files using package dependencies (see <xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)." msgstr "Les système de gestion d'archive au niveau du paquet, tels qu'<literal>aptitude</literal>(8) ou <literal>apt-get</literal>(1) ne tenteront même pas, grâce aux dépendances des paquets, d'installer des paquet ayant des fichiers qui se superposent (voir <xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8239 msgid "Errors by the package maintainer or deployment of inconsistently mixed source of archives (see <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) by the system administrator may create situation with incorrectly defined package dependencies. When you install a package with overlapped files using <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) or <literal>apt-get</literal>(1) under such situation, <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) which unpacks package ensures to return error to the calling program without overwriting existing files." msgstr "Des erreurs du responsable du paquet ou le déploiement de sources d'archives mélangées et incohérentes (voir <xref linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) par l’administrateur du système peuvent créer une situation où les dépendances des paquets sont décrites de manière incorrecte. Lorsque, dans une telle situation, vous installez un paquet qui écrase des fichiers en utilisant <literal>aptitude</literal>(8) ou <literal>apt-get</literal>(1), <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) qui dépaquette le paquet va retourner une erreur au programme appelant sans écraser les fichiers existants." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8241 msgid "The use of third party packages introduces significant system risks via maintainer scripts which are run with root privilege and can do anything to your system. The <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) command only protects against overwriting by the unpacking." msgstr "L’utilisation de programmes tierce partie introduit un risque significatif par l’intermédiaire des scripts du responsable qui sont lancés avec les privilèges de l’administrateur et peuvent effectuer n'importe quoi sur votre système. La commande <literal>dpkg</literal>(1) ne protège que contre l’écrasement des fichiers lors du dépaquetage." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8243 msgid "You can work around such broken installation by removing the old offending package, <literal><old-package></literal>, first." msgstr "Vous pouvez contourner un tel problème d'installation cassée en supprimant d'abord l’ancien paquet, <literal><ancien_paquet></literal>, qui pose des problèmes." # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8244 #, no-wrap msgid "$ sudo dpkg -P <old-package>" msgstr "$ sudo dpkg -P <ancien_paquet>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8247 msgid "Fixing broken package script" msgstr "Corriger les scripts cassés des paquets" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8248 msgid "When a command in the package script returns error for some reason and the script exits with error, the package management system aborts their action and ends up with partially installed packages. When a package contains bugs in its removal scripts, the package may become impossible to remove and quite nasty." msgstr "Lorsqu'une commande dans le script du paquet retourne une erreur pour une raison quelconque et que le script retourne une erreur, le système de gestion des paquets arrête son action et se termine en laissant des paquets partiellement installés. Lorsqu'un paquet comporte des bogues dans les scripts de suppression, le paquet peut devenir impossible à supprimer et assez déplaisant." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8249 msgid "For the package script problem of \"<literal><package_name></literal>\", you should look into following package scripts." msgstr "Pour les problèmes avec le script de paquet de « <literal><nom_paquet></literal> », il vous faudra regarder dans les scripts du paquet suivants :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8253 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.preinst</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.preinst</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8258 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.postinst</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.postinst</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8263 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.prerm</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.prerm</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8268 msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<package_name>.postrm</literal>\"" msgstr "« <literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/<nom_paquet>.postrm</literal> »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8272 msgid "Edit the offending package script from the root using following techniques." msgstr "Éditez le script du paquet posant problème avec le compte de l’administrateur en utilisant les techniques suivantes :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8276 msgid "disable the offending line by preceding \"<literal>#</literal>\"" msgstr "désactiver la ligne posant problème avec un « <literal>#</literal> » en tête de ligne ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8281 msgid "force to return success by appending the offending line with \"<literal>|| true</literal>\"" msgstr "forcer un retour avec succès en ajoutant à la fin de la ligne qui pose problème « <literal>|| true</literal> »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><simpara> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8285 msgid "Configure all partially installed packages with the following command." msgstr "Configurez tous les paquets partiellement installés à l’aide de la commande suivante :" # type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen> #: debian-reference.en.xmlt:8286 #, no-w