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revision 7511 by osamu, Sat Aug 28 00:36:45 2010 UTC revision 7557 by osamu, Wed Sep 8 14:31:00 2010 UTC
# Line 4857  The 3rd and following arguments are the Line 4857  The 3rd and following arguments are the
4857          <table pgwide="0" frame="topbot" rowsep="1" colsep="1">          <table pgwide="0" frame="topbot" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
4858            <title>List of Debian archive sites</title>            <title>List of Debian archive sites</title>
4859            <tgroup cols="3">            <tgroup cols="3">
4860              <colspec colwidth="483pt" align="left"/>              <colspec colwidth="504pt" align="left"/>
4861              <colspec colwidth="211pt" align="left"/>              <colspec colwidth="211pt" align="left"/>
4862              <colspec colwidth="103pt" align="left"/>              <colspec colwidth="103pt" align="left"/>
4863              <thead>              <thead>
# Line 4972  The 3rd and following arguments are the Line 4972  The 3rd and following arguments are the
4972                </row>                </row>
4973                <row>                <row>
4974                  <entry>                  <entry>
4975                    <ulink url="http://backports.org/debian/">http://backports.org/debian/</ulink>                    <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/">http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/</ulink>
4976                  </entry>                  </entry>
4977                  <entry>                  <entry>
4978                    <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal>                    <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal>
4979                  </entry>                  </entry>
4980                  <entry>                  <entry>
4981      newer backported packages for @-@codename-stable@-@ (non-official, optional)      newer backported packages for @-@codename-stable@-@ (official, optional)
4982      </entry>      </entry>
4983                </row>                </row>
4984              </tbody>              </tbody>
4985            </tgroup>            </tgroup>
4986          </table>          </table>
4987          <caution>          <caution>
4988            <simpara>Only pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role="strong"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release for library version mismatch etc.  If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend="_volatile_and_backports_org"/>) services.  These services must be used with extra care.</simpara>            <simpara>Only pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role="strong"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release for library version mismatch etc.  If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">http://backports.debian.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend="_volatile_and_backports"/>) services.  These services must be used with extra care.</simpara>
4989          </caution>          </caution>
4990          <caution>          <caution>
4991            <simpara>You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line.  If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple listing makes sense for these when the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend="_tweaking_candidate_version"/>).</simpara>            <simpara>You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line.  If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple listing makes sense for these when the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend="_tweaking_candidate_version"/>).</simpara>
# Line 8061  The Pin-Priority value associated just w Line 8061  The Pin-Priority value associated just w
8061            </listitem>            </listitem>
8062            <listitem>            <listitem>
8063              <simpara>              <simpara>
8064  The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as "<literal>Package: *</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file) are listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., "<literal>200 http://backports.org etch-backports/main Packages</literal>".  The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as "<literal>Package: *</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file) are listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., "<literal>200 http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/ @-@codename-stable@-@-backports/main Packages</literal>".
8065  </simpara>  </simpara>
8066            </listitem>            </listitem>
8067          </itemizedlist>          </itemizedlist>
# Line 8114  deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ exp Line 8114  deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ exp
8114  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib</screen>  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib</screen>
8115          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use <literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track particular packages in it automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use <literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track particular packages in it automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>
8116        </section>        </section>
8117        <section id="_volatile_and_backports_org">        <section id="_volatile_and_backports">
8118          <title>Volatile and Backports.org</title>          <title>Volatile and Backports</title>
8119          <simpara>There are <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>.</simpara>          <simpara>There are <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">backports.debian.org</ulink> archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>.</simpara>
8120          <warning>          <warning>
8121            <simpara>Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits your needs.</simpara>            <simpara>Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits your needs.</simpara>
8122          </warning>          </warning>
8123          <caution>          <caution>
           <simpara><ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> is a non-Debian archive, although its packages are signed by Debian developers.</simpara>  
         </caution>  
         <caution>  
8124            <simpara>Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with "code" name for <ulink url="http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/">volatile Debian archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For example, you can do "<literal>Pin: release a=@-@codename-stable@-@</literal>" but can not do "<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file for volatile Debian archives.</simpara>            <simpara>Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with "code" name for <ulink url="http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/">volatile Debian archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For example, you can do "<literal>Pin: release a=@-@codename-stable@-@</literal>" but can not do "<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file for volatile Debian archives.</simpara>
8125          </caution>          </caution>
8126          <simpara>Here is an example of <emphasis role="strong">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> while tracking <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You list all required archives in the "<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>" file as the following.</simpara>          <simpara>Here is an example of <emphasis role="strong">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> while tracking <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You list all required archives in the "<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>" file as the following.</simpara>
# Line 8131  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/ Line 8128  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/
8128  deb http://security.debian.org/ @-@codename-stable@-@/updates main contrib  deb http://security.debian.org/ @-@codename-stable@-@/updates main contrib
8129  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile main contrib non-free  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile main contrib non-free
8130  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free
8131  deb http://backports.org/debian/ @-@codename-stable@-@-backports main contrib non-free</screen>  deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/ @-@codename-stable@-@-backports main contrib non-free</screen>
8132          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archives are always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since they are <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use for <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">backports.debian.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archives are always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since they are <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use for <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">backports.debian.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>
8133          <simpara>So whenever you wish to install a package named "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>" with its dependency from <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> archive, you use following command while switching target release with "<literal>-t</literal>" option.</simpara>          <simpara>So whenever you wish to install a package named "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>" with its dependency from <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> archive, you use following command while switching target release with "<literal>-t</literal>" option.</simpara>
8134          <screen>$ sudo apt-get install -t @-@codename-stable@-@-backports &lt;package-name&gt;</screen>          <screen>$ sudo apt-get install -t @-@codename-stable@-@-backports &lt;package-name&gt;</screen>
8135          <simpara>If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file and explicitly lists all packages in it as the following.</simpara>          <simpara>If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file and explicitly lists all packages in it as the following.</simpara>
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