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revision 7449 by osamu, Sat Jul 31 12:29:55 2010 UTC revision 7557 by osamu, Wed Sep 8 14:31:00 2010 UTC
# Line 4857  The 3rd and following arguments are the Line 4857  The 3rd and following arguments are the
4857          <table pgwide="0" frame="topbot" rowsep="1" colsep="1">          <table pgwide="0" frame="topbot" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
4858            <title>List of Debian archive sites</title>            <title>List of Debian archive sites</title>
4859            <tgroup cols="3">            <tgroup cols="3">
4860              <colspec colwidth="483pt" align="left"/>              <colspec colwidth="504pt" align="left"/>
4861              <colspec colwidth="211pt" align="left"/>              <colspec colwidth="211pt" align="left"/>
4862              <colspec colwidth="103pt" align="left"/>              <colspec colwidth="103pt" align="left"/>
4863              <thead>              <thead>
# Line 4972  The 3rd and following arguments are the Line 4972  The 3rd and following arguments are the
4972                </row>                </row>
4973                <row>                <row>
4974                  <entry>                  <entry>
4975                    <ulink url="http://backports.org/debian/">http://backports.org/debian/</ulink>                    <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/">http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/</ulink>
4976                  </entry>                  </entry>
4977                  <entry>                  <entry>
4978                    <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal>                    <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal>
4979                  </entry>                  </entry>
4980                  <entry>                  <entry>
4981      newer backported packages for @-@codename-stable@-@ (non-official, optional)      newer backported packages for @-@codename-stable@-@ (official, optional)
4982      </entry>      </entry>
4983                </row>                </row>
4984              </tbody>              </tbody>
4985            </tgroup>            </tgroup>
4986          </table>          </table>
4987          <caution>          <caution>
4988            <simpara>Only pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role="strong"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release for library version mismatch etc.  If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend="_volatile_and_backports_org"/>) services.  These services must be used with extra care.</simpara>            <simpara>Only pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed with some packages from <emphasis role="strong"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role="strong"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release for library version mismatch etc.  If you really need the latest version of some programs under <emphasis role="strong"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">the debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">http://backports.debian.org</ulink> (see <xref linkend="_volatile_and_backports"/>) services.  These services must be used with extra care.</simpara>
4989          </caution>          </caution>
4990          <caution>          <caution>
4991            <simpara>You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line.  If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple listing makes sense for these when the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend="_tweaking_candidate_version"/>).</simpara>            <simpara>You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line.  If you list any combination of <literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "<literal>deb</literal>" line, APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple listing makes sense for these when the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend="_tweaking_candidate_version"/>).</simpara>
# Line 5583  $ mc</screen> Line 5583  $ mc</screen>
5583            </listitem>            </listitem>
5584          </itemizedlist>          </itemizedlist>
5585          <note>          <note>
5586            <simpara>Although the <literal>aptitude</literal> command comes with rich features such as its enhanced package resolver, this complexity had caused (or may still causes) some regressions such as <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/411123">Bug #411123</ulink>, <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/514930">Bug #514930</ulink>, and <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/570377">Bug #570377</ulink>.  In case of doubts, please use the <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> commands over the <literal>aptitude</literal> command.</simpara>            <simpara>Although the <literal>aptitude</literal> command comes with rich features such as its enhanced package resolver, this complexity has caused (or may still causes) some regressions such as <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/411123">Bug #411123</ulink>, <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/514930">Bug #514930</ulink>, and <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/570377">Bug #570377</ulink>.  In case of doubt, please use the <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> commands over the <literal>aptitude</literal> command.</simpara>
5587          </note>          </note>
5588        </section>        </section>
5589        <section id="_basic_package_management_operations_with_the_commandline">        <section id="_basic_package_management_operations_with_the_commandline">
# Line 5753  $ mc</screen> Line 5753  $ mc</screen>
5753              </tbody>              </tbody>
5754            </tgroup>            </tgroup>
5755          </table>          </table>
5756            <note>
5757              <simpara>Since <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>aptitude</literal> share auto-installed package status (see <xref linkend="_the_package_state_for_apt"/>) after <literal>lenny</literal>, you can mix these tools without major troubles (see <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org/594490">Bug #594490</ulink>).</simpara>
5758            </note>
5759          <simpara>The difference between "<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>"/"<literal>upgrade</literal>" and "<literal>full-upgrade</literal>"/"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>" only appears when new versions of packages stand in different dependency relationships from old versions of those packages.  The "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>" command does not install new packages nor remove installed packages.</simpara>          <simpara>The difference between "<literal>safe-upgrade</literal>"/"<literal>upgrade</literal>" and "<literal>full-upgrade</literal>"/"<literal>dist-upgrade</literal>" only appears when new versions of packages stand in different dependency relationships from old versions of those packages.  The "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>" command does not install new packages nor remove installed packages.</simpara>
5760          <simpara>The "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>" can list more information by "<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>".  Similar information can be obtained by "<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>".</simpara>          <simpara>The "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>" can list more information by "<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>".  Similar information can be obtained by "<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>".</simpara>
5761          <simpara>When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full screen interactive mode by pressing "<literal>e</literal>"-key later at the prompt.</simpara>          <simpara>When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full screen interactive mode by pressing "<literal>e</literal>"-key later at the prompt.</simpara>
# Line 7014  Run the "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</ Line 7017  Run the "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</
7017      set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information      set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information
7018      </entry>      </entry>
7019                </row>                </row>
7020                  <row>
7021                    <entry>
7022                      <literal>echo &lt;package_name&gt; hold | dpkg --set-selection</literal>
7023                    </entry>
7024                    <entry>
7025        set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state for a package to <emphasis role="strong">hold</emphasis>  (equivalent to "<literal>aptitude hold &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>")
7026        </entry>
7027                  </row>
7028              </tbody>              </tbody>
7029            </tgroup>            </tgroup>
7030          </table>          </table>
# Line 8050  The Pin-Priority value associated just w Line 8061  The Pin-Priority value associated just w
8061            </listitem>            </listitem>
8062            <listitem>            <listitem>
8063              <simpara>              <simpara>
8064  The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as "<literal>Package: *</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file) are listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., "<literal>200 http://backports.org etch-backports/main Packages</literal>".  The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as "<literal>Package: *</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file) are listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., "<literal>200 http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/ @-@codename-stable@-@-backports/main Packages</literal>".
8065  </simpara>  </simpara>
8066            </listitem>            </listitem>
8067          </itemizedlist>          </itemizedlist>
# Line 8103  deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ exp Line 8114  deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ exp
8114  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib</screen>  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib</screen>
8115          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use <literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track particular packages in it automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use <literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track particular packages in it automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>
8116        </section>        </section>
8117        <section id="_volatile_and_backports_org">        <section id="_volatile_and_backports">
8118          <title>Volatile and Backports.org</title>          <title>Volatile and Backports</title>
8119          <simpara>There are <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>.</simpara>          <simpara>There are <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/volatile/">debian-volatile project</ulink> and <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">backports.debian.org</ulink> archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal>.</simpara>
8120          <warning>          <warning>
8121            <simpara>Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits your needs.</simpara>            <simpara>Do not use all packages available in the <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archives such as <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal>.  Use only selected packages which fits your needs.</simpara>
8122          </warning>          </warning>
8123          <caution>          <caution>
           <simpara><ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> is a non-Debian archive, although its packages are signed by Debian developers.</simpara>  
         </caution>  
         <caution>  
8124            <simpara>Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with "code" name for <ulink url="http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/">volatile Debian archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For example, you can do "<literal>Pin: release a=@-@codename-stable@-@</literal>" but can not do "<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file for volatile Debian archives.</simpara>            <simpara>Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>) are used for the rule of <literal>apt_preferences</literal>(5).  Thus apt-pinning works only with "code" name for <ulink url="http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/dists/">volatile Debian archives</ulink>. This is different from other Debian archives.  For example, you can do "<literal>Pin: release a=@-@codename-stable@-@</literal>" but can not do "<literal>Pin: release a=stable</literal>" in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file for volatile Debian archives.</simpara>
8125          </caution>          </caution>
8126          <simpara>Here is an example of <emphasis role="strong">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> while tracking <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You list all required archives in the "<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>" file as the following.</simpara>          <simpara>Here is an example of <emphasis role="strong">apt-pinning</emphasis> technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> while tracking <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@</literal> and <literal>volatile</literal>.  You list all required archives in the "<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>" file as the following.</simpara>
# Line 8120  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/ Line 8128  deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/
8128  deb http://security.debian.org/ @-@codename-stable@-@/updates main contrib  deb http://security.debian.org/ @-@codename-stable@-@/updates main contrib
8129  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile main contrib non-free  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile main contrib non-free
8130  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free  deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile/ @-@codename-stable@-@/volatile-sloppy main contrib non-free
8131  deb http://backports.org/debian/ @-@codename-stable@-@-backports main contrib non-free</screen>  deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/ @-@codename-stable@-@-backports main contrib non-free</screen>
8132          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archives are always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since they are <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use for <ulink url="http://backports.org">backports.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>          <simpara>The default Pin-Priority value for <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">backports.debian.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archives are always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since they are <emphasis role="strong">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="_archive_level_release_files"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file just to use for <ulink url="http://backports.debian.org">backports.debian.org</ulink> and <literal>volatile-sloppy</literal> archive unless you wish to track packages automatically for next upgrading.</simpara>
8133          <simpara>So whenever you wish to install a package named "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>" with its dependency from <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> archive, you use following command while switching target release with "<literal>-t</literal>" option.</simpara>          <simpara>So whenever you wish to install a package named "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>" with its dependency from <literal>@-@codename-stable@-@-backports</literal> archive, you use following command while switching target release with "<literal>-t</literal>" option.</simpara>
8134          <screen>$ sudo apt-get install -t @-@codename-stable@-@-backports &lt;package-name&gt;</screen>          <screen>$ sudo apt-get install -t @-@codename-stable@-@-backports &lt;package-name&gt;</screen>
8135          <simpara>If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file and explicitly lists all packages in it as the following.</simpara>          <simpara>If you wish to upgrade particular packages, you must create the "<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>" file and explicitly lists all packages in it as the following.</simpara>
# Line 11676  Reboot system. Line 11684  Reboot system.
11684        <section id="_the_domain_name">        <section id="_the_domain_name">
11685          <title>The domain name</title>          <title>The domain name</title>
11686          <simpara>The naming for the domain name is a tricky one for the normal PC workstation users.  The PC workstation may be mobile one hopping around the network or located behind the NAT firewall inaccessible from the Internet. For such case, you may not want the domain name to be a valid domain name to avoid name collision.</simpara>          <simpara>The naming for the domain name is a tricky one for the normal PC workstation users.  The PC workstation may be mobile one hopping around the network or located behind the NAT firewall inaccessible from the Internet. For such case, you may not want the domain name to be a valid domain name to avoid name collision.</simpara>
11687            <tip>
11688              <simpara>When you use an invalid domain name, you need to spoof the domain name used by some programs such as MTA for their proper operation.  See <xref linkend="_the_mail_address_configuration"/>.</simpara>
11689            </tip>
11690          <simpara>According to <ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2606">rfc2606</ulink>, "<literal>invalid</literal>" seems to be a choice for the <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain">top level domain (TLD)</ulink> to construct domain names that are sure to be invalid from the Internet.</simpara>          <simpara>According to <ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2606">rfc2606</ulink>, "<literal>invalid</literal>" seems to be a choice for the <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain">top level domain (TLD)</ulink> to construct domain names that are sure to be invalid from the Internet.</simpara>
11691          <simpara>The <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNS">mDNS</ulink> network discovery protocol (<ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonjour_(software)">Apple Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>, Avahi on Debian) uses <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local">"local"</ulink> as the <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink>.  <ulink url="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/296250">Microsoft also seems to promote "local" for the TLD of local area network</ulink>.</simpara>          <simpara>The <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNS">mDNS</ulink> network discovery protocol (<ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonjour_(software)">Apple Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>, Avahi on Debian) uses <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local">"local"</ulink> as the <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink>.  <ulink url="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/296250">Microsoft also seems to promote "local" for the TLD of local area network</ulink>.</simpara>
11692          <warning>          <warning>
# Line 18537  The filtered flat package list of the Tr Line 18548  The filtered flat package list of the Tr
18548      sans-serif      sans-serif
18549      </entry>      </entry>
18550                  <entry>                  <entry>
18551      gothic, ゴチック     hei,      gothic, ゴチック
18552      </entry>      </entry>
18553                  <entry>                  <entry>
18554      gothic       dodu      hei, gothic
18555      </entry>      </entry>
18556                  <entry>                  <entry>
18557      m, gulim, gothic      dodum, gulim, gothic
18558      </entry>      </entry>
18559                </row>                </row>
18560                <row>                <row>
# Line 18551  The filtered flat package list of the Tr Line 18562  The filtered flat package list of the Tr
18562      serif      serif
18563      </entry>      </entry>
18564                  <entry>                  <entry>
18565      mincho, 明朝         so      mincho, 明朝
18566      </entry>      </entry>
18567                  <entry>                  <entry>
18568      ng, ming        ba      song, ming
18569      </entry>      </entry>
18570                  <entry>                  <entry>
18571      tang      batang
18572      </entry>      </entry>
18573                </row>                </row>
18574              </tbody>              </tbody>
# Line 19589  Start IBus input method by CTRL-SPACE. Line 19600  Start IBus input method by CTRL-SPACE.
19600              <simpara><literal>im-config</literal>(8) behaves differently if command is executed from root or not.              <simpara><literal>im-config</literal>(8) behaves differently if command is executed from root or not.
19601  </simpara>  </simpara>
19602            </listitem>            </listitem>
19603              <listitem>
19604                <simpara><literal>im-config</literal>(8) enables the best input method on the system as default without any user actions.
19605    </simpara>
19606              </listitem>
19607              <listitem>
19608                <simpara>
19609    The GUI menu entry for <literal>im-config</literal>(8) is disable as default to prevent cluttering.
19610    </simpara>
19611              </listitem>
19612          </itemizedlist>          </itemizedlist>
19613        </section>        </section>
19614        <section id="_disabling_the_input_method">        <section id="_disabling_the_input_method">
# Line 28761  $ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1 Line 28781  $ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1
28781          <title>Work flow of Subversion</title>          <title>Work flow of Subversion</title>
28782          <simpara>Here is an example of typical work flow using Subversion with its native client.</simpara>          <simpara>Here is an example of typical work flow using Subversion with its native client.</simpara>
28783          <tip>          <tip>
28784            <simpara>Client commands offered by the &lt;package&gt;git-svn&lt;/package&gt; package may offer alternative work flow of Subversion using the &lt;prgn&gt;git&lt;/prgn&gt; command.  See <xref linkend="_git_for_the_subversion_repository"/>.</simpara>            <simpara>Client commands offered by the <literal>git-svn</literal> package may offer alternative work flow of Subversion using the <literal>git</literal> command.  See <xref linkend="_git_for_the_subversion_repository"/>.</simpara>
28785          </tip>          </tip>
28786          <simpara>Check all available modules from Subversion project pointed by URL "<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</literal>" by the following.</simpara>          <simpara>Check all available modules from Subversion project pointed by URL "<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</literal>" by the following.</simpara>
28787          <screen>$ svn list file:///srv/svn/project          <screen>$ svn list file:///srv/svn/project
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