quick-reference/asciidoc/00_preface.txt

== Preface

// vim: set sts=2 expandtab: 

// Special sections atarts with: "WARNING:" "CAUTION:" "NOTE:" "TIP:"

This http://people.debian.org/\~osamu/pub/getwiki/html/index.en.html[Debian Reference (version 2)] (@@@build-date@@@) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide.

The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU[GNU]/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux[Linux] system works.

=== Disclaimer

// The reason behind "Debian Reference" was : Debian may be KFreeBSD.  
// It has many BSD and other contribution.  
// This really document "Debian" things such as packaging and its network configuration middle layers.
// I as the lead author do not wish to make any political statement here either.
// Thus followings are commented out.
// For the sake of brevity, in this document Debian GNU/Linux is usually referred to as simply Debian.  ...

All warranties are disclaimed.  All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners.

The Debian system itself is a moving target.  This makes its documentation difficult to be current and correct.  Although the current unstable version of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may be already outdated by the time you read this.

Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in this document.

=== What is Debian

The http://www.debian.org[Debian Project] is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system.  It\'s distribution is characterized by:

- Commitment to the software freedom: http://www.debian.org/social_contract[Debian Social Contract and Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)].
- Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: http://www.debian.org
- Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares.
- Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates.
- Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with `unstable` and `testing` archives.
- Large number of supported hardware architectures.

Free Software pieces in Debian come from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU[GNU], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux[Linux], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution[BSD], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System[X], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium[ISC], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation[Apache], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript[Ghostscript], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System[Common Unix Printing System ], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)[Samba], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME[GNOME], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE[KDE], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla[Mozilla], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org[OpenOffice.org], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)[Vim], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX[TeX], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX[LaTeX], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook[DocBook], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl[Perl], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)[Python], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl[Tcl], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)[Java], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)[Ruby], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP[PHP], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB[Berkeley DB], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL[MySQL], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL[PostgreSQL], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim[Exim], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)[Postfix], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(e-mail_client)[Mutt], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD[FreeBSD], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD[OpenBSD], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs[Plan 9] and many more independent free software projects.  Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system.

=== About this document

==== Guiding rules

Following guiding rules were followed while compiling this document:

- don\'t explain in details what is well documented elsewhere (in the judgment of the author)
- Provide overview and skip corner cases (**Big Picture**)
- Keep It Short and Simple. (**KISS**)
- Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use **shell examples**)
- Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to **the existing references**)
- Be objective. (Use http://popcon.debian.org/[popcon] etc.)

TIP: I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system.

// Although I do not list these, this is for my own reminder
// * Make it release independent.
// * Make as modular as possible for easier maintenance.
// * Use scripts and examples to make the key content language independent.

==== Prerequisites

WARNING: You are expected to make good efforts to seek answers by yourself beyond this documentation.  This document only gives efficient starting points.
 
You are required to seek help from (in approximate order of importance, starting with the most important sources):

- the Debian site at http://www.debian.org for the general information,
- the documentation under the "`/usr/share/doc/<package_name>`" directory,
- the Unix style **manpage**: "`dpkg -L <package_name> |grep \'/man/man.\*/\'`",
- the GNU style **info page**: "`dpkg -L <package_name> |grep \'/info/\'`",
- the bug report: http://bugs.debian.org/[http://bugs.debian.org/<package_name>],
- the Debian Wiki at http://wiki.debian.org/ for the moving and specific topics,
- the HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at http://tldp.org/ ,
- the Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group\'s The UNIX System Home Page at http://www.unix.org/ , and
- the free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at http://wikipedia.org/.

NOTE: For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with "`-doc`" as its suffix.

==== Conventions

This document provides information through the following simplified presentation style with `bash`(1) shell command examples and bullets:

--------------------
# <command in root account>
$ <command in user account>
--------------------

- <description of action>

// some actions are written in imperative for their simplicity

These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set environment variables as: "`PS1=\'\$\'`" and "`PS2=\' \'`".  These values are chosen for the sake of readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system.

NOTE: See the meaning of the "`$PS1`" and "`$PS2`" environment variables in `bash`(1). 

A **command snippet** quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`aptitude safe-upgrade`".

A **text data** from a configuration file quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`deb-src`".

A **command** is referred by its name in the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as `bash`(1).  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:

--------------------
$ man 1 bash
--------------------

A **manpage** is referred by its name in the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as `sources.list`(5).   You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:

--------------------
$ man 5 sources.list 
--------------------

An **info page** is referred by its command snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`info make`".  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:

--------------------
$ info make 
--------------------

A **filename** is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`/etc/passwd`".  For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain information by typing:

--------------------
$ sensible-pager "/etc/passwd"
--------------------

A **directory name** is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`/etc/init.d/`".  You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing:

--------------------
$ mc "/etc/init.d/"
--------------------

A **package name** is referred by its name in the typewriter font, such as `vim`.  You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:

--------------------
$ dpkg -L vim
$ apt-cache show vim
$ aptitude show vim
--------------------

A **documentation** may indicate its location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz`" and "`/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html`"; or by its http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator[URL], such as http://www.debian.org[http://www.debian.org].  You are encouraged to read the documentation by typing:

--------------------
$ zcat "/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz" | sensible-pager 
$ sensible-browser "/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html"
$ sensible-browse "http://www.debian.org"
--------------------

An **environment variable** is referred by its name with leading "`$`" in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`$TERM`".  You are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing:

--------------------
$ echo "$TERM"
--------------------

// Folowing conventions are yet to be implimented.
// Title                     = noun clause
// Table column: description = noun clause (w/o article such as "a", "the" folowing package description convention)
// Table column: function    = noun clause (w/o article such as "a", "the" folowing package description convention) -- TODO
// Table column: action      = verb clause (imperative)

==== The popcon

The http://popcon.debian.org/[popcon] data is presented as the objective measure for the popularity of each package.  It was downloaded on @@@pop-date@@@ and contains the total submission of @@@pop-submissions@@@ reports over @@@pop-packages@@@ binary packages and @@@pop-architectures@@@ architectures.

NOTE: Please note that the `@@@arch@@@` `unstable` archive contains only @@@all-packages@@@ packages currently.  The popcon data contains reports from many old system installations.

// If you check popcon data, you see some old version of Ubuntu distribution etc. sending data to Debian popcon system.

The popcon number preceded with "V:" for "votes" is calculated by "100 \* (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)".

The popcon number preceded with "I:"  for "installs" is calculated by "100 \* (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)".

NOTE: The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the importance of packages.  There are many factors which can skew statistics.  For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories such as "`/bin`" with "`noatime`" option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled "vote" from such system.

==== The package size

The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each package.  It is based on the "`Installed-Size:`" reported by "`apt-cache show`" or "`aptitude show`" command (currently on `@@@arch@@@` architecture for the `unstable` release).  The reported size is in KiB (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte[Kibibyte] = unit for 1024 bytes).

NOTE: A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package in the `unstable` release is a dummy package which installs other packages with significant contents by the dependency.  The dummy package enables a smooth transition or split of the package. 

NOTE: A package size followed by "(*)" indicates that the package in the `unstable` release is missing and the package size for the `experimental` release is used instead.

==== Bug reports

Please file bug reports on the `debian-reference` package using `reportbug`(1) if you find any issues. Please include correction suggestion by "`diff -u`" to the plain text version or to the source.

=== Some quotes for new users

Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help enlighten new users:

- "This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself."  --- Miquel van Smoorenburg `<miquels at cistron.nl>`
- "Unix IS user friendly...  It\'s just selective about who its friends are." --- Tollef Fog Heen `<tollef at add.no>`

// * "Confucius says important Unix lessons are (1) Don't change the permissions, (2) back up your data, (3) keep it simple, stupid, (4) read the freaking manual, (5) don't mess with package management, (6) don't type anything you don't understand, (7) always have a boot floppy or CD, (8) read your log files, (9) the FIRST error is the one that counts, (10) don't leave your root shell until you TEST your changes, (11) don't be root when you don't have to be" --- The IRC bot of {{{#debian}}}}, <dpkg>
//
// Actually, that last comment is worthwhile, even if it is convoluted.  I'd leave it in, or break it up into smaller quotes.  -KO
// I changed it to 'Confucius says' rather than 'Confucius say' because the deliberate grammar error is unnecessary.   

// OA: Although interesting, I do not know who created above thus reluctant to include here.  I agree with grammar correction.  Please tell me where to find it.  I am not much of IRC user.
1	== Preface
2
3	// vim: set sts=2 expandtab:
4
5	// Special sections atarts with: "WARNING:" "CAUTION:" "NOTE:" "TIP:"
6
7	This http://people.debian.org/\~osamu/pub/getwiki/html/index.en.html[Debian Reference (version 2)] (@@@build-date@@@) is intended to provide a broad overview of Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide.
8
9	The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU[GNU]/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux[Linux] system works.
10
11	=== Disclaimer
12
13	// The reason behind "Debian Reference" was : Debian may be KFreeBSD.
14	// It has many BSD and other contribution.
15	// This really document "Debian" things such as packaging and its network configuration middle layers.
16	// I as the lead author do not wish to make any political statement here either.
17	// Thus followings are commented out.
18	// For the sake of brevity, in this document Debian GNU/Linux is usually referred to as simply Debian. ...
19
20	All warranties are disclaimed. All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners.
21
22	The Debian system itself is a moving target. This makes its documentation difficult to be current and correct. Although the current unstable version of Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents may be already outdated by the time you read this.
23
24	Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in this document.
25
26	=== What is Debian
27
28	The http://www.debian.org[Debian Project] is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. It\'s distribution is characterized by:
29
30	- Commitment to the software freedom: http://www.debian.org/social_contract[Debian Social Contract and Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)].
31	- Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: http://www.debian.org
32	- Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares.
33	- Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates.
34	- Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with `unstable` and `testing` archives.
35	- Large number of supported hardware architectures.
36
37	Free Software pieces in Debian come from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU[GNU], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux[Linux], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution[BSD], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System[X], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium[ISC], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation[Apache], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript[Ghostscript], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System[Common Unix Printing System ], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)[Samba], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME[GNOME], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE[KDE], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla[Mozilla], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org[OpenOffice.org], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)[Vim], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX[TeX], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX[LaTeX], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook[DocBook], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl[Perl], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)[Python], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl[Tcl], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)[Java], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)[Ruby], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP[PHP], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB[Berkeley DB], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL[MySQL], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL[PostgreSQL], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim[Exim], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)[Postfix], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(e-mail_client)[Mutt], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD[FreeBSD], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD[OpenBSD], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs[Plan 9] and many more independent free software projects. Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into one system.
38
39	=== About this document
40
41	==== Guiding rules
42
43	Following guiding rules were followed while compiling this document:
44
45	- don\'t explain in details what is well documented elsewhere (in the judgment of the author)
46	- Provide overview and skip corner cases (Big Picture)
47	- Keep It Short and Simple. (KISS)
48	- Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use shell examples)
49	- Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to the existing references)
50	- Be objective. (Use http://popcon.debian.org/[popcon] etc.)
51
52	TIP: I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system.
53
54	// Although I do not list these, this is for my own reminder
55	// * Make it release independent.
56	// * Make as modular as possible for easier maintenance.
57	// * Use scripts and examples to make the key content language independent.
58
59	==== Prerequisites
60
61	WARNING: You are expected to make good efforts to seek answers by yourself beyond this documentation. This document only gives efficient starting points.
62
63	You are required to seek help from (in approximate order of importance, starting with the most important sources):
64
65	- the Debian site at http://www.debian.org for the general information,
66	- the documentation under the "`/usr/share/doc/<package_name>`" directory,
67	- the Unix style manpage: "`dpkg -L <package_name> \|grep \'/man/man.\*/\'`",
68	- the GNU style info page: "`dpkg -L <package_name> \|grep \'/info/\'`",
69	- the bug report: http://bugs.debian.org/[http://bugs.debian.org/<package_name>],
70	- the Debian Wiki at http://wiki.debian.org/ for the moving and specific topics,
71	- the HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at http://tldp.org/ ,
72	- the Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group\'s The UNIX System Home Page at http://www.unix.org/ , and
73	- the free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at http://wikipedia.org/.
74
75	NOTE: For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with "`-doc`" as its suffix.
76
77	==== Conventions
78
79	This document provides information through the following simplified presentation style with `bash`(1) shell command examples and bullets:
80
81	--------------------
82	# <command in root account>
83	$ <command in user account>
84	--------------------
85
86	- <description of action>
87
88	// some actions are written in imperative for their simplicity
89
90	These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set environment variables as: "`PS1=\'\$\'`" and "`PS2=\' \'`". These values are chosen for the sake of readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system.
91
92	NOTE: See the meaning of the "`$PS1`" and "`$PS2`" environment variables in `bash`(1).
93
94	A command snippet quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`aptitude safe-upgrade`".
95
96	A text data from a configuration file quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`deb-src`".
97
98	A command is referred by its name in the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as `bash`(1). You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:
99
100	--------------------
101	$ man 1 bash
102	--------------------
103
104	A manpage is referred by its name in the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, such as `sources.list`(5). You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:
105
106	--------------------
107	$ man 5 sources.list
108	--------------------
109
110	An info page is referred by its command snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`info make`". You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:
111
112	--------------------
113	$ info make
114	--------------------
115
116	A filename is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`/etc/passwd`". For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain information by typing:
117
118	--------------------
119	$ sensible-pager "/etc/passwd"
120	--------------------
121
122	A directory name is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`/etc/init.d/`". You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing:
123
124	--------------------
125	$ mc "/etc/init.d/"
126	--------------------
127
128	A package name is referred by its name in the typewriter font, such as `vim`. You are encouraged to obtain information by typing:
129
130	--------------------
131	$ dpkg -L vim
132	$ apt-cache show vim
133	$ aptitude show vim
134	--------------------
135
136	A documentation may indicate its location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz`" and "`/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html`"; or by its http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator[URL], such as http://www.debian.org[http://www.debian.org]. You are encouraged to read the documentation by typing:
137
138	--------------------
139	$ zcat "/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz" \| sensible-pager
140	$ sensible-browser "/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html"
141	$ sensible-browse "http://www.debian.org"
142	--------------------
143
144	An environment variable is referred by its name with leading "`$`" in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "`$TERM`". You are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing:
145
146	--------------------
147	$ echo "$TERM"
148	--------------------
149
150	// Folowing conventions are yet to be implimented.
151	// Title = noun clause
152	// Table column: description = noun clause (w/o article such as "a", "the" folowing package description convention)
153	// Table column: function = noun clause (w/o article such as "a", "the" folowing package description convention) -- TODO
154	// Table column: action = verb clause (imperative)
155
156	==== The popcon
157
158	The http://popcon.debian.org/[popcon] data is presented as the objective measure for the popularity of each package. It was downloaded on @@@pop-date@@@ and contains the total submission of @@@pop-submissions@@@ reports over @@@pop-packages@@@ binary packages and @@@pop-architectures@@@ architectures.
159
160	NOTE: Please note that the `@@@arch@@@` `unstable` archive contains only @@@all-packages@@@ packages currently. The popcon data contains reports from many old system installations.
161
162	// If you check popcon data, you see some old version of Ubuntu distribution etc. sending data to Debian popcon system.
163
164	The popcon number preceded with "V:" for "votes" is calculated by "100 \* (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)".
165
166	The popcon number preceded with "I:" for "installs" is calculated by "100 \* (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the total popcon submissions)".
167
168	NOTE: The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the importance of packages. There are many factors which can skew statistics. For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories such as "`/bin`" with "`noatime`" option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled "vote" from such system.
169
170	==== The package size
171
172	The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each package. It is based on the "`Installed-Size:`" reported by "`apt-cache show`" or "`aptitude show`" command (currently on `@@@arch@@@` architecture for the `unstable` release). The reported size is in KiB (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte[Kibibyte] = unit for 1024 bytes).
173
174	NOTE: A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package in the `unstable` release is a dummy package which installs other packages with significant contents by the dependency. The dummy package enables a smooth transition or split of the package.
175
176	NOTE: A package size followed by "(*)" indicates that the package in the `unstable` release is missing and the package size for the `experimental` release is used instead.
177
178	==== Bug reports
179
180	Please file bug reports on the `debian-reference` package using `reportbug`(1) if you find any issues. Please include correction suggestion by "`diff -u`" to the plain text version or to the source.
181
182	=== Some quotes for new users
183
184	Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help enlighten new users:
185
186	- "This is Unix. It gives you enough rope to hang yourself." --- Miquel van Smoorenburg `<miquels at cistron.nl>`
187	- "Unix IS user friendly... It\'s just selective about who its friends are." --- Tollef Fog Heen `<tollef at add.no>`
188
189	// * "Confucius says important Unix lessons are (1) Don't change the permissions, (2) back up your data, (3) keep it simple, stupid, (4) read the freaking manual, (5) don't mess with package management, (6) don't type anything you don't understand, (7) always have a boot floppy or CD, (8) read your log files, (9) the FIRST error is the one that counts, (10) don't leave your root shell until you TEST your changes, (11) don't be root when you don't have to be" --- The IRC bot of {{{#debian}}}}, <dpkg>
190	//
191	// Actually, that last comment is worthwhile, even if it is convoluted. I'd leave it in, or break it up into smaller quotes. -KO
192	// I changed it to 'Confucius says' rather than 'Confucius say' because the deliberate grammar error is unnecessary.
193
194	// OA: Although interesting, I do not know who created above thus reluctant to include here. I agree with grammar correction. Please tell me where to find it. I am not much of IRC user.