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pi-guest |
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fjpop-guest |
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pi-guest |
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<sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title>
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<para>
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In Linux you have various special files in
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<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called devices files. In
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the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a
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special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the
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hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system
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component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave
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differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device
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files listed.
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</para><para>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
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<entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
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<entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
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<entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
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<entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
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<entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
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<entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
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<entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
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<entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
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<entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
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<entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
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<entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
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<entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
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<entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
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<entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title>
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<para>
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The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window
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environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
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to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:
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<informalexample><screen>
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mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X
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/dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)
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/dev/ttyS1
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</screen></informalexample>
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</para><para>
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Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while
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setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>
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or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.
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</para><para>
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This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
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unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with
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<informalexample><screen>
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user@debian:# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
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</screen></informalexample>
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will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.
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</para><para>
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If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to
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read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
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to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>,
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<userinput>man gpm</userinput>,
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and
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<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.
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</para><para arch="powerpc">
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For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
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<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
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<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>.
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</para><para arch="powerpc">
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Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
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when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
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<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.
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<informalexample><screen>
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# 3-button mouse emulation
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# turn on emulation
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/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
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# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
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/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
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# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
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/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
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# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is.
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</screen></informalexample>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
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<title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>
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<para>
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The base woody installation on the author's computer required 117MB.
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The installed size for all standard packages was 123MB, with a
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download size of 38MB; so 278MB of space was needed to install the
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base and all standard packages.
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</para><para>
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The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude (a very nice
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program, by the way) for the tasks listed in tasksel. The system
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for which the figures were reported already had all standard packages
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installed. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so
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the total installed size for two tasks together may be less than
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the total obtained by adding the numbers up.
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</para><para>
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<informalexample><screen>
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Task Installed Download Space Needed
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Size (MB) Size (MB) To Install (MB)
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desktop environment 345 118 463
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X window system 78 36 114
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games 49 14 63
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Debian Jr. 340 124 464
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dialup system 28 8 36
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laptop system 3 1 4
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scientific applications 110 30 140
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C and C++ 32 15 47
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Python 103 30 133
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Tcl/Tk 37 11 48
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fortran 10 4 14
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file server 1 - 1
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mail server 4 3 7
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usenet news server 6 2 8
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print server 48 18 66
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conventional unix server 55 19 74
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web server 4 1 5
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TeX/LaTeX environment 171 64 235
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simplified Chinese environment 80 29 109
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traditional Chinese environment 166 68 234
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Cyrillic environment 29 13 42
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French environment 60 18 78
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German environment 31 9 40
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Japanese environment 110 53 163
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Korean environment 178 72 250
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Polish environment 58 27 85
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Russian environment 12 6 18
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Spanish environment 15 4 19
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</screen></informalexample>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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