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trunk/doc/manual/en/install-methods/downloading-files.xml revision 11568 by waldi, Sun Mar 21 12:12:18 2004 UTC trunk/installer/doc/manual/en/install-methods/downloading-files.xml revision 18622 by joeyh, Tue Jul 27 18:52:19 2004 UTC
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1  <!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->  <!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
2  <!-- $Id: downloading-files.xml,v 1.14 2004/03/11 17:29:52 mck-guest Exp $ -->  <!-- $Id$ -->
3    
4   <sect1 id="downloading-files">   <sect1 id="downloading-files">
5   <title>Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors</title>   <title>Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors</title>
# Line 13  To find the nearest (and thus probably t Line 13  To find the nearest (and thus probably t
13    
14  When downloading files from a Debian mirror, be sure to download the  When downloading files from a Debian mirror, be sure to download the
15  files in <emphasis>binary</emphasis> mode, not text or automatic  files in <emphasis>binary</emphasis> mode, not text or automatic
16  mode. It's important to replicate the directory structure you find on  mode.
 the mirror to create a local `sub-mirror'.  
   
 <phrase arch="not-s390">  
   
 It isn't really necessary to do this  
 if you place all the installation files on floppies; but it still  
 makes it easier to find the files when you need them.  
   
 </phrase>  
   
 You should start your local directory structure at the level under  
 <filename>installer-&architecture;</filename>, for example:  
   
 <informalexample><screen arch="i386">  
 current/images/floppy/boot.img  
 </screen><screen arch="not-i386">  
 current/images/<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>/netboot/initrd.gz  
 </screen></informalexample>  
   
 You don't need to download every file under that level, just those  
 that apply to you (you'll find out which ones apply as you read on).  
 Just name the directories the same as the mirror's, and keep the files  
 in their proper directories.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 If your machine is set up to automatically decompress/decode files you  
 download, you must turn that feature off when downloading the  
 installation system files. They will be decompressed just-in-time by  
 the installer. Decompressing in your current system will waste space  
 and time, and if the original compressed archives are deleted by the  
 decompression program, they won't be there later when the installer  
 needs them.  
   
 </para><para arch="powerpc;m68k">  
   
 This is particularly true on the Macintosh, where <filename>.bin</filename>  
 files are interpreted to be MacBinary, and the decoder's attempts to  
 convert them will fail noisily.  
   
 </para><para arch="powerpc">  
   
 Also, many of the binary files such as <filename>yaboot</filename>  
 will be automatically interpreted as text since they have no file  
 extensions unless you specifically select binary transfer mode. These  
 files will be <emphasis>unusable</emphasis> if they are transferred in  
 text mode.  
   
 </para>  
   
   <sect2 arch="m68k">  
   <title>Installation Options</title>  
 <para>  
   
 For m68k (except VME), the installation system files  
 (<filename>rescue.bin, linux.bin, root.bin, and  
 drivers.tgz</filename>) have been compiled into one tarball. You may  
 also need the base system installation file  
 <filename>basedebs.tar</filename>.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 If you have a working Ethernet connection on the computer, and your  
 Ethernet card is of one of the types compiled into the installation  
 kernel, you may only need the install system tarball.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 If you are installing on a system without a working network  
 connection, or if your network connection is via PPP (using a modem)  
 rather than Ethernet, you will also need to download  
 <filename>basedebs.tar</filename> before starting the installation.  
   
 </para>  
 </sect2>  
   
   <sect2 arch="not-m68k">  
   <title>Installation Options</title>  
 <para>  
   
 Files you may need fall into three categories:  
17    
18  </para>  </para>
 <orderedlist>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 Files needed to boot into the installation system (for example,  
 <phrase arch="not-s390">  
 <filename>boot.img</filename> and <filename>root.img</filename>, or  
 <filename>vmlinuz</filename> and <filename>initrd.gz</filename>)  
 </phrase>  
   
 <phrase arch="s390">  
 <filename>kernel.debian</filename>,  
 <filename>parmfile.debian</filename>, and  
 <filename>initrd.debian</filename>)  
 </phrase>  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 Files the installation system will need access to  
 after it has been booted in order to install the operating system  
 kernel and peripheral drivers (for example,  
 <filename>net-drivers.img</filename> and  
 <filename>cd-drivers.img</filename>)  
   
 </para></listitem>  
   
 <listitem><para>  
   
 Base system installation files  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </orderedlist>  
 <para>  
   
 If you have a working Ethernet connection on the computer, and your  
 Ethernet card is of one of the types compiled into the installation  
 kernel, you may only need the install system boot files. The installer  
 is capable of installing drivers and the rest of the system over the  
 network for many common Ethernet cards.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 If you have an Ethernet connection for which the installer doesn't  
 have built-in support, you may need both the install system boot files  
 and the peripheral driver installation files.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 If you are installing on a system without a working network  
 connection, or if your network connection is via PPP (using a modem)  
 rather than Ethernet, you will need to obtain all three types of files  
 before starting the installation. The base system installation files  
 are available on the first Debian CD (or on its smaller variant called  
 <firstterm>netinst</firstterm>, which is under 120MB). You can use  
 this ISO image even if you don't have a CD-ROM drive.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 If you're not sure which files you need, just start with the install  
 system boot files. If your first attempt to configure the network  
 within the installer fails, you can just quit, get the extra files you  
 need, and re-start the installation.  
   
 </para>  
   </sect2>  
   
   <sect2 arch="i386" id="kernel-choice">  
   <title>Choosing the Right Installation Set</title>  
 <para>  
   
 Installation files include kernel images, which are available in  
 various <firstterm>flavors</firstterm>.  Each flavor supports a  
 different set of hardware. The flavors available for &arch-title; are:  
   
 <variablelist>  
  <varlistentry>  
   <term>vanilla</term>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 The standard kernel package available in Debian. This includes almost  
 all drivers supported by Linux built as modules, which includes  
 drivers for network devices, SCSI devices, sound cards, Video4Linux  
 devices, etc. The <quote>vanilla</quote> flavor includes one boot  
 floppy, one root and two driver floppies.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
  </varlistentry>  
   
 <varlistentry>  
  <term>speakup</term>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 Almost like <quote>vanilla</quote>, but it contains support for  
 braille display. A complete list of supported models may be found in  
 brltty documentation. This flavor includes one boot floppy, one root  
 floppy and one driver floppy.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
  </varlistentry>  
 </variablelist>  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 Although we have described above how many 1.44MB diskettes the  
 different sets occupy, you may still choose different methods of  
 installation.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 The kernel config files for these flavors can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
 </sect2>  
   
   <sect2 arch="not-i386">  
   <title>Choosing the Right Installation Set</title>  
 <para>  
   
 Installation files include kernel images, which are available for  
 various <firstterm>subarchitectures</firstterm>. Each subarchitecture  
 supports a different set of hardware.  The kernel config files for  
 these subarchitectures can be found in their respective directories in  
 a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  The subarchitectures  
 available for &arch-title; are:  
   
 </para>  
   
 <variablelist arch="sparc">  
 <varlistentry>  
  <term>`sun4cmd'</term>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel required for older SPARC hardware.  For specific  
 models supported, see <xref linkend="sparc-cpus"/>.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
 <varlistentry>  
  <term>`sun4u'</term>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 UltraSPARC machines.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
 </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="sparc">  
   
 The kernel config files for these subarchitectures can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
   
     <variablelist arch="mipsel">  
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`r4k-kn04'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel required for the R4000 based DECstation 5000/150 and  
 similar machines, such as the R4400 based DECstation 5000/260.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
     </varlistentry>  
   
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`r3k-kn02'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel required for R3000 based DECstations with KN02 (or  
 compatible) main board, such as the DECstation 5000/1xx series with  
 xx=20,25,33 and the DECstation 5000/240.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
     </varlistentry>  
     </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="mipsel">  
   
 The kernel config files for these subarchitectures can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
   
     <variablelist arch="mips">  
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`r4k-ip22'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel required for SGI Indy, Indigo 2 and Challenge S machines.  
 The kernel includes almost all drivers supported by Linux built as modules,  
 which includes drivers for network devices, SCSI devices, etc.  There are no  
 other flavors for &arch-title; available currently.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
     </varlistentry>  
     </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="mips">  
   
 The kernel config files for these subarchitectures can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
   
     <variablelist arch="hppa">  
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`32'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel to use on all 32 bit processors.  On processors  
 that support 32 and 64 bit modes, this is probably also the best  
 kernel to use for installation.  
   
   
 </para></listitem>  
     </varlistentry>  
   
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`64'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel to use on all 64 bit processors.  On processors  
 that support 32 and 64 bit modes, the 32 bit kernel is probably the  
 best kernel to use for installation.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
     </varlistentry>  
     </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="hppa">  
   
 These kernels include almost all drivers supported by Linux built as  
 modules, which includes drivers for network devices, SCSI devices,  
 etc.  Support for standard hardware is compiled in to the kernel,  
 so it is unlikely that you will need to configure any modules during  
 installation.  
   
 </para><para arch="hppa">  
   
 The kernel config files for these subarchitectures can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
   
   
 <variablelist arch="s390">  
 <varlistentry>  
 <term>`tape'</term>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 Includes a kernel image which supports booting (IPL) from a tape  
 (emulated or real) and a DASD (Direct Access Storage Device). You need  
 these files if you want to install &debian; native or in an  
 LPAR (logical partition) but they can also be used to install under VM  
 with a tape (real or emulated).  
   
 </para><para arch="s390"><phrase condition="FIXME">  
   
 <emphasis>FIXME: what about the nolabel kernel?</emphasis>  
   
 </phrase></para>  
 </listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
 <varlistentry>  
 <term>`vmrdr'</term>  
 <listitem><para>  
   
 Includes a kernel image which supports booting (IPL) from the VM  
 reader and a DASD, These files can only be used if you want to install  
 &debian; in a VM guest.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
 </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="s390">  
   
 Both of these kernels include almost all drivers supported by Linux  
 built as modules.  Support for standard hardware is compiled into the  
 kernel, so it is unlikely that you will need to configure any modules  
 during installation.  
   
 </para><para arch="s390">  
   
 Both kernels were also built to directly support IBM's OCO modules.  You  
 can simply download then from IBM's  
 <ulink url="http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/linux390/index.shtml">  
 developerWorks web site</ulink> and load them into the running kernel.  
 Please make sure that you pick the modules for the standard kernel,  
 i.e. not the ones for a kernel with the ``on-demand'' timer patch.  
   
 </para><para arch="s390">  
   
 The kernel config files for these subarchitectures can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>kernel-config</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
   
   
     <variablelist arch="powerpc">  
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`powermac'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 This is the kernel to use for most Power Macintosh computers; it uses  
 version 2.2 of the Linux kernel.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`new-powermac'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 Use this kernel for very new Power Macintosh computers; it is based on  
 version 2.4 of the Linux kernel. If you want to install the  
 new-powermac version on an OldWorld machine, you are limited to using  
 BootX to boot the installer; the kernel doesn't fit on a floppy and  
 Debian CDs are not bootable on OldWorlds. You could also switch to the  
 &kernelversion; kernel after you finish the powermac flavor install.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`apus'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 Use this kernel for Amiga Power-UP Systems (APUS); it is based on  
 version 2.2 of the Linux kernel.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`chrp'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 Use this kernel for embedded CHRP computers; it is based on  
 version 2.2 of the Linux kernel.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
     <varlistentry>  
 <term>`prep'</term>  
     <listitem><para>  
   
 Use this kernel for Motorola and IBM RS/6000 PReP computers; it is based on  
 version 2.2 of the Linux kernel.  
   
 </para></listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
     </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="powerpc">  
   
 The kernel config files for these subarchitectures can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>config.gz</filename>.  
   
 </para><para arch="arm">  
   
 There is only one installation kernel available for each supported ARM  
 machine family.  
   
 </para><para arch="m68k;ia64">  
   
 There is only one install kernel available for &arch-title;, which  
 should include sufficient functionality to install on all systems.  It  
 is unlikely to be optimised for your particular hardware, and you  
 might consider replacing it once installation is complete.  In  
 particular, this kernel does not support SMP.  
   
 </para><para arch="m68k;ia64">  
   
 The kernel config files for these kernels can be found in their  
 respective directories in a file named <filename>config.gz</filename>.  
   
 </para>  
   </sect2>  
   
19    
20    <sect2 id="where-files">    <sect2 id="where-files">
21    <title>Where to Find Installation Files</title>    <title>Where to Find Installation Images</title>
   
 <para arch="m68k">  
   
 For Amiga, Atari, and 68k Mac, the install system files have been  
 compiled into one tarball. You will download the appropriate tarball  
 listed in  
 <xref linkend="amiga-install-files"/>,  
 <xref linkend="atari-install-files"/>, or  
 <xref linkend="mac-install-files"/>. Only  
 VME machines will need the separate boot, root, kernel and drivers  
 files.  
   
 </para>  
   
 <variablelist>  
 <varlistentry>  
 <term>boot image</term>  
 <listitem>  
 <itemizedlist>  
 &list-rescue-images;  
 </itemizedlist>  
 </listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
 <varlistentry condition="rescue-needs-root-disk">  
 <term>root image(s) or tarball</term>  
 <listitem>  
 <itemizedlist>  
 &list-root-images;  
 </itemizedlist>  
 </listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
 <varlistentry>  
 <term>kernel binary</term>  
 <listitem>  
 <itemizedlist>  
 &list-kernel-files;  
 </itemizedlist>  
 </listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
   
 <varlistentry>  
 <term>driver images or tarball</term>  
 <listitem>  
 <itemizedlist>  
 &list-driver-images;  
 &list-driver-disk-tarball;  
 </itemizedlist>  
 </listitem>  
 </varlistentry>  
 </variablelist>  
   
 <para arch="not-powerpc">  
   
 The boot image contains a compressed Linux boot  
 kernel. It is used for  
 <phrase arch="not-s390">both floppy disk booting (when transferred to a  
 floppy) and as the source for </phrase>  
 the Linux kernel when the kernel is  
 being installed on your machine. The kernel binary  
 <filename>vmlinuz</filename>  
 is an uncompressed binary kernel.  It is used when booting the  
 installer from  
 <phrase arch="not-s390">  
   
 the hard disk, usb stick, network or CD-ROM, and is not needed for  
 floppy installer booting.  
   
 </phrase><phrase arch="s390">  
   
 tape, emulated tape or the VM reader.  
   
 </phrase></para>  
   
 <para arch="mipsel">  
   
 Besides the file <filename>linux.bin</filename>, which is a kernel image in  
 ELF format, the file <filename>linux.ecoff</filename> contains the same  
 kernel in ECOFF format, which is required for net booting DECstations.  
   
 </para><para arch="powerpc">  
   
 Both the <filename>boot-floppy-hfs</filename> floppy image and the  
 <filename>boot.img</filename> image contain a compressed Linux boot  
 kernel. The <filename>boot-floppy-hfs</filename> floppy is used to  
 boot the installation system, while <filename>boot.img</filename>  
 serves as the source for the Linux kernel when the kernel is being  
 installed on your machine. A <filename>boot.img</filename> floppy  
 cannot be booted on &arch-title;. A third uncompressed kernel image,  
 simply named <filename>linux.bin</filename>, is used when booting the  
 installer from the hard disk or CD-ROM.  It is not needed for floppy  
 installer booting.  
   
 </para><para arch="powerpc">  
   
 There are two versions of the hfs boot floppy image. The standard one,  
 <filename>boot-floppy-hfs.img</filename>, may work best on older  
 machines such as the 7200 and 8500 with no added video cards. If the  
 standard image gives a black screen when booting, try the image with  
 video=ofonly added to the boot arguments:  
 <filename>boot-video-ofonly.img</filename>.  
   
 </para><para condition="supports-floppy-boot">  
   
 Refer to <xref linkend="create-floppy"/>  
 for important information on properly  
 creating floppy disks from floppy images.  
   
 </para><para condition="rescue-needs-root-disk">  
   
 The root floppy image <filename>root.img</filename> contains a  
 compressed RAMdisk filesystem which gets loaded into memory after you  
 boot the installer.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 The peripheral drivers may be downloaded as a series of floppy images  
 or as a tarball (<filename>drivers.tgz</filename>). The installer  
 system will need access to the drivers file during installation. If  
 you have a hard drive partition or connected computer which will be  
 accessible to the installer (see below), the tarball will be more  
 convenient to handle. The floppy image files are needed only if you  
 must install the drivers from floppies.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 When downloading files, you should also pay attention to the type of  
 file system you are downloading them <emphasis>to</emphasis>, unless  
 you will use floppies for the kernel and drivers. The installer can  
 read files from many kinds of file systems, including FAT, HFS,  
 ext2fs, and Minix.  When downloading files to a *nix file system,  
 choose the largest possible files from the archive.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 During the installation, you will erase the partition(s) on which you  
 are installing Debian before beginning the installation. All  
 downloaded files must be placed on partitions  
 <emphasis>other</emphasis> than those on which you are planning to  
 install the system.  
22    
23    <para>
24    The installation images are located on each Debian mirror in the directory
25    <ulink url="&disturl;/main/installer-&architecture;/current/images">debian/dists/&releasename;/main/installer-&architecture;/current/images/</ulink>
26    -- the <ulink url="&disturl;/main/installer-&architecture;/current/images/MANIFEST">MANIFEST</ulink>
27    lists each image and its purpose.
28  </para>  </para>
29    
30  &download-alpha.xml;  &download-alpha.xml;

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