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<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<sect1 id="hardware-supported">
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<title>Supported Hardware</title>
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<para>
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Debian does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements
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of the Linux kernel and the GNU tool-sets. Therefore, any
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architecture or platform to which the Linux kernel, libc,
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<command>gcc</command>, etc. have been ported, and for which a Debian
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port exists, can run Debian. Please refer to the Ports pages at
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<ulink url="&url-ports;"></ulink> for
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more details on &arch-title; architecture systems which have been
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tested with Debian.
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</para><para>
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Rather than attempting to describe all the different hardware
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configurations which are supported for &arch-title;, this section
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contains general information and pointers to where additional
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information can be found.
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</para>
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<sect2><title>Supported Architectures</title>
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<para>
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Debian &release; supports eleven major architectures and several
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variations of each architecture known as <quote>flavors</quote>.
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</para><para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="4">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Architecture</entry><entry>Debian Designation</entry>
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<entry>Subarchitecture</entry><entry>Flavor</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>Intel x86-based</entry>
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<entry>i386</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>AMD64 & Intel EM64T</entry>
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<entry>amd64</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>DEC Alpha</entry>
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<entry>alpha</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="4">ARM</entry>
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<entry>arm</entry>
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<entry>Netwinder and CATS</entry>
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<entry>netwinder</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>armel</entry>
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<entry>Versatile</entry>
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<entry>versatile</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry morerows="2">arm and armel</entry>
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<entry>Intel IOP32x</entry>
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<entry>iop32x</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>Intel IXP4xx</entry>
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<entry>ixp4xx</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>Marvell Orion</entry>
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<entry>orion5x</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="1">HP PA-RISC</entry>
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<entry morerows="1">hppa</entry>
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<entry>PA-RISC 1.1</entry>
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<entry>32</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>PA-RISC 2.0</entry>
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<entry>64</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Intel IA-64</entry>
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<entry>ia64</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="5">MIPS (big endian)</entry>
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<entry morerows="5">mips</entry>
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<entry>SGI IP22 (Indy/Indigo 2)</entry>
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<entry>r4k-ip22</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>SGI IP32 (O2)</entry>
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<entry>r5k-ip32</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>MIPS Malta (32 bit)</entry>
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<entry>4kc-malta</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>MIPS Malta (64 bit)</entry>
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<entry>5kc-malta</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>Broadcom BCM91250A (SWARM)</entry>
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<entry>sb1-bcm91250a</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>Broadcom BCM91480B (BigSur)</entry>
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<entry>sb1a-bcm91480b</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="4">MIPS (little endian)</entry>
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<entry morerows="4">mipsel</entry>
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<entry>Cobalt</entry>
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<entry>cobalt</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>MIPS Malta (32 bit)</entry>
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<entry>4kc-malta</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>MIPS Malta (64 bit)</entry>
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<entry>5kc-malta</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>Broadcom BCM91250A (SWARM)</entry>
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<entry>sb1-bcm91250a</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>Broadcom BCM91480B (BigSur)</entry>
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<entry>sb1a-bcm91480b</entry>
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</row>
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<row arch="m68k">
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<entry morerows="5">Motorola 680x0</entry>
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<entry morerows="5">m68k</entry>
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<entry>Atari</entry>
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<entry>atari</entry>
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</row><row arch="m68k">
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<entry>Amiga</entry>
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<entry>amiga</entry>
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</row><row arch="m68k">
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<entry>68k Macintosh</entry>
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<entry>mac</entry>
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</row><row arch="m68k">
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<entry morerows="2">VME</entry>
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<entry>bvme6000</entry>
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</row><row arch="m68k">
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<entry>mvme147</entry>
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</row><row arch="m68k">
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<entry>mvme16x</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="1">IBM/Motorola PowerPC</entry>
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<entry morerows="1">powerpc</entry>
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<entry>PowerMac</entry>
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<entry>pmac</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>PReP</entry>
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<entry>prep</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="1">Sun SPARC</entry>
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<entry morerows="1">sparc</entry>
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<entry>sun4u</entry>
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<entry morerows="1">sparc64</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>sun4v</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry morerows="1">IBM S/390</entry>
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<entry morerows="1">s390</entry>
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<entry>IPL from VM-reader and DASD</entry>
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<entry>generic</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>IPL from tape</entry>
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<entry>tape</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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</para><para>
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This document covers installation for the
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<emphasis>&arch-title;</emphasis> architecture. If you are looking
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for information on any of the other Debian-supported architectures
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take a look at the
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<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/ports/">Debian-Ports</ulink> pages.
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</para><para condition="new-arch">
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This is the first official release of &debian; for the &arch-title;
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architecture. We feel that it has proven itself sufficiently to be
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released. However, because it has not had the exposure (and hence
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testing by users) that some other architectures have had, you may
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encounter a few bugs. Use our
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<ulink url="&url-bts;">Bug Tracking System</ulink> to report any
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problems; make sure to mention the fact that the bug is on the
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&arch-title; platform. It can be necessary to use the
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<ulink url="&url-list-subscribe;">debian-&arch-listname; mailing list</ulink>
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as well.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- supported cpu docs -->
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&supported-alpha.xml;
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&supported-amd64.xml;
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&supported-arm.xml;
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&supported-hppa.xml;
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&supported-i386.xml;
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&supported-ia64.xml; <!-- FIXME: currently missing -->
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&supported-m68k.xml;
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&supported-mips.xml;
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&supported-mipsel.xml;
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&supported-powerpc.xml;
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&supported-s390.xml;
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&supported-sparc.xml;
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<sect2 arch="x86" id="laptops"><title>Laptops</title>
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<para>
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Laptops are also supported and nowadays most laptops work out of the box.
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In case a laptop contains specialized or proprietary hardware, some specific
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functions may not be supported. To see if your particular laptop works well
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with GNU/Linux, see for example the
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<ulink url="&url-x86-laptop;">Linux Laptop pages</ulink>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 condition="defaults-smp">
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<title>Multiple Processors</title>
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<para>
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Multiprocessor support — also called <quote>symmetric multiprocessing</quote>
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or SMP — is available for this architecture. The standard Debian
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&release; kernel image has been compiled with SMP support. The standard
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kernel is also usable on non-SMP systems, but has a slight overhead which
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will cause a small reduction in performance. For normal system use this
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will hardly be noticable.
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</para><para>
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In order to optimize the kernel for single CPU systems, you'll have to
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replace the standard Debian kernel. You can find a discussion of how
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to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>. At this time
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(kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you disable SMP is to deselect
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<quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</quote>
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section of the kernel config.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 condition="smp-alternatives">
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<title>Multiple Processors</title>
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<para>
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Multiprocessor support — also called <quote>symmetric
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multiprocessing</quote> or SMP — is available for this architecture.
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The standard Debian &release; kernel image has been compiled with
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<firstterm>SMP-alternatives</firstterm> support. This means that the kernel
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will detect the number of processors (or processor cores) and will
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automatically deactivate SMP on uniprocessor systems.
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</para><para arch="i386">
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The 486 flavour of the Debian kernel image packages for &arch-title;
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is not compiled with SMP support.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 condition="supports-smp">
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<title>Multiple Processors</title>
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<para>
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Multiprocessor support — also called <quote>symmetric
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multiprocessing</quote> or SMP — is available for this architecture.
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However, the standard Debian &release; kernel image does not support
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SMP. This should not prevent installation, since the standard,
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non-SMP kernel should boot on SMP systems; the kernel will simply use
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the first CPU.
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</para><para>
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In order to take advantage of multiple processors, you'll have to
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replace the standard Debian kernel. You can find a discussion of how
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to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>. At this time
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(kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select
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<quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</quote>
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section of the kernel config.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 condition="supports-smp-sometimes">
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<title>Multiple Processors</title>
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<para>
|
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Multiprocessor support — also called <quote>symmetric
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multiprocessing</quote> or SMP — is available for this architecture,
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and is supported by a precompiled Debian kernel image. Depending on your
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install media, this SMP-capable kernel may or may not be installed by
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default. This should not prevent installation, since the standard,
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non-SMP kernel should boot on SMP systems; the kernel will simply use
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the first CPU.
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</para><para>
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In order to take advantage of multiple processors, you should check to see
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if a kernel package that supports SMP is installed, and if not, choose an
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appropriate kernel package.
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</para><para>
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You can also build your own customized kernel to support SMP. You can find
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a discussion of how to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>. At this
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time (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select
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<quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</quote>
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section of the kernel config.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="gfx" arch="not-s390"><title>Graphics Card Support</title>
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<para arch="x86">
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You should be using a VGA-compatible display interface for the console
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terminal. Nearly every modern display card is compatible with
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VGA. Ancient standards such CGA, MDA, or HGA should also work,
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assuming you do not require X11 support. Note that X11 is not used
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during the installation process described in this document.
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</para><para>
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Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the
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underlying support found in X.Org's X11 system. Most AGP, PCI and
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PCIe video cards work under X.Org. Details on supported graphics
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buses, cards, monitors, and pointing devices can be found at
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<ulink url="&url-xorg;"></ulink>. Debian &release; ships
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with X.Org version &x11ver;.
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</para><para arch="mips">
|
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<!-- FIXME: mention explicit graphics chips and not system names -->
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The X.Org X Window System is only supported on the SGI Indy and the O2. The
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Broadcom BCM91250A and BCM91480B evaluation boards have standard 3.3v PCI
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slots and support VGA emulation or Linux framebuffer on a selected range
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of graphics cards. A <ulink url="&url-bcm91250a-hardware;">compatibility
|
| 365 |
listing</ulink> for Broadcom evaluation boards is available.
|
| 366 |
|
| 367 |
</para><para arch="mipsel">
|
| 368 |
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| 369 |
The Broadcom BCM91250A and BCM91480B evaluation boards have standard 3.3v PCI
|
| 370 |
slots and support VGA emulation or Linux framebuffer on a selected range
|
| 371 |
of graphics cards. A <ulink url="&url-bcm91250a-hardware;">compatibility
|
| 372 |
listing</ulink> for Broadcom evaluation boards is available.
|
| 373 |
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| 374 |
</para><para arch="sparc">
|
| 375 |
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Most graphics options commonly found on Sparc-based machines are supported.
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X.org graphics drivers are available for sunbw2, suncg14, suncg3, suncg6,
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sunleo and suntcx framebuffers, Creator3D and Elite3D cards (sunffb driver),
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PGX24/PGX64 ATI-based video cards (ati driver), and PermediaII-based cards
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(glint driver). To use an Elite3D card with X.org you additionally need to
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| 381 |
install the <classname>afbinit</classname> package, and read the documentation
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included with it on how to activate the card.
|
| 383 |
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| 384 |
</para><para arch="sparc">
|
| 385 |
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| 386 |
It is not uncommon for a Sparc machine to have two graphics cards in a
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default configuration. In such a case there is a possibility that the
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Linux kernel will not direct its output to the card initially used by the
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| 389 |
firmware. The lack of output on the graphical console may then be mistaken
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for a hang (usually the last message seen on console is 'Booting Linux...').
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| 391 |
One possible solution is to physically remove one of the video cards;
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| 392 |
another option is to disable one of the cards using a kernel boot parameter.
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| 393 |
Also, if graphical output is not required or desired, serial console may be
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| 394 |
used as an alternative. On some systems use of serial console can be
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| 395 |
activated automatically by disconnecting the keyboard before booting the
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system.
|
| 397 |
|
| 398 |
</para>
|
| 399 |
</sect2>
|
| 400 |
|
| 401 |
&network-cards.xml;
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| 402 |
&accessibility-hardware.xml;
|
| 403 |
&supported-peripherals.xml;
|
| 404 |
|
| 405 |
</sect1>
|
| 406 |
|
| 407 |
<sect1 arch="not-s390" id="hardware-firmware">
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<title>Devices Requiring Firmware</title>
|
| 409 |
<para>
|
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
Besides the availability of a device driver, some hardware also requires
|
| 412 |
so-called <firstterm>firmware</firstterm> or <firstterm>microcode</firstterm>
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| 413 |
to be loaded into the device before it can become operational. This is most
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common for network interface cards (especially wireless NICs), but for example
|
| 415 |
some USB devices and even some hard disk controllers also require firmware.
|
| 416 |
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| 417 |
</para><para>
|
| 418 |
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| 419 |
In most cases firmware is non-free according to the criteria used by the
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| 420 |
&debian; project and thus cannot be included in the main distribution
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| 421 |
or in the installation system. If the device driver itself is included in
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| 422 |
the distribution and if &debian; legally can distribute the firmware,
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| 423 |
it will often be available as a separate package from the non-free section
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of the archive.
|
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| 426 |
</para><para>
|
| 427 |
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However, this does not mean that such hardware cannot be used during an
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installation. Starting with &debian; 5.0, &d-i; supports loading
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firmware files or packages containing firmware from a removable medium,
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| 431 |
such as a floppy disk or USB stick.
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| 432 |
See <xref linkend="loading-firmware"/> for detailed information on how to
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| 433 |
load firmware files or packages during the installation.
|
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| 435 |
</para>
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</sect1>
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