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trunk/installer/doc/manual/en/hardware/hardware-supported.xml revision 26574 by fjpop-guest, Wed Apr 6 16:56:23 2005 UTC trunk/manual/en/hardware/hardware-supported.xml revision 61133 by fjp, Mon Nov 2 22:52:49 2009 UTC
# Line 3  Line 3 
3    
4   <sect1 id="hardware-supported">   <sect1 id="hardware-supported">
5   <title>Supported Hardware</title>   <title>Supported Hardware</title>
   
6  <para>  <para>
7    
8  Debian does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements  Debian does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements
# Line 25  information can be found. Line 24  information can be found.
24  </para>  </para>
25    
26    <sect2><title>Supported Architectures</title>    <sect2><title>Supported Architectures</title>
   
27  <para>  <para>
28    
29  Debian &release; supports eleven major architectures and several  Debian &release; supports eleven major architectures and several
30  variations of each architecture known as 'flavors'.  variations of each architecture known as <quote>flavors</quote>.
31    
32  </para><para>  </para><para>
33    
# Line 44  variations of each architecture known as Line 42  variations of each architecture known as
42    
43  <tbody>  <tbody>
44  <row>  <row>
45    <entry morerows="2">Intel x86-based</entry>    <entry>Intel x86-based</entry>
46    <entry morerows="2">i386</entry>    <entry>i386</entry>
47    <entry morerows="2"></entry>    <entry></entry>
48    <entry>vanilla</entry>    <entry></entry>
 </row><row>  
   <entry>speakup</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry>linux26</entry>  
49  </row>  </row>
50    
51  <row>  <row>
52    <entry morerows="5">Motorola 680x0</entry>    <entry>AMD64 &amp; Intel EM64T</entry>
53    <entry morerows="5">m68k</entry>    <entry>amd64</entry>
54    <entry>Atari</entry>    <entry></entry>
55    <entry>atari</entry>    <entry></entry>
 </row><row>  
   <entry>Amiga</entry>  
   <entry>amiga</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry>68k Macintosh</entry>  
   <entry>mac</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry morerows="2">VME</entry>  
   <entry>bvme6000</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry>mvme147</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry>mvme16x</entry>  
56  </row>  </row>
57    
58  <row>  <row arch="alpha">
59    <entry>DEC Alpha</entry>    <entry>DEC Alpha</entry>
60    <entry>alpha</entry>    <entry>alpha</entry>
61    <entry></entry>    <entry></entry>
# Line 82  variations of each architecture known as Line 63  variations of each architecture known as
63  </row>  </row>
64    
65  <row>  <row>
66    <entry morerows="1">Sun SPARC</entry>    <entry morerows="4">ARM</entry>
67    <entry morerows="1">sparc</entry>    <entry morerows="4">armel</entry>
68    <entry morerows="1"></entry>    <entry>Intel IOP32x</entry>
69    <entry>sun4cdm</entry>    <entry>iop32x</entry>
70  </row><row>  </row><row>
71    <entry>sun4u</entry>    <entry>Intel IXP4xx</entry>
72  </row>    <entry>ixp4xx</entry>
   
 <row>  
   <entry morerows="3">ARM and StrongARM</entry>  
   <entry morerows="3">arm</entry>  
   <entry morerows="3"></entry>  
   <entry>netwinder</entry>  
73  </row><row>  </row><row>
74    <entry>riscpc</entry>    <entry>Marvell Kirkwood</entry>
75      <entry>kirkwood</entry>
76  </row><row>  </row><row>
77    <entry>shark</entry>    <entry>Marvell Orion</entry>
78  </row><row>    <entry>orion5x</entry>
   <entry>lart</entry>  
 </row>  
   
 <row>  
   <entry morerows="3">IBM/Motorola PowerPC</entry>  
   <entry morerows="3">powerpc</entry>  
   <entry>CHRP</entry>  
   <entry>chrp</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry>PowerMac</entry>  
   <entry>pmac</entry>  
 </row><row>  
   <entry>PReP</entry>  
   <entry>prep</entry>  
79  </row><row>  </row><row>
80    <entry>APUS</entry>    <entry>Versatile</entry>
81    <entry>apus</entry>    <entry>versatile</entry>
82  </row>  </row>
83    
84  <row>  <row>
# Line 130  variations of each architecture known as Line 92  variations of each architecture known as
92  </row>  </row>
93    
94  <row>  <row>
95    <entry>Intel ia64-based</entry>    <entry>Intel IA-64</entry>
96    <entry>ia64</entry>    <entry>ia64</entry>
97    <entry></entry>    <entry></entry>
98    <entry></entry>    <entry></entry>
99  </row>  </row>
100    
101  <row>  <row>
102    <entry morerows="2">MIPS (big endian)</entry>    <entry morerows="3">MIPS (big endian)</entry>
103    <entry morerows="2">mips</entry>    <entry morerows="3">mips</entry>
104    <entry morerows="1">SGI Indy/Indigo 2</entry>    <entry>SGI IP22 (Indy/Indigo 2)</entry>
105    <entry>r4k-ip22</entry>    <entry>r4k-ip22</entry>
106  </row><row>  </row><row>
107    <entry>r5k-ip22</entry>    <entry>SGI IP32 (O2)</entry>
108      <entry>r5k-ip32</entry>
109    </row><row>
110      <entry>MIPS Malta (32 bit)</entry>
111      <entry>4kc-malta</entry>
112  </row><row>  </row><row>
113    <entry>Broadcom BCM91250A (SWARM)</entry>    <entry>MIPS Malta (64 bit)</entry>
114    <entry>sb1-swarm-bn</entry>    <entry>5kc-malta</entry>
115  </row>  </row>
116    
117  <row>  <row>
118    <entry morerows="3">MIPS (little endian)</entry>    <entry morerows="2">MIPS (little endian)</entry>
119    <entry morerows="3">mipsel</entry>    <entry morerows="2">mipsel</entry>
120    <entry>Cobalt</entry>    <entry>Cobalt</entry>
121    <entry>cobalt</entry>    <entry>cobalt</entry>
122  </row><row>  </row><row>
123    <entry morerows="1">DECstation</entry>    <entry>MIPS Malta (32 bit)</entry>
124    <entry>r4k-kn04</entry>    <entry>4kc-malta</entry>
125    </row><row>
126      <entry>MIPS Malta (64 bit)</entry>
127      <entry>5kc-malta</entry>
128    </row>
129    
130    <row>
131      <entry morerows="1">IBM/Motorola PowerPC</entry>
132      <entry morerows="1">powerpc</entry>
133      <entry>PowerMac</entry>
134      <entry>pmac</entry>
135  </row><row>  </row><row>
136    <entry>r3k-kn02</entry>    <entry>PReP</entry>
137      <entry>prep</entry>
138    </row>
139    
140    <row>
141      <entry morerows="1">Sun SPARC</entry>
142      <entry morerows="1">sparc</entry>
143      <entry>sun4u</entry>
144      <entry morerows="1">sparc64</entry>
145  </row><row>  </row><row>
146    <entry>Broadcom BCM91250A (SWARM)</entry>    <entry>sun4v</entry>
   <entry>sb1-swarm-bn</entry>  
147  </row>  </row>
148    
149  <row>  <row>
# Line 183  for information on any of the other Debi Line 166  for information on any of the other Debi
166  take a look at the  take a look at the
167  <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/ports/">Debian-Ports</ulink> pages.  <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/ports/">Debian-Ports</ulink> pages.
168    
169  </para><para condition="new-arch">  </para>
170    <caution arch="ia64"><para>
171    
172    The &arch-title;  architecture only supports Intel Itanium processors
173    and not the much more common 64-bit processors from the EM64T family
174    (including e.g. the Pentium&nbsp;D and the Core2&nbsp;Duo). Those
175    systems are supported by the <emphasis>amd64</emphasis> architecture
176    or, if you prefer a 32-bit userland, the <emphasis>i386</emphasis>
177    architecture.
178    
179    </para></caution>
180    <para condition="new-arch">
181    
182  This is the first official release of &debian; for the &arch-title;  This is the first official release of &debian; for the &arch-title;
183  architecture.  We feel that it has proven itself sufficiently to be  architecture.  We feel that it has proven itself sufficiently to be
184  released. However, because it has not had the exposure (and hence  released. However, because it has not had the exposure (and hence
185  testing by users) that some other architectures have had, you may  testing by users) that some other architectures have had, you may
186  encounter a few bugs. Use our  encounter a few bugs. Use our
187  <ulink url="&url-bts;">Bug Tracking System</ulink> to report any  <ulink url="&url-bts;">Bug Tracking System</ulink> to report any
188  problems; make sure to mention the fact that the bug is on the  problems; make sure to mention the fact that the bug is on the
189  &arch-title; platform. It can be necessary to use the  &arch-title; platform. It can be necessary to use the
190  <ulink url="&url-list-subscribe;">debian-&architecture; mailing list</ulink>  <ulink url="&url-list-subscribe;">debian-&arch-listname; mailing list</ulink>
191  as well.  as well.
   
 </para>  
192    
193    </para>
194    </sect2>    </sect2>
195    
196  <!-- supported cpu docs -->  <!-- supported cpu docs -->
197  &supported-alpha.xml;  &supported-alpha.xml;
198    &supported-amd64.xml;
199  &supported-arm.xml;  &supported-arm.xml;
200  &supported-hppa.xml;  &supported-hppa.xml;
201  &supported-i386.xml;  &supported-i386.xml;
202  &supported-ia64.xml;  <!-- FIXME: currently missing -->  &supported-ia64.xml;  <!-- FIXME: currently missing -->
 &supported-m68k.xml;  
203  &supported-mips.xml;  &supported-mips.xml;
204  &supported-mipsel.xml;  &supported-mipsel.xml;
205  &supported-powerpc.xml;  &supported-powerpc.xml;
206  &supported-s390.xml;  &supported-s390.xml;
207  &supported-sparc.xml;  &supported-sparc.xml;
208    
209    <sect2 id="gfx" arch="not-s390"><title>Graphics Card</title>    <sect2 arch="x86" id="laptops"><title>Laptops</title>
   
 <para arch="i386">  
   
 You should be using a VGA-compatible display interface for the console  
 terminal. Nearly every modern display card is compatible with  
 VGA. Ancient standards such CGA, MDA, or HGA should also work,  
 assuming you do not require X11 support.  Note that X11 is not used  
 during the installation process described in this document.  
   
 </para><para>  
   
 Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the  
 underlying support found in XFree86's X11 system.  Most AGP, PCI and  
 PCIe video cards work under XFree86.  Details on supported graphics  
 buses, cards, monitors, and pointing devices can be found at  
 <ulink url="&url-xfree86;"></ulink>.  Debian &release; ships  
 with XFree86 version &x11ver;.  
   
 </para><para arch="mips">  
   
 The XFree86 X11 window system is only supported on the SGI Indy.  The  
 Broadcom BCM91250A evaluation board has standard 3.3v PCI slots and supports  
 VGA emulation or Linux framebuffer on a selected range of graphics cards.  
 A <ulink url="&url-bcm91250a-hardware;">compatibility listing</ulink> for  
 the BCM91250A is available.  
   
 </para><para arch="mipsel">  
   
 The XFree86 X11 window system is supported on some DECstation models.  The  
 Broadcom BCM91250A evaluation board has standard 3.3v PCI slots and supports  
 VGA emulation or Linux framebuffer on a selected range of graphics cards.  
 A <ulink url="&url-bcm91250a-hardware;">compatibility listing</ulink> for  
 the BCM91250A is available.  
   
 </para>  
   
   </sect2>  
   
   <sect2 arch="i386" id="laptops"><title>Laptops</title>  
210  <para>  <para>
211    
212  Laptops are also supported.  Laptops are often specialized or contain  Laptops are also supported and nowadays most laptops work out of the box.
213  proprietary hardware.  To see if your particular laptop works well  In case a laptop contains specialized or proprietary hardware, some specific
214  with GNU/Linux, see the  functions may not be supported.  To see if your particular laptop works well
215  <ulink url="&url-x86-laptop;">Linux Laptop pages</ulink>  with GNU/Linux, see for example the
216    <ulink url="&url-x86-laptop;">Linux Laptop pages</ulink>.
217    
218  </para>  </para>
219     </sect2>     </sect2>
220    
   
221    <sect2 condition="defaults-smp">    <sect2 condition="defaults-smp">
222  <title>Multiple Processors</title>    <title>Multiple Processors</title>
   
223  <para>  <para>
224    
225  Multi-processor support &mdash; also called ``symmetric multi-processing''  Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric multiprocessing</quote>
226  or SMP &mdash; is supported for this architecture.  The standard Debian  or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture.  The standard Debian
227  &release; kernel image was compiled with SMP support.  This should not  &release; kernel image has been compiled with SMP support.  The standard
228  prevent installation, since the SMP kernel should boot on non-SMP systems;  kernel is also usable on non-SMP systems, but has a slight overhead which
229  the kernel will simply cause a bit more overhead.  will cause a small reduction in performance. For normal system use this
230    will hardly be noticable.
231    
232  </para><para>  </para><para>
233    
# Line 281  In order to optimize the kernel for sing Line 235  In order to optimize the kernel for sing
235  replace the standard Debian kernel.  You can find a discussion of how  replace the standard Debian kernel.  You can find a discussion of how
236  to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>.  At this time  to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>.  At this time
237  (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you disable SMP is to deselect  (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you disable SMP is to deselect
238  ``symmetric multi-processing'' in the ``General'' section of the  <quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</quote>
239  kernel config.  section of the kernel config.
240    
241  </para>  </para>
   
242    </sect2>    </sect2>
243    
244      <sect2 condition="smp-alternatives">
245    <title>Multiple Processors</title>
246    
247    <para>
248    
249    Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric
250    multiprocessing</quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture.
251    The standard Debian &release; kernel image has been compiled with
252    <firstterm>SMP-alternatives</firstterm> support. This means that the kernel
253    will detect the number of processors (or processor cores) and will
254    automatically deactivate SMP on uniprocessor systems.
255    
256    </para><para arch="i386">
257    
258    The 486 flavour of the Debian kernel image packages for &arch-title;
259    is not compiled with SMP support.
260    
261    </para>
262      </sect2>
263    
264    <sect2 condition="supports-smp">    <sect2 condition="supports-smp">
265   <title>Multiple Processors</title>    <title>Multiple Processors</title>
266  <para>  <para>
267    
268  Multi-processor support &mdash; also called ``symmetric  Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric
269  multi-processing'' or SMP &mdash; is supported for this architecture.  multiprocessing</quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture.
270  However, the standard Debian &release; kernel image does not support  However, the standard Debian &release; kernel image does not support
271  SMP.  This should not prevent installation, since the standard,  SMP.  This should not prevent installation, since the standard,
272  non-SMP kernel should boot on SMP systems; the kernel will simply use  non-SMP kernel should boot on SMP systems; the kernel will simply use
# Line 306  In order to take advantage of multiple p Line 278  In order to take advantage of multiple p
278  replace the standard Debian kernel.  You can find a discussion of how  replace the standard Debian kernel.  You can find a discussion of how
279  to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>.  At this time  to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>.  At this time
280  (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select  (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select
281  ``symmetric multi-processing'' in the ``General'' section of the  <quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</quote>
282  kernel config.  section of the kernel config.
283    
284  </para>  </para>
285    </sect2>    </sect2>
286    
287    <sect2 condition="supports-smp-sometimes">    <sect2 condition="supports-smp-sometimes">
288   <title>Multiple Processors</title>    <title>Multiple Processors</title>
289  <para>  <para>
290    
291  Multi-processor support &mdash; also called ``symmetric  Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric
292  multi-processing'' or SMP &mdash; is supported for this architecture,  multiprocessing</quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture,
293  and is supported by a precompiled Debian kernel image. Depending on your  and is supported by a precompiled Debian kernel image. Depending on your
294  install media, this SMP-capable kernel may or may not be installed by  install media, this SMP-capable kernel may or may not be installed by
295  default. This should not prevent installation, since the standard,  default. This should not prevent installation, since the standard,
# Line 330  In order to take advantage of multiple p Line 302  In order to take advantage of multiple p
302  if a kernel package that supports SMP is installed, and if not, choose an  if a kernel package that supports SMP is installed, and if not, choose an
303  appropriate kernel package.  appropriate kernel package.
304    
305    </para><para>
306    
307  You can also build your own customized kernel to support SMP. You can find  You can also build your own customized kernel to support SMP. You can find
308  a discussion of how to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>.  At this  a discussion of how to do this in <xref linkend="kernel-baking"/>.  At this
309  time (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select  time (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select
310  ``symmetric multi-processing'' in the ``General'' section of the  <quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</quote>
311  kernel config.  section of the kernel config.
312    
313  </para>  </para>
314    </sect2>    </sect2>
315    
316      <sect2 id="gfx" arch="not-s390"><title>Graphics Card Support</title>
317    <para arch="x86">
318    
319    You should be using a VGA-compatible display interface for the console
320    terminal. Nearly every modern display card is compatible with
321    VGA. Ancient standards such CGA, MDA, or HGA should also work,
322    assuming you do not require X11 support.  Note that X11 is not used
323    during the installation process described in this document.
324    
325    </para><para>
326    
327    Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the
328    underlying support found in X.Org's X11 system.  Most AGP, PCI and
329    PCIe video cards work under X.Org.  Details on supported graphics
330    buses, cards, monitors, and pointing devices can be found at
331    <ulink url="&url-xorg;"></ulink>.  Debian &release; ships
332    with X.Org version &x11ver;.
333    
334    </para><para arch="mips">
335    
336    <!-- FIXME: mention explicit graphics chips and not system names -->
337    The X.Org X Window System is only supported on the SGI Indy and the O2.
338    
339    </para><para arch="sparc">
340    
341    Most graphics options commonly found on Sparc-based machines are supported.
342    X.org graphics drivers are available for sunbw2, suncg14, suncg3, suncg6,
343    sunleo and suntcx framebuffers, Creator3D and Elite3D cards (sunffb driver),
344    PGX24/PGX64 ATI-based video cards (ati driver), and PermediaII-based cards
345    (glint driver). To use an Elite3D card with X.org you additionally need to
346    install the <classname>afbinit</classname> package, and read the documentation
347    included with it on how to activate the card.
348    
349    </para><para arch="sparc">
350    
351    It is not uncommon for a Sparc machine to have two graphics cards in a
352    default configuration. In such a case there is a possibility that the
353    Linux kernel will not direct its output to the card initially used by the
354    firmware. The lack of output on the graphical console may then be mistaken
355    for a hang (usually the last message seen on console is 'Booting Linux...').
356    One possible solution is to physically remove one of the video cards;
357    another option is to disable one of the cards using a kernel boot parameter.
358    Also, if graphical output is not required or desired, serial console may be
359    used as an alternative. On some systems use of serial console can be
360    activated automatically by disconnecting the keyboard before booting the
361    system.
362    
363    </para>
364      </sect2>
365    
366    &network-cards.xml;
367    &accessibility-hardware.xml;
368    &supported-peripherals.xml;
369    
370     </sect1>
371    
372     <sect1 arch="not-s390" id="hardware-firmware">
373     <title>Devices Requiring Firmware</title>
374    <para>
375    
376    Besides the availability of a device driver, some hardware also requires
377    so-called <firstterm>firmware</firstterm> or <firstterm>microcode</firstterm>
378    to be loaded into the device before it can become operational. This is most
379    common for network interface cards (especially wireless NICs), but for example
380    some USB devices and even some hard disk controllers also require firmware.
381    
382    </para><para>
383    
384    In most cases firmware is non-free according to the criteria used by the
385    &debian; project and thus cannot be included in the main distribution
386    or in the installation system. If the device driver itself is included in
387    the distribution and if &debian; legally can distribute the firmware,
388    it will often be available as a separate package from the non-free section
389    of the archive.
390    
391    </para><para>
392    
393    However, this does not mean that such hardware cannot be used during an
394    installation. Starting with &debian; 5.0, &d-i; supports loading
395    firmware files or packages containing firmware from a removable medium,
396    such as a floppy disk or USB stick.
397    See <xref linkend="loading-firmware"/> for detailed information on how to
398    load firmware files or packages during the installation.
399    
400    </para>
401   </sect1>   </sect1>
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