en/appendix/files.xml

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 <sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title>
<para>

In Linux you have various special files in
<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files. In
the Unix world accessing hardware is different.  There you have a
special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the
hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system
component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave
differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device
files listed.

</para><para>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
  <entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
  <entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
  <entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
  <entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
  <entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
  <entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
  <entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
  <entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
  <entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
  <entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

</para>

  <sect2>
<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title>

<para>

The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window
environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:

<informalexample><screen>
mouse =&gt; /dev/psaux  =&gt; gpm =&gt; /dev/gpmdata -&gt; /dev/mouse =&gt; X
         /dev/ttyS0             (repeater)        (symlink)
         /dev/ttyS1
</screen></informalexample>

Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while
setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>
or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.

</para><para>

This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
unplugged inadvertently.  Simply restarting gpm with

<informalexample><screen>
# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
</screen></informalexample>

will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.

</para><para>

If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to
read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, 
<userinput>man gpm</userinput>, 
<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and 
<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.

</para><para arch="powerpc">

For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>. 

</para><para arch="powerpc">

Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.

<informalexample><screen>
# 3-button mouse emulation 
# turn on emulation
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is.
</screen></informalexample>

</para>
  </sect2>
 </sect1>

 <sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
 <title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>
<para>

The base sarge installation for i386, including all standard packages,
requires 178MB of disk space.

</para><para>

The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in
tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total
installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by
adding the numbers up. 

</para><para>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
  <entry>Task</entry>
  <entry>Installed size (MB)</entry>
  <entry>Download size (MB)</entry>
  <entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry>
</row>
</thead>

<tbody>
<row>
  <entry>Desktop</entry>
  <entry>1537</entry>
  <entry>521</entry>
  <entry>2058</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>Web server</entry>
  <entry>71</entry>
  <entry>21</entry>
  <entry>92</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>Print server</entry>
  <entry>240</entry>
  <entry>83</entry>
  <entry>323</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>Mail server</entry>
  <entry>41</entry>
  <entry>12</entry>
  <entry>53</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>File server</entry>
  <entry>85</entry>
  <entry>34</entry>
  <entry>119</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>SQL database</entry>
  <entry>108</entry>
  <entry>33</entry>
  <entry>141</entry>
</row>

</tbody>
</tgroup></informaltable>

</para>
 </sect1>
1	<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
2	<!-- $Id$ -->
3
4
5	<sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title>
6	<para>
7
8	In Linux you have various special files in
9	<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files. In
10	the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a
11	special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the
12	hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system
13	component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave
14	differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device
15	files listed.
16
17	</para><para>
18
19	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
20	<row>
21	<entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
22	<entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
23	</row><row>
24	<entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
25	<entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
26	</row>
27	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
28
29	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
30	<row>
31	<entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
32	<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
33	</row><row>
34	<entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
35	<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
36	</row><row>
37	<entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
38	<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
39	</row><row>
40	<entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
41	<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
42	</row><row>
43	<entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
44	<entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
45	</row><row>
46	<entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
47	<entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
48	</row>
49	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
50
51	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
52	<row>
53	<entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
54	<entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
55	</row><row>
56	<entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
57	<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
58	</row><row>
59	<entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
60	<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
61	</row><row>
62	<entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
63	<entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
64	</row><row>
65	<entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
66	<entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
67	</row>
68	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
69
70	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
71	<row>
72	<entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
73	<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
74	</row><row>
75	<entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
76	<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
77	</row>
78	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
79
80	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
81	<row>
82	<entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
83	<entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
84	</row><row>
85	<entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
86	<entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
87	</row><row>
88	<entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
89	<entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
90	</row><row>
91	<entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
92	<entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
93	</row>
94	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
95
96	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
97	<row>
98	<entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
99	<entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
100	</row><row>
101	<entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
102	<entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
103	</row>
104	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
105
106	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
107	<row>
108	<entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
109	<entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry>
110	</row><row>
111	<entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
112	<entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
113	</row>
114	</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
115
116	</para>
117
118	<sect2>
119	<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title>
120
121	<para>
122
123	The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window
124	environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
125	to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:
126
127	<informalexample><screen>
128	mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X
129	/dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)
130	/dev/ttyS1
131	</screen></informalexample>
132
133	Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while
134	setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>
135	or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.
136
137	</para><para>
138
139	This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
140	unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with
141
142	<informalexample><screen>
143	# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
144	</screen></informalexample>
145
146	will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.
147
148	</para><para>
149
150	If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to
151	read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
152	to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
153	<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>,
154	<userinput>man gpm</userinput>,
155	<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and
156	<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.
157
158	</para><para arch="powerpc">
159
160	For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
161	<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
162	<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>.
163
164	</para><para arch="powerpc">
165
166	Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
167	when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
168	<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.
169
170	<informalexample><screen>
171	# 3-button mouse emulation
172	# turn on emulation
173	/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
174	# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
175	/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
176	# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
177	/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
178	# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is.
179	</screen></informalexample>
180
181	</para>
182	</sect2>
183	</sect1>
184
185	<sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
186	<title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>
187	<para>
188
189	The base sarge installation for i386, including all standard packages,
190	requires 178MB of disk space.
191
192	</para><para>
193
194	The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in
195	tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total
196	installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by
197	adding the numbers up.
198
199	</para><para>
200
201	<informaltable><tgroup cols="4">
202	<thead>
203	<row>
204	<entry>Task</entry>
205	<entry>Installed size (MB)</entry>
206	<entry>Download size (MB)</entry>
207	<entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry>
208	</row>
209	</thead>
210
211	<tbody>
212	<row>
213	<entry>Desktop</entry>
214	<entry>1537</entry>
215	<entry>521</entry>
216	<entry>2058</entry>
217	</row>
218
219	<row>
220	<entry>Web server</entry>
221	<entry>71</entry>
222	<entry>21</entry>
223	<entry>92</entry>
224	</row>
225
226	<row>
227	<entry>Print server</entry>
228	<entry>240</entry>
229	<entry>83</entry>
230	<entry>323</entry>
231	</row>
232
233	<row>
234	<entry>Mail server</entry>
235	<entry>41</entry>
236	<entry>12</entry>
237	<entry>53</entry>
238	</row>
239
240	<row>
241	<entry>File server</entry>
242	<entry>85</entry>
243	<entry>34</entry>
244	<entry>119</entry>
245	</row>
246
247	<row>
248	<entry>SQL database</entry>
249	<entry>108</entry>
250	<entry>33</entry>
251	<entry>141</entry>
252	</row>
253
254	</tbody>
255	</tgroup></informaltable>
256
257	</para>
258	</sect1>