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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title>
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<para>
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In Linux various special files can be found under the directory
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<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files and
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behave unlike ordinary files. The most common types of device files
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are for block devices and character devices. These files are an
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interface to the actual driver (part of the Linux kernel) which in
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turn accesses the hardware. Another, less common, type of device file
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is the named <firstterm>pipe</firstterm>.
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The most important device files are listed in the tables below.
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</para><para>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
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<entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
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<entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
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<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
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<entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
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<entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
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<entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
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<entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
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<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
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<entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
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<entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
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<entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
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<entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
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<entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
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<entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
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<entry>Anything written to this device will disappear</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
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<entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title>
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<para>
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The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window
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environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
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to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:
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<informalexample><screen>
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mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X
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/dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)
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/dev/ttyS1
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</screen></informalexample>
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Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while
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setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>
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or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.
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</para><para>
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This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
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unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with
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<informalexample><screen>
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# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
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</screen></informalexample>
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will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.
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</para><para>
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If gpm is disabled or not installed for some reason, make sure to set X to
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read directly from a mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
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to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>,
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<userinput>man gpm</userinput>,
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and
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<ulink url="&url-xorg;current/doc/html/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.
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</para><para arch="powerpc">
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For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
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<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
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<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>.
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</para><para arch="powerpc">
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Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
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when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
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<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.
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<informalexample><screen>
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# 3-button mouse emulation
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# turn on emulation
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/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
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# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
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/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
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# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
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/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
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# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is.
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</screen></informalexample>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
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<title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>
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<!-- Note for d-i and manual maintainers
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Sizes of tasks should be determined by running tasksel with the "new-install"
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option on a system that been fully installed without selecting any tasks. By
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selecting a task together with the "manual selection" option, aptitude will
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be started and show the sizes for the task. Use "cancel pending actions" to
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clear the slate, quit aptitude and repeat for other tasks.
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Space requirements need to be determined from tasksel as tasksel will not
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install recommended packages while selecting a task from aptitude will.
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fjp |
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The size for the minimal base system should be determined after running
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'aptitude clean' using 'du -hsx /'. After that the "Standard system" task
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should be installed after which the size of the standard system should be
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determined using the same method.
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-->
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<para>
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A standard installation for the i386 architecture, including all standard
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packages and using the default 2.6 kernel, takes up 442MB of disk space.
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A minimal base installation, without the <quote>Standard system</quote>
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task selected, will take 230MB.
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</para>
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<important><para>
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In both cases this is the actual disk space used <emphasis>after</emphasis>
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the installation is finished and any temporary files deleted. It also does
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not take into account overhead used by the file system, for example for
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journal files. This means that significantly more disk space is needed both
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<emphasis>during</emphasis> the installation and for normal system use.
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</para></important>
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<para>
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The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed
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in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the
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total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total
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obtained by adding up the numbers.
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</para><para>
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Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size
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of the standard installation when determining the size of partitions.
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Most of the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in
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<filename>/usr</filename> and in <filename>/lib</filename>;
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the size listed as <quote>Download size</quote>
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is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</filename>.
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</para><para>
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<informaltable><tgroup cols="4">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Task</entry>
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<entry>Installed size (MB)</entry>
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<entry>Download size (MB)</entry>
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<entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>Desktop environment</entry>
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<entry>1267</entry>
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<entry>420</entry>
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<entry>1667</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Laptop<footnote>
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<para>
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There is a large overlap of the Laptop task with the Destop environment task.
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If you install both, the Laptop task will only require a few MB additional
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disk space.
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</para>
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</footnote></entry>
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<entry>50</entry>
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<entry>17</entry>
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<entry>67</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Web server</entry>
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<entry>35</entry>
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<entry>11</entry>
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<entry>46</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Print server</entry>
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<entry>277</entry>
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<entry>79</entry>
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<entry>356</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>DNS server</entry>
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<entry>2</entry>
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<entry>1</entry>
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<entry>3</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>File server</entry>
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<entry>49</entry>
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<entry>21</entry>
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<entry>70</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Mail server</entry>
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<entry>13</entry>
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<entry>5</entry>
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<entry>18</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>SQL database</entry>
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<entry>24</entry>
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<entry>8</entry>
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<entry>32</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup></informaltable>
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<note><para>
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The <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> task will install the GNOME desktop
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environment.
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fjpop-guest |
25763 |
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</para></note>
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|
|
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fjpop-guest |
26846 |
</para><para>
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|
|
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|
|
If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command>
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may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one
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|
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is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language;
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fjp |
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you should allow up to 350MB in total for download and installation.
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fjpop-guest |
26846 |
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toff |
3352 |
</para>
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| 331 |
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</sect1>
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