en/appendix/files.xml

<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
<!-- $Id$ -->


 <sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title>
<para>

In Linux you have various special files in
<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files. In
the Unix world accessing hardware is different.  There you have a
special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the
hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system
component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave
differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device
files listed.

</para><para>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
  <entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
  <entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
  <entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
  <entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
  <entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
  <entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
  <entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
  <entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
  <entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
  <entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

</para>

  <sect2>
<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title>

<para>

The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window
environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:

<informalexample><screen>
mouse =&gt; /dev/psaux  =&gt; gpm =&gt; /dev/gpmdata -&gt; /dev/mouse =&gt; X
         /dev/ttyS0             (repeater)        (symlink)
         /dev/ttyS1
</screen></informalexample>

Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while
setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>
or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.

</para><para>

This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
unplugged inadvertently.  Simply restarting gpm with

<informalexample><screen>
# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
</screen></informalexample>

will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.

</para><para>

If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to
read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>,
<userinput>man gpm</userinput>,
<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and
<ulink url="&url-xorg;current/doc/html/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.

</para><para arch="powerpc">

For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>.

</para><para arch="powerpc">

Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.

<informalexample><screen>
# 3-button mouse emulation
# turn on emulation
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is.
</screen></informalexample>

</para>
  </sect2>
 </sect1>

 <sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
 <title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>

<!-- Note for d-i and manual maintainers
 Sizes of tasks should be determined by running "tasksel new" on a system
 that been fully installed without selecting any tasks. By selecting a
 task together with the "manual selection" option, aptitude will be started
 and show the sizes for the task. After deselecting the packages to be
 installed, quit aptitude and repeat for other tasks.
 Space requirements need to be determined from tasksel as tasksel will not
 install recommended packages while selecting a task from aptitude will.
-->

<para>

The base installation for i386 using the default 2.4 kernel,
including all standard packages, requires 573MB of disk space.

</para><para>

The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed
in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the
total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total
obtained by adding up the numbers.

</para><para>

Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size
of the base installation when determining the size of partitions.
Most of the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in
<filename>/usr</filename>; the size listed as <quote>Download size</quote>
is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</filename>.

</para><para>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
  <entry>Task</entry>
  <entry>Installed size (MB)</entry>
  <entry>Download size (MB)</entry>
  <entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry>
</row>
</thead>

<tbody>
<row>
  <entry>Desktop</entry>
  <entry>1392</entry>
  <entry>460</entry>
  <entry>1852</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>Web server</entry>
  <entry>36</entry>
  <entry>12</entry>
  <entry>48</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>Print server</entry>
  <entry>168</entry>
  <entry>58</entry>
  <entry>226</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>DNS server</entry>
  <entry>2</entry>
  <entry>1</entry>
  <entry>3</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>File server</entry>
  <entry>47</entry>
  <entry>24</entry>
  <entry>71</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>Mail server</entry>
  <entry>10</entry>
  <entry>3</entry>
  <entry>13</entry>
</row>

<row>
  <entry>SQL database</entry>
  <entry>66</entry>
  <entry>21</entry>
  <entry>87</entry>
</row>

</tbody>
</tgroup></informaltable>

<note><para>

The <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> task will install both the Gnome and KDE
desktop environments.

</para></note>

</para><para>

If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command>
may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one
is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language;
you should allow up to 200MB in total for download and installation.

</para>
 </sect1>
1	toff	3352	<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
2	joeyh	11648	<!-- $Id$ -->
3	toff	3352
4
5			<sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title>
6			<para>
7
8			In Linux you have various special files in
9	cjwatson	23058	<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files. In
10	toff	3352	the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a
11			special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the
12			hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system
13			component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave
14			differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device
15			files listed.
16
17			</para><para>
18
19	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
20	toff	4693	<row>
21			<entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
22			<entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
23			</row><row>
24			<entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
25			<entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
26			</row>
27			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
28	toff	3352
29	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
30	toff	4693	<row>
31			<entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
32			<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
33			</row><row>
34			<entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
35			<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
36			</row><row>
37			<entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
38			<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
39			</row><row>
40			<entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
41			<entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
42			</row><row>
43			<entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
44			<entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
45			</row><row>
46			<entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
47			<entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
48			</row>
49			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
50	toff	3352
51	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
52	toff	4693	<row>
53			<entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
54			<entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
55			</row><row>
56			<entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
57			<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
58			</row><row>
59			<entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
60			<entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
61			</row><row>
62			<entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
63			<entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
64			</row><row>
65			<entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
66			<entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
67			</row>
68			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
69	toff	3352
70	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
71	toff	4693	<row>
72			<entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
73			<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
74			</row><row>
75			<entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
76			<entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
77			</row>
78			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
79	toff	3352
80	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
81	toff	4693	<row>
82			<entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
83			<entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
84			</row><row>
85			<entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
86			<entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
87			</row><row>
88			<entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
89			<entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
90			</row><row>
91			<entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
92			<entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
93			</row>
94			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
95	toff	3352
96	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
97	toff	4693	<row>
98			<entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
99			<entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
100			</row><row>
101			<entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
102			<entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
103			</row>
104			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
105	toff	3352
106	fjpop-guest	24840	<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
107	toff	4693	<row>
108			<entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
109			<entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry>
110			</row><row>
111			<entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
112			<entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
113			</row>
114			</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
115	toff	3352
116			</para>
117
118			<sect2>
119			<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title>
120
121			<para>
122
123			The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window
124			environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
125			to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:
126	fjpop-guest	24663
127	toff	3352	<informalexample><screen>
128	fjpop-guest	24663	mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X
129	toff	3352	/dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)
130			/dev/ttyS1
131			</screen></informalexample>
132
133			Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while
134			setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>
135			or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.
136
137			</para><para>
138
139			This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
140			unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with
141	fjpop-guest	24663
142	toff	3352	<informalexample><screen>
143	fjpop-guest	24663	# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
144	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
145	fjpop-guest	24663
146	toff	3352	will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.
147
148			</para><para>
149
150			If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to
151			read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
152			to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
153	fjp	28672	<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>,
154			<userinput>man gpm</userinput>,
155			<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and
156	cjwatson	33887	<ulink url="&url-xorg;current/doc/html/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.
157	toff	3352
158	toff	4119	</para><para arch="powerpc">
159	toff	3352
160			For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
161			<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
162	fjp	28672	<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>.
163	toff	3352
164	toff	4119	</para><para arch="powerpc">
165	toff	3352
166			Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
167			when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
168			<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.
169
170			<informalexample><screen>
171	fjp	28672	# 3-button mouse emulation
172	toff	3352	# turn on emulation
173			/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
174			# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
175			/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
176			# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
177			/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
178			# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is.
179	fjpop-guest	24663	</screen></informalexample>
180	toff	3352
181			</para>
182			</sect2>
183			</sect1>
184
185			<sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
186			<title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>
187	fjpop-guest	26846
188			<!-- Note for d-i and manual maintainers
189			Sizes of tasks should be determined by running "tasksel new" on a system
190			that been fully installed without selecting any tasks. By selecting a
191			task together with the "manual selection" option, aptitude will be started
192			and show the sizes for the task. After deselecting the packages to be
193			installed, quit aptitude and repeat for other tasks.
194			Space requirements need to be determined from tasksel as tasksel will not
195			install recommended packages while selecting a task from aptitude will.
196	fjp	28672	-->
197	fjpop-guest	26846
198	toff	3352	<para>
199
200	joeyh	28277	The base installation for i386 using the default 2.4 kernel,
201	fjpop-guest	26846	including all standard packages, requires 573MB of disk space.
202	toff	3352
203			</para><para>
204
205	fjpop-guest	26846	The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed
206			in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the
207			total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total
208			obtained by adding up the numbers.
209	toff	3352
210			</para><para>
211
212	fjpop-guest	26846	Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size
213	joeyh	28277	of the base installation when determining the size of partitions.
214	fjpop-guest	26846	Most of the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in
215			<filename>/usr</filename>; the size listed as <quote>Download size</quote>
216			is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</filename>.
217
218			</para><para>
219
220	fjpop-guest	24689	<informaltable><tgroup cols="4">
221			<thead>
222			<row>
223			<entry>Task</entry>
224			<entry>Installed size (MB)</entry>
225			<entry>Download size (MB)</entry>
226			<entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry>
227			</row>
228			</thead>
229	fjpop-guest	24840
230	fjpop-guest	24689	<tbody>
231			<row>
232			<entry>Desktop</entry>
233	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>1392</entry>
234			<entry>460</entry>
235			<entry>1852</entry>
236	fjpop-guest	24689	</row>
237	toff	3352
238	fjpop-guest	24689	<row>
239			<entry>Web server</entry>
240	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>36</entry>
241			<entry>12</entry>
242			<entry>48</entry>
243	fjpop-guest	24689	</row>
244
245			<row>
246			<entry>Print server</entry>
247	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>168</entry>
248			<entry>58</entry>
249			<entry>226</entry>
250	fjpop-guest	24689	</row>
251
252			<row>
253	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>DNS server</entry>
254			<entry>2</entry>
255			<entry>1</entry>
256			<entry>3</entry>
257	fjpop-guest	24689	</row>
258
259			<row>
260			<entry>File server</entry>
261	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>47</entry>
262			<entry>24</entry>
263			<entry>71</entry>
264	fjpop-guest	24689	</row>
265
266			<row>
267	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>Mail server</entry>
268			<entry>10</entry>
269			<entry>3</entry>
270			<entry>13</entry>
271			</row>
272
273			<row>
274	fjpop-guest	24689	<entry>SQL database</entry>
275	fjpop-guest	26846	<entry>66</entry>
276			<entry>21</entry>
277			<entry>87</entry>
278	fjpop-guest	24689	</row>
279
280			</tbody>
281			</tgroup></informaltable>
282
283	fjpop-guest	25763	<note><para>
284
285			The <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> task will install both the Gnome and KDE
286			desktop environments.
287
288			</para></note>
289
290	fjpop-guest	26846	</para><para>
291
292			If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command>
293			may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one
294			is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language;
295			you should allow up to 200MB in total for download and installation.
296
297	toff	3352	</para>
298			</sect1>