en/appendix/chroot-install.xml

<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
<!-- $Id$ -->

 <sect1 id="linux-upgrade">
 <title>Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System</title>

<para>

This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing
Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as
explained in the rest of the manual. This <quote>cross-install</quote>
HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from
Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with
entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In
this section, <prompt>$</prompt> symbolizes a command to be entered in
the user's current system, while <prompt>#</prompt> refers to a
command entered in the Debian chroot.

</para><para>

Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference,
you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on
rolling. This is therefore a <quote>zero downtime</quote> &debian;
install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that
otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation
media.

</para>

  <sect2>
  <title>Getting Started</title>
<para>

With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard
drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You
need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install,
or at least 300MB if you plan to install X.

</para><para>

Create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create an
ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's
our example root partition):

<informalexample><screen>
# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6
</screen></informalexample>

To create an ext2 file system instead, omit <userinput>-j</userinput>.

</para><para>

Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for
your intended Debian swap partition):

<informalexample><screen>
# mkswap /dev/hda5
# sync; sync; sync
# swapon /dev/hda5
</screen></informalexample>

Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the
installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem
on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is
referenced later below.

<informalexample><screen>
# mkdir /mnt/debinst
# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst
</screen></informalexample>

</para>
<note><para>

If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on
separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories
manually before proceding with the next stage.

</para></note>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
  <title>Install <command>debootstrap</command></title>
<para>

The utility used by the Debian installer, and recognized as the
official way to install a Debian base system, is
<command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command> and
<command>ar</command>, but otherwise depends only on
<classname>/bin/sh</classname> and basic Unix/Linux tools<footnote>

<para>

These include the GNU core utilities and commands like <command>sed</command>, <command>grep</command>, <command>tar</command> and <command>gzip</command>.

</para>

</footnote>. Install <command>wget</command> and
<command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current system,
then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>.

</para>

<!-- The files linked to here are from 2004 and thus currently not usable
<para>

If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the
.deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at
<ulink url="http://people.debian.org/~blade/install/debootstrap"></ulink>

</para>
-->

<para>

Or, you can use the following procedure to install it
manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into:

<informalexample><screen>
# mkdir work
# cd work
</screen></informalexample>

The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian
archive (be sure to select the proper file for your
architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from
the <ulink url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/">
pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the
binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install
the binaries.

<informalexample><screen>
# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb
# cd /
# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv
</screen></informalexample>

</para><para>

Note that running <command>debootstrap</command> may require you to have
a minimal version of <classname>glibc</classname> installed (currently
GLIBC_2.3). <command>debootstrap</command> itself is a shell script, but
it calls various utilities that require <classname>glibc</classname>.

</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
  <title>Run <command>debootstrap</command></title>
<para>

<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly
from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian
archive mirror for <userinput>http.us.debian.org/debian</userinput> in
the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you
network-wise. Mirrors are listed at
<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>.

</para><para>

If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at
<filename>/cdrom</filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead
of the http URL: <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput>

</para><para>

Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable>
in the <command>debootstrap</command> command:

<userinput>alpha</userinput>,
<userinput>arm</userinput>,
<userinput>hppa</userinput>,
<userinput>i386</userinput>,
<userinput>ia64</userinput>,
<userinput>m68k</userinput>,
<userinput>mips</userinput>,
<userinput>mipsel</userinput>,
<userinput>powerpc</userinput>,
<userinput>s390</userinput>, or
<userinput>sparc</userinput>.

<informalexample><screen>
# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \
     /mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian
</screen></informalexample>

</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
  <title>Configure The Base System</title>
<para>

Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk.
<command>Chroot</command> into it:

<informalexample><screen>
# LANG= chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash
</screen></informalexample>

</para>

   <sect3>
   <title>Mount Partitions</title>
<para>

You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.

<informalexample><screen>
# editor /etc/fstab
</screen></informalexample>

Here is a sample you can modify to suit:

<informalexample><screen>
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# file system    mount point   type    options                  dump pass
/dev/XXX         /             ext3    defaults                 0    1
/dev/XXX         /boot         ext3    ro,nosuid,nodev          0    2

/dev/XXX         none          swap    sw                       0    0
proc             /proc         proc    defaults                 0    0

/dev/fd0         /mnt/floppy   auto    noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0    0
/dev/cdrom       /mnt/cdrom    iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec      0    0

/dev/XXX         /tmp          ext3    rw,nosuid,nodev          0    2
/dev/XXX         /var          ext3    rw,nosuid,nodev          0    2
/dev/XXX         /usr          ext3    rw,nodev                 0    2
/dev/XXX         /home         ext3    rw,nosuid,nodev          0    2
</screen></informalexample>

Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all the file systems you
have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or to mount
file systems individually use:

<informalexample><screen>
# mount /path   # e.g.: mount /usr
</screen></informalexample>

You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary
locations, though <filename>/proc</filename> is customary. If you didn't use
<userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to mount proc before continuing:

<informalexample><screen>
# mount -t proc proc /proc
</screen></informalexample>

</para><para>

The command <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> should now show a non-empty
directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside
the chroot:

<informalexample><screen>
# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc
</screen></informalexample>

</para>
   </sect3>

   <sect3>
   <title>Configure Keyboard</title>
<para>

To configure your keyboard:

<informalexample><screen>
# dpkg-reconfigure console-data
</screen></informalexample>

</para><para>

Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be
configured for the next reboot.

</para>
   </sect3>

   <sect3>
   <title>Configure Networking</title>
<para>

To configure networking, edit
<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>,
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>,
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> and
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>.

<informalexample><screen>
# editor /etc/network/interfaces
</screen></informalexample>

Here are some simple examples from
<filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>:

<informalexample><screen>
######################################################################
# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)
# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are
# available.
######################################################################

# We always want the loopback interface.
#
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# To use dhcp:
#
# auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet dhcp

# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)
#
# auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet static
#     address 192.168.0.42
#     network 192.168.0.0
#     netmask 255.255.255.0
#     broadcast 192.168.0.255
#     gateway 192.168.0.1
</screen></informalexample>

Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>:

<informalexample><screen>
# editor /etc/resolv.conf
</screen></informalexample>

A simple <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>:

<informalexample><screen>
search hqdom.local\000
nameserver 10.1.1.36
nameserver 192.168.9.100
</screen></informalexample>

Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters):

<informalexample><screen>
# echo DebianHostName &gt; /etc/hostname
</screen></informalexample>

If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of
driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> file into the
desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the
interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect.

</para>
   </sect3>

   <sect3>
   <title>Configure Locales</title>
<para>

To configure your locale settings to use a language other than
English, install the <classname>locales</classname> support package
and configure it:

<informalexample><screen>
# aptitude install locales
# dpkg-reconfigure locales
</screen></informalexample>

NOTE: <classname>apt</classname> must be configured beforehand by creating
a sources.list and running <command>aptitude update</command>.
Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1,
please consult the appropriate localization HOWTO.

</para>
   </sect3>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
  <title>Install a Kernel</title>
<para>

If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel
and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with

<informalexample><screen>
# apt-cache search <phrase condition="classic-kpkg">kernel</phrase><phrase condition="common-kpkg">linux</phrase>-image
</screen></informalexample>

Then install your choice using its package name.

<informalexample><screen>
# aptitude install <phrase condition="classic-kpkg">kernel</phrase><phrase condition="common-kpkg">linux</phrase>-image-<replaceable>&kernelversion;-arch-etc</replaceable>
</screen></informalexample>

</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
<title>Set up the Boot Loader</title>
<para>

To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load
the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that
<command>debootstrap</command> does not install a boot loader, though you
can use <command>aptitude</command> inside your Debian chroot to do so.

</para><para arch="i386">

Check <userinput>info grub</userinput> or <userinput>man
lilo.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up the
bootloader.  If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just
add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub
<filename>menu.lst</filename> or <filename>lilo.conf</filename>.  For
<filename>lilo.conf</filename>, you could also copy it to the new system and
edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use
<filename>lilo.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from).

</para><para arch="i386">

Here is a basic <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> as an example:

<informalexample><screen>
boot=/dev/hda6
root=/dev/hda6
install=menu
delay=20
lba32
image=/vmlinuz
label=Debian
</screen></informalexample>

</para><para arch="powerpc">

Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on
setting up the bootloader.  If you are keeping the system you used to
install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your
existing <filename>yaboot.conf</filename>.  You could also copy it to
the new system and
edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will
use <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from).

</para><para arch="powerpc">

Here is a basic <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> as an example:

<informalexample><screen>
boot=/dev/hda2
device=hd:
partition=6
root=/dev/hda6
magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot
timeout=50
image=/vmlinux
label=Debian
</screen></informalexample>

On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput>
instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>.

</para>
  </sect2>
 </sect1>
1	toff	3352	<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
2	joeyh	11648	<!-- $Id$ -->
3	toff	3352
4			<sect1 id="linux-upgrade">
5	fjpop-guest	12756	<title>Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System</title>
6	toff	3352
7			<para>
8
9	fjpop-guest	12756	This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing
10	joeyh	28853	Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as
11	fjp	28997	explained in the rest of the manual. This <quote>cross-install</quote>
12	fjpop-guest	12756	HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from
13	fjpop-guest	25594	Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with
14	toff	3352	entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In
15			this section, <prompt>$</prompt> symbolizes a command to be entered in
16			the user's current system, while <prompt>#</prompt> refers to a
17			command entered in the Debian chroot.
18
19			</para><para>
20
21			Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference,
22			you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on
23	fjp	28997	rolling. This is therefore a <quote>zero downtime</quote> &debian;
24	toff	3352	install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that
25			otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation
26			media.
27
28			</para>
29
30			<sect2>
31			<title>Getting Started</title>
32			<para>
33
34			With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard
35			drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You
36			need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install,
37			or at least 300MB if you plan to install X.
38
39			</para><para>
40
41	fjp	39463	Create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create an
42	fjp	28672	ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's
43	toff	3352	our example root partition):
44
45			<informalexample><screen>
46	fjpop-guest	24663	# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6
47	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
48
49			To create an ext2 file system instead, omit <userinput>-j</userinput>.
50
51			</para><para>
52
53	fjp	28672	Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for
54	toff	3352	your intended Debian swap partition):
55
56			<informalexample><screen>
57	fjpop-guest	24663	# mkswap /dev/hda5
58			# sync; sync; sync
59			# swapon /dev/hda5
60	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
61
62			Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the
63			installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem
64			on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is
65			referenced later below.
66
67			<informalexample><screen>
68	fjpop-guest	24663	# mkdir /mnt/debinst
69			# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst
70	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
71
72			</para>
73	fjp	31139	<note><para>
74
75			If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on
76	fjp	31140	separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories
77			manually before proceding with the next stage.
78	fjp	31139
79			</para></note>
80	toff	3352	</sect2>
81
82			<sect2>
83			<title>Install <command>debootstrap</command></title>
84			<para>
85
86	fjp	39463	The utility used by the Debian installer, and recognized as the
87	toff	3352	official way to install a Debian base system, is
88	fjpop-guest	25154	<command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command> and
89			<command>ar</command>, but otherwise depends only on
90	fjp	34713	<classname>/bin/sh</classname> and basic Unix/Linux tools<footnote>
91
92			<para>
93
94			These include the GNU core utilities and commands like <command>sed</command>, <command>grep</command>, <command>tar</command> and <command>gzip</command>.
95
96			</para>
97
98			</footnote>. Install <command>wget</command> and
99	fjpop-guest	25154	<command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current system,
100	toff	3352	then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>.
101
102	fjp	34713	</para>
103	toff	3352
104	fjp	34713	<!-- The files linked to here are from 2004 and thus currently not usable
105			<para>
106
107	fjp	28672	If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the
108			.deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at
109	toff	3352	<ulink url="http://people.debian.org/~blade/install/debootstrap"></ulink>
110
111	fjp	34713	</para>
112			-->
113	toff	3352
114	fjp	34713	<para>
115
116	toff	3352	Or, you can use the following procedure to install it
117			manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into:
118
119			<informalexample><screen>
120	fjpop-guest	24663	# mkdir work
121			# cd work
122	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
123
124			The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian
125			archive (be sure to select the proper file for your
126			architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from
127			the <ulink url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/">
128			pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the
129			binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install
130			the binaries.
131
132			<informalexample><screen>
133	fjpop-guest	28245	# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb
134	fjpop-guest	24663	# cd /
135	fjpop-guest	24677	# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz \| tar xv
136	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
137
138	fjp	31139	</para><para>
139
140			Note that running <command>debootstrap</command> may require you to have
141			a minimal version of <classname>glibc</classname> installed (currently
142			GLIBC_2.3). <command>debootstrap</command> itself is a shell script, but
143			it calls various utilities that require <classname>glibc</classname>.
144
145	toff	3352	</para>
146			</sect2>
147
148			<sect2>
149	joeyh	18643	<title>Run <command>debootstrap</command></title>
150	toff	3352	<para>
151
152			<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly
153			from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian
154			archive mirror for <userinput>http.us.debian.org/debian</userinput> in
155			the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you
156	fjp	28672	network-wise. Mirrors are listed at
157	toff	3352	<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>.
158
159			</para><para>
160
161	joeyh	18643	If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at
162	toff	3352	<filename>/cdrom</filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead
163			of the http URL: <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput>
164
165			</para><para>
166
167	fjp	28672	Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable>
168			in the <command>debootstrap</command> command:
169	toff	3352
170	fjp	28672	<userinput>alpha</userinput>,
171	toff	3352	<userinput>arm</userinput>,
172	fjp	28672	<userinput>hppa</userinput>,
173			<userinput>i386</userinput>,
174			<userinput>ia64</userinput>,
175	toff	3352	<userinput>m68k</userinput>,
176	fjp	28672	<userinput>mips</userinput>,
177			<userinput>mipsel</userinput>,
178			<userinput>powerpc</userinput>,
179	toff	3352	<userinput>s390</userinput>, or
180			<userinput>sparc</userinput>.
181
182			<informalexample><screen>
183	fjpop-guest	24663	# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \
184	toff	3352	/mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian
185			</screen></informalexample>
186
187			</para>
188			</sect2>
189
190			<sect2>
191			<title>Configure The Base System</title>
192			<para>
193
194			Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk.
195			<command>Chroot</command> into it:
196
197			<informalexample><screen>
198	joeyh	28659	# LANG= chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash
199	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
200	fjpop-guest	24663
201	toff	3352	</para>
202
203			<sect3>
204			<title>Mount Partitions</title>
205			<para>
206
207			You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
208
209			<informalexample><screen>
210	fjpop-guest	24663	# editor /etc/fstab
211	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
212
213			Here is a sample you can modify to suit:
214
215			<informalexample><screen>
216			# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
217			#
218			# file system mount point type options dump pass
219	fjp	31190	/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1
220			/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2
221	toff	3352
222			/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0
223			proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
224
225			/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0
226			/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0
227
228	fjp	31190	/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2
229			/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2
230			/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2
231			/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2
232	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
233
234			Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all the file systems you
235			have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or to mount
236			file systems individually use:
237
238			<informalexample><screen>
239	fjpop-guest	24663	# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr
240	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
241
242			You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary
243	fjp	31139	locations, though <filename>/proc</filename> is customary. If you didn't use
244			<userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to mount proc before continuing:
245	toff	3352
246			<informalexample><screen>
247	fjpop-guest	24663	# mount -t proc proc /proc
248	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
249
250	fjp	31139	</para><para>
251
252			The command <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> should now show a non-empty
253			directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside
254			the chroot:
255
256			<informalexample><screen>
257			# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc
258			</screen></informalexample>
259
260	toff	3352	</para>
261			</sect3>
262
263			<sect3>
264			<title>Configure Keyboard</title>
265			<para>
266
267			To configure your keyboard:
268
269			<informalexample><screen>
270	fjpop-guest	24663	# dpkg-reconfigure console-data
271	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
272
273	fjp	31139	</para><para>
274
275			Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be
276			configured for the next reboot.
277
278	toff	3352	</para>
279			</sect3>
280
281			<sect3>
282			<title>Configure Networking</title>
283			<para>
284
285			To configure networking, edit
286			<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>,
287	fjp	36758	<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>,
288			<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> and
289			<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>.
290	toff	3352
291			<informalexample><screen>
292	fjp	28672	# editor /etc/network/interfaces
293	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
294
295			Here are some simple examples from
296			<filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>:
297
298			<informalexample><screen>
299			######################################################################
300			# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)
301	fjp	28672	# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are
302	toff	3352	# available.
303			######################################################################
304
305			# We always want the loopback interface.
306			#
307			auto lo
308			iface lo inet loopback
309
310			# To use dhcp:
311			#
312			# auto eth0
313			# iface eth0 inet dhcp
314
315			# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)
316			#
317			# auto eth0
318			# iface eth0 inet static
319			# address 192.168.0.42
320			# network 192.168.0.0
321			# netmask 255.255.255.0
322			# broadcast 192.168.0.255
323			# gateway 192.168.0.1
324			</screen></informalexample>
325
326			Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in
327			<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>:
328
329			<informalexample><screen>
330	fjpop-guest	24663	# editor /etc/resolv.conf
331	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
332
333			A simple <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>:
334
335			<informalexample><screen>
336	fjpop-guest	24663	search hqdom.local\000
337			nameserver 10.1.1.36
338			nameserver 192.168.9.100
339	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
340
341			Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters):
342
343			<informalexample><screen>
344	fjpop-guest	24663	# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname
345	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
346
347			If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of
348			driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> file into the
349			desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the
350			interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect.
351
352			</para>
353			</sect3>
354
355			<sect3>
356			<title>Configure Locales</title>
357			<para>
358
359			To configure your locale settings to use a language other than
360	fjp	39463	English, install the <classname>locales</classname> support package
361			and configure it:
362	toff	3352
363			<informalexample><screen>
364	fjp	39463	# aptitude install locales
365	fjpop-guest	24663	# dpkg-reconfigure locales
366	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
367
368	fjp	39463	NOTE: <classname>apt</classname> must be configured beforehand by creating
369			a sources.list and running <command>aptitude update</command>.
370	toff	3352	Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1,
371	fjpop-guest	22935	please consult the appropriate localization HOWTO.
372	toff	3352
373			</para>
374			</sect3>
375			</sect2>
376
377			<sect2>
378			<title>Install a Kernel</title>
379			<para>
380
381			If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel
382			and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with
383
384			<informalexample><screen>
385	fjp	36758	# apt-cache search <phrase condition="classic-kpkg">kernel</phrase><phrase condition="common-kpkg">linux</phrase>-image
386	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
387
388			Then install your choice using its package name.
389
390			<informalexample><screen>
391	fjp	39463	# aptitude install <phrase condition="classic-kpkg">kernel</phrase><phrase condition="common-kpkg">linux</phrase>-image-<replaceable>&kernelversion;-arch-etc</replaceable>
392	toff	3352	</screen></informalexample>
393
394			</para>
395			</sect2>
396
397			<sect2>
398			<title>Set up the Boot Loader</title>
399			<para>
400
401	fjpop-guest	12756	To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load
402	fjp	39463	the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that
403			<command>debootstrap</command> does not install a boot loader, though you
404			can use <command>aptitude</command> inside your Debian chroot to do so.
405	toff	3352
406	toff	4119	</para><para arch="i386">
407	toff	3352
408	joeyh	18643	Check <userinput>info grub</userinput> or <userinput>man
409			lilo.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up the
410			bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just
411	mck-guest	18767	add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub
412	joeyh	18773	<filename>menu.lst</filename> or <filename>lilo.conf</filename>. For
413	mck-guest	18767	<filename>lilo.conf</filename>, you could also copy it to the new system and
414	joeyh	18643	edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use
415	mck-guest	18767	<filename>lilo.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from).
416	toff	3352
417	toff	4119	</para><para arch="i386">
418	toff	3352
419	mck-guest	18767	Here is a basic <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> as an example:
420	toff	3352
421			<informalexample><screen>
422			boot=/dev/hda6
423			root=/dev/hda6
424	fjp	31139	install=menu
425	toff	3352	delay=20
426			lba32
427			image=/vmlinuz
428			label=Debian
429			</screen></informalexample>
430
431	toff	4119	</para><para arch="powerpc">
432	toff	3352
433			Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on
434			setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to
435			install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your
436	mck-guest	18767	existing <filename>yaboot.conf</filename>. You could also copy it to
437			the new system and
438	toff	3352	edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will
439	mck-guest	18767	use <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from).
440	toff	3352
441	toff	4119	</para><para arch="powerpc">
442	toff	3352
443	mck-guest	18767	Here is a basic <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> as an example:
444	toff	3352
445			<informalexample><screen>
446			boot=/dev/hda2
447			device=hd:
448			partition=6
449			root=/dev/hda6
450			magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot
451			timeout=50
452			image=/vmlinux
453			label=Debian
454			</screen></informalexample>
455
456	fjp	28672	On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput>
457			instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>.
458	toff	3352
459			</para>
460			</sect2>
461			</sect1>