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<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<sect2 arch="i386"><title>Booting from a CD-ROM</title>
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&boot-installer-intro-cd.xml;
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<para>
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You may need to configure your hardware as indicated in
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<xref linkend="boot-dev-select"/>. Then put the CD-ROM into the drive,
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and reboot. The system should boot up, and you should be presented
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with the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. Here you can enter your
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boot arguments, or just hit &enterkey;.
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</para><para>
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<!-- We'll comment the following section until we know exact layout -->
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<!--
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CD #1 of official Debian CD-ROM sets for &arch-title; will present a
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<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt on most hardware. Press
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<keycap>F3</keycap> to see the list of kernel options available
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from which to boot. Just type your chosen flavor name (idepci,
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vanilla, compact, bf24) at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt
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followed by &enterkey;.
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</para><para>
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If your hardware doesn't support booting of multiple images, put one
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of the other CDs in the drive. It appears that most SCSI CD-ROM drives
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do not support <command>isolinux</command> multiple image booting, so users
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with SCSI CD-ROMs should try either CD2 (vanilla) or CD3 (compact),
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or CD5 (bf2.4).
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</para><para>
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CD's 2 through 5 will each boot a
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different ``flavor'' depending on which CD-ROM is
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inserted. See <xref linkend="kernel-choice"/> for a discussion of the
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different flavors. Here's how the flavors are laid out on the
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different CD-ROMs:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CD 1</term><listitem><para>
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Allows a selection of kernel images to boot from (the idepci flavor is
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the default if no selection is made).
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CD 2</term><listitem><para>
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Boots the `vanilla' flavor.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CD 3</term><listitem><para>
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Boots the `compact' flavor.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CD 4</term><listitem><para>
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Boots the `idepci' flavor.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CD 5</term><listitem><para>
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Boots the `bf2.4' flavor.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para><para>
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-->
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If your system can't boot directly from CD-ROM, or you simply can't
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seem to get it to work, don't despair; you can simply run
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<command>E:\install\boot.bat</command> under DOS (replace
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<userinput>E:</userinput> with whatever drive letter DOS assigns to
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your CD-ROM drive) to start the installation process. Then, skip down
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to <xref linkend="init-config"/>.
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</para><para>
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Also, if you're going to be installing from a FAT (DOS) partition, you
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have the option of booting the installer from the hard disk. See
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<xref linkend="install-from-dos"/> for more information on
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installing via this method.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 arch="i386" id="install-from-dos">
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<title>Booting from a DOS partition</title>
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&boot-installer-intro-hd.xml;
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<para>
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Boot into DOS (not Windows) without any drivers being loaded. To do
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this, you have to press <keycap>F8</keycap> at exactly the right
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moment (and optionally select the `safe mode command prompt only'
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option). Enter the subdirectory for the flavor you chose, e.g.,
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<informalexample><screen>
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cd c:\current\compact
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</screen></informalexample>.
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Next, execute <command>install.bat</command>.
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The kernel will load and launch the installer system.
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</para><para>
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Please note, there is currently a loadlin problem (#142421) which
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precludes <filename>install.bat</filename> from being used with the
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bf2.4 flavor. The symptom of the problem is an
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<computeroutput>invalid compressed format</computeroutput> error.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 arch="i386" id="boot-initrd">
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<title>Booting from linux using <command>LILO</command> or
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<command>GRUB</command></title>
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<para>
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One <emphasis>initrd=</emphasis> line in
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<filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> is enough to configure two
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essentials things:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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tell <command>LILO</command> to load the <filename>initrd.gz</filename>
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installer as a RAM disk at boot time;
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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tell the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> kernel to use this RAM disk as
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its root partition.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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Here is a <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> example:
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</para><para>
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<informalexample><screen>
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image=/boot/newinstall/vmlinuz
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label=newinstall
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initrd=/boot/newinstall/initrd.gz
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append="devfs=mount,dall"
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</screen></informalexample>
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<emphasis>root=/dev/hdXYZ</emphasis> options in
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<filename>lilo.conf</filename> will be ignored in this case.
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For more details, refer to the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>initrd</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lilo.conf</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages. Now run
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<userinput>lilo</userinput> and reboot.
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</para><para>
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Procedure for <command>GRUB</command> is quite similar. Locate your
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<filename>menu.lst</filename> in the <filename>/boot/grub/</filename>
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directory (sometimes in the <filename>/boot/boot/grub/</filename>),
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add the following lines:
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<informalexample><screen>
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title New Install
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kernel (hd0,0)/boot/newinstall/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=8192 devfs=mount,dall
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initrd (hd0,0)/boot/newinstall/initrd.gz
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</screen></informalexample>
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and reboot. From now on, there should be no difference between
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<command>GRUB</command> or <command>LILO</command>.
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</para><para>
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You can trace the <filename>initrd</filename> magic at work several
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times during the boot.
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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before the kernel has even been loaded, <command>LILO</command>
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displays a much longer <computeroutput>Loading
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<replaceable>imagelabel</replaceable>......</computeroutput> line with
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more dots than usual, showing the progression of the RAM disk image
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loading.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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You should see the <computeroutput>RAM disk driver
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initialized</computeroutput>
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notice, near the real time clock initialization, proving that your
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kernel supports the RAM disk feature.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Finally, if you don't see <computeroutput>RAMDISK: ext2 filesystem
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found at block 0</computeroutput> immediately after the partition
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checks, it's probably because
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your kernel miss the <filename>initrd</filename> feature.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para><para condition="FIXME">
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You should now see the debian installer running. If you do not use any
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removable medium, you want to check very early that your network
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connection is working and <emphasis>before</emphasis> irreversibly
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partitioning your hard disk. So you maybe need to
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<userinput>insmod</userinput> some additional kernel modules for this,
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for instance for your network interface. It's time
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> to follow the order of steps suggested by
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<command>debian-installer</command>. Leap directly to <userinput>Mount a
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Previously-Initialized Partition</userinput>, and mount the partition
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where you stored the modules that you extracted from
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<filename>drivers.tgz</filename> (<xref linkend="files-lilo"></xref>).
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</para>
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<!-- Ideally, configure Device Driver Modules should support the
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following (insmod-ing from the hard-disk) and not only from a floppy.
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That would avoid the need to open a shell -->
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<para>
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Then switch to an other virtual terminal and use a shell (see
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<xref linkend="shell"/>) to find drivers
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in the just mounted <filename>/target</filename>
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directory. <userinput>insmod</userinput> the ones you need.
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</para><para>
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Go to <xref linkend="netcfg"/> in the
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<command>debian-installer</command> installer menus, and
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<userinput>ping</userinput> your favorite debian mirror at last.
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Congratulations!
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</para><para>
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Use <userinput>Unmount a Partition</userinput> if you have mounted one
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in the previous
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paragraph, safely go back to the partitioning steps at the start of
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<command>debian-installer</command> and follow the regular procedure,
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with the network as a bonus. At this stage, it is even possible
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(only a bit risky) to completely wipe out all the previous partitions
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on your hard drive for a very clean installation. The only risk is that
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your hard drive will be un-bootable for a short period of time.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 arch="i386" id="usb-boot">
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<title>Booting from USB memory stick</title>
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<para>
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Lets assume you have prepared everything from <xref
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linkend="boot-dev-select"/> and <xref linkend="boot-usb-files"/>. Now
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just plug your USB stick into some free USB connector and reboot the
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computer. The system should boot up, and you should be presented with
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the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. Here you can enter optional boot
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arguments, or just hit &enterkey;.
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</para><para>
|
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In case your computer doesn't support booting from USB memory devices,
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you can still use a single floppy to do the initial boot and then
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switch to USB. Advance according to <xref linkend="floppy-boot"/>; the
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kernel on boot floppy should detect your USB stick automatically. When
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it asks for the root floppy, simply press &enterkey;. You should see
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&d-i; starting.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 arch="i386" id="floppy-boot">
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<title>Booting from Floppies</title>
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<para>
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You will have already downloaded the floppy images you needed and
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created floppies from the images in <xref linkend="create-floppy"/>.
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If you need to, you can also modify the boot floppy; see
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<xref linkend="rescue-replace-kernel"/>.
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</para><para>
|
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To boot from the installer boot floppy, place it in the primary floppy
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drive, shut down the system as you normally would, then turn it back
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on.
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</para><para>
|
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For installing from a LS-120 drive (ATAPI version) with a set of
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floppies, you need to specify the virtual location for the floppy
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device. This is done with the <emphasis>root=</emphasis> boot
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argument, giving the device that the ide-floppy driver maps the device
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to. For example, if your is connected as first IDE device on second
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cable, you enter <userinput>linux.bin root=/dev/hdc</userinput> on the
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boot prompt. Installation from LS120 is only supported by 2.4 and
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later kernels.
|
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| 326 |
</para><para>
|
| 327 |
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Note that on some machines, <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap>
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<keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo> does not
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properly reset the machine, so a ``hard'' reboot is recommended. If
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you are installing from an existing operating system (e.g., from a DOS
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box) you don't have a choice. Otherwise, please do a hard reboot when
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booting.
|
| 334 |
|
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</para><para>
|
| 336 |
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The floppy disk will be accessed, and you should then see a screen
|
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that introduces the boot floppy and ends with the <prompt>boot:</prompt>
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prompt.
|
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|
| 341 |
</para><para>
|
| 342 |
|
| 343 |
You can do two things at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. You can
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press the function keys <keycap>F1</keycap> through
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<keycap>F10</keycap> to view a few pages of helpful information, or
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you can boot the system.
|
| 347 |
|
| 348 |
</para><para>
|
| 349 |
|
| 350 |
Information on boot parameters which might be useful can be found by
|
| 351 |
pressing <keycap>F4</keycap> and <keycap>F5</keycap>. If you add any
|
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parameters to
|
| 353 |
the boot command line, be sure to type the boot method (the default is
|
| 354 |
<userinput>linux</userinput>) and a space before the first parameter (e.g.,
|
| 355 |
<userinput>linux floppy=thinkpad</userinput>). If you simply press &enterkey;,
|
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that's the same as typing <userinput>linux</userinput> without any special
|
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parameters.
|
| 358 |
|
| 359 |
</para><para>
|
| 360 |
|
| 361 |
Once you press &enterkey;, you should see the message
|
| 362 |
<computeroutput>Loading...</computeroutput>, followed by
|
| 363 |
<computeroutput>Uncompressing Linux...</computeroutput>, and
|
| 364 |
then a screenful or so of information about the hardware in your
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| 365 |
system. More information on this phase of the boot process can be
|
| 366 |
found below in <xref linkend="kernel-msgs"/>.
|
| 367 |
|
| 368 |
</para><para>
|
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
After booting from the boot floppy, the root floppy is
|
| 371 |
requested. Insert the root floppy and press &enterkey;, and the
|
| 372 |
contents are loaded into memory. The installer program
|
| 373 |
<command>debian-installer</command> is automatically launched.
|
| 374 |
|
| 375 |
</para>
|
| 376 |
</sect2>
|
| 377 |
|
| 378 |
<sect2 arch="i386" id="boot-tftp"><title>Booting with TFTP</title>
|
| 379 |
|
| 380 |
&boot-installer-intro-net.xml;
|
| 381 |
|
| 382 |
<para>
|
| 383 |
|
| 384 |
There are various ways to do a TFTP boot on i386.
|
| 385 |
|
| 386 |
</para>
|
| 387 |
|
| 388 |
<sect3><title>Etherboot</title>
|
| 389 |
<para>
|
| 390 |
|
| 391 |
The <ulink url="http://www.etherboot.org">etherboot project</ulink>
|
| 392 |
provides bootdiskettes and even bootroms that do a TFTPboot.
|
| 393 |
|
| 394 |
</para>
|
| 395 |
</sect3>
|
| 396 |
|
| 397 |
<sect3><title>NIC with network bootROM</title>
|
| 398 |
<para>
|
| 399 |
|
| 400 |
It could be that your Network Interface Card provides
|
| 401 |
TFTP boot functionality.
|
| 402 |
|
| 403 |
</para><para condition="FIXME">
|
| 404 |
|
| 405 |
Let us (<email>&email-debian-boot-list;</email>) know how did you manage it.
|
| 406 |
Please refer to this document.
|
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
</para>
|
| 409 |
</sect3>
|
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
<sect3><title>NIC or Motherboard that support PXE</title>
|
| 412 |
<para>
|
| 413 |
|
| 414 |
It could be that your Network Interface Card or Motherboard provides
|
| 415 |
PXE boot functionality.
|
| 416 |
Which is a <trademark class="trade">Intel</trademark> re-implemention
|
| 417 |
of TFTP boot.
|
| 418 |
|
| 419 |
</para><para condition="FIXME">
|
| 420 |
|
| 421 |
Let us (<email>&email-debian-boot-list;</email>) know how did you manage it.
|
| 422 |
Please refer to this document.
|
| 423 |
|
| 424 |
<!-- from #debian-boot 2004-03-13
|
| 425 |
06:37 -!- SuperQ [ben@trogdor.likes.to.burninate.net] has joined #debian-boot
|
| 426 |
06:38 < SuperQ> anyone done much with d-i on pxe boot?
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| 427 |
06:39 < SuperQ> I got it all setup, daily build from sjogren's files
|
| 428 |
06:39 < joshk> yes, it works
|
| 429 |
06:39 < SuperQ> "Warning: unable to open an initial console."
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| 430 |
06:39 < SuperQ> Kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
|
| 431 |
06:39 < joshk> pass devfs=mount to the kernel
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| 432 |
06:40 < joshk> in pxelinux.cfg/whatever
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| 433 |
06:40 < SuperQ> oh.. that's changed since the bug tracking post
|
| 434 |
06:40 < SuperQ> http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing/2003/debian-testing-200311/msg00098.html
|
| 435 |
06:40 < SuperQ> that says to devfs=nomount
|
| 436 |
06:41 < SuperQ> should probably copy the bulk of that message into
|
| 437 |
debian/dists/sarge/main/installer-i386/current/doc/INSTALLATION-HOWTO
|
| 438 |
06:41 < SuperQ> :) )
|
| 439 |
06:41 < joshk> that's from months ago
|
| 440 |
06:41 < joshk> :P
|
| 441 |
06:41 < SuperQ> I know
|
| 442 |
06:42 < SuperQ> but it's still referanced in the howto
|
| 443 |
06:42 < SuperQ> yay! it works now
|
| 444 |
06:42 * SuperQ gives his new ThinkPad X31 some sarge love
|
| 445 |
06:42 < SuperQ> I'll have to write up a page on Sarge/D-I and things for
|
| 446 |
linux-laptops.net
|
| 447 |
06:45 < SuperQ> thanks joshk
|
| 448 |
-->
|
| 449 |
</para>
|
| 450 |
</sect3>
|
| 451 |
</sect2>
|
| 452 |
|
| 453 |
<sect2 arch="i386"><title>i386 Boot Parameters</title>
|
| 454 |
<para>
|
| 455 |
|
| 456 |
If you are booting from the boot floppy or from CD-ROM you will be
|
| 457 |
presented with the boot prompt, <prompt>boot:</prompt>. Details
|
| 458 |
about how to use boot parameters with the boot floppy can be found
|
| 459 |
in <xref linkend="floppy-boot"/>. If you are booting from an
|
| 460 |
existing operating system, you'll have to use other means to set boot
|
| 461 |
parameters. For instance, if you are installing from DOS, you can
|
| 462 |
edit the <filename>install.bat</filename> file with any text editor.
|
| 463 |
|
| 464 |
</para><para>
|
| 465 |
|
| 466 |
Some systems have floppies with ``inverted DCLs''. If you receive
|
| 467 |
errors reading from the floppy, even when you know the floppy is good,
|
| 468 |
try the parameter <userinput>floppy=thinkpad</userinput>.
|
| 469 |
|
| 470 |
</para><para>
|
| 471 |
|
| 472 |
On some systems, such as the IBM PS/1 or ValuePoint (which have ST-506
|
| 473 |
disk drivers), the IDE drive may not be properly recognized. Again,
|
| 474 |
try it first without the parameters and see if the IDE drive is
|
| 475 |
recognized properly. If not, determine your drive geometry
|
| 476 |
(cylinders, heads, and sectors), and use the parameter
|
| 477 |
<userinput>hd=<replaceable>cylinders</replaceable>,<replaceable>heads</replaceable>,<replaceable>sectors</replaceable></userinput>.
|
| 478 |
|
| 479 |
</para><para>
|
| 480 |
|
| 481 |
If you have a very old machine, and the kernel hangs after saying
|
| 482 |
<computeroutput>Checking 'hlt' instruction...</computeroutput>, then
|
| 483 |
you should try the <userinput>no-hlt</userinput> boot argument, which
|
| 484 |
disables this test.
|
| 485 |
|
| 486 |
</para><para>
|
| 487 |
|
| 488 |
If your screen begins to show a weird picture while the kernel boots,
|
| 489 |
eg. pure white, pure black or colored pixel garbage, your system may
|
| 490 |
contain a problematic video card which does not switch to the
|
| 491 |
framebuffer mode properly. Then you can use the boot parameter
|
| 492 |
<userinput>video=vga16:off</userinput> to disable the framebuffer
|
| 493 |
console. The language chooser will not appear; only the english
|
| 494 |
language will be available during the installation due to limited
|
| 495 |
console features. See <xref linkend="boot-parms"/> for details.
|
| 496 |
|
| 497 |
</para>
|
| 498 |
</sect2>
|
| 499 |
|
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
<sect2 arch="i386">
|
| 502 |
<title>System freeze during the PCMCIA configuration phase</title>
|
| 503 |
|
| 504 |
<para>
|
| 505 |
|
| 506 |
Some laptop models produced by DELL are known to crash when PCMCIA device
|
| 507 |
detection tries to access some hardware addresses. If you experience a such problem, try the following workaround:
|
| 508 |
<itemizedlist>
|
| 509 |
<listitem><para>
|
| 510 |
|
| 511 |
prepare the root filesystem and install kernel and modules, but do not
|
| 512 |
start PCMCIA configuration immediately
|
| 513 |
|
| 514 |
</para></listitem>
|
| 515 |
<listitem><para>
|
| 516 |
|
| 517 |
enter the system shell (see <xref linkend="shell"/> for
|
| 518 |
details)
|
| 519 |
|
| 520 |
</para></listitem>
|
| 521 |
<listitem><para>
|
| 522 |
|
| 523 |
execute this command:
|
| 524 |
<userinput>echo exclude port 0x810-0x81f >>
|
| 525 |
/target/etc/pcmcia/config.opts</userinput>
|
| 526 |
|
| 527 |
</para></listitem>
|
| 528 |
<listitem><para>
|
| 529 |
|
| 530 |
now return to the main menu and run the PCMCIA configuration part
|
| 531 |
|
| 532 |
</para></listitem>
|
| 533 |
</itemizedlist>
|
| 534 |
|
| 535 |
</para>
|
| 536 |
</sect2>
|
| 537 |
|
| 538 |
<sect2 arch="i386">
|
| 539 |
<title>System freeze while loading the USB modules</title>
|
| 540 |
<para>
|
| 541 |
|
| 542 |
The kernel normaly tries to install the USB and USB keyboard driver in
|
| 543 |
order to allow the installation for users of some non-standard USB keyboards.
|
| 544 |
However, there are few broken USB systems where the driver hangs on loading. A
|
| 545 |
possible workaround may be disabling of the USB controller in your mainboard
|
| 546 |
BIOS setup. Another way is passing the <userinput>nousb</userinput>
|
| 547 |
argument on the boot prompt, which will prevent the modules from
|
| 548 |
beeing loaded even if USB hardware has been detected.
|
| 549 |
|
| 550 |
</para>
|
| 551 |
</sect2>
|
| 552 |
|
| 553 |
|
| 554 |
|
| 555 |
|
| 556 |
|
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