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<appendix id="installation-howto">
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<title>Installation Howto</title>
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<para>
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This document describes how to install &debian; &releasename; for
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the &arch-title; (<quote>&architecture;</quote>) with the
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new &d-i;. It is a quick walkthrough of the installation process
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which should contain all the information you will need for most installs.
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When more information can be useful, we will link to more detailed
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explanations in the <link linkend="debian_installation_guide">&debian;
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Installation Guide</link>.
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</para>
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<sect1 id="howto-preliminaries">
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<title>Preliminaries</title>
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<para>
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<phrase condition="unofficial-build">
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The debian-installer is still in a beta state.
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</phrase>
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If you encounter bugs during your install, please refer to
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<xref linkend="submit-bug" /> for instructions
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on how to report them. If you have questions which cannot be
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answered by this document, please direct them to the debian-boot
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mailing list (&email-debian-boot-list;) or ask on IRC (#debian-boot
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on the freenode network).
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="howto-getting-images">
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<title>Booting the installer</title>
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<para>
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<phrase condition="unofficial-build">
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For some quick links to CD images, check out the <ulink url="&url-d-i;">
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&d-i; home page</ulink>.
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</phrase>
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The debian-cd team provides builds of CD images using &d-i; on the
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<ulink url="&url-debian-cd;">Debian CD page</ulink>.
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For more information on where to get CDs, see <xref linkend="official-cdrom" />.
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</para><para>
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Some installation methods require other images than CD images.
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<phrase condition="unofficial-build">
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The <ulink url="&url-d-i;">&d-i; home page</ulink> has links to
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other images.
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</phrase>
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<xref linkend="where-files" /> explains how to find images on Debian
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mirrors.
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</para><para>
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The subsections below will give the details about which images you should
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get for each possible means of installation.
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</para>
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<sect2 id="howto-getting-images-cdrom">
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<title>CDROM</title>
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<para>
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There are two different netinst CD images which can be used to install
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&releasename; with the &d-i;. These images are intended to boot from CD
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and install additional packages over a network, hence the name 'netinst'.
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The difference between the two images is that on the full netinst image
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the base packages are included, whereas you have to download these from
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the web if you are using the business card image. If you'd rather, you can
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get a full size CD image which will not need the network to install. You
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only need the first CD of the set.
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</para><para>
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Download whichever type you prefer and burn it to a CD.
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<phrase arch="i386">To boot the CD, you may need to change your BIOS
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configuration, as explained in <xref linkend="bios-setup" />.</phrase>
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<phrase arch="powerpc">
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To boot a PowerMac from CD, press the <keycap>c</keycap> key while booting. See
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<xref linkend="boot-cd" /> for other ways to boot from CD.
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</phrase>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 condition="supports-floppy-boot" id="howto-getting-images-floppy">
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<title>Floppy</title>
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<para>
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If you can't boot from CD, you can download floppy images to install
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Debian. You need the <filename>floppy/boot.img</filename>, the
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<filename>floppy/root.img</filename> and possibly one of the driver disks.
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</para><para>
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The boot floppy is the one with <filename>boot.img</filename> on it.
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This floppy, when booted, will prompt you to insert a second floppy —
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use the one with <filename>root.img</filename> on it.
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</para><para>
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If you're planning to install over the network, you will usually need
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the <filename>floppy/net-drivers.img</filename>, which contains additional
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drivers for many ethernet cards, and support for PCMCIA.
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</para><para>
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If you have a CD, but cannot boot from it, then boot from floppies and use
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<filename>floppy/cd-drivers.img</filename> on a driver disk to complete the
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install using the CD.
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</para><para>
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Floppy disks are one of the least reliable media around, so be prepared for
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lots of bad disks (see <xref linkend="unreliable-floppies" />). Each
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<filename>.img</filename> file you downloaded goes on a single floppy;
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you can use the dd command to write it to /dev/fd0 or some other means
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(see <xref linkend="create-floppy" /> for details).
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Since you'll have more than one floppy, it's a good idea to label them.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 condition="bootable-usb" id="howto-getting-images-usb">
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<title>USB memory stick</title>
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<para>
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It's also possible to install from removable USB storage devices. For
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example a USB keychain can make a handy Debian install media that you
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can take with you anywhere.
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</para><para>
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The easiest way to prepare your USB memory stick is to download
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<filename>hd-media/boot.img.gz</filename>, and use gunzip to extract the 128 MB
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image from that file. Write this image directly to your memory stick, which
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must be at least 128 mb in size. Of course this will destroy anything already
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on the memory stick. Then mount the memory stick, which will now have a FAT
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filesystem on it. Next, download a Debian netinst CD image, and copy that file
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to the memory stick; any filename is ok as long as it ends in ".iso".
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</para><para>
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There are other, more flexible ways to set up a memory stick to use the
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debian-installer, and it's possible to get it to work with smaller memory
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sticks. For details, see <xref linkend="boot-usb-files" />.
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</para><para arch="i386">
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Some BIOSes can boot USB storage directly, and some cannot. You may need to
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configure your BIOS to boot from a "removable drive" or even a "USB-ZIP" to
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get it to boot from the USB device. If it doesn't, you can boot from one
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floppy and use the USB stick for the rest of the install. For helpful hints
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and details, see <xref linkend="usb-boot" />.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="howto-getting-images-netboot">
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<title>Booting from network</title>
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<para>
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It's also possible to boot &d-i; completely from the net. The
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various methods to netboot depend on your architecture and netboot setup.
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The files in <filename>netboot/</filename> can be used to netboot &d-i;.
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</para><para arch="i386">
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The easiest thing to set up is probably PXE netbooting. Untar the
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file <filename>netboot/pxeboot.tar.gz</filename> into
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<filename>/var/lib/tftpboot</filename> or
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wherever is appropriate for your tftp server. Set up your DHCP server to pass
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filename <filename>/pxelinux.0</filename> to clients, and it with luck
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everything will just work.
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For detailed instructions, see <xref linkend="install-tftp" />
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="howto-getting-images-hard-disk">
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<title>Booting from hard disk</title>
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<para>
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It's possible to boot the installer using no removable media, but just an
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existing hard disk, which can have a different OS on it. Download
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<filename>hd-media/initrd.gz</filename>, <filename>hd-media/vmlinuz</filename>,
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and a Debian CD image to the top-level directory of the hard disk. Make sure
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that the CD image has a filename ending in ".iso". Now it's just a matter of
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booting linux with the initrd.
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<phrase arch="i386">
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<xref linkend="boot-initrd" /> explains one way to do it.
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</phrase>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="howto-installation">
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<title>Installation</title>
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<para>
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Once the installer starts, you will be greeted with an initial screen. Press
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&enterkey; to boot, or read the instructions for other boot
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methods and parameters (see <xref linkend="boot-parms" />).
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<phrase arch="i386">
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If you want a 2.6 kernel, type <userinput>linux26</userinput> at the
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<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt.
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<footnote><para>
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The 2.6 kernel is available for most boot methods, but not when booting from
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a floppy.
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</para></footnote>
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</phrase>
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</para><para>
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After a while you will be asked to select your language. Use the arrow keys
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to pick a language and press &enterkey; to continue. Next you'll be asked to
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select your country, with the choices including countries where your
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language is spoken. If it's not on the short list, a list of all the
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countries in the world is available.
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</para><para>
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You may be asked to confirm your keyboard layout. Choose the default unless
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you know better.
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</para><para>
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Now sit back while debian-installer detects some of your hardware, and
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loads the rest of itself from CD, floppy, USB, etc.
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</para><para>
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Next the installer will try to detect your network hardware and set up
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networking by DHCP. If you are not on a network or do not have DHCP, you
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will be given the opportunity to configure the network manually.
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</para><para>
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Now it is time to partition your disks. First you will be given the
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opportunity to automatically partition either an entire drive, or free
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space on a drive. This is recommended for new users or anyone in a hurry,
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but if you do not want to autopartition, choose manual from the menu.
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</para><para>
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On the next screen you will see your partition table, how the partitions
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will be formatted, and where they will be mounted. Select a partition to
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modify or delete it. If you did automatic partitioning, you should just be
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able to choose "Finished partitioning" from the menu to use what it set up.
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Remember to assign at least one partition for swap space and to mount a
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partition on <filename>/</filename>. <xref linkend="partitioning" /> has more information
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about partitioning.
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</para><para>
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Now &d-i; formats your partitions and starts to install the base system,
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which can take a while. That is followed by installing a kernel.
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</para><para>
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The last step is to install a boot loader. If the installer detects
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other operating systems on your computer, it will add them to the boot menu
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and let you know.
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<phrase arch="i386">By default GRUB will be installed to the master boot
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record of the first harddrive, which is generally a good choice. You'll be
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given the opportunity to override that choice and install it elsewhere.
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</phrase>
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</para><para>
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&d-i; will now tell you that the installation has
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finished. Remove the cdrom or other boot media and hit &enterkey;
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to reboot your machine. It should boot up into the next stage of the install
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process, which is explained in <xref linkend="boot-new" />.
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</para><para>
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If you need more information on the install process, see
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<xref linkend="d-i-intro" />.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="howto-installation-report">
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<title>Send us an installation report</title>
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<para>
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If you successfully managed an installation with &d-i;,
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please take time to provide us with a report. There is a template
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named <filename>install-report.template</filename> in the
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<filename>/root</filename> directory of a freshly
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installed system. Please fill it out and file it as a bug against the
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package <classname>installation-reports</classname>, as explained in
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<xref linkend="submit-bug" />.
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</para><para>
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If you did not reach base-config or ran into other trouble, you
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probably found a bug in debian-installer. To improve the installer it
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is necessary that we know about them, so please take the time to
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report them. You can use an installation report to report problems;
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if the install completely fails, see <xref linkend="problem-report" />.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="howto-installation-finally">
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<title>And finally..</title>
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<para>
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We hope that your Debian installation is pleasant and that you find Debian
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useful. You might want to read <xref linkend="post-install" />.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</appendix>
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