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<!-- $Id: packages.xml 11648 2004-03-22 00:37:46Z joeyh $ -->
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<sect2 id="install-packages">
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<title>Package Installation: Simple or Advanced</title>
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<para>
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You will next be presented with a list of programs you can use to
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select packages you wish to install. You can choose between the simple
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way of selecting packages, or the more fine-grained, advanced way. We
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recommend you start with the simple way, since you can always run the
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more advanced way at any time.
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</para><para>
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You should know that for simple installation,
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<command>base-config</command> is merely invoking the
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<command>tasksel</command> program. For advanced package
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installation, the <command>dselect</command> or
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<command>aptitude</command> program is being run. Any of these can be
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run at any time after installation to install (or remove) more
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packages. If you are looking for a specific single package, after
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installation is complete, simply run <userinput>apt-get install
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<replaceable>package</replaceable></userinput>, where
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<replaceable>package</replaceable> is the name of the package you are
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looking for.
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</para>
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<sect3 id="tasksel">
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<title>Simple Package Selection — The Task Installer</title>
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<para>
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If you chose <quote>simple</quote> installation with
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<command>tasksel</command>, you will next be thrown into the Task
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Installer. This technique offers you a number of pre-rolled software
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configurations offered by Debian. You could always choose, package by
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package, what you want to install on your new machine. This is the
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purpose of the <command>dselect</command> program, described below.
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But this can be a long task with around &num-of-distrib-pkgs; packages
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available in Debian!
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</para><para>
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So, you have the ability to choose <emphasis>tasks</emphasis> first,
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and then add on more individual packages later. These tasks loosely
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represent a number of different jobs or things you want to do with
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your computer, such as <quote>desktop environment</quote>,
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<quote>development in C</quote>, or <quote>file server</quote>.
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</para><para>
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For each task, you can highlight that task and select <guibutton>Task
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Info</guibutton> to see more information on that task. This will show
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you an extended description and the list of packages which will be
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installed for that task. A table showing approximate sizes of the
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various tasks for planning purposes is in <xref
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linkend="tasksel-size-list"/>.
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</para><para>
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Once you've selected your tasks, select
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<guibutton>Finish</guibutton>. At this point,
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<command>apt-get</command> will install the packages you've
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selected. Note, if you did not select any tasks at all, any standard,
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important, or required priority packages that are not yet present on
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your system will be installed. This functionality is the same as
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running tasksel -s at the command line, and currently involves
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a download of about 37M of archives. You will be shown the number of
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packages to be installed, and how many kilobytes of packages, if any,
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need to be downloaded.
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</para><para>
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Of the &num-of-distrib-pkgs; packages available in Debian, only
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a small minority are covered by tasks offered in the Task Installer.
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To see information on more packages, either use <userinput>apt-cache
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search <replaceable>search-string</replaceable></userinput> for some
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given search string (see the <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>apt-cache</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> man page), or run <command>dselect</command> or
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<command>aptitude</command> as described below.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="dselect">
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<title>Advanced Package Selection with <command>dselect</command></title>
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<para>
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If you are conservative user you'll probably choose the
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<command>dselect</command> program. The <ulink
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url="&url-dselect-beginner;">dselect Tutorial</ulink> is required
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reading before you run <command>dselect</command>.
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<command>dselect</command> allows you to select individual
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<emphasis>packages</emphasis> to be installed on your system. (You
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have to be the super-user (root) when you run
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<command>dselect</command>.)
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="aptitude">
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<title>Advanced Package Selection with <command>aptitude</command></title>
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<para>
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<command>Aptitude</command> is a modern program for managing
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packages. Its gui and keyboard commands somewhat resemble the famous
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<command>dselect</command>, but it has more bells and whistles
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attached, so it should not scare new users so much. (You have to try
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the integrated minesweeper!) <command>aptitude</command> allows you to
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select individual packages, set of packages matching given criteria
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(for advanced users), or whole tasks.
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</para><para>
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The most basic keybindings are:
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Key</entry><entry>Action</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><keycap>Up</keycap>, <keycap>Down</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Move selection up or down.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry>&enterkey;</entry>
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<entry>Open/collapse/activate item.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><keycap>+</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Mark package for installation.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><keycap>-</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Mark package for removal.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><keycap>d</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Show package dependencies.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><keycap>g</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Actually download/install/remove packages.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><keycap>q</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Quit current view.</entry>
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</row><row>
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<entry><keycap>F10</keycap></entry>
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<entry>Activate menu.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
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For more commands see the online help under the <keycap>?</keycap> key.
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</para><para>
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Although <command>aptitude</command> is meant to be familiar to the
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<command>dselect</command> users, it provides much more features and
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can be customized to a great degree. (You can define you own
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keybindings, colors and package views). After installation you can
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explore <command>aptitude</command> capabilities by reading
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</filename>.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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