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<!-- $Id: schemes.xml,v 1.5 2004/03/19 17:10:00 mck-guest Exp $ -->
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<sect1>
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<title>Recommended Partitioning Scheme</title>
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<para>
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For new users, personal Debian boxes, home systems, and other
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single-user setups, a single <filename>/</filename> partition (plus
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swap) is probably the easiest, simplest way to go. However, if your
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partition is larger than around 6GB, choose ext3 as your partition
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type. Ext2 partitions need periodic file system integrity checking,
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and this can cause delays during booting when the partition is large.
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</para><para>
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For multi-user systems or systems with lots of disk space, it's best
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to put <filename>/usr</filename>, <filename>/var</filename>,
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<filename>/tmp</filename>, and <filename>/home</filename> each on
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their own partitions separate from the <filename>/</filename>
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partition.
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</para><para>
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You might need a separate <filename>/usr/local</filename> partition if
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you plan to install many programs that are not part of the Debian
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distribution. If your machine will be a mail server, you might need
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to make <filename>/var/mail</filename> a separate partition. Often,
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putting <filename>/tmp</filename> on its own partition, for instance
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20 to 50MB, is a good idea. If you are setting up a server with lots
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of user accounts, it's generally good to have a separate, large
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<filename>/home</filename> partition. In general, the partitioning
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situation varies from computer to computer depending on its uses.
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</para><para>
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For very complex systems, you should see the
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<ulink url="&url-multidisk-howto;">
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Multi Disk HOWTO</ulink>. This contains in-depth information, mostly
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of interest to ISPs and people setting up servers.
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</para><para>
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With respect to the issue of swap partition size, there are many
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views. One rule of thumb which works well is to use as much swap as
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you have system memory. It also shouldn't be smaller than 16MB, in
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most cases. Of course, there are exceptions to these rules. If you
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are trying to solve 10000 simultaneous equations on a machine with
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256MB of memory, you may need a gigabyte (or more) of swap.
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</para><para arch="m68k">
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On the other hand, Atari Falcons and Macs feel pain when swapping, so
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instead of making a large swap partition, get as much RAM as possible.
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</para><para>
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On 32-bit architectures (i386, m68k, 32-bit SPARC, and PowerPC), the
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maximum size of a swap partition is 2GB. That should be enough for
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nearly any installation. However, if your swap requirements are this
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high, you should probably try to spread the swap across different
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disks (also called <quote>spindles</quote>) and, if possible, different SCSI or
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IDE channels. The kernel will balance swap usage between multiple
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swap partitions, giving better performance.
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</para><para>
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As an example, an older home machine might have 32MB of RAM and a
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1.7GB IDE drive on <filename>/dev/hda</filename>. There might be a
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500MB partition for another operating system on
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<filename>/dev/hda1</filename>, a 32MB swap partition on
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<filename>/dev/hda3</filename> and about 1.2GB on
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<filename>/dev/hda2</filename>) as the Linux partition.
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</para><para>
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For more examples, see
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<ulink url="&url-partition-examples;">
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Partitioning Strategies</ulink>. For an idea of the space taken by tasks
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you might be interested in adding after your system installation is
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complete, check <xref linkend="tasksel-size-list"/>.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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